U.S. patent application number 12/341971 was filed with the patent office on 2009-04-23 for macrocyclic compounds as inhibitors of viral replication.
Invention is credited to Steven W. Andrews, Lawrence M. Blatt, Kevin R. Condroski, George A. Doherty, Yutong Jiang, John A. Josey, April L. Kennedy, Machender R. Madduru, Peter J. Stengel, Steven M. Wenglowsky, Benjamin T. Woodard, Laura Woodard.
Application Number | 20090105471 12/341971 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46304224 |
Filed Date | 2009-04-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20090105471 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Blatt; Lawrence M. ; et
al. |
April 23, 2009 |
MACROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS OF VIRAL REPLICATION
Abstract
The embodiments provide compounds of the general formulas I-XIX,
as well as compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions,
comprising a subject compound. The embodiments further provide
treatment methods, including methods of treating flaviviral
infection, including hepatitis C virus infection and methods of
treating liver fibrosis, the methods generally involving
administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount
of a subject compound or composition.
Inventors: |
Blatt; Lawrence M.; (San
Francisco, CA) ; Andrews; Steven W.; (Longmont,
CO) ; Condroski; Kevin R.; (Broomfield, CO) ;
Doherty; George A.; (Superior, CO) ; Jiang;
Yutong; (Longmont, CO) ; Josey; John A.;
(Longmont, CO) ; Kennedy; April L.; (Denver,
CO) ; Madduru; Machender R.; (Boulder, CO) ;
Stengel; Peter J.; (Longmont, CO) ; Wenglowsky;
Steven M.; (Boulder, CO) ; Woodard; Benjamin T.;
(Golden, CO) ; Woodard; Laura; (Golden,
CO) |
Correspondence
Address: |
KNOBBE MARTENS OLSON & BEAR LLP
2040 MAIN STREET, FOURTEENTH FLOOR
IRVINE
CA
92614
US
|
Family ID: |
46304224 |
Appl. No.: |
12/341971 |
Filed: |
December 22, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11093884 |
Mar 29, 2005 |
7491794 |
|
|
12341971 |
|
|
|
|
11064445 |
Feb 23, 2005 |
|
|
|
11093884 |
|
|
|
|
PCT/US04/33970 |
Oct 13, 2004 |
|
|
|
11064445 |
|
|
|
|
60511541 |
Oct 14, 2003 |
|
|
|
60612460 |
Sep 22, 2004 |
|
|
|
60612381 |
Sep 22, 2004 |
|
|
|
60562418 |
Apr 14, 2004 |
|
|
|
60558161 |
Mar 30, 2004 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
540/460 ;
540/461 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 31/12 20180101;
C07K 5/0804 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
540/460 ;
540/461 |
International
Class: |
C07D 225/04 20060101
C07D225/04; C07D 245/04 20060101 C07D245/04 |
Claims
1. A compound of the formula: ##STR00449## or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein: (a) Z is a group configured to
hydrogen bond to an NS3 protease His57 imidazole moiety and to
hydrogen bond to a NS3 protease Gly137 nitrogen atom; (b) P.sub.1'
is a group configured to form a non-polar interaction with at least
one NS3 protease S1' pocket moiety selected from the group
consisting of Lys136, Gly137, Ser139, His57, Gly58, Gln41, Ser42,
and Phe43; (c) L is a linker group consisting of from 1 to 5 atoms
selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen,
hydrogen, and sulfur; (d) P.sub.2 is selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted
heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heterocyclic and
substituted heterocyclic; P.sub.2 being positioned by L to form a
non-polar interaction with at least one NS3 protease S2 pocket
moiety selected from the group consisting of His57, Arg155, Val78,
Asp79, Gln80 and Asp81; (e) the dashed line represents an optional
double bond; (f) R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of
H, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7 and C(O)OR.sup.8; (g) R.sup.6 and R.sup.7
are each independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl or phenyl, said phenyl optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken
together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form
indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
and (h) R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5
fluoro groups; or R.sup.8 is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through
the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or
R.sup.8 is a tetrahydropyran ring linked through the C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydropyran ring.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the C.sub.13-C.sub.14 double
bond is cis.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the C.sub.13-C.sub.14 double
bond is trans.
4. The compound of claim 1, wherein P.sub.2 is selected from the
group consisting of unsubstituted heterocycle and substituted
heterocycle.
5. The compound of claim 1, wherein P.sub.2 is ##STR00450##
6. The compound of claim 1, wherein L consists of from 1 to 5 atoms
selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, hydrogen and
sulfur.
7. The compound of claim 1, wherein L consists of from 2 to 5 atoms
selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen,
hydrogen, and sulfur.
8. The compound of claim 7, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --OCH.sub.2-- and --NHCH.sub.2--.
9. The compound of claim 7, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --CH.dbd.CH-- and --C.ident.C--.
10. The compound of claim 7, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --SCH.sub.2--, --SO.sub.2--, and --CH.sub.2SO--.
11. The compound of claim 1, wherein L comprises a --W--C(.dbd.V)--
group, where V and W are each individually selected from O, S or
NH.
12. The compound of claim 11, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group or --NHC(.dbd.O)-- group; P.sub.2 is selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic; and Z
consists of 5 atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and
hydrogen.
13. The compound of claim 12, wherein: L is selected from the group
consisting of --OC(.dbd.O)-- and --NHC(.dbd.O)--; P.sub.2 is
selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted heterocyclic
and substituted heterocyclic; and Z is --NHSO.sub.2--.
14. The compound of claim 13, wherein P.sub.2 is ##STR00451##
15. The compound of claim 12, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group; P.sub.2 is substituted heterocyclic; R.sup.5 is
C(O)OR.sup.8; and R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
16. The compound of claim 11, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group or --NHC(.dbd.O)-- group; P.sub.2 is selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic; and
P.sub.1' is alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl.
17. The compound of claim 11, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group; P.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of
unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic; and
P.sub.1' is methyl, propyl, butyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl.
18. The compound of claim 17, wherein: L is --OC(.dbd.O)--; P.sub.2
is a substituted heterocyclic; R.sup.5 is C(O)OR.sup.8; and R.sup.8
is C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
19. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of ester, amide, carboxy, carbamate, thioester, and
thioamide.
20. The compound of claim 1, wherein P.sub.2 is further positioned
by L to form a hydrogen bonding interaction with at least one NS3
protease S2 pocket moiety selected from the group consisting of
His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79, Gln80 and Asp81.
21. The compound of claim 20, wherein L consists of from 1 to 5
atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon and oxygen.
22. The compound of claim 20, wherein P.sub.2 is selected from the
group consisting of unsubstituted heterocycle and substituted
heterocycle.
23. The compound of claim 1 of the formula ##STR00452##
24. The compound of claim 23, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --WC(.dbd.V)--NH-- and --WC(.dbd.V)--O--, where V and
W are each individually selected from O, S or NH.
25. The compound of claim 23, wherein the C.sub.13-C.sub.14 double
bond is cis.
26. The compound of claim 23, wherein the C.sub.13-C.sub.14 double
bond is trans.
27. The compound of claim 23, wherein P.sub.2 is selected from the
group consisting of unsubstituted heterocycle and substituted
heterocycle.
28. The compound of claim 23, wherein L consists of from 1 to 5
atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon and oxygen.
29. The compound of claim 23, wherein L consists of from 2 to 5
atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen,
nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulfur.
30. The compound of claim 29, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --OCH.sub.2-- and --NHCH.sub.2--.
31. The compound of claim 29, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --CH.dbd.CH-- and --C.ident.C--.
32. The compound of claim 29, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --SCH.sub.2--, --SO.sub.2--, and --CH.sub.2SO--.
33. The compound of claim 23, wherein L comprises a
--W--C(.dbd.V)-- group, where V and W are each individually
selected from O, S, or NH.
34. The compound of claim 33, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group or --NHC(.dbd.O)-- group; P.sub.2 is selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic; and Z
consists of 5 atoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen,
nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen.
35. The compound of claim 34, wherein: L is selected from the group
consisting of --OC(.dbd.O)-- and --NHC(.dbd.O)--; P.sub.2 is
selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted heterocyclic
and substituted heterocyclic; and Z is --NHSO.sub.2--.
36. The compound of claim 34, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group; P.sub.2 is a substituted heterocyclic; R.sup.5 is
C(O)OR.sup.8; and R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
37. The compound of claim 33, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group or --NHC(.dbd.O)-- group; P.sub.2 is selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic; and
P.sub.1' is alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl.
38. The compound of claim 37, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group; P.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of
unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic; and
P.sub.1' is methyl, propyl, butyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl.
39. The compound of claim 38, wherein: L is --OC(.dbd.O)--; P.sub.2
is a substituted heterocyclic; R.sup.5 is C(O)OR.sup.8; and R.sup.8
is C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
40. The compound of claim 38, wherein P.sub.2 is ##STR00453##
41. The compound of claim 23, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of ester, amide, carboxy, carbamate, thioester, and
thioamide.
42. The compound of claim 23, wherein P.sub.2 is further positioned
by L to form a hydrogen bonding interaction with at least one NS3
protease S2 pocket moiety selected from the group consisting of
His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79, Gln80 and Asp81.
43. The compound of claim 42, wherein L consists of from 1 to 5
atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon and oxygen.
44. The compound of claim 42, wherein P.sub.2 is selected from the
group consisting of unsubstituted heterocycle and substituted
heterocycle.
45. The compound of claim 1 of the formula ##STR00454##
46. The compound of claim 45, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --WC(.dbd.V)--NH-- and --WC(.dbd.V)--O--, where V and
W are each individually selected from O, S or NH.
47. The compound of claim 45, wherein the C.sub.13-C.sub.14 double
bond is cis.
48. The compound of claim 45, wherein the C.sub.13-C.sub.14 double
bond is trans.
49. The compound of claim 45, wherein P.sub.2 is selected from the
group consisting of unsubstituted heterocycle and substituted
heterocycle.
50. The compound of claim 49, wherein P.sub.2 is ##STR00455##
51. The compound of claim 45, wherein L consists of from 1 to 5
atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon and oxygen.
52. The compound of claim 45, wherein L consists of from 2 to 5
atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen,
nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulfur.
53. The compound of claim 52, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --OCH.sub.2-- and --NHCH.sub.2--.
54. The compound of claim 52, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --CH.dbd.CH-- and --C.ident.C--.
55. The compound of claim 52, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of --SCH.sub.2--, --SO.sub.2--, and --CH.sub.2SO--.
56. The compound of claim 45, wherein L comprises a
--W--C(.dbd.V)-- group, where V and W are each individually
selected from O, S, or NH.
57. The compound of claim 56, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group or --NHC(.dbd.O)-- group; P.sub.2 is selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic; and Z
consists of 5 atoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen,
nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen.
58. The compound of claim 57, wherein: L is selected from the group
consisting of --OC(.dbd.O)-- and --NHC(.dbd.O)--; P.sub.2 is
selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted heterocyclic
and substituted heterocyclic; and Z is --NHSO.sub.2--.
59. The compound of claim 57, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group; P.sub.2 is a substituted heterocyclic; R.sup.5 is
C(O)OR.sup.8; and R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
60. The compound of claim 56, wherein: L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group or --NHC(.dbd.O)-- group; P.sub.2 is selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl,
unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic; and
P.sub.1' is alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl.
61. The compound of claim 60, wherein; L comprises a --OC(.dbd.O)--
group; P.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of
unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic; and
P.sub.1' is methyl, propyl, butyl, cyclopropyl or phenyl.
62. The compound of claim 61, wherein: L is --OC(.dbd.O)--; P.sub.2
is a substituted heterocyclic; R.sup.5 is C(O)OR.sup.8; and R.sup.8
is C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
63. The compound of claim 45, wherein L is selected from the group
consisting of ester, amide, carboxy, carbamate, thioester, and
thioamide.
64. The compound of claim 45, wherein P.sub.2 is further positioned
by L to form a hydrogen bonding interaction with at least one NS3
protease S2 pocket moiety selected from the group consisting of
His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79, Gln80 and Asp81.
65. The compound of claim 64, wherein L is a linker group
consisting of from 1 to 5 atoms selected from the group consisting
of carbon and oxygen.
66. The compound of claim 64, wherein P.sub.2 is selected from the
group consisting of unsubstituted heterocycle and substituted
heterocycle.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 11/093,884, filed Mar. 29, 2005, which is a
continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
11/064,445, filed Feb. 23, 2005, which is a continuation of
PCT/US04/33970, filed Oct. 13, 2004, which claims priority under 35
U.S.C. .sctn.119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/511,541,
filed Oct. 14, 2003 and U.S. Provisional Application No.
60/612,460, filed Sep. 22, 2004; U.S. patent application Ser. No.
11/093,884 also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.
60/612,381, filed Sep. 22, 2004; U.S. Provisional Application No.
60/562,418, filed Apr. 14, 2004; and U.S. Provisional Application
No. 60/558,161, filed Mar. 30, 2004; all of which are incorporated
herein by reference in their entireties.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to compounds, processes for
their syntheses, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for the
treatment of flaviviral infections, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection. In particular, the present invention provides novel
peptide analogs, pharmaceutical compositions containing such
analogs and methods for using these analogs in the treatment of
flaviviral infection.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common chronic
blood borne infection in the United States. Although the numbers of
new infections have declined, the burden of chronic infection is
substantial, with Centers for Disease Control estimates of 3.9
million (1.8%) infected persons in the United States. Chronic liver
disease is the tenth leading cause of death among adults in the
United States, and accounts for approximately 25,000 deaths
annually, or approximately 1% of all deaths. Studies indicate that
40% of chronic liver disease is HCV-related, resulting in an
estimated 8,000-10,000 deaths each year. HCV-associated end-stage
liver disease is the most frequent indication for liver
transplantation among adults.
[0006] Antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C has evolved rapidly
over the last decade, with significant improvements seen in the
efficacy of treatment. Nevertheless, even with combination therapy
using pegylated IFN-.alpha. plus ribavirin, 40% to 50% of patients
fail therapies, i.e., are nonresponders or relapsers. These
patients currently have no effective therapeutic alternative. In
particular, patients who have advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis on
liver biopsy are at significant risk of developing complications of
advanced liver disease, including ascites, jaundice, variceal
bleeding, encephalopathy, and progressive liver failure, as well as
a markedly increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
[0007] The high prevalence of chronic HCV infection has important
public health implications for the future burden of chronic liver
disease in the United States. Data derived from the National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) indicate that a large
increase in the rate of new HCV infections occurred from the late
1960s to the early 1980s, particularly among persons between 20 to
40 years of age. It is estimated that the number of persons with
long-standing HCV infection of 20 years or longer could more than
quadruple from 1990 to 2015, from 750,000 to over 3 million. The
proportional increase in persons infected for 30 or 40 years would
be even greater. Since the risk of HCV-related chronic liver
disease is related to the duration of infection, with the risk of
cirrhosis progressively increasing for persons infected for longer
than 20 years, this increase in the number of persons with
long-standing HCV infection could result in a substantial increase
in cirrhosis-related morbidity and mortality among patients
infected between the years of 1965-1985.
[0008] HCV is an enveloped positive strand RNA virus in the
Flaviviridae family. The single strand HCV RNA genome is
approximately 9500 nucleotides in length and has a single open
reading frame (ORF) encoding a single large polyprotein of about
3000 amino acids. In infected cells, this polyprotein is cleaved at
multiple sites by cellular and viral proteases to produce the
structural and non-structural (NS) proteins of the virus. In the
case of HCV, the generation of mature nonstructural proteins (NS2,
NS3, NS4, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B) is effected by two viral
proteases. The first viral protease cleaves at the NS2-NS3 junction
of the polyprotein. The second viral protease is serine protease
contained within the N-terminal region of NS3 (herein referred to
as "NS3 protease"). NS3 protease mediates all of the subsequent
cleavage events at sites downstream relative to the position of NS3
in the polyprotein (i.e., sites located between the C-terminus of
NS3 and the C-terminus of the polyprotein). NS3 protease exhibits
activity both in cis, at the NS3-NS4 cleavage site, and in trans,
for the remaining NS4A-NS4B, NS4B-NS5A, and NS5A-NS5B sites. The
NS4A protein is believed to serve multiple functions, acting as a
cofactor for the NS3 protease and possibly assisting in the
membrane localization of NS3 and other viral replicase components.
Apparently, the formation of the complex between NS3 and NS4A is
necessary for NS3-mediated processing events and enhances
proteolytic efficiency at all sites recognized by NS3. The NS3
protease also exhibits nucleoside triphosphatase and RNA helicase
activities. NS5B is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase involved in the
replication of HCV RNA.
Literature
[0009] METAVIR (1994) Hepatology 20:15-20; Brunt (2000) Hepatol.
31:241-246; Alpini (1997) J. Hepatol. 27:371-380; Baroni et al.
(1996) Hepatol. 23:1189-1199; Czaja et al. (1989) Hepatol.
10:795-800; Grossman et al. (1998) J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
13:1058-1060; Rockey and Chung (1994) J. Invest. Med. 42:660-670;
Sakaida et al. (1998) J. Hepatol. 28:471-479; Shi et al. (1997)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:10663-10668; Baroni et al. (1999)
Liver 19:212-219; Lortat-Jacob et al. (1997) J. Hepatol.
26:894-903; Llorent et al. (1996) J. Hepatol. 24:555-563; U.S. Pat.
No. 5,082,659; European Patent Application EP 294,160; U.S. Pat.
No. 4,806,347; Balish et al. (1992) J. Infect. Diseases
166:1401-1403; Katayama et al. (2001) J. Viral Hepatitis 8:180-185;
U.S. Pat. No. 5,082,659; U.S. Pat. No. 5,190,751; U.S. Pat. No.
4,806,347; Wandl et al. (1992) Br. J. Haematol. 81:516-519;
European Patent Application No. 294,160; Canadian Patent No.
1,321,348; European Patent Application No. 276,120; Wandl et al.
(1992) Sem. Oncol. 19:88-94; Balish et al. (1992) J. Infectious
Diseases 166:1401-1403; Van Dijk et al. (1994) Int. J. Cancer
56:262-268; Sundmacher et al. (1987) Current Eye Res. 6:273-276;
U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,172,046; 6,245,740; 5,824,784; 5,372,808;
5,980,884; published international patent applications WO 96/21468;
WO 96/11953; WO 00/59929; WO 00/66623; WO2003/064416;
WO2003/064455; WO2003/064456; WO 97/06804; WO 98/17679; WO
98/22496; WO 97/43310; WO 98/46597; WO 98/46630; WO 99/07733; WO
99/07734, WO 00/09543; WO 00/09558; WO 99/38888; WO 99/64442; WO
99/50230; WO 95/33764; Torre et al. (2001) J. Med. Virol.
64:455-459; Bekkering et al. (2001) J. Hepatol. 34:435-440; Zeuzem
et al. (2001) Gastroenterol. 120:1438-1447; Zeuzem (1999) J.
Hepatol. 31:61-64; Keeffe and Hollinger (1997) Hepatol. 26:11
S-107S; Wills (1990) Clin. Pharmacokinet. 19:390-399; Heathcote et
al. (2000) New Engl. J. Med. 343:1673-1680; Husa and Husova (2001)
Bratisl. Lek. Listy 102:248-252; Glue et al. (2000) Clin.
Pharmacol. 68:556-567; Bailon et al. (2001) Bioconj. Chem.
12:195-202; and Neumann et al. (2001) Science 282:103; Zalipsky
(1995) Adv. Drug Delivery Reviews S. 16, 157-182; Mann et al.
(2001) Lancet 358:958-965; Zeuzem et al. (2000) New Engl. J. Med.
343:1666-1672; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,633,388; 5,866,684; 6,018,020;
5,869,253; 6,608,027; 5,985,265; 5,908,121; 6,177,074; 5,985,263;
5,711,944; 5,382,657; and 5,908,121; Osborn et al. (2002) J.
Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 303:540-548; Sheppard et al. (2003) Nat.
Immunol. 4:63-68; Chang et al. (1999) Nat. Biotechnol. 17:793-797;
Adolf (1995) Multiple Sclerosis 1 Suppl. 1:S44-S47; Chu et al.,
Tet. Lett. (1996), 7229-7232; Ninth Conference on Antiviral
Research, Urabandai, Fukyshima, Japan (1996) (Antiviral Research,
(1996), 30:1, A23 (abstract 19)); Steinkuhler et al., Biochem., 37:
8899-8905; Ingallinella et al., Biochem., 37: 8906-8914.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The embodiments provide a compound having the Formula I:
##STR00001##
[0011] wherein:
[0012] Q is a core ring selected from:
##STR00002##
[0013] wherein the core ring can be unsubstituted or substituted
with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, substituted
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl,
furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, phenoxy, thiophenoxy, sulphonamido,
urea, thiourea, amido, keto, carboxyl, carbamyl, sulphide,
sulphoxide, sulphone, amino, alkoxyamino, alkyoxyheterocyclyl,
alkylamino, alkylcarboxy, carbonyl, spirocyclic cyclopropyl,
spirocyclic cyclobutyl, spirocyclic cyclopentyl, or spirocyclic
cyclohexyl,
[0014] or Q is R.sup.1-R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridine,
pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene,
thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole,
naphthyl, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole,
benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each
optionally substituted with up to three NR.sup.6R.sup.7, halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro; and R.sup.2 is H, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine,
pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole,
oxazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl,
quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole,
benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each
optionally substituted with up to three NR.sup.6R.sup.7, halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0015] R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, said phenyl or
benzyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0016] R.sup.5 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
or (CO)CHR.sup.21NH(CO)R.sup.22;
[0017] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0018] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or
phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups; or R.sup.8
is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or R.sup.8 is a
tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4 position of the
tetrahydropyranyl ring;
[0019] Y is a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl, or R.sup.9 is NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b or R.sup.9 is
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.9 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups, NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b, or (CO)OH, or R.sup.9 is a heteroaromatic ring
optionally substituted up to two times with halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; or Y is a carboxylic acid or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof;
[0020] wherein R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, or
phenyl,
[0021] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H and
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro,
[0022] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H,
heterocycle, which is a five-, six-, or seven-membered, saturated
or unsaturated heterocyclic molecule, containing from one to four
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen,
and sulfur,
[0023] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a three- to six-membered alkyl
cyclic secondary amine, which optionally has one to three hetero
atoms incorporated in the ring, and which is optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
amido, or phenyl,
[0024] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a heteroaryl selected from the group
consisting of:
##STR00003##
[0025] wherein R.sup.1c is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkoxy, NO.sub.2,
N(R.sup.1d).sub.2, NH(CO)R.sup.1d, or NH(CO)NHR.sup.1d, wherein
each R.sup.1d is independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl,
[0026] or R.sup.1c is NH(CO)OR.sup.1e, wherein R.sup.1e is
C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl;
[0027] p=0 or 1;
[0028] V is selected from O, S, or NH;
[0029] when V is O or S, W is selected from O, NR.sup.15, or
CR.sup.15; when V is NH, W is selected from NR.sup.15 or CR.sup.15,
where R.sup.15 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0030] the dashed lines represent an optional double bond;
[0031] R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or phenyl; or R.sup.21 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.21 is pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
phenoxy, or thiophenoxy; and
[0032] R.sup.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or phenyl.
[0033] The embodiments provide a compound having the Formula II,
III, or IV:
##STR00004##
[0034] wherein:
[0035] a) R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl,
furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, phenoxy, thiophenoxy,
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.6R.sup.7, NHC(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
NHC(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, NHC(O)R.sup.8, NHC(O)OR.sup.8,
SO.sub.mR.sup.8, NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, O(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7,
or O(CH.sub.2).sub.nR.sup.9 where R.sup.9 is imidazolyl or
pyrazolyl; said thienyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, thiazolyl and oxazolyl
in the definition of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are optionally substituted
by up to two halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10
aryl, pyridyl, phenoxy and thiophenoxy in the definition of R.sup.1
and R.sup.2 are optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0036] b) m=0, 1, or 2;
[0037] c) R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl phenyl or benzyl, said phenyl or benzyl
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0038] d) R.sup.5 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
or (CO)CHR.sup.21NH(CO)R.sup.22;
[0039] e) R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0040] f) R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5
fluoro groups; or R.sup.8 is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through
the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or
R.sup.8 is a tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydropyranyl ring;
[0041] g) Y is a sulfonimide of the formula
--C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9, where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all
optionally substituted from one to three times with halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or phenyl, or R.sup.9 is C.sub.6
or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.9 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups, NR.sup.6R.sup.7, or (CO)OH,
or R.sup.9 is a heteroaromatic ring optionally substituted up to
two times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy;
or Y is a carboxylic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
solvate, or prodrug thereof;
[0042] h) R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or
10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro, (CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14 where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all
optionally substituted from one to three times with halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6
or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of
R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together
with the carbon to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11
are combined as O;
[0043] i) p=0 or 1;
[0044] j) R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or
10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro, (CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14 where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all
optionally substituted from one to three times with halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6
or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of
R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are taken together
with the carbon to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; or R.sup.12 and R.sup.13
are each independently C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with
(CH.sub.2).sub.nOR.sup.8;
[0045] k) R.sup.20 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or (CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14
where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0046] l) n=1-4;
[0047] m) V is selected from O, S, or NH;
[0048] n) when V is O or S, W is selected from O, NR.sup.15, or
CR.sup.15; when V is NH, W is selected from NR.sup.15 or CR.sup.15,
where R.sup.15 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0049] o) the dashed line represents an optional double bond;
[0050] p) R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or phenyl; or R.sup.21 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.21 is pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
phenoxy, or thiophenoxy; and
[0051] q) R.sup.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or phenyl.
[0052] The embodiments provide a compound having the Formula
XI:
##STR00005##
[0053] wherein:
[0054] a) R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which
are all optionally substituted from one to three times with halo,
cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, or phenyl;
[0055] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H and
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0056] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H or
heterocycle, which is a five-, six-, or seven-membered, saturated
or unsaturated heterocyclic molecule, containing from one to four
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen
and sulfur;
[0057] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a three- to six-membered alkyl
cyclic secondary amine, which optionally has one to three hetero
atoms incorporated in the ring, and which is optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
amido, or phenyl;
[0058] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a heteroaryl selected from the group
consisting of:
##STR00006##
[0059] wherein R.sup.1c is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkoxy, NO.sub.2,
N(R.sup.1d).sub.2, NH(CO)R.sup.1d, or NH(CO)NHR.sup.1d, wherein
each R.sup.1d is independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl;
[0060] or R.sup.1c is NH(CO)OR.sup.1e wherein R.sup.1e is C.sub.1-6
alkyl, or C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl;
[0061] b) W is O or NH;
[0062] c) V is selected from O, S, or NH;
[0063] d) when V is O or S, W is selected from O, NR.sup.15, or
CR.sup.15; when V is NH, W is selected from NR.sup.15 or CR.sup.15,
where R.sup.15 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0064] e) R.sup.2 is a bicyclic secondary amine with the structure
of:
##STR00007##
[0065] wherein R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 are each independently H,
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl,
furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, phenoxy, thiophenoxy,
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.6R.sup.7, NHC(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
NHC(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, NHC(O)R.sup.8, NHC(O)OR.sup.8,
SO.sub.mR.sup.8 (m=0, 1 or 2), or NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.8; said
thienyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, thiazolyl and oxazolyl in the
definition of R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 are optionally substituted by
up to two halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10
aryl, pyridyl, phenoxy and thiophenoxy in the definition of
R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 are optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0066] wherein R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, or (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14
where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together with the carbon to which
they are attached to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or
cyclohexyl; or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are combined as O;
[0067] wherein p=0 or 1;
[0068] wherein R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14
where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are taken together with the carbon to which
they are attached to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or
cyclohexyl;
[0069] wherein R.sup.20 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, (CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, or
(CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14 where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all
optionally substituted from one to three times with halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6
or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of
R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0070] wherein n=0-4;
[0071] wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
or phenyl, said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0072] or R.sup.2 is R.sup.2a-R.sup.2b when W=NH and V=O,
wherein
[0073] R.sup.2a is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine,
pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, oxazole,
imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl, quinoline,
isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole, benzothiophene,
benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each optionally substituted
with up to three NR.sup.2cR.sup.2d, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0074] R.sup.2b is H, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine,
pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, oxazole,
imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl, quinoline,
isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole, benzothiophene,
benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each optionally substituted
with up to three NR.sup.2cR.sup.2d, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0075] said R.sup.2c and R.sup.2d are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
or phenyl, said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.2c and R.sup.2d are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0076] f) R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl, said phenyl optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0077] g) R.sup.5 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, or
S(O).sub.2R.sup.8;
[0078] h) R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
and
[0079] i) the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0080] The embodiments provide a compound having the Formula
XVIII:
##STR00008##
[0081] wherein
[0082] a) R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine,
pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, oxazole,
imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl, quinoline,
isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole, benzothiophene,
benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each optionally substituted
with up to three NR.sup.5R.sup.6, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0083] b) R.sup.2 is H, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine,
pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, oxazole,
imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl, quinoline,
isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole, benzothiophene,
benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each optionally substituted
with up to three NR.sup.5R.sup.6, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0084] c) R.sup.3 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl or phenyl, said phenyl optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0085] d) R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.5R.sup.6,
C(S)NR.sup.5R.sup.6, C(O)R.sup.7, C(O)OR.sup.7, or
S(O).sub.2R.sup.7;
[0086] e) R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0087] f) R.sup.7 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.7 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0088] g) R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl, or
phenyl which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy; and
[0089] h) the dashed line represents an optional double bond;
[0090] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0091] The embodiments provide a compound of the formula:
##STR00009##
[0092] wherein:
[0093] a) Z is a group configured to hydrogen bond to an NS3
protease His57 imidazole moiety and to hydrogen bond to a NS3
protease Gly137 nitrogen atom;
[0094] b) P.sub.1' is a group configured to form a non-polar
interaction with at least one NS3 protease S1' pocket moiety
selected from the group consisting of Lys136, Gly137, Ser139,
His57, Gly58, Gln41, Ser42, and Phe43;
[0095] c) L is a linker group consisting of from 1 to 5 atoms
selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen,
hydrogen, and sulfur;
[0096] d) P.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of
unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl,
substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted
heterocyclic; P.sub.2 being positioned by L to form a non-polar
interaction with at least one NS3 protease S2 pocket moiety
selected from the group consisting of His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79,
Gln80 and Asp81;
[0097] e) the dashed line represents an optional double bond;
[0098] f) R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of H,
C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7 and C(O)OR.sup.8;
[0099] g) R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl; and
[0100] h) R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5
fluoro groups; or R.sup.8 is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through
the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or
R.sup.8 is a tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydropyranyl ring.
[0101] The embodiments provide a compound having the formula:
##STR00010##
[0102] wherein:
[0103] R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, said phenyl or
benzyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0104] R.sup.5 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
or (CO)CHR.sup.21NH(CO)R.sup.22;
[0105] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0106] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or
phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups; or R.sup.8
is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or R.sup.8 is a
tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4 position of the
tetrahydropyranyl ring;
[0107] Y is a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-3
alkoxy, or Y is a carboxylic acid
[0108] V is selected from OH, SH, or NH.sub.2;
[0109] the dashed line represents an optional double bond;
[0110] R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or phenyl; or R.sup.21 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.21 is pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
phenoxy, or thiophenoxy; and
[0111] R.sup.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or phenyl.
[0112] The embodiments provide a compound having the formula:
##STR00011##
[0113] wherein:
[0114] Q is a core ring selected from:
##STR00012##
[0115] wherein the core ring can be unsubstituted or substituted H,
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, substituted C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, substituted C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.6 or
10 aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
phenoxy, thiophenoxy, sulphonamido, urea, thiourea, amido, keto,
carboxyl, carbamyl, sulphide, sulphoxide, sulphone, amino,
alkoxyamino, alkyoxyheterocyclyl, alkylamino, alkylcarboxy,
carbonyl, spirocyclic cyclopropyl, spirocyclic cyclobutyl,
spirocyclic cyclopentyl, or spirocyclic cyclohexyl,
[0116] or Q is R.sup.1-R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridine,
pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene,
thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole,
naphthyl, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole,
benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, benzimidazole, each optionally
substituted with up to three NR.sup.6R.sup.7, halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; and R.sup.2 is H, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine,
pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole,
oxazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl,
quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole,
benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, benzimidazole, each optionally
substituted with up to three NR.sup.6R.sup.7, halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0117] R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, said phenyl or
benzyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0118] R.sup.5 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
or (CO)CHR.sup.21NH(CO)R.sup.22;
[0119] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0120] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or
phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups; or R.sup.8
is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or R.sup.8 is a
tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4 position of the
tetrahydropyranyl ring;
[0121] Y is COOR.sup.9, wherein R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or Y is
a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9, where
R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or phenyl which
is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy, or Y is
a carboxylic acid
[0122] V and W are each individually selected from O, S, or NH;
[0123] the dashed line represents an optional double bond;
[0124] R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or phenyl; or R.sup.21 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.21 is pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
phenoxy, or thiophenoxy; and
[0125] R.sup.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or phenyl.
[0126] The embodiments provide pharmaceutical compositions
comprising preferred compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers.
[0127] The embodiments provide a method of treating a hepatitis C
virus infection in an individual, the method comprising
administering to the individual an effective amount of the
preferred compounds.
[0128] The embodiments provide a method of treating liver fibrosis
in an individual, the method comprising administering to the
individual an effective amount of the preferred compounds.
[0129] The embodiments provide a method of increasing liver
function in an individual having a hepatitis C virus infection, the
method comprising administering to the individual an effective
amount of the preferred compounds.
[0130] The chemical formulas representing the compounds described
herein also represent pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates,
esters, and prodrug derivatives thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Definitions
[0131] As used herein, the term "hepatic fibrosis," used
interchangeably herein with "liver fibrosis," refers to the growth
of scar tissue in the liver that may occur in the context of a
chronic hepatitis infection.
[0132] The terms "individual," "host," "subject," and "patient" are
used interchangeably herein, and refer to a mammal, including, but
not limited to, primates, including simians and humans.
[0133] As used herein, the term "liver function" refers to a normal
function of the liver, including, but not limited to, a synthetic
function, including, but not limited to, synthesis of proteins such
as serum proteins (e.g., albumin, clotting factors, alkaline
phosphatase, aminotransferases (e.g., alanine transaminase,
aspartate transaminase), 5'-nucleosidase,
.gamma.-glutaminyltranspeptidase, etc.), synthesis of bilirubin,
synthesis of cholesterol, and synthesis of bile acids; a liver
metabolic function, including, but not limited to, carbohydrate
metabolism, amino acid and ammonia metabolism, hormone metabolism,
and lipid metabolism; detoxification of exogenous drugs; a
hemodynamic function, including splanchnic and portal hemodynamics;
and the like.
[0134] As used herein, the terms "HCV NS3 protease inhibitor" and
"NS3 protease inhibitor" refer to any agent that inhibits the
protease activity of HCV NS3/NS4A complex. Unless specifically
stated otherwise, the term "NS3 inhibitor" is used interchangeably
with the terms "HCV NS3 protease inhibitor" and "NS3 protease
inhibitor."
[0135] As used herein, the term "polyol" or "poly-ol" denotes a
hydrocarbon including at least two hydroxyls bonded to carbon
atoms, and includes sugars (reducing and nonreducing sugars), sugar
alcohols and sugar acids. Polyols may include other functional
groups. Examples of polyols include sugar alcohols such as mannitol
and trehalose, and polyethers. A "reducing sugar" is one which
contains a hemiacetal group that can reduce metal ions or react
covalently with lysine and other amino groups in proteins and a
"nonreducing sugar" is one which does not have these properties of
a reducing sugar. Examples of reducing sugars are fructose,
mannose, maltose, lactose, arabinose, xylose, ribose, rhamnose,
galactose and glucose. Nonreducing sugars include sucrose,
trehalose, sorbose, melezitose and raffinose. Mannitol, xylitol,
erythritol, threitol, sorbitol and glycerol are examples of sugar
alcohols. As to sugar acids, these include L-gluconate and metallic
salts thereof.
[0136] The term "polyether" as used herein denotes a hydrocarbon
containing at least three ether bonds. Polyethers may include other
functional groups. Polyethers include polyethylene glycol
(PEG).
[0137] The term "sustained viral response" (SVR; also referred to
as a "sustained response" or a "durable response"), as used herein,
refers to the response of an individual to a treatment regimen for
HCV infection, in terms of serum HCV titer. Generally, a "sustained
viral response" refers to no detectable HCV RNA (e.g., less than
about 500, less than about 200, or less than about 100 genome
copies per milliliter serum) found in the patient's serum for a
period of at least about one month, at least about two months, at
least about three months, at least about four months, at least
about five months, or at least about six months following cessation
of treatment.
[0138] "Treatment failure patients" as used herein generally refers
to HCV-infected patients who failed to respond to previous therapy
for HCV (referred to as "non-responders") or who initially
responded to previous therapy, but in whom the therapeutic response
was not maintained (referred to as "relapsers"). The previous
therapy generally may include treatment with IFN-.alpha.
monotherapy or IFN-.alpha. combination therapy, where the
combination therapy may include administration of IFN-.alpha. and
an antiviral agent such as ribavirin.
[0139] As used herein, the terms "treatment," "treating," and the
like, refer to obtaining a desired pharmacologic and/or physiologic
effect. The effect may be prophylactic in terms of completely or
partially preventing a disease or symptom thereof and/or may be
therapeutic in terms of a partial or complete cure for a disease
and/or adverse affect attributable to the disease. "Treatment," as
used herein, covers any treatment of a disease in a mammal,
particularly in a human, and includes: (a) preventing the disease
from occurring in a subject which may be predisposed to the disease
but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; (b) inhibiting the
disease, i.e., arresting its development; and (c) relieving the
disease, i.e., causing regression of the disease.
[0140] The terms "individual," "host," "subject," and "patient" are
used interchangeably herein, and refer to a mammal, including, but
not limited to, murines, simians, humans, mammalian farm animals,
mammalian sport animals, and mammalian pets.
[0141] As used herein, the term "pirfenidone" refers to
5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)-pyridone. As used herein, the term
"pirfenidone analog" refers to any compound of Formula I, IIA or
IIB in the section entitled "Pirfenidone and Analogs Thereof"
below. A "specific pirfenidone analog," and all grammatical
variants thereof, refers to, and is limited to, each and every
pirfenidone analog shown in Table 1 in the section entitled
"Pirfenidone and Analogs Thereof" below.
[0142] As used herein, the term "a Type I interferon receptor
agonist" refers to any naturally occurring or non-naturally
occurring ligand of human Type I interferon receptor, which binds
to and causes signal transduction via the receptor. Type I
interferon receptor agonists include interferons, including
naturally-occurring interferons, modified interferons, synthetic
interferons, pegylated interferons, fusion proteins comprising an
interferon and a heterologous protein, shuffled interferons;
antibody specific for an interferon receptor; non-peptide chemical
agonists; and the like.
[0143] As used herein, the term "Type II interferon receptor
agonist" refers to any naturally occurring or non-naturally
occurring ligand of human Type II interferon receptor that binds to
and causes signal transduction via the receptor. Type II interferon
receptor agonists include native human interferon-.gamma.,
recombinant IFN-.gamma. species, glycosylated IFN-.gamma. species,
pegylated IFN-.gamma. species, modified or variant IFN-.gamma.
species, IFN-.gamma. fusion proteins, antibody agonists specific
for the receptor, non-peptide agonists, and the like.
[0144] As used herein, the term "a Type III interferon receptor
agonist" refers to any naturally occurring or non-naturally
occurring ligand of humanIL-28 receptor .alpha. ("IL-28R"), the
amino acid sequence of which is described by Sheppard, et al.,
infra., that binds to and causes signal transduction via the
receptor.
[0145] As used herein, the term "interferon receptor agonist"
refers to any Type I interferon receptor agonist, Type II
interferon receptor agonist, or Type III interferon receptor
agonist.
[0146] The term "dosing event" as used herein refers to
administration of an antiviral agent to a patient in need thereof,
which event may encompass one or more releases of an antiviral
agent from a drug dispensing device. Thus, the term "dosing event,"
as used herein, includes, but is not limited to, installation of a
continuous delivery device (e.g., a pump or other controlled
release injectible system); and a single subcutaneous injection
followed by installation of a continuous delivery system.
[0147] "Continuous delivery" as used herein (e.g., in the context
of "continuous delivery of a substance to a tissue") is meant to
refer to movement of drug to a delivery site, e.g., into a tissue
in a fashion that provides for delivery of a desired amount of
substance into the tissue over a selected period of time, where
about the same quantity of drug is received by the patient each
minute during the selected period of time.
[0148] "Controlled release" as used herein (e.g., in the context of
"controlled drug release") is meant to encompass release of
substance (e.g., a Type I or Type III interferon receptor agonist,
e.g., IFN-.alpha.) at a selected or otherwise controllable rate,
interval, and/or amount, which is not substantially influenced by
the environment of use. "Controlled release" thus encompasses, but
is not necessarily limited to, substantially continuous delivery,
and patterned delivery (e.g., intermittent delivery over a period
of time that is interrupted by regular or irregular time
intervals).
[0149] "Patterned" or "temporal" as used in the context of drug
delivery is meant to encompass delivery of drug in a pattern,
generally a substantially regular pattern, over a pre-selected
period of time (e.g., other than a period associated with, for
example a bolus injection). "Patterned" or "temporal" drug delivery
is meant to encompass delivery of drug at an increasing,
decreasing, substantially constant, or pulsatile, rate or range of
rates (e.g., amount of drug per unit time, or volume of drug
formulation for a unit time), and further encompasses delivery that
is continuous or substantially continuous, or chronic.
[0150] The term "controlled drug delivery device" is meant to
encompass any device wherein the release (e.g., rate, timing of
release) of a drug or other desired substance contained therein is
controlled by or determined by the device itself and not
substantially influenced by the environment of use, or releasing at
a rate that is reproducible within the environment of use.
[0151] By "substantially continuous" as used in, for example, the
context of "substantially continuous infusion" or "substantially
continuous delivery" is meant to refer to delivery of drug in a
manner that is substantially uninterrupted for a pre-selected
period of drug delivery, where the quantity of drug received by the
patient during any 8 hour interval in the pre-selected period never
falls to zero. Furthermore, "substantially continuous" drug
delivery may also encompass delivery of drug at a substantially
constant, pre-selected rate or range of rates (e.g., amount of drug
per unit time, or volume of drug formulation for a unit time) that
is substantially uninterrupted for a pre-selected period of drug
delivery.
[0152] By "substantially steady state" as used in the context of a
biological parameter that may vary as a function of time, it is
meant that the biological parameter exhibits a substantially
constant value over a time course, such that the area under the
curve defined by the value of the biological parameter as a
function of time for any 8 hour period during the time course (AUC8
hr) is no more than about 20% above or about 20% below, and
preferably no more than about 15% above or about 15% below, and
more preferably no more than about 10% above or about 10% below,
the average area under the curve of the biological parameter over
an 8 hour period during the time course (AUC8 hr average). The AUC8
hr average is defined as the quotient (q) of the area under the
curve of the biological parameter over the entirety of the time
course (AUCtotal) divided by the number of 8 hour intervals in the
time course (total/3 days), i.e., q=(AUCtotal)/(total/3 days). For
example, in the context of a serum concentration of a drug, the
serum concentration of the drug is maintained at a substantially
steady state during a time course when the area under the curve of
serum concentration of the drug over time for any 8 hour period
during the time course (AUC8 hr) is no more than about 20% above or
about 20% below the average area under the curve of serum
concentration of the drug over an 8 hour period in the time course
(AUC8 hr average), i.e., the AUC8 hr is no more than 20% above or
20% below the AUC8 hr average for the serum concentration of the
drug over the time course.
[0153] As used herein, "hydrogen bond" refers to an attractive
force between an electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen,
sulfur or halogen) and a hydrogen atom which is linked covalently
to another electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
or halogen). See, e.g., Stryer et. al. "Biochemistry", Fith Edition
2002, Freeman & Co. N.Y. Typically, the hydrogen bond is
between a hydrogen atom and two unshared electrons of another atom.
A hydrogen bond between hydrogen and an electronegative atom not
covalently bound to the hydrogen may be present when the hydrogen
atom is at a distance of about 2.5 angstroms to about 3.8 angstroms
from the not-covalently bound electronegative atom, and the angle
formed by the three atoms (electronegative atom covalently bound to
hydrogen, hydrogen, and electronegative atom not-covalently bound
electronegative atom) deviates from 180 degrees by about 45 degrees
or less. The distance between the hydrogen atom and the
not-covalently bound electronegative atom may be referred to herein
as the "hydrogen bond length," and the angle formed by the three
atoms (electronegative atom covalently bound to hydrogen, hydrogen,
and electronegative atom not-covalently bound electronegative atom)
may be referred to herein as the "hydrogen bond angle." In some
instances, stronger hydrogen bonds are formed when the hydrogen
bond length is shorter; thus, in some instances, hydrogen bond
lengths may range from about 2.7 angstroms to about 3.6 angstroms,
or about 2.9 angstroms to about 3.4 angstroms. In some instances,
stronger hydrogen bonds are formed when the hydrogen bond angle is
closer to being linear; thus, in some instances, hydrogen bond
angles may deviate from 180 degrees by about 25 degrees or less, or
by about 10 degrees or less.
[0154] As used herein, "non-polar interaction" refers to proximity
of non-polar molecules or moieties, or proximity of molecules or
moieties with low polarity, sufficient for van der Waals
interaction between the moieties and/or sufficient to exclude polar
solvent molecules such as water molecules. See, e.g., Stryer et.
al. "Biochemistry", Fith Edition 2002, Freeman & Co. N.Y.
Typically, the distance between atoms (excluding hydrogen atoms) of
non-polar interacting moieties may range from about 2.9 angstroms
to about 6 angstroms. In some instances, the space separating
non-polar interacting moieties is less than the space that would
accommodate a water molecule. As used herein a non-polar moiety or
moiety with low polarity refers to moieties with low dipolar
moments (typically dipolar moments less than the dipolar moment of
O--H bonds of H.sub.2O and N--H bonds of NH.sub.3) and/or moieties
that are not typically present in hydrogen bonding or electrostatic
interactions. Exemplary moieties with low polarity are alkyl,
alkenyl, and unsubstituted aryl moieties.
[0155] As used herein, an NS3 protease S1' pocket moiety refers to
a moiety of the NS3 protease that interacts with the amino acid
positioned one residue C-terminal to the cleavage site of the
substrate polypeptide cleaved by NS3 protease (e.g., the NS3
protease moieties that interact with amino acid S in the
polypeptide substrate DLEVVT-STWVLV, SEQ ID NO:1). Exemplary
moieties include, but are not limited to, atoms of the peptide
backbone or side chains of amino acids Lys136, Gly137, Ser139,
His57, Gly58, Gln41, Ser42, and Phe43, see Yao. et. al., Structure
1999, 7, 1353.
[0156] As used herein, an NS3 protease S2 pocket moiety refers to a
moiety of the NS3 protease that interacts with the amino acid
positioned two residues N-terminal to the cleavage site of the
substrate polypeptide cleaved by NS3 protease (e.g., the NS3
protease moieties that interact with amino acid V in the
polypeptide substrate DLEVVT-STWVLV, SEQ ID NO:1). Exemplary
moieties include, but are not limited to, atoms of the peptide
backbone or side chains of amino acids His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79,
Gln80 and Asp81, see Yao. et. al., Structure 1999, 7, 1353.
[0157] As used herein, a first moiety "positioned by" a second
moiety refers to the spatial orientation of a first moiety as
determined by the properties of a second moiety to which the first
atom or moiety is covalently bound. For example, a phenyl carbon
may position an oxygen atom bonded to the phenyl carbon in a
spatial position such that the oxygen atom hydrogen bonds with a
hydroxyl moiety in an NS3 active site.
[0158] Before the embodiments are further described, it is to be
understood that this invention is not limited to particular
embodiments described, as such may, of course, vary. It is also to
be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose
of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to
be limiting.
[0159] Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that
each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit
unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper
and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening
value in that stated range is encompassed within the embodiments.
The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may
independently be included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed
within the embodiments, subject to any specifically excluded limit
in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of
the limits, ranges excluding either both of those included limits
are also included in the embodiments.
[0160] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments belong. Although
any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described
herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the
embodiments, the preferred methods and materials are now described.
All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by
reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in
connection with which the publications are cited.
[0161] It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended
claims, the singular forms "a," "and," and "the" include plural
referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for
example, reference to "a method" includes a plurality of such
methods and reference to "a dose" includes reference to one or more
doses and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art,
and so forth.
[0162] The publications discussed herein are provided solely for
their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present
application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that
the present invention is not entitled to antedate such publication
by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates of publication
provided may be different from the actual publication dates which
may need to be independently confirmed.
[0163] The embodiments provide compounds of Formulas I-XIX, as well
as pharmaceutical compositions and formulations comprising any
compound of Formulas I-XIX. A subject compound is useful for
treating flaviviral infection, such as HCV infection and other
disorders, as discussed below.
Compositions
[0164] Various embodiments of compositions are described below. For
ease of discussion, the description of these embodiments is divided
into Sections A, B, C, D and E. Various terms that may be defined
within a particular Section are understood to apply within that
Section, and also to apply elsewhere herein when reference to that
particular Section is made. Likewise, any references within a
Section to a particular number or label should be understood in the
context of the corresponding numbering or labeling scheme used
within that Section, rather than in the context of a possibly
similar or identical numbering or labeling scheme used in an
unrelated section, unless otherwise indicated.
Section A
[0165] Section A embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula I:
##STR00013##
[0166] wherein:
[0167] Q is a core ring selected from:
##STR00014##
[0168] wherein the core ring can be unsubstituted or substituted
with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, substituted
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.6 or aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl,
furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, phenoxy, thiophenoxy, sulphonamido,
urea, thiourea, amido, keto, carboxyl, carbamyl, sulphide,
sulphoxide, sulphone, amino, alkoxyamino, alkyoxyheterocyclyl,
alkylamino, alkylcarboxy, carbonyl, spirocyclic cyclopropyl,
spirocyclic cyclobutyl, spirocyclic cyclopentyl, or spirocyclic
cyclohexyl,
[0169] or Q is R.sup.1-R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridine,
pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene,
thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole,
naphthyl, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole,
benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each
optionally substituted with up to three NR.sup.6R.sup.7, halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; and R.sup.2 is H, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine,
pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole,
oxazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl,
quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole,
benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each
optionally substituted with up to three NR.sup.6R.sup.7, halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0170] R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, said phenyl or
benzyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0171] R.sup.5 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
or (CO)CHR.sup.21NH(CO)R.sup.22;
[0172] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0173] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or
phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups; or R.sup.8
is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or R.sup.8 is a
tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4 position of the
tetrahydropyranyl ring;
[0174] Y is a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl, or R.sup.9 is NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b or R.sup.9 is
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.9 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups, NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b, or (CO)OH, or R.sup.9 is a heteroaromatic ring
optionally substituted up to two times with halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; or Y is a carboxylic acid or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof;
[0175] wherein R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, or
phenyl,
[0176] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H and
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro,
[0177] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H,
heterocycle, which is a five-, six-, or seven-membered, saturated
or unsaturated heterocyclic molecule, containing from one to four
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen,
and sulfur,
[0178] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a three- to six-membered alkyl
cyclic secondary amine, which optionally has one to three hetero
atoms incorporated in the ring, and which is optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
amido, or phenyl,
[0179] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a heteroaryl selected from the group
consisting of:
##STR00015##
[0180] wherein R.sup.1c is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkoxy, NO.sub.2,
N(R.sup.1d).sub.2, NH(CO)R.sup.1d, or NH(CO)NHR.sup.1d, wherein
each R.sup.1d is independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl,
[0181] or R.sup.1c is NH(CO)OR.sup.1e, wherein R.sup.1e is
C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl;
[0182] p=0 or 1;
[0183] V is selected from O, S, or NH;
[0184] when V is O or S, W is selected from O, NR.sup.15, or
CR.sup.15; when V is NH, W is selected from NR.sup.15 or CR.sup.15,
where R.sup.15 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0185] the dashed lines represent an optional double bond;
[0186] R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or phenyl; or R.sup.21 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.21 is pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
phenoxy, or thiophenoxy; and
[0187] R.sup.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or phenyl.
[0188] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula I, in which the core ring
is
##STR00016##
[0189] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula I, in which the core ring
is
##STR00017##
[0190] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula I, in which the core ring
is
##STR00018##
[0191] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula Ia:
##STR00019##
[0192] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula Ib:
##STR00020##
[0193] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula Ic:
##STR00021##
[0194] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula Id:
##STR00022##
[0195] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula Ie:
##STR00023##
[0196] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula If:
##STR00024##
[0197] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula Ig:
##STR00025##
[0198] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula Ih:
##STR00026##
[0199] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula Ii:
##STR00027##
[0200] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula Ij:
##STR00028##
[0201] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula Iz:
##STR00029##
[0202] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula I, in which Y is sulfonimide
of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9, where R.sup.9 is selected
from the group consisting of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, and NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b, wherein R.sup.1a
and R.sup.1b are each independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl.
[0203] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula I, in which the C13-C14 double
bond is cis.
[0204] In preferred embodiments, Section A embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula I, in which the C13-C14 double
bond is trans.
[0205] In certain embodiments, the compounds of general Formula I
do not include the compounds disclosed in PCT/US04/33970. For
example, in certain embodiments, the compounds of general Formula I
do not include the compounds of Formulas II, III, and IV in Section
B below.
Section B
[0206] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formulas II, III, and IV:
##STR00030##
[0207] wherein:
[0208] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl,
furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, phenoxy, thiophenoxy,
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.6R.sup.7, NHC(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
NHC(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, NHC(O)R.sup.8, NHC(O)OR.sup.8,
SO.sub.mR.sup.8, NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, O(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7,
or O(CH.sub.2).sub.nR.sup.9 where R.sup.9 is imidazolyl or
pyrazolyl; said thienyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, thiazolyl and oxazolyl
in the definition of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are optionally substituted
by up to two halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10
aryl, pyridyl, phenoxy and thiophenoxy in the definition of R.sup.1
and R.sup.2 are optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0209] m=0, 1, or 2;
[0210] R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl phenyl or benzyl, said phenyl or benzyl
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0211] R.sup.5 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
or (CO)CHR.sup.21NH(CO)R.sup.22;
[0212] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0213] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5
fluoro groups; or R.sup.8 is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through
the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or
R.sup.8 is a tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydropyranyl ring;
[0214] Y is a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl, or R.sup.9 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.9 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5
fluoro groups, NR.sup.6R.sup.7, or (CO)OH, or R.sup.9 is a
heteroaromatic ring optionally substituted up to two times with
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; or Y is a
carboxylic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or
prodrug thereof;
[0215] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or
10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro, (CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14 where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all
optionally substituted from one to three times with halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6
or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of
R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together
with the carbon to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11
are combined as O;
[0216] p=0 or 1;
[0217] R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or
10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro, (CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14 where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all
optionally substituted from one to three times with halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6
or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of
R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are taken together
with the carbon to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; or R.sup.12 and R.sup.13
are each independently C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with
(CH.sub.2).sub.nOR.sup.8;
[0218] R.sup.20 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or (CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14
where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0219] n=1-4;
[0220] V is selected from O, S, or NH;
[0221] when V is O or S, W is selected from O, NR.sup.15, or
CR.sup.15; when V is NH, W is selected from NR.sup.15 or CR.sup.15,
where R.sup.15 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0222] the dashed line represents an optional double bond;
[0223] R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or phenyl; or R.sup.21 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.21 is pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
phenoxy, or thiophenoxy; and
[0224] R.sup.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or phenyl.
[0225] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula II,
##STR00031##
[0226] wherein:
[0227] R.sup.1 is H, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0228] R.sup.2 is H, O(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7,
O(CH.sub.2).sub.nR.sup.16, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said R.sup.6 and
R.sup.7 in the definition of R.sup.2 being each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl; or said R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 in the definition of
R.sup.2 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached
form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, or
morpholinyl;
[0229] n=1-3;
[0230] R.sup.4=H;
[0231] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7 or C(O)OR.sup.8, said
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 in the definition of R.sup.5 being each
independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl;
[0232] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all of which are optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups; or R.sup.8 is a
tetrahydrofuran ring linked through the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 position
of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or R.sup.8 is a tetrahydropyranyl ring
linked through the C.sub.4 position of the tetrahydropyranyl
ring;
[0233] Y is a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all of which are optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or phenyl;
[0234] R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are H;
[0235] p 0 or 1;
[0236] V=O; and
[0237] W is selected from O, NH, or CH.sub.2.
[0238] In preferred embodiments, Section B embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formulas II, III, and IV, in which p
may be 0. In preferred embodiments, Section B embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formulas II, III, and IV, in which p
may be 1.
[0239] In preferred embodiments, Section B embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formulas II, III, and IV, in which
either or both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are H. In some embodiments, p
is 0. In other embodiments p is 1.
[0240] In preferred embodiments, Section B embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formulas II, III, and IV, in which
neither R.sup.1 nor R.sup.2 is H. In some embodiments, p is 0. In
other embodiments, p is 1.
[0241] In preferred embodiments, Section B embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formulas II, III, and IV, in which
R.sup.2 is O(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7 or
O(CH.sub.2).sub.nR.sup.16.
[0242] In preferred embodiments, Section B embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formulas II, III, and IV in which
R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or
phenyl.
[0243] In preferred embodiments, Section B embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formulas II, III, and IV in which
R.sup.9 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up
to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro.
[0244] In preferred embodiments, Section B embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formulas II, III, and IV in which
R.sup.9 is a heteroaromatic ring optionally substituted up to two
times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy.
[0245] In preferred embodiments, Section B embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formulas II, III, and IV in which
R.sup.9 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5
fluoro groups, NR.sup.6R.sup.7, or (CO)OH.
[0246] In preferred embodiments, Section B embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formulas II, III, and IV in which the
dashed line in Formula (II), (III), or (IV) represents a single
bond.
[0247] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula II:
##STR00032##
[0248] wherein:
[0249] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl,
furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, phenoxy, thiophenoxy,
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.6R.sup.7, NHC(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
NHC(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, NHC(O)R.sup.8, NHC(O)OR.sup.8,
SO.sub.mR.sup.8, NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
O(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, or O(CH.sub.2).sub.nR.sup.16
where R.sup.16 is imidazolyl or pyrazolyl; said thienyl, pyrimidyl,
furanyl, thiazolyl and oxazolyl in the definition of R.sup.1 and
R.sup.2 are optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, pyridyl, phenoxy, and
thiophenoxy in the definition of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0250] m=0, 1, or 2;
[0251] R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, said phenyl or
benzyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0252] R.sup.5 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
or (CO)CHR.sup.21NH(CO)R.sup.22;
[0253] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0254] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5
fluoro groups; or R.sup.8 is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through
the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or
R.sup.8 is a tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydropyranyl ring;
[0255] Y is a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or
phenyl, or R.sup.9 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or R.sup.9 is a
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups,
NR.sup.6R.sup.7, or (CO)OH, or R.sup.9 is a heteroaromatic ring
optionally substituted up to two times with halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy; or Y is a carboxylic acid or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof;
[0256] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or
10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro, (CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7,
or (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14 where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are
all optionally substituted from one to three times with halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of
R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together
with the carbon to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11
are combined as O;
[0257] p=0 or 1;
[0258] R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or
10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro, (CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7,
or (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14 where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are
all optionally substituted from one to three times with halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of
R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are taken together
with the carbon to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, or R.sup.12 and R.sup.13
are each independently C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with
(CH.sub.2).sub.nOR.sup.8;
[0259] R.sup.20 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, or (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14
where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0260] n=0-4;
[0261] V is selected from O, S, or NH;
[0262] when V is O or S, W is selected from O, NR.sup.15, or
CR.sup.15; when V is NH, W is selected from NR.sup.15 or CR.sup.15,
where R.sup.15 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0263] the dashed line represents an optional double bond;
[0264] R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or phenyl; or R.sup.21 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.21 is pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
phenoxy, or thiophenoxy; and
[0265] R.sup.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or phenyl.
[0266] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula IIa:
##STR00033##
[0267] wherein:
[0268] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0269] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, or
C(O)OR.sup.8;
[0270] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or
phenyl;
[0271] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, or 3-tetrahydrofuryl.
[0272] Y is a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-3
alkoxy, or Y is a carboxylic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof;
[0273] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H or C.sub.1-3
alkyl, or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together with the carbon
to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl;
[0274] W is selected from O or NH; and
[0275] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0276] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula IIIa:
##STR00034##
[0277] wherein:
[0278] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0279] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, or
C(O)OR.sup.8;
[0280] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, or 3-tetrahydrofuryl.
[0281] Y is a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-3
alkoxy, or Y is a carboxylic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof;
[0282] W is selected from O or NH; and
[0283] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0284] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula IIb:
##STR00035##
[0285] wherein:
[0286] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0287] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)OR.sup.8 or C(O)NHR.sup.8;
[0288] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.5-6 cycloalkyl, or
3-tetrahydrofuryl;
[0289] R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0290] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H or C.sub.1-3
alkyl, or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together with the carbon
to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl;
[0291] W is selected from O or NH; and
[0292] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0293] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula IIIb:
##STR00036##
[0294] wherein:
[0295] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0296] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)OR.sup.8 or C(O)NHR.sup.8;
[0297] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.5-6 cycloalkyl, or
3-tetrahydrofuryl;
[0298] R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-5 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0299] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H, C.sub.1-3
alkyl, or C.sub.4-5 cycloalkyl;
[0300] W is selected from O or NH; and
[0301] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0302] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula IIc:
##STR00037##
[0303] wherein:
[0304] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, chloro,
fluoro, cyano, hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0305] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)OR.sup.8 or C(O)NHR.sup.8;
[0306] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.5-6 cycloalkyl;
[0307] R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0308] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H or C.sub.1-3
alkyl, or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together with the carbon
to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl;
and
[0309] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0310] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula IIIc:
##STR00038##
[0311] wherein:
[0312] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, chloro,
fluoro, cyano, hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0313] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)OR.sup.8 or C(O)NHR.sup.8;
[0314] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.5-6 cycloalkyl;
[0315] R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy; and
[0316] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0317] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula IIId:
##STR00039##
[0318] wherein:
[0319] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0320] R.sup.4 is H;
[0321] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, or
C(O)OR.sup.8;
[0322] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, or 3-tetrahydrofuryl;
[0323] Y is a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-3
alkoxy, or Y is a carboxylic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof;
[0324] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H or C.sub.1-3
alkyl, or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together with the carbon
to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl;
[0325] R.sup.20 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, or (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14
where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0326] W is selected from O or NH; and
[0327] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0328] Section B embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula IVa:
##STR00040##
[0329] wherein:
[0330] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0331] R.sup.4 is H;
[0332] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, or
C(O)OR.sup.8;
[0333] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, or 3-tetrahydrofuryl;
[0334] Y is a sulfonimide of the formula --C(O)NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-3
alkoxy, or Y is a carboxylic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof;
[0335] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H or C.sub.1-3
alkyl, or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together with the carbon
to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl;
[0336] R.sup.20 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, and (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14
where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0337] W is selected from O or NH;
[0338] the dashed line represents an optional double bond; and
[0339] where Z is a fused or appended aryl or heteroaryl ring
system.
Section C
[0340] Section C embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula XI.
##STR00041##
[0341] wherein:
[0342] R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which
are all optionally substituted from one to three times with halo,
cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, or phenyl;
[0343] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H or C.sub.6
or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0344] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H or
heterocycle, which is a five-, six-, or seven-membered, saturated
or unsaturated heterocyclic molecule, containing from one to four
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen
and sulfur;
[0345] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a three- to six-membered alkyl
cyclic secondary amine, which optionally has one to three hetero
atoms incorporated in the ring, and which is optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
amido, or phenyl;
[0346] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a heteroaryl selected from the group
consisting of:
##STR00042##
[0347] wherein R.sup.1c is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkoxy, NO.sub.2,
N(R.sup.1d).sub.2, NH(CO)R.sup.1d, or NH(CO)NHR.sup.1d, wherein
each R.sup.1d is independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl;
[0348] or R.sup.1c is NH(CO)OR.sup.1e wherein R.sup.1e is C.sub.1-6
alkyl or C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl;
[0349] W is O or NH;
[0350] V is selected from O, S, or NH;
[0351] when V is O or S, W is selected from O, NR.sup.15, or
CR.sup.15; when V is NH, W is selected from NR.sup.15 or CR.sup.15,
where R.sup.15 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0352] R.sup.2 is a bicyclic secondary amine with the structure
of:
##STR00043##
[0353] wherein R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 are each independently H,
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl,
furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, phenoxy, thiophenoxy,
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.6R.sup.7, NHC(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
NHC(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, NHC(O)R.sup.8, NHC(O)OR.sup.8,
SO.sub.mR.sup.8 (m=0, 1 or 2), or NHS(O).sub.2R.sup.8; said
thienyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl, thiazolyl and oxazolyl in the
definition of R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 are optionally substituted by
up to two halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10
aryl, pyridyl, phenoxy, and thiophenoxy in the definition of
R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 are optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0354] wherein R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, or (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14
where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together with the carbon to which
they are attached to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or
cyclohexyl; or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are combined as O;
[0355] wherein p=0 or 1;
[0356] wherein R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7, (CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14
where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; said
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are taken together with the carbon to which
they are attached to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or
cyclohexyl;
[0357] wherein R.sup.20 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, (CH.sub.2).sub.nNR.sup.6R.sup.7,
(CH.sub.2).sub.nC(O)OR.sup.14 where R.sup.14 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all
optionally substituted from one to three times with halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.14 is C.sub.6
or 10 aryl which is optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro; said C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, in the definition of
R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is optionally substituted by up to three
halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[0358] wherein n=0-4;
[0359] wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl
or phenyl, said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0360] or R.sup.2 is R.sup.2a-R.sup.2b when W=NH and V=O,
wherein
[0361] R.sup.2a is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine,
pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, oxazole,
imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl, quinoline,
isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole, benzothiophene,
benzofuran, indole, benzimidazole, each optionally substituted with
up to three NR.sup.2cR.sup.2d, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0362] R.sup.2b is H, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine,
pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, oxazole,
imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl, quinoline,
isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole, benzothiophene,
benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each optionally substituted
with up to three NR.sup.2cR.sup.2d, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0363] said R.sup.2c and R.sup.2d are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl
or phenyl, said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.2c and R.sup.2d are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0364] R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl, said phenyl optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0365] R.sup.5 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, or
S(O).sub.2R.sup.8;
[0366] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
and
[0367] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0368] Section C embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula XII.
##STR00044##
[0369] wherein:
[0370] R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which
are all optionally substituted from one to three times with halo,
cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, or phenyl;
[0371] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H or
heteroaryl selected from a group consisting of:
##STR00045##
[0372] wherein R.sup.1c is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkoxy, NO.sub.2,
N(R.sup.1d).sub.2, NH(CO)R.sup.1d, or NH(CO)NHR.sup.1d, wherein
each R.sup.1d is independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl;
[0373] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a three- to six-membered alkyl
cyclic secondary amine, which optionally has one to three hetero
atoms incorporated in the ring, and which is optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
amido, or phenyl;
[0374] R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0375] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, or
C(O)OR.sup.8;
[0376] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or
phenyl;
[0377] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, or 3-tetrahydrofuryl;
[0378] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H, halo, or
C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together with
the carbon to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl;
[0379] R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are each independently H, halo,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 halo atoms; and
[0380] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0381] Section C embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula XIII.
##STR00046##
[0382] wherein:
[0383] R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are
all optionally substituted from one to three times with halo,
cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, or phenyl;
[0384] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H or
heteroaryl selected from a group consisting of:
##STR00047##
[0385] wherein R.sup.1c is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkoxy, NO.sub.2,
N(R.sup.1d).sub.2, NH(CO)R.sup.1d, or NH(CO)NHR.sup.1d, wherein
each R.sup.1d is independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl;
[0386] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a three- to six-membered alkyl
cyclic secondary amine, which optionally has one to three hetero
atoms incorporated in the ring, and which is optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
amido or phenyl;
[0387] R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0388] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, or
C(O)OR.sup.8;
[0389] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or
phenyl;
[0390] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, or 3-tetrahydrofuryl; and
[0391] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0392] Section C embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula XIV.
##STR00048##
[0393] wherein:
[0394] R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are
all optionally substituted from one to three times with halo,
cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, amido, or phenyl;
[0395] or R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are each independently H or
heteroaryl selected from a group consisting of:
##STR00049##
[0396] wherein R.sup.1c is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkoxy, NO.sub.2,
N(R.sup.1d).sub.2, NH(CO)R.sup.1d, or NH(CO)NHR.sup.1d, wherein
each R.sup.1d is independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl;
[0397] or NR.sup.1aR.sup.1b is a three- to six-membered alkyl
cyclic secondary amine, which optionally has one to three hetero
atoms incorporated in the ring, and which is optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
amido, or phenyl;
[0398] R.sup.2a is C.sub.6 or C.sub.10 aryl optionally substituted
with up to three NR.sup.2cR.sup.2d, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0399] said R.sup.2c and R.sup.2d are each independently H,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
or phenyl, said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo,
cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.2c and R.sup.2d are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0400] or R.sup.2a is an unsaturated five- or six-membered
heteroaryl, or such defined heteroaryl fused to another cycle be it
heterocycle or any other cycle;
[0401] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, or
C(O)OR.sup.8;
[0402] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or
phenyl;
[0403] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, or 3-tetrahydrofuryl; and
[0404] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0405] Section C embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula XV.
##STR00050##
[0406] wherein:
[0407] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, halo, cyano,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0408] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)OR.sup.8 or C(O)NHR.sup.8;
[0409] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.5-6 cycloalkyl, or
3-tetrahydrofuryl;
[0410] R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-5 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0411] W is selected from O or NH; and
[0412] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0413] Section C embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula XVI.
##STR00051##
[0414] wherein:
[0415] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, chloro,
fluoro, cyano, hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0416] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)OR.sup.8 or C(O)NHR.sup.8;
[0417] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.5-6 cycloalkyl;
[0418] R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0419] R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently H or C.sub.1-3
alkyl, or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are taken together with the carbon
to which they are attached to form cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl;
and
[0420] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
[0421] Section C embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula XVII.
##STR00052##
[0422] wherein:
[0423] R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H, chloro,
fluoro, cyano, hydroxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy;
[0424] R.sup.5 is H, C(O)OR.sup.8 or C(O)NHR.sup.8;
[0425] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.5-6 cycloalkyl;
[0426] R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy; and
[0427] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
Section D
[0428] Section D embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula XVIII:
##STR00053##
[0429] wherein:
[0430] R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine,
pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, oxazole,
imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl, quinoline,
isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole, benzothiophene,
benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each optionally substituted
with up to three NR.sup.5R.sup.6, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0431] R.sup.2 is H, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine,
pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, oxazole,
imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl, quinoline,
isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole, benzothiophene,
benzofuran, indole, or benzimidazole, each optionally substituted
with up to three NR.sup.5R.sup.6, halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxyl-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0432] R.sup.3 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl, said phenyl optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0433] R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.5R.sup.6,
C(S)NR.sup.5R.sup.6, C(O)R.sup.7, C(O)OR.sup.7, or
S(O).sub.2R.sup.7;
[0434] R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[0435] R.sup.7 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.7 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[0436] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl, or phenyl
which is optionally substituted by up to two halo, cyano, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-3 alkyl, or C.sub.1-3 alkoxy; and
[0437] the dashed line represents an optional double bond.
Section E
[0438] Section E embodiments provide compounds having the general
Formula XIX:
##STR00054##
[0439] wherein:
[0440] Z is a group configured to hydrogen bond to an NS3 protease
His57 imidazole moiety and to hydrogen bond to a NS3 protease
Gly137 nitrogen atom;
[0441] P.sub.1' is a group configured to form a non-polar
interaction with at least one NS3 protease S1' pocket moiety
selected from the group consisting of Lys136, Gly137, Ser139,
His57, Gly58, Gln41, Ser42, and Phe43;
[0442] L is a linker group consisting of from 1 to 5 atoms selected
from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen,
and sulfur;
[0443] P.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of
unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl,
substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heterocyclic and substituted
heterocyclic; P.sub.2 being positioned by L to form a non-polar
interaction with at least one NS3 protease S2 pocket moiety
selected from the group consisting of His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79,
Gln80 and Asp81;
[0444] the dashed line represents an optional double bond;
[0445] R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of
C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7 and C(O)OR.sup.8;
[0446] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl; and
[0447] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or
phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups; or R.sup.8
is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or R.sup.8 is a
tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4 position of the
tetrahydropyranyl ring.
[0448] As used herein, "hydrogen bond" refers to an attractive
force between an electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen,
sulfur or halogen) and a hydrogen atom which is linked covalently
to another electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
or halogen). See, e.g., Stryer et. al. "Biochemistry", Fith Edition
2002, Freeman & Co. N.Y. Typically, the hydrogen bond is
between a hydrogen atom and two unshared electrons of another atom.
A hydrogen bond between hydrogen and an electronegative atom not
covalently bound to the hydrogen may be present when the hydrogen
atom is at a distance of about 2.5 angstrom to about 3.8 angstrom
from the not-covalently bound electronegative atom, and the angle
formed by the three atoms (electronegative atom covalently bound to
hydrogen, hydrogen, and electronegative atom not-covalently bound
electronegative atom) deviates from 180 degrees by about 45 degrees
or less. The distance between the hydrogen atom and the
not-covalently bound electronegative atom may be referred to herein
as the "hydrogen bond length," and the angle formed by the three
atoms (electronegative atom covalently bound to hydrogen, hydrogen,
and electronegative atom not-covalently bound electronegative atom)
may be referred to herein as the "hydrogen bond angle." In some
instances, stronger hydrogen bonds are formed when the hydrogen
bond length is shorter; thus, in some instances, hydrogen bond
lengths may range from about 2.7 angstroms to about 3.6 angstroms,
or about 2.9 angstroms to about 3.4 angstroms. In some instances,
stronger hydrogen bonds are formed when the hydrogenbond angle is
closer to linear; thus, in some instances, hydrogen bond angles may
deviate from 180 degrees by about 25 degrees or less, or by about
10 degrees or less.
[0449] As used herein, non-polar interaction refers to proximity of
non-polar molecules or moieties, or proximity of molecules or
moieties with low polarity, sufficient for van der Waals
interaction between the moieties and/or sufficient to exclude polar
solvent molecules such as water molecules. See, e.g., Stryer et.
al. "Biochemistry", Fifth Edition 2002, Freeman & Co. N.Y.
Typically, the distance between atoms (excluding hydrogen atoms) of
non-polar interacting moieties may range from about 2.9 angstroms
to about 6 angstroms. In some instances, the space separating
non-polar interacting moieties is less than the space that would
accommodate a water molecule. As used herein a non-polar moiety or
moiety with low polarity refers to moieties with low dipolar
moments (typically dipolar moments less than the dipolar moment of
O--H bonds of H.sub.2O and N--H bonds of NH.sub.3) and/or moieties
that are not typically present in hydrogen bonding or electrostatic
interactions. Exemplary moieties with low polarity are alkyl,
alkenyl, and unsubstituted aryl moieties.
[0450] As used herein, an NS3 protease S1' pocket moiety refers to
a moiety of the NS3 protease that interacts with the amino acid
positioned one residue C-terminal to the cleavage site of the
substrate polypeptide cleaved by NS3 protease (e.g., the NS3
protease moieties that interact with amino acid S in the
polypeptide substrate DLEVVT-STWVLV, SEQ ID NO:1). Exemplary
moieties include, but are not limited to, atoms of the peptide
backbone or side chains of amino acids Lys136, Gly137, Ser139,
His57, Gly58, Gln41, Ser42, and Phe43, see Yao. et. al., Structure
1999, 7, 1353.
[0451] As used herein, an NS3 protease S2 pocket moiety refers to a
moiety of the NS3 protease that interacts with the amino acid
positioned two residues N-terminal to the cleavage site of the
substrate polypeptide cleaved by NS3 protease (e.g., the NS3
protease moieties that interact with amino acid V in the
polypeptide substrate DLEVVT-STWVLV, SEQ ID NO:1). Exemplary
moieties include, but are not limited to, atoms of the peptide
backbone or side chains of amino acids His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79,
Gln80 and Asp81, see Yao. et. al., Structure 1999, 7, 1353.
[0452] As used herein, a first moiety "positioned by" a second
moiety refers to the spatial orientation of a first moiety as
determined by the properties of a second moiety to which the first
atom or moiety is covalently bound. For example, a phenyl carbon
may position an oxygen atom bonded to the phenyl carbon in a
spatial position such that the oxygen atom hydrogen bonds with a
hydroxyl moiety in an NS3 active site.
[0453] Also provided herein are compounds containing moieties
configured to interact with particular regions, particular amino
acid residues, or particular atoms of NS3 protease. Some compounds
provided herein contain one or more moieties configured to form a
hydrogen bond with NS3 protease at a particular region, amino acid
residue, or atom. Some compounds provided herein contain one or
more moieties configured to form a non-polar interaction with NS3
protease at a particular region, amino acid residue, or atom. For
example, the compound having the general Formula XIX may contain
one or more moieties that form a hydrogen bond with a peptide
backbone atom or side chain moiety located in the substrate binding
pocket of NS3 protease. In another example, the compound having the
general Formula XIX may contain one or more moieties that form
non-polar interactions with peptide backbone or side chain atom or
atoms located in the substrate binding pocket of NS3 protease. In
the compound of formula XIX, the dashed line between carbons 13 and
14 may be a single bond or a double bond.
[0454] As provided in the compound having the general formula XIX,
Z may be configured to form a hydrogen bond with a peptide backbone
atom or side chain moiety located in the substrate binding pocket
of NS3 protease, including, but not limited to, NS3 protease His57
imidazole moiety and NS3 protease Gly137 nitrogen atom. In some
instances, Z may be configured to form a hydrogen bond with both
the NS3 protease His57 imidazole moiety and the NS3 protease Gly137
nitrogen atom.
[0455] The P.sub.1' group of the compound having the general
formula XIX may be configured to form a non-polar interaction with
peptide backbone or side chain atom or atoms located in the
substrate binding pocket of NS3 protease, including, but not
limited to amino acid residues that form the NS3 protease S1'
pocket. For example the P.sub.1' group may form a non-polar
interaction with at least one amino acid selected from Lys136,
Gly137, Ser139, His57, Gly58, Gln41, Ser42, and Phe43.
[0456] The P.sub.2 group of the compound having the general formula
XIX may be configured to form a non-polar interaction with peptide
backbone or side chain atom or atoms located in the substrate
binding pocket of NS3 protease, including, but not limited to amino
acid residues that form the NS3 protease S2 pocket. For example the
P.sub.2 group may form a non-polar interaction with at least one
amino acid selected from His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79, Gln80 and
Asp81. The P.sub.2 group also may be configured to form a hydrogen
bond with peptide backbone or side chain atom or atoms located in
the substrate binding pocket of NS3 protease, including, but not
limited to amino acid residues that form the NS3 protease S2
pocket. For example the P.sub.2 group may form a hydrogen bond with
at least one amino acid selected from His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79,
Gln80 and Asp81. In some instances, P.sub.2 may form both a
non-polar interaction and a hydrogen bond with peptide backbone or
side chain moieties or atoms located in the substrate binding
pocket of NS3 protease, such amino acids selected from His57,
Arg155, Val78, Asp79, Gln80 and Asp81. Such hydrogen bond and
non-polar interactions may occur with the same amino acid residue
or with different amino acid residues in the NS3 protease S2
pocket. In some embodiments, P.sub.2 may be selected from the group
consisting of unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted
heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heterocyclic and
substituted heterocyclic.
[0457] In some embodiments, the position of the P.sub.2 group is
determined by the linker L. For example, P.sub.2 may be positioned
by linker L to form a non-polar interaction with peptide backbone
or side chain atom or atoms located in the substrate binding pocket
of NS3 protease, including, but not limited to amino acid residues
that form the NS3 protease S2 pocket. For example the P.sub.2 group
may be positioned by L to form a non-polar interaction with at
least one amino acid selected from His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79,
Gln80 and Asp81. In another example, P.sub.2 may be positioned by
linker L to form a hydrogen bond with peptide backbone or side
chain atom or atoms located in the substrate binding pocket of NS3
protease, including, but not limited to amino acid residues that
form the NS3 protease S2 pocket. For example the P.sub.2 group may
be positioned by L to form a hydrogen bond with at least one amino
acid selected from His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79, Gln80 and Asp81. In
some instances, P.sub.2 may be positioned to form both a non-polar
interaction and a hydrogen bond peptide backbone or side chain atom
or atoms located in the substrate binding pocket of NS3 protease,
such as an amino acid selected from His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79,
Gln80 and Asp81. Such hydrogen bond and non-polar interactions may
occur with the same amino acid residue or with different amino acid
residues in the NS3 protease S2 pocket.
[0458] As provided in the compound having the general formula XIX,
L may be a linker group that links P.sub.2 to the heterocyclic
backbone of the compound of formula XIX. Linker L may contain any
of a variety of atoms and moieties suitable for positioning P.sub.2
in the NS3 protease substrate binding pocket. In one embodiment, L
may contain 1 to 5 atoms selected from the group consisting of
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulfur. In another
embodiment, L may contain 2 to 5 atoms selected from the group
consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulfur. For
example, L may contain a group having the formula --W--C(.dbd.V)--,
where V and W are each individually selected from O, S or NH.
Specific exemplary groups for L include, but are not limited to,
ester, amide, carbamate, thioester, and thioamide.
[0459] The compound of formula XIX also may contain an R.sup.5
group, where the R.sup.5 group may contain a carboxyl moiety.
Exemplary carboxyl moieties of R.sup.5 include C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7
and C(O)OR.sup.8 where R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently
H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl or phenyl, said phenyl optionally substituted by up
to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with
up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the
nitrogen to which they are attached to form indolinyl,
pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl; and where
R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or
phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups; or R.sup.8
is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or R.sup.8 is a
tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4 position of the
tetrahydropyranyl ring
[0460] In some embodiments, several bonds of the compound of
formula XIX may have a particular chirality.
[0461] Section E embodiments provide compounds wherein the C13-C14
double bond is cis. Section E embodiments provide compounds wherein
the C13-C14 double bond is trans.
[0462] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIX, in which L consists of
from 2 to 5 atoms.
[0463] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIX, in which L comprises a
--W--C(.dbd.V)-- group, where V and W are each individually
selected from O, S or NH.
[0464] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIX, in which L is selected
from the group consisting of ester, amide, carbamate, thioester,
and thioamide.
[0465] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIX, in which P.sub.2 is
further positioned by L to form a hydrogen bonding interaction with
at least one NS3 protease S2 pocket moiety selected from the group
consisting of His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79, Gln80 and Asp81.
[0466] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the formula XIXa:
##STR00055##
[0467] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIXa, in which L consists of
from 2 to 5 atoms.
[0468] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIXa, in which L comprises a
--W--C(.dbd.V)-- group, where V and W are each individually
selected from O, S, or NH.
[0469] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIXa, in which L is selected
from the group consisting of ester, amide, carbamate, thioester,
and thioamide.
[0470] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIXa, in which P.sub.2 is
further positioned by L to form a hydrogen bonding interaction with
at least one NS3 protease S2 pocket moiety selected from the group
consisting of His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79, Gln80 and Asp81.
[0471] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIX, in which P.sub.2 is
##STR00056##
[0472] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the formula XIXb:
##STR00057##
[0473] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIXb, in which L consists of
from 2 to 5 atoms.
[0474] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIXb, in which L comprises a
--W--C(.dbd.V)-- group, where V and W are each individually
selected from O, S, or NH.
[0475] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIXb, in which L is selected
from the group consisting of ester, amide, carbamate, thioester,
and thioamide.
[0476] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIXb, in which P.sub.2 is
further positioned by L to form a hydrogen bonding interaction with
at least one NS3 protease S2 pocket moiety selected from the group
consisting of His57, Arg155, Val78, Asp79, Gln80 and Asp81.
[0477] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIXb, wherein the C13-C14
double bond is cis.
[0478] In preferred embodiments, Section E embodiments provide
compounds having the general Formula XIXb, wherein the C13-C14
double bond is trans.
[0479] Compounds of the Formula XIX may be prepared in the same
general manner as the compounds of the Formulas I-XVII.
[0480] In certain embodiments, the compounds of general Formula XIX
do not include the compounds disclosed in PCT/US04/33970. For
example, in certain embodiments, the compounds of general Formula I
do not include the compounds of Formulas II, III, and IV in Section
B above.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0481] The embodiments further provide compositions, including
pharmaceutical compositions, comprising compounds of the general
formulas I-XIX, and salts, esters, or other derivatives thereof. A
subject pharmaceutical composition comprises a subject compound;
and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. A wide variety of
pharmaceutically acceptable excipients is known in the art and need
not be discussed in detail herein. Pharmaceutically acceptable
excipients have been amply described in a variety of publications,
including, for example, A. Gennaro (2000) "Remington: The Science
and Practice of Pharmacy," 20th edition, Lippincott, Williams,
& Wilkins; Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
Systems (1999) H. C. Ansel et al., eds., 7.sup.th ed., Lippincott,
Williams, & Wilkins; and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients
(2000) A. H. Kibbe et al., eds., 3.sup.rd ed. Amer. Pharmaceutical
Assoc.
[0482] The pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as
vehicles, adjuvants, carriers or diluents, are readily available to
the public. Moreover, pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary
substances, such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity
adjusting agents, stabilizers, wetting agents and the like, are
readily available to the public. Examples of suitable
pharmaceutical composition embodiments and methods for making them
are described in greater detail below.
Inhibiting Enzymatic Activity of a Flavivirus
[0483] In many embodiments, a subject compound inhibits the
enzymatic activity of a flavirus. Whether a subject compound
inhibits flavivirus may be readily determined using any known
method. Flaviviral infections include those caused by flaviviruses
including, but not limited to, hepatitis virus C, West Nile Virus,
GB virus, Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue virus and Yellow Fever
virus. In many embodiments, a subject compound inhibits the
enzymatic activity of a hepatitis virus C(HCV) protease NS3.
Whether a subject compound inhibits HCV NS3 may be readily
determined using any known method. Typical methods involve a
determination of whether an HCV polyprotein or other polypeptide
comprising an NS3 recognition site is cleaved by NS3 in the
presence of the agent. In many embodiments, a subject compound
inhibits NS3 enzymatic activity by at least about 10%, at least
about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about
30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at
least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90%, or
more, compared to the enzymatic activity of NS3 in the absence of
the compound.
[0484] In many embodiments, a subject compound inhibits enzymatic
activity of an HCV NS3 protease with an IC.sub.50 of less than
about 50 .mu.M, e.g., a subject compound inhibits an HCV NS3
protease with an IC.sub.50 of less than about 40 .mu.M, less than
about 25 .mu.M, less than about 10 .mu.M, less than about 1 .mu.M,
less than about 100 nM, less than about 80 nM, less than about 60
nM, less than about 50 nM, less than about 25 nM, less than about
10 nM, or less than about 1 nM, or less.
[0485] In many embodiments, a subject compound inhibits HCV viral
replication. For example, a subject compound inhibits HCV viral
replication by at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least
about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about
40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at
least about 80%, or at least about 90%, or more, compared to HCV
viral replication in the absence of the compound. Whether a subject
compound inhibits HCV viral replication may be determined using
methods known in the art, including an in vitro viral replication
assay.
Treating a Flaviviral Infection
[0486] The methods and compositions described herein are generally
useful in treatment of a flaviviral infection.
[0487] Whether a subject method is effective in treating a
flaviviral infection may be determined by a reduction in viral
load, a reduction in time to seroconversion (virus undetectable in
patient serum), an increase in the rate of sustained viral response
to therapy, a reduction of morbidity or mortality in clinical
outcomes, or other indicator of disease response.
[0488] In general, an effective amount of a compound of formulas
I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is
an amount that is effective to reduce viral load or achieve a
sustained viral response to therapy.
[0489] Whether a subject method is effective in treating a
flaviviral infection may be determined by measuring viral load, or
by measuring a parameter associated with a flaviviral infection,
including, but not limited to, liver fibrosis, elevations in serum
transaminase levels, and necroinflammatory activity in the liver.
Indicators of liver fibrosis are discussed in detail below.
[0490] The method involves administering an effective amount of a
compound of formulas I-XIX, optionally in combination with an
effective amount of one or more additional antiviral agents. In
some embodiments, an effective amount of a compound of formulas
I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is
an amount that is effective to reduce viral titers to undetectable
levels, e.g., to about 1000 to about 5000, to about 500 to about
1000, or to about 100 to about 500 genome copies/mL serum. In some
embodiments, an effective amount of a compound of formulas I-XIX,
and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is an
amount that is effective to reduce viral load to lower than 100
genome copies/mL serum.
[0491] In some embodiments, an effective amount of a compound of
formulas I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral
agents, is an amount that is effective to achieve a 1.5-log, a
2-log, a 2.5-log, a 3-log, a 3.5-log, a 4-log, a 4.5-log, or a
5-log reduction in viral titer in the serum of the individual.
[0492] In many embodiments, an effective amount of a compound of
formulas I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral
agents, is an amount that is effective to achieve a sustained viral
response, e.g., no detectable HCV RNA (e.g., less than about 500,
less than about 400, less than about 200, or less than about 100
genome copies per milliliter serum) is found in the patient's serum
for a period of at least about one month, at least about two
months, at least about three months, at least about four months, at
least about five months, or at least about six months following
cessation of therapy.
[0493] As noted above, whether a subject method is effective in
treating a flaviviral infection may be determined by measuring a
parameter associated with a flaviviral infection, such as liver
fibrosis. Methods of determining the extent of liver fibrosis are
discussed in detail below. In some embodiments, the level of a
serum marker of liver fibrosis indicates the degree of liver
fibrosis.
[0494] As one non-limiting example, levels of serum alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) are measured, using standard assays. In
general, an ALT level of less than about 45 international units is
considered normal. In some embodiments, an effective amount of a
compound of formulas I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional
antiviral agents, is an amount effective to reduce ALT levels to
less than about 45 IU/ml serum.
[0495] A therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulas
I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is
an amount that is effective to reduce a serum level of a marker of
liver fibrosis by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least
about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about
40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at
least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least
about 75%, or at least about 80%, or more, compared to the level of
the marker in an untreated individual, or to a placebo-treated
individual. Methods of measuring serum markers include
immunological-based methods, e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assays (ELISA), radioimmunoassays, and the like, using antibody
specific for a given serum marker.
[0496] In many embodiments, an effective amount of a compound of
formulas I-XIX and an additional antiviral agent is synergistic
amount. As used herein, a "synergistic combination" or a
"synergistic amount" of a compound of formulas I-XIX and an
additional antiviral agent is a combined dosage that is more
effective in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of an HCV
infection than the incremental improvement in treatment outcome
that could be predicted or expected from a merely additive
combination of (i) the therapeutic or prophylactic benefit of the
compound of formulas I-XIX when administered at that same dosage as
a monotherapy and (ii) the therapeutic or prophylactic benefit of
the additional antiviral agent when administered at the same dosage
as a monotherapy.
[0497] In some embodiments, a selected amount of a compound of
formulas I-XIX and a selected amount of an additional antiviral
agent are effective when used in combination therapy for a disease,
but the selected amount of the compound of formulas I-XIX and/or
the selected amount of the additional antiviral agent is
ineffective when used in monotherapy for the disease. Thus, the
embodiments encompass (1) regimens in which a selected amount of
the additional antiviral agent enhances the therapeutic benefit of
a selected amount of the compound of formulas I-XIX when used in
combination therapy for a disease, where the selected amount of the
additional antiviral agent provides no therapeutic benefit when
used in monotherapy for the disease (2) regimens in which a
selected amount of the compound of formulas I-XIX enhances the
therapeutic benefit of a selected amount of the additional
antiviral agent when used in combination therapy for a disease,
where the selected amount of the compound of formulas I-XIX
provides no therapeutic benefit when used in monotherapy for the
disease and (3) regimens in which a selected amount of the compound
of formula I and a selected amount of the additional antiviral
agent provide a therapeutic benefit when used in combination
therapy for a disease, where each of the selected amounts of the
compound of formulas I-XIX and the additional antiviral agent,
respectively, provides no therapeutic benefit when used in
monotherapy for the disease. As used herein, a "synergistically
effective amount" of a compound of formulas I-XIX and an additional
antiviral agent, and its grammatical equivalents, shall be
understood to include any regimen encompassed by any of (1)-(3)
above.
Treating a Hepatitis Virus Infection
[0498] The methods and compositions described herein are generally
useful in treatment of an HCV infection.
[0499] Whether a subject method is effective in treating an HCV
infection may be determined by a reduction in viral load, a
reduction in time to seroconversion (virus undetectable in patient
serum), an increase in the rate of sustained viral response to
therapy, a reduction of morbidity or mortality in clinical
outcomes, or other indicator of disease response.
[0500] In general, an effective amount of a compound of formulas
I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is
an amount that is effective to reduce viral load or achieve a
sustained viral response to therapy.
[0501] Whether a subject method is effective in treating an HCV
infection may be determined by measuring viral load, or by
measuring a parameter associated with HCV infection, including, but
not limited to, liver fibrosis, elevations in serum transaminase
levels, and necroinflammatory activity in the liver. Indicators of
liver fibrosis are discussed in detail below.
[0502] The method involves administering an effective amount of a
compound of formulas I-XIX, optionally in combination with an
effective amount of one or more additional antiviral agents. In
some embodiments, an effective amount of a compound of formulas
I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is
an amount that is effective to reduce viral titers to undetectable
levels, e.g., to about 1000 to about 5000, to about 500 to about
1000, or to about 100 to about 500 genome copies/mL serum. In some
embodiments, an effective amount of a compound of formulas I-XIX,
and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is an
amount that is effective to reduce viral load to lower than 100
genome copies/mL serum.
[0503] In some embodiments, an effective amount of a compound of
formulas I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral
agents, is an amount that is effective to achieve a 1.5-log, a
2-log, a 2.5-log, a 3-log, a 3.5-log, a 4-log, a 4.5-log, or a
5-log reduction in viral titer in the serum of the individual.
[0504] In many embodiments, an effective amount of a compound of
formulas I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral
agents, is an amount that is effective to achieve a sustained viral
response, e.g., no detectable HCV RNA (e.g., less than about 500,
less than about 400, less than about 200, or less than about 100
genome copies per milliliter serum) is found in the patient's serum
for a period of at least about one month, at least about two
months, at least about three months, at least about four months, at
least about five months, or at least about six months following
cessation of therapy.
[0505] As noted above, whether a subject method is effective in
treating an HCV infection may be determined by measuring a
parameter associated with HCV infection, such as liver fibrosis.
Methods of determining the extent of liver fibrosis are discussed
in detail below. In some embodiments, the level of a serum marker
of liver fibrosis indicates the degree of liver fibrosis.
[0506] As one non-limiting example, levels of serum alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) are measured, using standard assays. In
general, an ALT level of less than about 45 international units is
considered normal. In some embodiments, an effective amount of a
compound of formulas I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional
antiviral agents, is an amount effective to reduce ALT levels to
less than about 45 IU/ml serum.
[0507] A therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulas
I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is
an amount that is effective to reduce a serum level of a marker of
liver fibrosis by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least
about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about
40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at
least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least
about 75%, or at least about 80%, or more, compared to the level of
the marker in an untreated individual, or to a placebo-treated
individual. Methods of measuring serum markers include
immunological-based methods, e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assays (ELISA), radioimmunoassays, and the like, using antibody
specific for a given serum marker.
[0508] In many embodiments, an effective amount of a compound of
formulas I-XIX and an additional antiviral agent is synergistic
amount. As used herein, a "synergistic combination" or a
"synergistic amount" of a compound of formulas I-XIX and an
additional antiviral agent is a combined dosage that is more
effective in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of an HCV
infection than the incremental improvement in treatment outcome
that could be predicted or expected from a merely additive
combination of (i) the therapeutic or prophylactic benefit of the
compound of formulas I-XIX when administered at that same dosage as
a monotherapy and (ii) the therapeutic or prophylactic benefit of
the additional antiviral agent when administered at the same dosage
as a monotherapy.
[0509] In some embodiments, a selected amount of a compound of
formulas I-XIX and a selected amount of an additional antiviral
agent are effective when used in combination therapy for a disease,
but the selected amount of the compound of formulas I-XIX and/or
the selected amount of the additional antiviral agent is
ineffective when used in monotherapy for the disease. Thus, the
embodiments encompass (1) regimens in which a selected amount of
the additional antiviral agent enhances the therapeutic benefit of
a selected amount of the compound of formulas I-XIX when used in
combination therapy for a disease, where the selected amount of the
additional antiviral agent provides no therapeutic benefit when
used in monotherapy for the disease (2) regimens in which a
selected amount of the compound of formulas I-XIX enhances the
therapeutic benefit of a selected amount of the additional
antiviral agent when used in combination therapy for a disease,
where the selected amount of the compound of formulas I-XIX
provides no therapeutic benefit when used in monotherapy for the
disease and (3) regimens in which a selected amount of the compound
of formula I and a selected amount of the additional antiviral
agent provide a therapeutic benefit when used in combination
therapy for a disease, where each of the selected amounts of the
compound of formulas I-XIX and the additional antiviral agent,
respectively, provides no therapeutic benefit when used in
monotherapy for the disease. As used herein, a "synergistically
effective amount" of a compound of formulas I-XIX and an additional
antiviral agent, and its grammatical equivalents, shall be
understood to include any regimen encompassed by any of (1)-(3)
above.
Treating Fibrosis
[0510] The embodiments provide methods for treating liver fibrosis
(including forms of liver fibrosis resulting from, or associated
with, HCV infection), generally involving administering a
therapeutic amount of a compound of formulas I-XIX, and optionally
one or more additional antiviral agents. Effective amounts of
compounds of formulas I-XIX, with and without one or more
additional antiviral agents, as well as dosing regimens, are as
discussed below.
[0511] Whether treatment with a compound of formulas I-XIX, and
optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is effective in
reducing liver fibrosis is determined by any of a number of
well-established techniques for measuring liver fibrosis and liver
function. Liver fibrosis reduction is determined by analyzing a
liver biopsy sample. An analysis of a liver biopsy comprises
assessments of two major components: necroinflammation assessed by
"grade" as a measure of the severity and ongoing disease activity,
and the lesions of fibrosis and parenchymal or vascular remodeling
as assessed by "stage" as being reflective of long-term disease
progression. See, e.g., Brunt (2000) Hepatol. 31:241-246; and
METAVIR (1994) Hepatology 20:15-20. Based on analysis of the liver
biopsy, a score is assigned. A number of standardized scoring
systems exist which provide a quantitative assessment of the degree
and severity of fibrosis. These include the METAVIR, Knodell,
Scheuer, Ludwig, and Ishak scoring systems.
[0512] The METAVIR scoring system is based on an analysis of
various features of a liver biopsy, including fibrosis (portal
fibrosis, centrilobular fibrosis, and cirrhosis); necrosis
(piecemeal and lobular necrosis, acidophilic retraction, and
ballooning degeneration); inflammation (portal tract inflammation,
portal lymphoid aggregates, and distribution of portal
inflammation); bile duct changes; and the Knodell index (scores of
periportal necrosis, lobular necrosis, portal inflammation,
fibrosis, and overall disease activity). The definitions of each
stage in the METAVIR system are as follows: score: 0, no fibrosis;
score: 1, stellate enlargement of portal tract but without septa
formation; score: 2, enlargement of portal tract with rare septa
formation; score: 3, numerous septa without cirrhosis; and score:
4, cirrhosis.
[0513] Knodell's scoring system, also called the Hepatitis Activity
Index, classifies specimens based on scores in four categories of
histologic features: I. Periportal and/or bridging necrosis; II.
Intralobular degeneration and focal necrosis; III. Portal
inflammation; and IV. Fibrosis. In the Knodell staging system,
scores are as follows: score: 0, no fibrosis; score: 1, mild
fibrosis (fibrous portal expansion); score: 2, moderate fibrosis;
score: 3, severe fibrosis (bridging fibrosis); and score: 4,
cirrhosis. The higher the score, the more severe the liver tissue
damage. Knodell (1981) Hepatol. 1:431.
[0514] In the Scheuer scoring system scores are as follows: score:
0, no fibrosis; score: 1, enlarged, fibrotic portal tracts; score:
2, periportal or portal-portal septa, but intact architecture;
score: 3, fibrosis with architectural distortion, but no obvious
cirrhosis; score: 4, probable or definite cirrhosis. Scheuer (1991)
J. Hepatol. 13:372.
[0515] The Ishak scoring system is described in Ishak (1995) J.
Hepatol. 22:696-699. Stage 0, No fibrosis; Stage 1, Fibrous
expansion of some portal areas, with or without short fibrous
septa; stage 2, Fibrous expansion of most portal areas, with or
without short fibrous septa; stage 3, Fibrous expansion of most
portal areas with occasional portal to portal (P-P) bridging; stage
4, Fibrous expansion of portal areas with marked bridging (P-P) as
well as portal-central (P-C); stage 5, Marked bridging (P-P and/or
P-C) with occasional nodules (incomplete cirrhosis); stage 6,
Cirrhosis, probable or definite.
[0516] The benefit of anti-fibrotic therapy may also be measured
and assessed by using the Child-Pugh scoring system which comprises
a multicomponent point system based upon abnormalities in serum
bilirubin level, serum albumin level, prothrombin time, the
presence and severity of ascites, and the presence and severity of
encephalopathy. Based upon the presence and severity of abnormality
of these parameters, patients may be placed in one of three
categories of increasing severity of clinical disease: A, B, or
C.
[0517] In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a
compound of formula I, and optionally one or more additional
antiviral agents, is an amount that effects a change of one unit or
more in the fibrosis stage based on pre- and post-therapy liver
biopsies. In particular embodiments, a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound of formulas I-XIX, and optionally one or more
additional antiviral agents, reduces liver fibrosis by at least one
unit in the METAVIR, the Knodell, the Scheuer, the Ludwig, or the
Ishak scoring system.
[0518] Secondary, or indirect, indices of liver function may also
be used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with a compound of
formulas I-XIX. Morphometric computerized semi-automated assessment
of the quantitative degree of liver fibrosis based upon specific
staining of collagen and/or serum markers of liver fibrosis may
also be measured as an indication of the efficacy of a subject
treatment method. Secondary indices of liver function include, but
are not limited to, serum transaminase levels, prothrombin time,
bilirubin, platelet count, portal pressure, albumin level, and
assessment of the Child-Pugh score.
[0519] An effective amount of a compound of formulas I-XIX, and
optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is an amount
that is effective to increase an index of liver function by at
least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least
about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about
45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at
least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, or at
least about 80%, or more, compared to the index of liver function
in an untreated individual, or to a placebo-treated individual.
Those skilled in the art may readily measure such indices of liver
function, using standard assay methods, many of which are
commercially available, and are used routinely in clinical
settings.
[0520] Serum markers of liver fibrosis may also be measured as an
indication of the efficacy of a subject treatment method. Serum
markers of liver fibrosis include, but are not limited to,
hyaluronate, N-terminal procollagen III peptide, 7S domain of type
IV collagen, C-terminal procollagen I peptide, and laminin.
Additional biochemical markers of liver fibrosis include
.alpha.-2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, gamma globulin,
apolipoprotein A, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase.
[0521] A therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulas
I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is
an amount that is effective to reduce a serum level of a marker of
liver fibrosis by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least
about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about
40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at
least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least
about 75%, or at least about 80%, or more, compared to the level of
the marker in an untreated individual, or to a placebo-treated
individual. Those skilled in the art may readily measure such serum
markers of liver fibrosis, using standard assay methods, many of
which are commercially available, and are used routinely in
clinical settings. Methods of measuring serum markers include
immunological-based methods, e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assays (ELISA), radioimmunoassays, and the like, using antibody
specific for a given serum marker.
[0522] Quantitative tests of functional liver reserve may also be
used to assess the efficacy of treatment with an interferon
receptor agonist and pirfenidone (or a pirfenidone analog). These
include: indocyanine green clearance (ICG), galactose elimination
capacity (GEC), aminopyrine breath test (ABT), antipyrine
clearance, monoethylglycine-xylidide (MEG-X) clearance, and
caffeine clearance.
[0523] As used herein, a "complication associated with cirrhosis of
the liver" refers to a disorder that is a sequellae of
decompensated liver disease, i.e., or occurs subsequently to and as
a result of development of liver fibrosis, and includes, but it not
limited to, development of ascites, variceal bleeding, portal
hypertension, jaundice, progressive liver insufficiency,
encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure requiring
liver transplantation, and liver-related mortality.
[0524] A therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulas
I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is
an amount that is effective in reducing the incidence (e.g., the
likelihood that an individual will develop) of a disorder
associated with cirrhosis of the liver by at least about 10%, at
least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least
about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about
50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at
least about 70%, at least about 75%, or at least about 80%, or
more, compared to an untreated individual, or to a placebo-treated
individual.
[0525] Whether treatment with a compound of formulas I-XIX, and
optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is effective in
reducing the incidence of a disorder associated with cirrhosis of
the liver may readily be determined by those skilled in the
art.
[0526] Reduction in liver fibrosis increases liver function. Thus,
the embodiments provide methods for increasing liver function,
generally involving administering a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound of formulas I-XIX, and optionally one or more
additional antiviral agents. Liver functions include, but are not
limited to, synthesis of proteins such as serum proteins (e.g.,
albumin, clotting factors, alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases
(e.g., alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase),
5'-nucleosidase, .gamma.-glutaminyltranspeptidase, etc.), synthesis
of bilirubin, synthesis of cholesterol, and synthesis of bile
acids; a liver metabolic function, including, but not limited to,
carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid and ammonia metabolism, hormone
metabolism, and lipid metabolism; detoxification of exogenous
drugs; a hemodynamic function, including splanchnic and portal
hemodynamics; and the like.
[0527] Whether a liver function is increased is readily
ascertainable by those skilled in the art, using well-established
tests of liver function. Thus, synthesis of markers of liver
function such as albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine
transaminase, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, and the like, may
be assessed by measuring the level of these markers in the serum,
using standard immunological and enzymatic assays. Splanchnic
circulation and portal hemodynamics may be measured by portal wedge
pressure and/or resistance using standard methods. Metabolic
functions may be measured by measuring the level of ammonia in the
serum.
[0528] Whether serum proteins normally secreted by the liver are in
the normal range may be determined by measuring the levels of such
proteins, using standard immunological and enzymatic assays. Those
skilled in the art know the normal ranges for such serum proteins.
The following are non-limiting examples. The normal level of
alanine transaminase is about 45 IU per milliliter of serum. The
normal range of aspartate transaminase is from about 5 to about 40
units per liter of serum. Bilirubin is measured using standard
assays. Normal bilirubin levels are usually less than about 1.2
mg/dL. Serum albumin levels are measured using standard assays.
Normal levels of serum albumin are in the range of from about 35 to
about 55 g/L. Prolongation of prothrombin time is measured using
standard assays. Normal prothrombin time is less than about 4
seconds longer than control.
[0529] A therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulas
I-XIX, and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is
one that is effective to increase liver function by at least about
10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at
least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least
about 80%, or more. For example, a therapeutically effective amount
of a compound of formulas I-XIX, and optionally one or more
additional antiviral agents, is an amount effective to reduce an
elevated level of a serum marker of liver function by at least
about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about
40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at
least about 80%, or more, or to reduce the level of the serum
marker of liver function to within a normal range. A
therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formulas I-XIX,
and optionally one or more additional antiviral agents, is also an
amount effective to increase a reduced level of a serum marker of
liver function by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least
about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about
60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or more, or to
increase the level of the serum marker of liver function to within
a normal range.
Type I Interferon Receptor Agonists
[0530] In any of the above-described methods, in some embodiments a
Type I interferon receptor agonist is administered. Type I
interferon receptor agonists include an IFN-.alpha.; an IFN-.beta.;
an IFN-tau; an IFN-.omega.; antibody agonists specific for a Type I
interferon receptor; and any other agonist of Type I interferon
receptor, including non-polypeptide agonists.
Interferon-Alpha
[0531] Any known IFN-.alpha. may be used in the embodiments. The
term "interferon-alpha" as used herein refers to a family of
related polypeptides that inhibit viral replication and cellular
proliferation and modulate immune response. The term "IFN-.alpha."
includes naturally occurring IFN-.alpha.; synthetic IFN-.alpha.;
derivatized IFN-.alpha. (e.g., PEGylated IFN-.alpha., glycosylated
IFN-.alpha., and the like); and analogs of naturally occurring or
synthetic IFN-.alpha.; essentially any IFN-.alpha. that has
antiviral properties, as described for naturally occurring
IFN-.alpha..
[0532] Suitable alpha interferons include, but are not limited to,
naturally-occurring IFN-.alpha. (including, but not limited to,
naturally occurring IFN-.alpha.2a, IFN-.alpha.2b); recombinant
interferon alpha-2b such as Intron-A interferon available from
Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, N.J.; recombinant interferon
alpha-2a such as Roferon interferon available from Hoffmann-La
Roche, Nutley, N.J.; recombinant interferon alpha-2C such as
Berofor alpha 2 interferon available from Boehringer Ingelheim
Pharmaceutical, Inc., Ridgefield, Conn.; interferon alpha-n1, a
purified blend of natural alpha interferons such as Sumiferon
available from Sumitomo, Japan or as Wellferon interferon alpha-n1
(INS) available from the Glaxo-Wellcome Ltd., London, Great
Britain; and interferon alpha-n3a mixture of natural alpha
interferons made by Interferon Sciences and available from the
Purdue Frederick Co., Norwalk, Conn., under the Alferon
Tradename.
[0533] The term "IFN-.alpha." also encompasses consensus
IFN-.alpha.. Consensus IFN-.alpha. (also referred to as "CIFN" and
"IFN-con" and "consensus interferon") encompasses but is not
limited to the amino acid sequences designated IFN-con1, IFN-con2
and IFN-con3 which are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,695,623 and
4,897,471; and consensus interferon as defined by determination of
a consensus sequence of naturally occurring interferon alphas
(e.g., Infergen.RTM., InterMune, Inc., Brisbane, Calif.). IFN-con1
is the consensus interferon agent in the Infergen.RTM. alfacon-1
product. The Infergen.RTM. consensus interferon product is referred
to herein by its brand name (Infergen.RTM.) or by its generic name
(interferon alfacon-1). DNA sequences encoding IFN-con may be
synthesized as described in the aforementioned patents or other
standard methods. Use of CIFN is of particular interest.
[0534] Also suitable for use in the embodiments are fusion
polypeptides comprising an IFN-.alpha. and a heterologous
polypeptide. Suitable IFN-.alpha. fusion polypeptides include, but
are not limited to, Albuferon-alpha.TM. (a fusion product of human
albumin and IFN-.alpha.; Human Genome Sciences; see, e.g., Osborn
et al. (2002) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 303:540-548). Also
suitable for use in the present embodiments are gene-shuffled forms
of IFN-.alpha.. See., e.g., Masci et al. (2003) Curr. Oncol. Rep.
5:108-113.
PEGylated Interferon-Alpha
[0535] The term "IFN-.alpha." also encompasses derivatives of
IFN-.alpha. that are derivatized (e.g., are chemically modified) to
alter certain properties such as serum half-life. As such, the term
"IFN-.alpha." includes glycosylated IFN-.alpha.; IFN-.alpha.
derivatized with polyethylene glycol ("PEGylated IFN-.alpha."); and
the like. PEGylated IFN-.alpha., and methods for making same, is
discussed in, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,382,657; 5,981,709; and
5,951,974. PEGylated IFN-.alpha. encompasses conjugates of PEG and
any of the above-described IFN-.alpha. molecules, including, but
not limited to, PEG conjugated to interferon alpha-2a (Roferon,
Hoffman La-Roche, Nutley, N.J.), interferon alpha 2b (Intron,
Schering-Plough, Madison, N.J.), interferon alpha-2c (Berofor
Alpha, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany); and consensus
interferon as defined by determination of a consensus sequence of
naturally occurring interferon alphas (Infergen.RTM., InterMune,
Inc., Brisbane, Calif.).
[0536] Any of the above-mentioned IFN-.alpha. polypeptides may be
modified with one or more polyethylene glycol moieties, i.e.,
PEGylated. The PEG molecule of a PEGylated IFN-.alpha. polypeptide
is conjugated to one or more amino acid side chains of the
IFN-.alpha. polypeptide. In some embodiments, the PEGylated
IFN-.alpha. contains a PEG moiety on only one amino acid. In other
embodiments, the PEGylated IFN-.alpha. contains a PEG moiety on two
or more amino acids, e.g., the IFN-.alpha. contains a PEG moiety
attached to two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten
different amino acid residues.
[0537] IFN-.alpha. may be coupled directly to PEG (i.e., without a
linking group) through an amino group, a sulfhydryl group, a
hydroxyl group, or a carboxyl group.
[0538] In some embodiments, the PEGylated IFN-.alpha. is PEGylated
at or near the amino terminus (N-terminus) of the IFN-.alpha.
polypeptide, e.g., the PEG moiety is conjugated to the IFN-.alpha.
polypeptide at one or more amino acid residues from amino acid 1
through amino acid 4, or from amino acid 5 through about 10.
[0539] In other embodiments, the PEGylated IFN-.alpha. is PEGylated
at one or more amino acid residues from about 10 to about 28.
[0540] In other embodiments, the PEGylated IFN-.alpha. is PEGylated
at or near the carboxyl terminus (C-terminus) of the IFN-.alpha.
polypeptide, e.g., at one or more residues from amino acids
156-166, or from amino acids 150 to 155.
[0541] In other embodiments, the PEGylated IFN-.alpha. is PEGylated
at one or more amino acid residues at one or more residues from
amino acids 100-114.
[0542] The polyethylene glycol derivatization of amino acid
residues at or near the receptor-binding and/or active site domains
of the IFN-.alpha. protein may disrupt the functioning of these
domains. In certain embodiments, amino acids at which PEGylation is
to be avoided include amino acid residues from amino acid 30 to
amino acid 40; and amino acid residues from amino acid 113 to amino
acid 149.
[0543] In some embodiments, PEG is attached to IFN-.alpha. via a
linking group. The linking group is any biocompatible linking
group, where "biocompatible" indicates that the compound or group
is non-toxic and may be utilized in vitro or in vivo without
causing injury, sickness, disease, or death. PEG may be bonded to
the linking group, for example, via an ether bond, an ester bond, a
thiol bond or an amide bond. Suitable biocompatible linking groups
include, but are not limited to, an ester group, an amide group, an
imide group, a carbamate group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group,
a carbohydrate, a succinimide group (including, for example,
succinimidyl succinate (SS), succinimidyl propionate (SPA),
succinimidyl butanoate (SBA), succinimidyl carboxymethylate (SCM),
succinimidyl succinamide (SSA) or N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS)), an
epoxide group, an oxycarbonylimidazole group (including, for
example, carbonyldimidazole (CDI)), a nitro phenyl group
(including, for example, nitrophenyl carbonate (NPC) or
trichlorophenyl carbonate (TPC)), a trysylate group, an aldehyde
group, an isocyanate group, a vinylsulfone group, a tyrosine group,
a cysteine group, a histidine group or a primary amine.
[0544] Methods for making succinimidyl propionate (SPA) and
succinimidyl butanoate (SBA) ester-activated PEGs are described in
U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,662 (Harris, et al.) and WO 97/03106.
[0545] Methods for attaching a PEG to an IFN-.alpha. polypeptide
are known in the art, and any known method may be used. See, for
example, by Park et al, Antimaycer Res., 1:373-376 (1981);
Zaplipsky and Lee, Polyethylene Glycol Chemistry: Biotechnical and
Biomedical Applications, J. M. Harris, ed., Plenum Press, NY,
Chapter 21 (1992); U.S. Pat. No. 5,985,265; U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,662
(Harris, et al.) and WO 97/03106.
[0546] Pegylated IFN-.alpha., and methods for making same, is
discussed in, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,382,657; 5,981,709; 5,985,265;
and 5,951,974. Pegylated IFN-.alpha. encompasses conjugates of PEG
and any of the above-described IFN-.alpha. molecules, including,
but not limited to, PEG conjugated to interferon alpha-2a (Roferon,
Hoffman LaRoche, Nutley, N.J.), where PEGylated Roferon is known as
Pegasys (Hoffman LaRoche); interferon alpha 2b (Intron,
Schering-Plough, Madison, N.J.), where PEGylated Intron is known as
PEG-Intron (Schering-Plough); interferon alpha-2c (Berofor Alpha,
Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany); and consensus interferon
(CIFN) as defined by determination of a consensus sequence of
naturally occurring interferon alphas (Infergen.RTM., InterMune,
Inc., Brisbane, Calif.), where PEGylated Infergen is referred to as
PEG-Infergen.
[0547] In many embodiments, the PEG is a monomethoxyPEG molecule
that reacts with primary amine groups on the IFN-.alpha.
polypeptide. Methods of modifying polypeptides with monomethoxy PEG
via reductive alkylation are known in the art. See, e.g., Chamow et
al. (1994) Bioconj. Chem. 5:133-140.
[0548] In one non-limiting example, PEG is linked to IFN-.alpha.
via an SPA linking group. SPA esters of PEG, and methods for making
same, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,662. SPA linkages
provide for linkage to free amine groups on the IFN-.alpha.
polypeptide.
[0549] For example, a PEG molecule is covalently attached via a
linkage that comprises an amide bond between a propionyl group of
the PEG moiety and the epsilon amino group of a surface-exposed
lysine residue in the IFN-.alpha. polypeptide. Such a bond may be
formed, e.g., by condensation of an .alpha.-methoxy, omega
propanoic acid activated ester of PEG (mPEGspa).
[0550] As one non-limiting example, one monopegylated CIFN
conjugate preferred for use herein has a linear PEG moiety of about
30 kD attached via a covalent linkage to the CIFN polypeptide,
where the covalent linkage is an amide bond between a propionyl
group of the PEG moiety and the epsilon amino group of a
surface-exposed lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide, where the
surface-exposed lysine residue is chosen from lys.sup.31,
lys.sup.50, lys.sup.71, lys.sup.84, lys.sup.121, lys.sup.122,
lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165, and the amide bond is
formed by condensation of an .alpha.-methoxy, omega propanoic acid
activated ester of PEG.
Polyethylene Glycol
[0551] Polyethylene glycol suitable for conjugation to an
IFN-.alpha. polypeptide is soluble in water at room temperature,
and has the general formula R(O--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2).sub.nO--R,
where R is hydrogen or a protective group such as an alkyl or an
alkanol group, and where n is an integer from 1 to 1000. Where R is
a protective group, it generally has from 1 to 8 carbons.
[0552] In many embodiments, PEG has at least one hydroxyl group,
e.g., a terminal hydroxyl group, which hydroxyl group is modified
to generate a functional group that is reactive with an amino
group, e.g., an epsilon amino group of a lysine residue, a free
amino group at the N-terminus of a polypeptide, or any other amino
group such as an amino group of asparagine, glutamine, arginine, or
histidine.
[0553] In other embodiments, PEG is derivatized so that it is
reactive with free carboxyl groups in the IFN-.alpha. polypeptide,
e.g., the free carboxyl group at the carboxyl terminus of the
IFN-.alpha. polypeptide. Suitable derivatives of PEG that are
reactive with the free carboxyl group at the carboxyl-terminus of
IFN-.alpha. include, but are not limited to PEG-amine, and
hydrazine derivatives of PEG (e.g., PEG-NH--NH.sub.2).
[0554] In other embodiments, PEG is derivatized such that it
comprises a terminal thiocarboxylic acid group, --COSH, which
selectively reacts with amino groups to generate amide derivatives.
Because of the reactive nature of the thio acid, selectivity of
certain amino groups over others is achieved. For example, --SH
exhibits sufficient leaving group ability in reaction with
N-terminal amino group at appropriate pH conditions such that the
.epsilon.-amino groups in lysine residues are protonated and remain
non-nucleophilic. On the other hand, reactions under suitable pH
conditions may make some of the accessible lysine residues to react
with selectivity.
[0555] In other embodiments, the PEG comprises a reactive ester
such as an N-hydroxy succinimidate at the end of the PEG chain.
Such an N-hydroxysuccinimidate-containing PEG molecule reacts with
select amino groups at particular pH conditions such as neutral
6.5-7.5. For example, the N-terminal amino groups may be
selectively modified under neutral pH conditions. However, if the
reactivity of the reagent were extreme, accessible-NH.sub.2 groups
of lysine may also react.
[0556] The PEG may be conjugated directly to the IFN-.alpha.
polypeptide, or through a linker. In some embodiments, a linker is
added to the IFN-.alpha. polypeptide, forming a linker-modified
IFN-.alpha. polypeptide. Such linkers provide various
functionalities, e.g., reactive groups such sulfhydryl, amino, or
carboxyl groups to couple a PEG reagent to the linker-modified
IFN-.alpha. polypeptide.
[0557] In some embodiments, the PEG conjugated to the IFN-.alpha.
polypeptide is linear. In other embodiments, the PEG conjugated to
the IFN-.alpha. polypeptide is branched. Branched PEG derivatives
such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,575, "star-PEG's"
and multi-armed PEG's such as those described in Shearwater
Polymers, Inc. catalog "Polyethylene Glycol Derivatives 1997-1998."
Star PEGs are described in the art including, e.g., in U.S. Pat.
No. 6,046,305.
[0558] PEG having a molecular weight in a range of from about 2 kDa
to about 100 kDa, is generally used, where the term "about," in the
context of PEG, indicates that in preparations of polyethylene
glycol, some molecules will weigh more, some less, than the stated
molecular weight. For example, PEG suitable for conjugation to
IFN-.alpha. has a molecular weight of from about 2 kDa to about 5
kDa, from about 5 kDa to about 10 kDa, from about 10 kDa to about
15 kDa, from about 15 kDa to about 20 kDa, from about 20 kDa to
about 25 kDa, from about 25 kDa to about 30 kDa, from about 30 kDa
to about 40 kDa, from about 40 kDa to about 50 kDa, from about 50
kDa to about 60 kDa, from about 60 kDa to about 70 kDa, from about
70 kDa to about 80 kDa, from about 80 kDa to about 90 kDa, or from
about 90 kDa to about 100 kDa.
Preparing PEG-IFN-.alpha. Conjugates
[0559] As discussed above, the PEG moiety may be attached, directly
or via a linker, to an amino acid residue at or near the
N-terminus, internally, or at or near the C-terminus of the
IFN-.alpha. polypeptide. Conjugation may be carried out in solution
or in the solid phase.
N-Terminal Linkage
[0560] Methods for attaching a PEG moiety to an amino acid residue
at or near the N-terminus of an IFN-.alpha. polypeptide are known
in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,985,265.
[0561] In some embodiments, known methods for selectively obtaining
an N-terminally chemically modified IFN-.alpha. are used. For
example, a method of protein modification by reductive alkylation
which exploits differential reactivity of different types of
primary amino groups (lysine versus the N-terminus) available for
derivatization in a particular protein may be used. Under the
appropriate reaction conditions, substantially selective
derivatization of the protein at the N-terminus with a carbonyl
group containing polymer is achieved. The reaction is performed at
pH which allows one to take advantage of the pK.sub.a differences
between the .epsilon.-amino groups of the lysine residues and that
of the .alpha.-amino group of the N-terminal residue of the
protein. By such selective derivatization attachment of a PEG
moiety to the IFN-.alpha. is controlled: the conjugation with the
polymer takes place predominantly at the N-terminus of the
IFN-.alpha. and no significant modification of other reactive
groups, such as the lysine side chain amino groups, occurs.
C-Terminal Linkage
[0562] N-terminal-specific coupling procedures such as described in
U.S. Pat. No. 5,985,265 provide predominantly monoPEGylated
products. However, the purification procedures aimed at removing
the excess reagents and minor multiply PEGylated products remove
the N-terminal blocked polypeptides. In terms of therapy, such
processes lead to significant increases in manufacturing costs. For
example, examination of the structure of the well-characterized
Infergen.RTM. Alfacon-1 CIFN polypeptide amino acid sequence
reveals that the clipping is approximate 5% at the carboxyl
terminus and thus there is only one major C-terminal sequence.
Thus, in some embodiments, N-terminally PEGylated IFN-.alpha. is
not used; instead, the IFN-.alpha. polypeptide is C-terminally
PEGylated.
[0563] An effective synthetic as well as therapeutic approach to
obtain mono PEGylated Infergen product is therefore envisioned as
follows:
[0564] A PEG reagent that is selective for the C-terminal may be
prepared with or without spacers. For example, polyethylene glycol
modified as methyl ether at one end and having an amino function at
the other end may be used as the starting material.
[0565] Preparing or obtaining a water-soluble carbodiimide as the
condensing agent may be carried out. Coupling IFN-.alpha. (e.g.,
Infergen.RTM. Alfacon-1 CIFN or consensus interferon) with a
water-soluble carbodiimide as the condensing reagent is generally
carried out in aqueous medium with a suitable buffer system at an
optimal pH to effect the amide linkage. A high molecular weight PEG
may be added to the protein covalently to increase the molecular
weight.
[0566] The reagents selected will depend on process optimization
studies. A non-limiting example of a suitable reagent is EDAC or
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. The water
solubility of EDAC allows for direct addition to a reaction without
the need for prior organic solvent dissolution. Excess reagent and
the isourea formed as the by-product of the cross-linking reaction
are both water-soluble and may easily be removed by dialysis or gel
filtration. A concentrated solution of EDAC in water is prepared to
facilitate the addition of a small molar amount to the reaction.
The stock solution is prepared and used immediately in view of the
water labile nature of the reagent. Most of the synthetic protocols
in literature suggest the optimal reaction medium to be in pH range
between 4.7 and 6.0. However the condensation reactions do proceed
without significant losses in yields up to pH 7.5. Water may be
used as solvent. In view of the contemplated use of Infergen,
preferably the medium will be 2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid
buffer pre-titrated to pH between 4.7 and 6.0. However, 0.1M
phosphate in the pH 7-7.5 may also be used in view of the fact that
the product is in the same buffer. The ratios of PEG amine to the
IFN-.alpha. molecule is optimized such that the C-terminal carboxyl
residue(s) are selectively PEGylated to yield monoPEGylated
derivative(s).
[0567] Even though the use of PEG amine has been mentioned above by
name or structure, such derivatives are meant to be exemplary only,
and other groups such as hydrazine derivatives as in
PEG-NH--NH.sub.2 which will also condense with the carboxyl group
of the IFN-.alpha. protein, may also be used. In addition to
aqueous phase, the reactions may also be conducted on solid phase.
Polyethylene glycol may be selected from list of compounds of
molecular weight ranging from 300-40000. The choice of the various
polyethylene glycols will also be dictated by the coupling
efficiency and the biological performance of the purified
derivative in vitro and in vivo i.e., circulation times, anti viral
activities etc.
[0568] Additionally, suitable spacers may be added to the
C-terminal of the protein. The spacers may have reactive groups
such as SH, NH.sub.2 or COOH to couple with appropriate PEG reagent
to provide the high molecular weight IFN-.alpha. derivatives. A
combined solid/solution phase methodology may be devised for the
preparation of C-terminal pegylated interferons. For example, the
C-terminus of IFN-.alpha. is extended on a solid phase using a
Gly-Gly-Cys-NH.sub.2 spacer and then monopegylated in solution
using activated dithiopyridyl-PEG reagent of appropriate molecular
weights. Since the coupling at the C-terminus is independent of the
blocking at the N-terminus, the envisioned processes and products
will be beneficial with respect to cost (a third of the protein is
not wasted as in N-terminal PEGylation methods) and contribute to
the economy of the therapy to treat virus infection.
[0569] There may be a more reactive carboxyl group of amino acid
residues elsewhere in the molecule to react with the PEG reagent
and lead to monoPEGylation at that site or lead to multiple
PEGylations in addition to the --COOH group at the C-terminus of
the IFN-.alpha.. It is envisioned that these reactions will be
minimal at best owing to the steric freedom at the C-terminal end
of the molecule and the steric hindrance imposed by the
carbodiimides and the PEG reagents such as in branched chain
molecules. It is therefore the preferred mode of PEG modification
for Infergen and similar such proteins, native or expressed in a
host system, which may have blocked N-termini to varying degrees to
improve efficiencies and maintain higher in vivo biological
activity.
[0570] Another method of achieving C-terminal PEGylation is as
follows. Selectivity of C-terminal PEGylation is achieved with a
sterically hindered reagent which excludes reactions at carboxyl
residues either buried in the helices or internally in IFN-.alpha..
For example, one such reagent could be a branched chain PEG
.about.40 kd in molecular weight and this agent could be
synthesized as follows:
[0571]
OH.sub.3C--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O)n-CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2+Glutamic
Acid i.e., HOCO--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH(NH.sub.2)--COOH is condensed
with a suitable agent e.g., dicyclohexyl carbodiimide or
water-soluble EDC to provide the branched chain PEG agent
OH.sub.3C--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.n--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NHCOCH(NH.sub.2)CH.-
sub.2OCH.sub.3--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.n--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2NHCOCH.sub.2.
##STR00058##
[0572] This reagent may be used in excess to couple the amino group
with the free and flexible carboxyl group of IFN-.alpha. to form
the peptide bond.
[0573] If desired, PEGylated IFN-.alpha. is separated from
unPEGylated IFN-.alpha. using any known method, including, but not
limited to, ion exchange chromatography, size exclusion
chromatography, and combinations thereof. For example, where the
PEG-IFN-.alpha. conjugate is a monoPEGylated IFN-.alpha., the
products are first separated by ion exchange chromatography to
obtain material having a charge characteristic of monoPEGylated
material (other multi-PEGylated material having the same apparent
charge may be present), and then the monoPEGylated materials are
separated using size exclusion chromatography.
MonoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated IFN-.alpha.
[0574] PEGylated IFN-.alpha. that is suitable for use in the
embodiments includes a monopegylated consensus interferon (CIFN)
molecule comprised of a single CIFN polypeptide and a single
polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety, where the PEG moiety is linear
and about 30 kD in molecular weight and is directly or indirectly
linked through a stable covalent linkage to either the N-terminal
residue in the CIFN polypeptide or a lysine residue in the CIFN
polypeptide. In some embodiments, the monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated IFN-.alpha. is monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated
consensus IFN-.alpha..
[0575] In some embodiments, the PEG moiety is linked to either the
alpha-amino group of the N-terminal residue in the CIFN polypeptide
or the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue in the CIFN
polypeptide. In further embodiments, the linkage comprises an amide
bond between the PEG moiety and either the alpha-amino group of the
N-terminal residue or the epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue
in the CIFN polypeptide. In still further embodiments, the linkage
comprises an amide bond between a propionyl group of the PEG moiety
and either the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal residue or the
epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide.
In additional embodiments, the amide bond is formed by condensation
of an alpha-methoxy, omega-propanoic acid activated ester of the
PEG moiety and either the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal
residue or the epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue in the
CIFN polypeptide, thereby forming a hydrolytically stable linkage
between the PEG moiety and the CIFN polypeptide.
[0576] In some embodiments, the PEG moiety is linked to the
N-terminal residue in the CIFN polypeptide. In other embodiments,
the PEG moiety is linked to the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal
residue in the CIFN polypeptide. In further embodiments, the
linkage comprises an amide bond between the PEG moiety and the
alpha-amino group of the N-terminal residue in the CIFN
polypeptide. In still further embodiments, the linkage comprises an
amide bond between a propionyl group of the PEG moiety and the
alpha-amino group of the N-terminal residue in the CIFN
polypeptide. In additional embodiments, the amide bond is formed by
condensation of an alpha-methoxy, omega-propanoic acid activated
ester of the PEG moiety and the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal
residue of the CIFN polypeptide.
[0577] In some embodiments, the PEG moiety is linked to a lysine
residue in the CIFN polypeptide. In other embodiments, the PEG
moiety is linked to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue in
the CIFN polypeptide. In further embodiments, the linkage comprises
an amide bond between the PEG moiety and the epsilon-amino group of
the lysine group in the CIFN polypeptide. In still further
embodiments, the linkage comprises an amide bond between a
propionyl group of the PEG moiety and the epsilon-amino group of
the lysine group in the CIFN polypeptide. In additional
embodiments, the amide bond is formed by condensation of an
alpha-methoxy, omega-propanoic acid activated ester of the PEG
moiety and the epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue in the
CIFN polypeptide.
[0578] In some embodiments, the PEG moiety is linked to a
surface-exposed lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide. In other
embodiments, the PEG moiety is linked to the epsilon-amino group of
a surface-exposed lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide. In
further embodiments, the linkage comprises an amide bond between
the PEG moiety and the epsilon-amino group of the surface-exposed
lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide. In still further
embodiments, the linkage comprises an amide bond between a
propionyl group of the PEG moiety and the epsilon-amino group of
the surface-exposed lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide. In
additional embodiments, the amide bond is formed by condensation of
an alpha-methoxy, omega-propanoic acid activated ester of the PEG
moiety and the epsilon-amino group of the surface-exposed lysine
residue in the CIFN polypeptide.
[0579] In some embodiments, the PEG moiety is linked to a lysine
chosen from lys.sup.31, lys.sup.50, lys.sup.71, lys.sup.84,
lys.sup.121, lys.sup.122, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165
of the CIFN polypeptide. In other embodiments, the PEG moiety is
linked to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine chosen from
lys.sup.31, lys.sup.50, lys.sup.71, lys.sup.84, lys.sup.121,
lys.sup.122, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165 of the CIFN
polypeptide. In further embodiments, the linkage comprises an amide
bond between the PEG moiety and the epsilon-amino group of the
chosen lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide. In still further
embodiments, the linkage comprises an amide bond between a
propionyl group of the PEG moiety and the epsilon-amino group of
the chosen lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide. In additional
embodiments, the amide bond is formed by condensation of an
alpha-methoxy, omega-propanoic acid activated ester of the PEG
moiety and the epsilon-amino group of the chosen lysine residue in
the CIFN polypeptide.
[0580] me embodiments, the PEG moiety is linked to a lysine chosen
from lys.sup.121, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165 of the
CIFN polypeptide. In other embodiments, the PEG moiety is linked to
the epsilon-amino group of a lysine chosen from lys.sup.121,
lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165 of the CIFN polypeptide.
In further embodiments, the linkage comprises an amide bond between
the PEG moiety and the epsilon-amino group of the chosen lysine
residue in the CIFN polypeptide. In still further embodiments, the
linkage comprises an amide bond between a propionyl group of the
PEG moiety and the epsilon-amino group of the chosen lysine residue
in the CIFN polypeptide. In additional embodiments, the amide bond
is formed by condensation of an alpha-methoxy, omega-propanoic acid
activated ester of the PEG moiety and the epsilon-amino group of
the chosen lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide.
[0581] In connection with the above-described monopegylated CIFN
molecules, the invention contemplates embodiments of each such
molecule where the CIFN polypeptide is chosen from interferon
alpha-con.sub.1, interferon alpha-con.sub.2, and interferon
alpha-con.sub.3, the amino acid sequences of which CIFN
polypeptides are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,695,623.
Populations of IFN-.alpha.
[0582] In addition, any of the methods of the embodiments may
employ a PEGylated IFN-.alpha. composition that comprises a
population of monopegylated IFN-.alpha. molecules, where the
population consists of one or more species of monopegylated
IFN-.alpha. molecules as described above. The subject composition
comprises a population of modified IFN-.alpha. polypeptides, each
with a single PEG molecule linked to a single amino acid residue of
the polypeptide.
[0583] In some of these embodiments, the population comprises a
mixture of a first IFN-.alpha. polypeptide linked to a PEG molecule
at a first amino acid residue; and at least a second IFN-.alpha.
polypeptide linked to a PEG molecule at a second amino acid
residue, wherein the first and second IFN-.alpha. polypeptides are
the same or different, and wherein the location of the first amino
acid residue in the amino acid sequence of the first IFN-.alpha.
polypeptide is not the same as the location of the second amino
acid residue in the second IFN-.alpha. polypeptide. As one
non-limiting example, a subject composition comprises a population
of PEG-modified IFN-.alpha. polypeptides, the population comprising
an IFN-.alpha. polypeptide linked at its amino terminus to a linear
PEG molecule; and an IFN-.alpha. polypeptide linked to a linear PEG
molecule at a lysine residue.
[0584] Generally, a given modified IFN-.alpha. species represents
from about 0.5% to about 99.5% of the total population of
monopegylated IFN.alpha. polypeptide molecules in a population,
e.g, a given modified IFN-.alpha. species represents about 0.5%,
about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 10%, about
15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about
45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about
75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 99%, or
about 99.5% of the total population of monopegylated IFN-.alpha.
polypeptide molecules in a population. In some embodiments, a
subject composition comprises a population of monopegylated
IFN-.alpha. polypeptides, which population comprises at least about
70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or
at least about 99%, IFN-.alpha. polypeptides linked to PEG at the
same site, e.g., at the N-terminal amino acid.
[0585] In particular embodiments of interest, a subject composition
comprises a population of monopegylated CIFN molecules, the
population consisting of one or more species of molecules, where
each species of molecules is characterized by a single CIFN
polypeptide linked, directly or indirectly in a covalent linkage,
to a single linear PEG moiety of about 30 kD in molecular weight,
and where the linkage is to either a lysine residue in the CIFN
polypeptide, or the N-terminal amino acid residue of the CIFN
polypeptide.
[0586] The amino acid residue to which the PEG is attached is in
many embodiments the N-terminal amino acid residue. In other
embodiments, the PEG moiety is attached (directly or via a linker)
to a surface-exposed lysine residue. In additional embodiments, the
PEG moiety is attached (directly or via a linker) to a lysine
residue chosen from lys.sup.31, lys.sup.50, lys.sup.71, lys.sup.84,
lys.sup.121, lys.sup.122, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165
of the CIFN polypeptide. In further embodiments, the PEG moiety is
attached (directly or via a linker) to a lysine residue chosen from
lys.sup.121, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165 of the CIFN
polypeptide.
[0587] As an example, a subject composition comprises a population
of monopegylated CIFN molecules, consisting of a first
monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules characterized
by a PEG moiety linked at the N-terminal amino acid residue of a
first CIFN polypeptide, and a second monopegylated CIFN polypeptide
species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety linked to a
first lysine residue of a second CIFN polypeptide, where the first
and second CIFN polypeptides are the same or different. A subject
composition may further comprise at least one additional
monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules characterized
by a PEG moiety linked to a lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide,
where the location of the linkage site in each additional
monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species is not the same as the
location of the linkage site in any other species. In all species
in this example, the PEG moiety is a linear PEG moiety having an
average molecular weight of about 30 kD.
[0588] In connection with each of the above-described populations
of monopegylated CIFN molecules, consisting of a first
monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules characterized
by a PEG moiety linked at the N-terminal amino acid residue of a
first CIFN polypeptide, and a second monopegylated CIFN polypeptide
species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety linked to a
first surface-exposed lysine residue of a second CIFN polypeptide,
where the first and second CIFN polypeptides are the same or
different. A subject composition may further comprise at least one
additional monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules
characterized by a PEG moiety linked to a surface-exposed lysine
residue in the CIFN polypeptide, where the location of the linkage
site in each additional monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species is
not the same as the location of the linkage site in any other
species. In all species in this example, the PEG moiety is a linear
PEG moiety having an average molecular weight of about 30 kD.
[0589] As another example, a subject composition comprises a
population of monopegylated CIFN molecules, consisting of a first
monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules characterized
by a PEG moiety linked at the N-terminal amino acid residue of a
first CIFN polypeptide, and a second monopegylated CIFN polypeptide
species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety linked to a
first lysine residue selected from one of lys.sup.31, lys.sup.50,
lys.sup.71, lys.sup.84, lys.sup.121, lys.sup.122, lys.sup.134,
lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165 in a second CIFN polypeptide, where
the first and second CIFN polypeptides are the same or different. A
subject composition may further comprise a third monopegylated CIFN
polypeptide species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety
linked to a second lysine residue selected from one of lys.sup.31,
lys.sup.50, lys.sup.71, lys.sup.84, lys.sup.121, lys.sup.122,
lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165 in a third CIFN
polypeptide, where the third CIFN polypeptide is the same or
different from either of the first and second CIFN polypeptides,
where the second lysine residue is located in a position in the
amino acid sequence of the third CIFN polypeptide that is not the
same as the position of the first lysine residue in the amino acid
sequence of the second CIFN polypeptide. A subject composition may
further comprise at least one additional monopegylated CIFN
polypeptide species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety
linked to one of lys.sup.31, lys.sup.50, lys.sup.71, lys.sup.84,
lys.sup.121, lys.sup.122, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and
lys.sup.165, where the location of the linkage site in each
additional monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species is not the same
as the location of the linkage site in any other species. In all
species in this example, the PEG moiety is a linear PEG moiety
having an average molecular weight of about 30 kD.
[0590] As another example, a subject composition comprises a
population of monopegylated CIFN molecules, consisting of a first
monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules characterized
by a PEG moiety linked at the N-terminal amino acid residue of a
first CIFN polypeptide, and a second monopegylated CIFN polypeptide
species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety linked to a
first lysine residue selected from one of lys.sup.121, lys.sup.134,
lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165 in a second CIFN polypeptide, where
the first and second CIFN polypeptides are the same or different. A
subject composition may further comprise a third monopegylated CIFN
polypeptide species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety
linked to a second lysine residue selected from one of lys.sup.121,
lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165 in a third CIFN
polypeptide, where the third CIFN polypeptide is the same or
different from either of the first and second CIFN polypeptides,
where the second lysine residue is located in a position in the
amino acid sequence of the third CIFN polypeptide that is not the
same as the position of the first lysine residue in the amino acid
sequence of the second CIFN polypeptide. A subject composition may
further comprise at least one additional monopegylated CIFN
polypeptide species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety
linked to one of lys.sup.121, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and
lys.sup.165, where the location of the linkage site in each
additional monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species is not the same
as the location of the linkage site in any other species. In all
species in this example, the PEG moiety is a linear PEG moiety
having an average molecular weight of about 30 kD.
[0591] As another non-limiting example, a subject composition
comprises a population of monopegylated CIFN molecules, consisting
of a first monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules
characterized by a PEG moiety linked to a first lysine residue in a
first CIFN polypeptide; and a second monopegylated CIFN polypeptide
species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety linked at a
second lysine residue in a second CIFN polypeptide, where the first
and second CIFN polypeptides are the same or different, and where
the first lysine is located in a position in the amino acid
sequence of the first CIFN polypeptide that is not the same as the
position of the second lysine residue in the amino acid sequence of
the second CIFN polypeptide. A subject composition may further
comprise at least one additional monopegylated CIFN species of
molecules characterized by a PEG moiety linked to a lysine residue
in the CIFN polypeptide, where the location of the linkage site in
each additional monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species is not the
same as the location of the linkage site in any other species. In
all species in this example, the PEG moiety is a linear PEG moiety
having an average molecular weight of about 30 kD.
[0592] As another non-limiting example, a subject composition
comprises a population of monopegylated CIFN molecules, consisting
of a first monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules
characterized by a PEG moiety linked at a first lysine residue
chosen from lys.sup.31, lys.sup.50, lys.sup.71, lys.sup.84,
lys.sup.121, lys.sup.122, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165
in a first CIFN polypeptide; and a second monopegylated CIFN
polypeptide species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety
linked at a second lysine residue chosen from lys.sup.31,
lys.sup.50, lys.sup.71, lys.sup.84, lys.sup.121, lys.sup.122,
lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165 in a second CIFN
polypeptide, where the first and second CIFN polypeptides are the
same or different, and where the second lysine residue is located
in a position in the amino acid sequence of the second CIFN
polypeptide that is not the same as the position of the first
lysine residue in the first CIFN polypeptide. The composition may
further comprise at least one additional monopegylated CIFN
polypeptide species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety
linked to one of lys.sup.31, lys.sup.50, lys.sup.71, lys.sup.84,
lys.sup.121, lys.sup.122, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135 and lys.sup.165,
where the location of the linkage site in each additional
monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species is not the same as the
location of the linkage site in any other species. In all species
in this example, the PEG moiety is a linear PEG moiety having an
average molecular weight of about 30 kD.
[0593] As another non-limiting example, a subject composition
comprises a population of monopegylated CIFN molecules, consisting
of a first monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules
characterized by a PEG moiety linked at a first lysine residue
chosen from lys.sup.121, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165
in a first CIFN polypeptide; and a second monopegylated CIFN
polypeptide species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety
linked at a second lysine residue chosen from lys.sup.121,
lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and lys.sup.165 in a second CIFN
polypeptide, where the first and second CIFN polypeptides are the
same or different, and where the second lysine residue is located
in a position in the amino acid sequence of the second CIFN
polypeptide that is not the same as the position of the first
lysine residue in the first CIFN polypeptide. The composition may
further comprise at least one additional monopegylated CIFN
polypeptide species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety
linked to one of lys.sup.121, lys.sup.134, lys.sup.135, and
lys.sup.165, where the location of the linkage site in each
additional monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species is not the same
as the location of the linkage site in any other species. In all
species in this example, the PEG moiety is a linear PEG moiety
having an average molecular weight of about 30 kD.
[0594] As another non-limiting example, a subject composition
comprises a monopegylated population of CIFN molecules, consisting
of a first monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules
characterized by a PEG moiety linked to a first surface-exposed
lysine residue in a first CIFN polypeptide; and a second
monopegylated CIFN polypeptide species of molecules characterized
by a PEG moiety linked at a second surface-exposed lysine residue
in a second CIFN polypeptide, where the first and second CIFN
polypeptides are the same or different, and where the first
surface-exposed lysine is located in a position in the amino acid
sequence of the first CIFN polypeptide that is not the same as the
position of the second surface-exposed lysine residue in the amino
acid sequence of the second CIFN polypeptide. A subject composition
may further comprise at least one additional monopegylated CIFN
species of molecules characterized by a PEG moiety linked to a
surface-exposed lysine residue in the CIFN polypeptide, where the
location of the linkage site in each additional monopegylated CIFN
polypeptide species is not the same as the location of the linkage
site in any other species. In all species in this example, the PEG
moiety is a linear PEG moiety having an average molecular weight of
about 30 kD.
[0595] In connection with each of the above-described populations
of monopegylated CIFN molecules, the invention contemplates
embodiments where the molecules in each such population comprise a
CIFN polypeptide chosen from interferon alpha-con.sub.1, interferon
alpha-con.sub.2, and interferon alpha-con.sub.3.
[0596] Certain embodiments further feature a product that is
produced by the process of reacting CIFN polypeptide with a
succinimidyl ester of alpha-methoxy, omega-propionylpoly(ethylene
glycol) (mPEGspa) that is linear and about 30 kD in molecular
weight, where the reactants are initially present at a molar ratio
of about 1:1 to about 1:5 CIFN:mPEGspa, and where the reaction is
conducted at a pH of about 7 to about 9, followed by recovery of
the monopegylated CIFN product of the reaction. In one embodiment,
the reactants are initially present at a molar ratio of about 1:3
CIFN:mPEGspa and the reaction is conducted at a pH of about 8. In
another embodiment where the product is generated by a scaled-up
procedure needed for toxicological and clinical investigations, the
reactants are initially present in a molar ratio of 1:2
CIFN:mPEGspa and the reaction is conducted at a pH of about
8.0.
[0597] In connection with the above-described product-by-process,
the invention contemplates embodiments where the CIFN reactant is
chosen from interferon alpha-con.sub.1, interferon alpha-con.sub.2,
and interferon alpha-con.sub.3.
IFN-.beta.
[0598] The term interferon-beta ("IFN-.beta.") includes IFN-.beta.
polypeptides that are naturally occurring; non-naturally-occurring
IFN-.beta. polypeptides; and analogs of naturally occurring or
non-naturally occurring IFN-.beta. that retain antiviral activity
of a parent naturally-occurring or non-naturally occurring
IFN-.beta..
[0599] Any of a variety of beta interferons may be delivered by the
continuous delivery method of the present embodiments. Suitable
beta interferons include, but are not limited to,
naturally-occurring IFN-.beta.; IFN-.beta.1a, e.g., Avonex.RTM.
(Biogen, Inc.), and Rebif.RTM. (Serono, SA); IFN-.beta.1b
(Betaseron.RTM.; Berlex); and the like.
[0600] The IFN-.beta. formulation may comprise an N-blocked
species, wherein the N-terminal amino acid is acylated with an acyl
group, such as a formyl group, an acetyl group, a malonyl group,
and the like. Also suitable for use is a consensus IFN-.beta..
[0601] IFN-.beta. polypeptides may be produced by any known method.
DNA sequences encoding IFN-.beta. may be synthesized using standard
methods. In many embodiments, IFN-.beta. polypeptides are the
products of expression of manufactured DNA sequences transformed or
transfected into bacterial hosts, e.g., E. coli, or in eukaryotic
host cells (e.g., yeast; mammalian cells, such as CHO cells; and
the like). In these embodiments, the IFN-.beta. is "recombinant
IFN-.beta.". Where the host cell is a bacterial host cell, the
IFN-.beta. is modified to comprise an N-terminal methionine.
[0602] It is to be understood that IFN-.beta. as described herein
may comprise one or more modified amino acid residues, e.g.,
glycosylations, chemical modifications, and the like.
IFN-tau
[0603] The term interferon-tau includes IFN-tau polypeptides that
are naturally occurring; non-naturally-occurring IFN-tau
polypeptides; and analogs of naturally occurring or non-naturally
occurring IFN-tau that retain antiviral activity of a parent
naturally-occurring or non-naturally occurring IFN-tau.
[0604] Suitable tau interferons include, but are not limited to,
naturally-occurring IFN-tau; Tauferon.RTM. (Pepgen Corp.); and the
like.
[0605] IFN-tau may comprise an amino acid sequence as set forth in
any one of GenBank Accession Nos. P15696; P56828; P56832; P56829;
P56831; Q29429; Q28595; Q28594; S08072; Q08071; Q08070; Q08053;
P56830; P28169; P28172; and P28171. The sequence of any known
IFN-tau polypeptide may be altered in various ways known in the art
to generate targeted changes in sequence. A variant polypeptide
will usually be substantially similar to the sequences provided
herein, i.e. will differ by at least one amino acid, and may differ
by at least two but not more than about ten amino acids. The
sequence changes may be substitutions, insertions or deletions.
Conservative amino acid substitutions typically include
substitutions within the following groups: (glycine, alanine);
(valine, isoleucine, leucine); (aspartic acid, glutamic acid);
(asparagine, glutamine); (serine, threonine); (lysine, arginine);
or (phenylalanine, tyrosine).
[0606] Modifications of interest that may or may not alter the
primary amino acid sequence include chemical derivatization of
polypeptides, e.g., acetylation, or carboxylation; changes in amino
acid sequence that introduce or remove a glycosylation site;
changes in amino acid sequence that make the protein susceptible to
PEGylation; and the like. Also included are modifications of
glycosylation, e.g. those made by modifying the glycosylation
patterns of a polypeptide during its synthesis and processing or in
further processing steps; e.g. by exposing the polypeptide to
enzymes that affect glycosylation, such as mammalian glycosylating
or deglycosylating enzymes. Also embraced are sequences that have
phosphorylated amino acid residues, e.g. phosphotyrosine,
phosphoserine, or phosphothreonine.
[0607] The IFN-tau formulation may comprise an N-blocked species,
wherein the N-terminal amino acid is acylated with an acyl group,
such as a formyl group, an acetyl group, a malonyl group, and the
like. Also suitable for use is a consensus IFN-tau.
[0608] IFN-tau polypeptides may be produced by any known method.
DNA sequences encoding IFN-tau may be synthesized using standard
methods. In many embodiments, IFN-tau polypeptides are the products
of expression of manufactured DNA sequences transformed or
transfected into bacterial hosts, e.g., E. coli, or in eukaryotic
host cells (e.g., yeast; mammalian cells, such as CHO cells; and
the like). In these embodiments, the IFN-tau is "recombinant
IFN-tau." Where the host cell is a bacterial host cell, the IFN-tau
is modified to comprise an N-terminal methionine.
[0609] It is to be understood that IFN-tau as described herein may
comprise one or more modified amino acid residues, e.g.,
glycosylations, chemical modifications, and the like.
IFN-.omega.
[0610] The term interferon-omega ("IFN-.omega.") includes
IFN-.omega. polypeptides that are naturally occurring;
non-naturally-occurring IFN-.omega. polypeptides; and analogs of
naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring IFN-.omega. that
retain antiviral activity of a parent naturally-occurring or
non-naturally occurring IFN-.omega..
[0611] Any known omega interferon may be delivered by the
continuous delivery method of the present embodiments. Suitable
IFN-.omega. include, but are not limited to, naturally-occurring
IFN-.omega.; recombinant IFN-.omega., e.g., Biomed 510
(BioMedicines); and the like.
[0612] IFN-.omega. may comprise an amino acid sequence as set forth
in GenBank Accession No. NP.sub.--002168; or AAA70091. The sequence
of any known IFN-.omega. polypeptide may be altered in various ways
known in the art to generate targeted changes in sequence. A
variant polypeptide will usually be substantially similar to the
sequences provided herein, i.e. will differ by at least one amino
acid, and may differ by at least two but not more than about ten
amino acids. The sequence changes may be substitutions, insertions
or deletions. Conservative amino acid substitutions typically
include substitutions within the following groups: (glycine,
alanine); (valine, isoleucine, leucine); (aspartic acid, glutamic
acid); (asparagine, glutamine); (serine, threonine); (lysine,
arginine); or (phenylalanine, tyrosine).
[0613] Modifications of interest that may or may not alter the
primary amino acid sequence include chemical derivatization of
polypeptides, e.g., acetylation, or carboxylation; changes in amino
acid sequence that introduce or remove a glycosylation site;
changes in amino acid sequence that make the protein susceptible to
PEGylation; and the like. Also included are modifications of
glycosylation, e.g. those made by modifying the glycosylation
patterns of a polypeptide during its synthesis and processing or in
further processing steps; e.g. by exposing the polypeptide to
enzymes that affect glycosylation, such as mammalian glycosylating
or deglycosylating enzymes. Also embraced are sequences that have
phosphorylated amino acid residues, e.g. phosphotyrosine,
phosphoserine, or phosphothreonine.
[0614] The IFN-.omega. formulation may comprise an N-blocked
species, wherein the N-terminal amino acid is acylated with an acyl
group, such as a formyl group, an acetyl group, a malonyl group,
and the like. Also suitable for use is a consensus IFN-.omega..
[0615] IFN-.omega. polypeptides may be produced by any known
method. DNA sequences encoding IFN-.omega. may be synthesized using
standard methods. In many embodiments, IFN-.omega. polypeptides are
the products of expression of manufactured DNA sequences
transformed or transfected into bacterial hosts, e.g., E. coli, or
in eukaryotic host cells (e.g., yeast; mammalian cells, such as CHO
cells; and the like). In these embodiments, the IFN-.omega. is
"recombinant IFN-.omega.." Where the host cell is a bacterial host
cell, the IFN-.omega. is modified to comprise an N-terminal
methionine.
[0616] It is to be understood that IFN-.omega. as described herein
may comprise one or more modified amino acid residues, e.g.,
glycosylations, chemical modifications, and the like.
Type III Interferon Receptor Agonists
[0617] In any of the above-described methods, the interferon
receptor agonist is in some embodiments an agonist of a Type III
interferon receptor (e.g., "a Type III interferon agonist"). Type
III interferon agonists include an IL-28b polypeptide; and IL-28a
polypeptide; and IL-29 polypeptide; antibody specific for a Type
III interferon receptor; and any other agonist of Type III
interferon receptor, including non-polypeptide agonists.
[0618] IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 (referred to herein collectively
as "Type III interferons" or "Type III IFNs") are described in
Sheppard et al. (2003) Nature 4:63-68. Each polypeptide binds a
heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL-10 receptor .beta. chain
and an IL-28 receptor .alpha.. Sheppard et al. (2003), supra. The
amino acid sequences of IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 are found under
GenBank Accession Nos. NP-742150, NP.sub.--742151, and
NP.sub.--742152, respectively.
[0619] The amino acid sequence of a Type III IFN polypeptide may be
altered in various ways known in the art to generate targeted
changes in sequence. A variant polypeptide will usually be
substantially similar to the sequences provided herein, i.e. will
differ by at least one amino acid, and may differ by at least two
but not more than about ten amino acids. The sequence changes may
be substitutions, insertions or deletions. Scanning mutations that
systematically introduce alanine, or other residues, may be used to
determine key amino acids. Specific amino acid substitutions of
interest include conservative and non-conservative changes.
Conservative amino acid substitutions typically include
substitutions within the following groups: (glycine, alanine);
(valine, isoleucine, leucine); (aspartic acid, glutamic acid);
(asparagine, glutamine); (serine, threonine); (lysine, arginine);
or (phenylalanine, tyrosine).
[0620] Modifications of interest that may or may not alter the
primary amino acid sequence include chemical derivatization of
polypeptides, e.g., acetylation, or carboxylation; changes in amino
acid sequence that introduce or remove a glycosylation site;
changes in amino acid sequence that make the protein susceptible to
PEGylation; and the like. Also included are modifications of
glycosylation, e.g. those made by modifying the glycosylation
patterns of a polypeptide during its synthesis and processing or in
further processing steps; e.g. by exposing the polypeptide to
enzymes that affect glycosylation, such as mammalian glycosylating
or deglycosylating enzymes. Also embraced are sequences that have
phosphorylated amino acid residues, e.g. phosphotyrosine,
phosphoserine, or phosphothreonine.
[0621] Included in the embodiments are polypeptides that have been
modified using ordinary chemical techniques so as to improve their
resistance to proteolytic degradation, to optimize solubility
properties, or to render them more suitable as a therapeutic agent.
For examples, the backbone of the peptide may be cyclized to
enhance stability (see Friedler et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem.
275:23783-23789). Analogs may be used that include residues other
than naturally occurring L-amino acids, e.g. D-amino acids or
non-naturally occurring synthetic amino acids. The protein may be
pegylated to enhance stability. The polypeptides may be fused to
albumin.
[0622] The polypeptides may be prepared by in vitro synthesis,
using conventional methods as known in the art, by recombinant
methods, or may be isolated from cells induced or naturally
producing the protein. The particular sequence and the manner of
preparation will be determined by convenience, economics, purity
required, and the like. If desired, various groups may be
introduced into the polypeptide during synthesis or during
expression, which allow for linking to other molecules or to a
surface. Thus cysteines may be used to make thioethers, histidines
for linking to a metal ion complex, carboxyl groups for forming
amides or esters, amino groups for forming amides, and the
like.
Type II Interferon Receptor Agonists
[0623] Type II interferon receptor agonists include any
naturally-occurring or non-naturally-occurring ligand of a human
Type II interferon receptor which binds to and causes signal
transduction via the receptor. Type II interferon receptor agonists
include interferons, including naturally-occurring interferons,
modified interferons, synthetic interferons, pegylated interferons,
fusion proteins comprising an interferon and a heterologous
protein, shuffled interferons; antibody specific for an interferon
receptor; non-peptide chemical agonists; and the like.
[0624] A specific example of a Type II interferon receptor agonist
is IFN-.gamma. and variants thereof. While the present embodiments
exemplify use of an IFN-.gamma. polypeptide, it will be readily
apparent that any Type II interferon receptor agonist may be used
in a subject method.
Interferon-Gamma
[0625] The nucleic acid sequences encoding IFN-.gamma. polypeptides
may be accessed from public databases, e.g., Genbank, journal
publications, etc. While various mammalian IFN-.gamma. polypeptides
are of interest, for the treatment of human disease, generally the
human protein will be used. Human IFN-.gamma. coding sequence may
be found in Genbank, accession numbers X13274; V00543; and
NM.sub.--000619. The corresponding genomic sequence may be found in
Genbank, accession numbers J00219; M37265; and V00536. See, for
example. Gray et al. (1982) Nature 295:501 (Genbank X13274); and
Rinderknecht et al. (1984) J.B.C. 259:6790.
[0626] IFN-.gamma.1b (Actimmune.RTM.; human interferon) is a
single-chain polypeptide of 140 amino acids. It is made
recombinantly in E. coli and is unglycosylated. Rinderknecht et al.
(1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259:6790-6797. Recombinant IFN-.gamma. as
discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,497,871 is also suitable for use
herein.
[0627] The IFN-.gamma. to be used in the methods of the present
embodiments may be any of natural IFN-.gamma.s, recombinant
IFN-.gamma.s and the derivatives thereof so far as they have an
IFN-.gamma. activity, particularly human IFN-.gamma. activity.
Human IFN-.gamma. exhibits the antiviral and anti-proliferative
properties characteristic of the interferons, as well as a number
of other immunomodulatory activities, as is known in the art.
Although IFN-.gamma. is based on the sequences as provided above,
the production of the protein and proteolytic processing may result
in processing variants thereof. The unprocessed sequence provided
by Gray et al., supra, consists of 166 amino acids (aa). Although
the recombinant IFN-.gamma. produced in E. coli was originally
believed to be 146 amino acids, (commencing at amino acid 20) it
was subsequently found that native human IFN-.gamma. is cleaved
after residue 23, to produce a 143 aa protein, or 144 aa if the
terminal methionine is present, as required for expression in
bacteria. During purification, the mature protein may additionally
be cleaved at the C terminus after reside 162 (referring to the
Gray et al. sequence), resulting in a protein of 139 amino acids,
or 140 amino acids if the initial methionine is present, e.g. if
required for bacterial expression. The N-terminal methionine is an
artifact encoded by the mRNA translational "start" signal AUG that,
in the particular case of E. coli expression is not processed away.
In other microbial systems or eukaryotic expression systems,
methionine may be removed.
[0628] For use in the subject methods, any of the native
IFN-.gamma. peptides, modifications and variants thereof, or a
combination of one or more peptides may be used. IFN-.gamma.
peptides of interest include fragments, and may be variously
truncated at the carboxyl terminus relative to the full sequence.
Such fragments continue to exhibit the characteristic properties of
human gamma interferon, so long as amino acids 24 to about 149
(numbering from the residues of the unprocessed polypeptide) are
present. Extraneous sequences may be substituted for the amino acid
sequence following amino acid 155 without loss of activity. See,
for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,690,925. Native IFN-.gamma. moieties
include molecules variously extending from amino acid residues
24-150; 24-151, 24-152; 24-153, 24-155; and 24-157. Any of these
variants, and other variants known in the art and having
IFN-.gamma. activity, may be used in the present methods.
[0629] The sequence of the IFN-.gamma. polypeptide may be altered
in various ways known in the art to generate targeted changes in
sequence. A variant polypeptide will usually be substantially
similar to the sequences provided herein, i.e., will differ by at
least one amino acid, and may differ by at least two but not more
than about ten amino acids. The sequence changes may be
substitutions, insertions or deletions. Scanning mutations that
systematically introduce alanine, or other residues, may be used to
determine key amino acids. Specific amino acid substitutions of
interest include conservative and non-conservative changes.
Conservative amino acid substitutions typically include
substitutions within the following groups: (glycine, alanine);
(valine, isoleucine, leucine); (aspartic acid, glutamic acid);
(asparagine, glutamine); (serine, threonine); (lysine, arginine);
or (phenylalanine, tyrosine).
[0630] Modifications of interest that may or may not alter the
primary amino acid sequence include chemical derivatization of
polypeptides, e.g., acetylation, or carboxylation; changes in amino
acid sequence that introduce or remove a glycosylation site;
changes in amino acid sequence that make the protein susceptible to
PEGylation; and the like. One embodiment contemplates the use of
IFN-.gamma. variants with one or more non-naturally occurring
glycosylation and/or pegylation sites that are engineered to
provide glycosyl- and/or PEG-derivatized polypeptides with reduced
serum clearance, such as the IFN-.gamma. polypeptide variants
described in International Patent Publication No. WO 01/36001. Also
included are modifications of glycosylation, e.g., those made by
modifying the glycosylation patterns of a polypeptide during its
synthesis and processing or in further processing steps; e.g., by
exposing the polypeptide to enzymes that affect glycosylation, such
as mammalian glycosylating or deglycosylating enzymes. Also
embraced are sequences that have phosphorylated amino acid
residues, e.g., phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, or
phosphothreonine.
[0631] Included in the embodiments are polypeptides that have been
modified using ordinary chemical techniques so as to improve their
resistance to proteolytic degradation, to optimize solubility
properties, or to render them more suitable as a therapeutic agent.
For examples, the backbone of the peptide may be cyclized to
enhance stability (see Friedler et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem.
275:23783-23789). Analogs may be used that include residues other
than naturally occurring L-amino acids, e.g., D-amino acids or
non-naturally occurring synthetic amino acids. The protein may be
pegylated to enhance stability.
[0632] The polypeptides may be prepared by in vitro synthesis,
using conventional methods as known in the art, by recombinant
methods, or may be isolated from cells induced or naturally
producing the protein. The particular sequence and the manner of
preparation will be determined by convenience, economics, purity
required, and the like. If desired, various groups may be
introduced into the polypeptide during synthesis or during
expression, which allow for linking to other molecules or to a
surface. Thus cysteines may be used to make thioethers, histidines
for linking to a metal ion complex, carboxyl groups for forming
amides or esters, amino groups for forming amides, and the
like.
[0633] The polypeptides may also be isolated and purified in
accordance with conventional methods of recombinant synthesis. A
lysate may be prepared of the expression host and the lysate
purified using HPLC, exclusion chromatography, gel electrophoresis,
affinity chromatography, or other purification technique. For the
most part, the compositions which are used will comprise at least
20% by weight of the desired product, more usually at least about
75% by weight, preferably at least about 95% by weight, and for
therapeutic purposes, usually at least about 99.5% by weight, in
relation to contaminants related to the method of preparation of
the product and its purification. Usually, the percentages will be
based upon total protein.
Pirfenidone and Analogs Thereof
[0634] Pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)-pyridone) and specific
pirfenidone analogs are disclosed for the treatment of fibrotic
conditions. A "fibrotic condition" is one that is amenable to
treatment by administration of a compound having anti-fibrotic
activity.
##STR00059##
Descriptions for Substituents R.sub.1, R.sub.2, X
[0635] R.sub.1: carbocyclic (saturated and unsaturated),
heterocyclic (saturated or unsaturated), alkyls (saturated and
unsaturated). Examples include phenyl, benzyl, pyrimidyl, naphthyl,
indolyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, cyclohexyl,
piperidyl, pyrrolidyl, morpholinyl, cyclohexenyl, butadienyl, and
the like.
[0636] R.sub.1 may further include substitutions on the carbocyclic
or heterocyclic moieties with substituents such as halogen, nitro,
amino, hydroxyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, cyano, thio, alkyl, aryl,
heteroalkyl, heteroaryl and combinations thereof, for example,
4-nitrophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 2,5-dinitrophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl,
5-methyl-pyrrolyl, 2,5-dichlorocyclohexyl, guanidinyl-cyclohexenyl
and the like.
[0637] R.sub.2: alkyl, carbocylic, aryl, heterocyclic. Examples
include: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, phenyl, 4-nitrophenyl,
thienyl and the like.
[0638] X: may be any number (from 1 to 3) of substituents on the
carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. The substituents may be the same
or different. Substituents may include hydrogen, alkyl,
heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, nitro, carboxyl, hydroxyl,
cyano, amino, thio, alkylamino, haloaryl and the like.
[0639] The substituents may be optionally further substituted with
1-3 substituents from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, nitro,
alkoxy, hydroxyl and halo groups. Examples include: methyl,
2,3-dimethyl, phenyl, p-tolyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl,
2,5-dichlorophenyl, furyl, thienyl and the like.
[0640] Specific Examples include the compounds listed in Table
1:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 IIA IIB
5-Methyl-1-(2'-pyridyl)-2-(1H)pyridine,
6-Methyl-1-phenyl-3-(1H)pyridone, 6-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-3-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-3-phenyl-1-(2'-thienyl)-2-
5-Methyl-1-(2'-naphthyl)-3-(1H)pyridone, (1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(2'-naphthyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-phenyl-3-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-p-tolyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(5'-quinolyl)-3-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(1'naphthyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Ethyl-1-phenyl-3-(1H)pyridone, 5-Ethyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-3- (1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(5'-quinolyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
4-Methyl-1-phenyl-3-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(4'-quinolyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(3'-pyridyl)-3-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(4'-pyridyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(2'-Thienyl)-3-(1H)pyridone,
3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(2'-pyridyl)-3-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(2'-quinolyl)-3-(1H)pyridone, 1-Phenyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
1-Phenyl-3-(1H)pyridine, 1,3-Diphenyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
1-(2'-Furyl)-5-methyl-3-(1H)pyridone,
1,3-Diphenyl-5-methyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
1-(4'-ChIorophenyl)-5-methyl-3- (1H)pyridine.
5-Methyl-1-(3'-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-(1H)- pyridone,
3-Ethyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(3'-pyridyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
3-(4'-Chlorophenyl)-5-Methyl-1-phenyl-2- (1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(2'-Thienyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
5-Methyl-1-(2'-thiazolyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
3,6-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
1-(4'Chlorophenyl)-5-Methyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
1-(2'-Imidazolyl)-5-Methyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
1-(4'-Nitrophenyl)-2-(1H)pyridone,
1-(2'-Furyl)-5-Methyl-2-(1H)pyridone,
1-Phenyl-3-(4'-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H)pyridine.
[0641] U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,974,281; 3,839,346; 4,042,699; 4,052,509;
5,310,562; 5,518,729; 5,716,632; and 6,090,822 describe methods for
the synthesis and formulation of pirfenidone and specific
pirfenidone analogs in pharmaceutical compositions suitable for use
in the methods of the present embodiments.
Thymosin-.alpha.
[0642] Thymosin-.alpha. (Zadaxin.TM.; available from SciClone
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Mateo, Calif.) is a synthetic form of
thymosin alpha 1, a hormone found naturally in the circulation and
produced by the thymus gland. Thymosin-.alpha. increases activity
of T cells and NK cells. Zadaxin.TM. formulated for subcutaneous
injection is a purified sterile lyophilized preparation of
chemically synthesized thymosin alpha 1 identical to human thymosin
alpha 1. Thymosin alpha 1 is an acetylated polypeptide with the
following sequence:
Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Gl-
u-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH (SEQ ID NO:2), and
having a molecular weight of 3,108 daltons. The lyophilized
preparation contains 1.6 mg synthetic thymosin-.alpha., 50 mg
mannitol, and sodium phosphate buffer to adjust the pH to 6.8.
Ribavirin
[0643] Ribavirin,
1-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, is a
nucleoside analog available from ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Costa
Mesa, Calif., and is described in the Merck Index, compound No.
8199, Eleventh Edition. Its manufacture and formulation is
described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,211,771. The embodiments also
contemplate use of derivatives of ribavirin (see, e.g., U.S. Pat.
No. 6,277,830). The ribavirin may be administered orally in capsule
or tablet form. Of course, other types of administration of
ribavirin, as they become available are contemplated, such as by
nasal spray, transdermally, by suppository, by sustained release
dosage form, etc. Any form of administration will work so long as
the proper dosages are delivered without destroying the active
ingredient.
[0644] Ribavirin is generally administered in an amount ranging
from about 400 mg to about 1200 mg, from about 600 mg to about 1000
mg, or from about 700 to about 900 mg per day. In some embodiments,
ribavirin is administered throughout the entire course of NS3
inhibitor therapy.
Levovirin
[0645] Levovirin is the L-enantiomer of ribavirin, and exhibits the
property of enhancing a Th1 immune response over a Th2 immune
response. Levovirin is manufactured by ICN Pharmaceuticals.
[0646] Levovirin has the following structure:
##STR00060##
Viramidine
[0647] Viramidine is a 3-carboxamidine derivative of ribavirin, and
acts as a prodrug of ribavirin. It is efficiently converted to
ribavirin by adenosine deaminases.
[0648] Viramidine has the following structure:
##STR00061##
Nucleoside Analogs
[0649] Nucleoside analogs that are suitable for use in a subject
combination therapy include, but are not limited to, ribavirin,
levovirin, viramidine, isatoribine, an L-ribofuranosyl nucleoside
as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,101 and encompassed by Formula
I of U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,101 (e.g., 1-.beta.-L-ribofuranosyluracil,
1-.beta.-L-ribofuranosyl-5-fluorouracil,
1-.beta.-L-ribofuranosylcytosine, 9-.beta.-L-ribofuranosyladenine,
9-.beta.-L-ribofuranosylhypoxanthine,
9-.beta.-L-ribofuranosylguanine,
9-.beta.-L-ribofuranosyl-6-thioguanine,
2-amino-.alpha.-L-ribofuranl[1',2':4,5]oxazoline,
O.sup.2,O.sup.2-anhydro-1-.alpha.-L-ribofuranosyluracil,
1-.alpha.-L-ribofuranosyluracil,
1-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-.alpha.-ribofuranosyl)-4-thiouracil,
1-.alpha.-L-ribofuranosylcytosine,
1-.alpha.-L-ribofuranosyl-4-thiouracil,
1-.alpha.-L-ribofuranosyl-5-fluorouracil,
2-amino-.beta.-L-arabinofurano[1',2':4,5]oxazoline,
O.sup.2,O.sup.2-anhydro-.beta.-L-arabinofuranosyluracil,
2'-deoxy-.beta.-L-uridine, 3',5'-Di-O-benzoyl-2'deoxy-4-thio
.beta.-L-uridine, 2'-deoxy-.beta.-L-cytidine,
2'-deoxy-.beta.-L-4-thiouridine, 2'-deoxy-.beta.-L-thymidine,
2'-deoxy-.beta.-L-5-fluorouridine, 2',3'-dideoxy-.beta.-L-uridine,
2'-deoxy-.beta.-L-5-fluorouridine, and 2'-deoxy-.beta.-L-inosine);
a compound as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,423,695 and encompassed
by Formula I of U.S. Pat. No. 6,423,695; a compound as disclosed in
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0058635, and encompassed by
Formula 1 of U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0058635; a nucleoside
analog as disclosed in WO 01/90121 A2 (Idenix); a nucleoside analog
as disclosed in WO 02/069903 A2 (Biocryst Pharmaceuticals Inc.); a
nucleoside analog as disclosed in WO 02/057287 A2 or WO 02/057425
A2 (both Merck/Isis); and the like.
TNF Antagonists
[0650] In some embodiments, a subject method comprises
administering an effective amount of a NS3 inhibitor and an
effective amount of a tumor necrosis factor-.alpha. (TNF-.alpha.)
antagonist. Suitable TNF-.alpha. antagonists for use herein include
agents that decrease the level of TNF-.alpha. synthesis, agents
that block or inhibit the binding of TNF-.alpha. to a TNF-.alpha.
receptor (TNFR), and agents that block or inhibit TNFR-mediated
signal transduction. Unless otherwise expressly stated, every
reference to a "TNF-.alpha. antagonist" or "TNF antagonist" herein
will be understood to mean a TNF-.alpha. antagonist other than
pirfenidone or a pirfenidone analog.
[0651] As used herein, the terms "TNF receptor polypeptide" and
"TNFR polypeptide" refer to polypeptides derived from TNFR (from
any species) which are capable of binding TNF. Two distinct
cell-surface TNFRs have described: Type II TNFR (or p75 TNFR or
TNFR) and Type I TNFR (or p55 TNFR or TNFRI). The mature
full-length human p75 TNFR is a glycoprotein having a molecular
weight of about 75-80 kilodaltons (kD). The mature full-length
human p55 TNFR is a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of about
55-60 kD. Exemplary TNFR polypeptides are derived from TNFR Type I
and/or TNFR type II. Soluble TNFR includes p75 TNFR polypeptide;
fusions of p75 TNFR with heterologous fusion partners, e.g., the Fc
portion of an immunoglobulin.
[0652] TNFR polypeptide may be an intact TNFR or a suitable
fragment of TNFR. U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,690 provides examples of TNFR
polypeptides, including soluble TNFR polypeptides, appropriate for
use in the present embodiments. In many embodiments, the TNFR
polypeptide comprises an extracellular domain of TNFR. In some
embodiments, the TNFR polypeptide is a fusion polypeptide
comprising an extracellular domain of TNFR linked to a constant
domain of an immunoglobulin molecule. In other embodiments, the
TNFR polypeptide is a fusion polypeptide comprising an
extracellular domain of the p75 TNFR linked to a constant domain of
an IgG1 molecule. In some embodiments, when administration to
humans is contemplated, an Ig used for fusion proteins is human,
e.g., human IgG1.
[0653] Monovalent and multivalent forms of TNFR polypeptides may be
used in the present embodiments. Multivalent forms of TNFR
polypeptides possess more than one TNF binding site. In some
embodiments, the TNFR is a bivalent, or dimeric, form of TNFR. For
example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,690 and in Mohler et
al., 1993, J. Immunol., 151:1548-1561, a chimeric antibody
polypeptide with TNFR extracellular domains substituted for the
variable domains of either or both of the immunoglobulin heavy or
light chains would provide a TNFR polypeptide for the present
embodiments. Generally, when such a chimeric TNFR:antibody
polypeptide is produced by cells, it forms a bivalent molecule
through disulfide linkages between the immunoglobulin domains. Such
a chimeric TNFR:antibody polypeptide is referred to as TNFR:Fc.
[0654] In one embodiment, a subject method involves administration
of an effective amount of the soluble TNFR ENBREL.RTM.. ENBREL.RTM.
is a dimeric fusion protein consisting of the extracellular
ligand-binding portion of the human 75 kilodalton (p75) TNFR linked
to the Fc portion of human IgG1. The Fc component of ENBREL.RTM.
contains the CH2 domain, the CH3 domain and hinge region, but not
the CH1 domain of IgG1. ENBREL.RTM. is produced in a Chinese
hamster ovary (CHO) mammalian cell expression system. It consists
of 934 amino acids and has an apparent molecular weight of
approximately 150 kilodaltons. Smith et al. (1990) Science
248:1019-1023; Mohler et al. (1993) J. Immunol. 151:1548-1561; U.S.
Pat. No. 5,395,760; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,690.
[0655] Also suitable for use are monoclonal antibodies that bind
TNF-.alpha.. Monoclonal antibodies include "humanized" mouse
monoclonal antibodies; chimeric antibodies; monoclonal antibodies
that are at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about
95%, or 100% human in amino acid sequence; and the like. See, e.g.,
WO 90/10077; WO 90/04036; and WO 92/02190. Suitable monoclonal
antibodies include antibody fragments, such as Fv, F(ab').sub.2 and
Fab; synthetic antibodies; artificial antibodies; phage display
antibodies; and the like.
[0656] Examples of suitable monoclonal antibodies include
Infliximab (REMICADE.RTM., Centocor); and Adalimumab (HUMIRA.TM.,
Abbott). REMICADE.RTM. is a chimeric monoclonal anti-TNF-.alpha.
antibody that includes about 25% mouse amino acid sequence and
about 75% human amino acid sequence. REMICADE.RTM. comprises a
variable region of a mouse monoclonal anti-TNF-.alpha. antibody
fused to the constant region of a human IgG1. Elliott et al. (1993)
Arthritis Rheum. 36:1681-1690; Elliott et al. (1994) Lancet
344:1105-1110; Baert et al. (1999) Gastroenterology 116:22-28.
HUMIRA.TM. is a human, full-length IgG1 monoclonal antibody that
was identified using phage display technology. Piascik (2003) J.
Am. Pharm. Assoc. 43:327-328.
[0657] Also included in the term "TNF antagonist," and therefore
suitable for use in a subject method, are stress-activated protein
kinase (SAPK) inhibitors. SAPK inhibitors are known in the art, and
include, but are not limited to 2-alkyl imidazoles disclosed in
U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,548,520; 1,4,5-substituted imidazole compounds
disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,489,325; 1,4,5-substituted imidazole
compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,569,871; heteroaryl
aminophenyl ketone compounds disclosed in Published U.S. Patent
Application No. 2003/0073832; pyridyl imidazole compounds disclosed
in U.S. Pat. No. 6,288,089; and heteroaryl aminobenzophenones
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,432,962. Also of interest are
compounds disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
2003/0149041; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,214,854. A stress-activated
protein kinase is a member of a family of mitogen-activated protein
kinases which are activated in response to stress stimuli. SAPK
include, but are not limited to, p38 (Lee et al. (1994) Nature
372:739) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).
[0658] Methods to assess TNF antagonist activity are known in the
art and exemplified herein. For example, TNF antagonist activity
may be assessed with a cell-based competitive binding assay. In
such an assay, radiolabeled TNF is mixed with serially diluted TNF
antagonist and cells expressing cell membrane bound TNFR. Portions
of the suspension are centrifuged to separate free and bound TNF
and the amount of radioactivity in the free and bound fractions
determined. TNF antagonist activity is assessed by inhibition of
TNF binding to the cells in the presence of the TNF antagonist.
[0659] As another example, TNF antagonists may be analyzed for the
ability to neutralize TNF activity in vitro in a bioassay using
cells susceptible to the cytotoxic activity of TNF as target cells.
In such an assay, target cells, cultured with TNF, are treated with
varying amounts of TNF antagonist and subsequently are examined for
cytolysis. TNF antagonist activity is assessed by a decrease in
TNF-induced target cell cytolysis in the presence of the TNF
antagonist.
NS5B Inhibitors
[0660] Some embodiments provides a method comprising administering
an effective amount of a subject NS3 inhibitor and an effective
amount of an HCV non-structural protein-5 (NS5; RNA-dependent RNA
polymerase) inhibitor to an HCV patient in need thereof. Suitable
NS5B inhibitors include, but are not limited to, a compound as
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,479,508 (Boehringer-Ingelheim); a
compound as disclosed in any of International Patent Application
Nos. PCT/CA02/01127, PCT/CA02/01128, and PCT/CA02/01129, all filed
on Jul. 18, 2002 by Boehringer Ingelheim; a compound as disclosed
in U.S. Pat. No. 6,440,985 (ViroPharma); a compound as disclosed in
WO 01/47883, e.g., JTK-003 (Japan Tobacco); a dinucleotide analog
as disclosed in Zhong et al. (2003) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
47:2674-2681; a benzothiadiazine compound as disclosed in Dhanak et
al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277(41):38322-7; an NS5B inhibitor as
disclosed in WO 02/100846 A1 or WO 02/100851 A2 (both Shire); an
NS5B inhibitor as disclosed in WO 01/85172 A1 or WO 02/098424 A1
(both Glaxo SmithKline); an NS5B inhibitor as disclosed in WO
00/06529 or WO 02/06246 A1 (both Merck); an NS5B inhibitor as
disclosed in WO 03/000254 (Japan Tobacco); an NS5B inhibitor as
disclosed in EP 1 256,628 A2 (Agouron); JTK-002 (Japan Tobacco);
JTK-109 (Japan Tobacco); and the like.
[0661] Of particular interest in many embodiments are NS5
inhibitors that are specific NS5 inhibitors, e.g., NS5 inhibitors
that inhibit NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and that lack
significant inhibitory effects toward other RNA dependent RNA
polymerases and toward DNA dependent RNA polymerases.
Additional Antiviral Agents
[0662] Additional antiviral therapeutic agents that may be
administered in combination with a subject NS3 inhibitor compound
include, but are not limited to, inhibitors of inosine
monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH); ribozymes that are
complementary to viral nucleotide sequences; antisense RNA
inhibitors; and the like.
IMPDH Inhibitors
[0663] IMPDH inhibitors that are suitable for use in a subject
combination therapy include, but are not limited to, VX-497
((S)--N-3-[3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-yl-phenyl)-ureido]-benzyl-carbamic
acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-ester); Vertex Pharmaceuticals; see,
e.g., Markland et al. (2000) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
44:859-866); ribavirin; levovirin (Ribapharm; see, e.g., Watson
(2002) Curr Opin Investig Drugs 3(5):680-3); viramidine
(Ribapharm); and the like.
Ribozyme and Antisense
[0664] Ribozyme and antisense antiviral agents that are suitable
for use in a subject combination therapy include, but are not
limited to, ISIS 14803 (ISIS Pharmaceuticals/Elan Corporation; see,
e.g., Witherell (2001) Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2(11):1523-9);
Heptazyme.TM.; and the like.
[0665] In some embodiments, an additional antiviral agent is
administered during the entire course of NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment. In other embodiments, an additional antiviral agent is
administered for a period of time that is overlapping with that of
the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment, e.g., the additional
antiviral agent treatment may begin before the NS3 inhibitor
compound treatment begins and end before the NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment ends; the additional antiviral agent treatment may begin
after the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment begins and end after the
NS3 inhibitor compound treatment ends; the additional antiviral
agent treatment may begin after the NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment begins and end before the NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment ends; or the additional antiviral agent treatment may
begin before the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment begins and end
after the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment ends.
Dosages, Formulations, and Routes of Administration
[0666] In the subject methods, the active agent(s) (e.g., compound
of formula I, and optionally one or more additional antiviral
agents) may be administered to the host using any convenient means
capable of resulting in the desired therapeutic effect. Thus, the
agent may be incorporated into a variety of formulations for
therapeutic administration. More particularly, the agents of the
present embodiments may be formulated into pharmaceutical
compositions by combination with appropriate, pharmaceutically
acceptable carriers or diluents, and may be formulated into
preparations in solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous forms, such as
tablets, capsules, powders, granules, ointments, solutions,
suppositories, injections, inhalants and aerosols.
Formulations
[0667] The above-discussed active agent(s) may be formulated using
well-known reagents and methods. Compositions are provided in
formulation with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s). A wide
variety of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are known in the
art and need not be discussed in detail herein. Pharmaceutically
acceptable excipients have been amply described in a variety of
publications, including, for example, A. Gennaro (2000) "Remington:
The Science and Practice of Pharmacy," 20th edition, Lippincott,
Williams, & Wilkins; Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug
Delivery Systems (1999) H. C. Ansel et al., eds., 7.sup.th ed.,
Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins; and Handbook of Pharmaceutical
Excipients (2000) A. H. Kibbe et al., eds., 3.sup.rd ed. Amer.
Pharmaceutical Assoc.
[0668] The pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as
vehicles, adjuvants, carriers or diluents, are readily available to
the public. Moreover, pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary
substances, such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity
adjusting agents, stabilizers, wetting agents and the like, are
readily available to the public.
[0669] In some embodiments, an agent is formulated in an aqueous
buffer. Suitable aqueous buffers include, but are not limited to,
acetate, succinate, citrate, and phosphate buffers varying in
strengths from 5 mM to 100 mM. In some embodiments, the aqueous
buffer includes reagents that provide for an isotonic solution.
Such reagents include, but are not limited to, sodium chloride; and
sugars e.g., mannitol, dextrose, sucrose, and the like. In some
embodiments, the aqueous buffer further includes a non-ionic
surfactant such as polysorbate 20 or 80. Optionally the
formulations may further include a preservative. Suitable
preservatives include, but are not limited to, a benzyl alcohol,
phenol, chlorobutanol, benzalkonium chloride, and the like. In many
cases, the formulation is stored at about 4.degree. C. Formulations
may also be lyophilized, in which case they generally include
cryoprotectants such as sucrose, trehalose, lactose, maltose,
mannitol, and the like. Lyophilized formulations may be stored over
extended periods of time, even at ambient temperatures.
[0670] As such, administration of the agents may be achieved in
various ways, including oral, buccal, rectal, parenteral,
intraperitoneal, intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular,
transdermal, intratracheal, etc., administration. In many
embodiments, administration is by bolus injection, e.g.,
subcutaneous bolus injection, intramuscular bolus injection, and
the like.
[0671] The pharmaceutical compositions of the present embodiments
may be administered orally, parenterally or via an implanted
reservoir. Oral administration or administration by injection are
preferred.
[0672] Subcutaneous administration of a pharmaceutical composition
of the present embodiments is accomplished using standard methods
and devices, e.g., needle and syringe, a subcutaneous injection
port delivery system, and the like. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,547,119; 4,755,173; 4,531,937; 4,311,137; and 6,017,328. A
combination of a subcutaneous injection port and a device for
administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the embodiments
to a patient through the port is referred to herein as "a
subcutaneous injection port delivery system." In many embodiments,
subcutaneous administration is achieved by bolus delivery by needle
and syringe.
[0673] In pharmaceutical dosage forms, the agents may be
administered in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable
salts, or they may also be used alone or in appropriate
association, as well as in combination, with other pharmaceutically
active compounds. The following methods and excipients are merely
exemplary and are in no way limiting.
[0674] For oral preparations, the agents may be used alone or in
combination with appropriate additives to make tablets, powders,
granules or capsules, for example, with conventional additives,
such as lactose, mannitol, corn starch or potato starch; with
binders, such as crystalline cellulose, cellulose derivatives,
acacia, corn starch or gelatins; with disintegrators, such as corn
starch, potato starch or sodium carboxymethylcellulose; with
lubricants, such as talc or magnesium stearate; and if desired,
with diluents, buffering agents, moistening agents, preservatives
and flavoring agents.
[0675] The agents may be formulated into preparations for injection
by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying them in an aqueous or
nonaqueous solvent, such as vegetable or other similar oils,
synthetic aliphatic acid glycerides, esters of higher aliphatic
acids or propylene glycol; and if desired, with conventional
additives such as solubilizers, isotonic agents, suspending agents,
emulsifying agents, stabilizers and preservatives.
[0676] Furthermore, the agents may be made into suppositories by
mixing with a variety of bases such as emulsifying bases or
water-soluble bases. The compounds of the present embodiments may
be administered rectally via a suppository. The suppository may
include vehicles such as cocoa butter, carbowaxes and polyethylene
glycols, which melt at body temperature, yet are solidified at room
temperature.
[0677] Unit dosage forms for oral or rectal administration such as
syrups, elixirs, and suspensions may be provided wherein each
dosage unit, for example, teaspoonful, tablespoonful, tablet or
suppository, contains a predetermined amount of the composition
containing one or more inhibitors. Similarly, unit dosage forms for
injection or intravenous administration may comprise the
inhibitor(s) in a composition as a solution in sterile water,
normal saline or another pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0678] The term "unit dosage form," as used herein, refers to
physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human and
animal subjects, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of
compounds of the embodiments calculated in an amount sufficient to
produce the desired effect in association with a pharmaceutically
acceptable diluent, carrier or vehicle. The specifications for the
novel unit dosage forms of the present embodiments depend on the
particular compound employed and the effect to be achieved, and the
pharmacodynamics associated with each compound in the host.
[0679] The pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as
vehicles, adjuvants, carriers or diluents, are readily available to
the public. Moreover, pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary
substances, such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity
adjusting agents, stabilizers, wetting agents and the like, are
readily available to the public.
Other Antiviral Agents
[0680] As discussed above, a subject method will in some
embodiments be carried out by administering an NS3 inhibitor that
is a compound of formulas I-XIX, and optionally one or more
additional antiviral agent(s).
[0681] In some embodiments, the method further includes
administration of one or more interferon receptor agonist(s).
Interferon receptor agonists are described above.
[0682] In other embodiments, the method further includes
administration of pirfenidone or a pirfenidone analog. Pirfenidone
and pirfenidone analogs are described above.
[0683] Additional antiviral agents that are suitable for use in
combination therapy include, but are not limited to, nucleotide and
nucleoside analogs. Non-limiting examples include azidothymidine
(AZT) (zidovudine), and analogs and derivatives thereof;
2',3'-dideoxyinosine (DDI) (didanosine), and analogs and
derivatives thereof; 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (DDC) (dideoxycytidine),
and analogs and derivatives thereof;
2',3,'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (D4T) (stavudine), and
analogs and derivatives thereof; combivir; abacavir; adefovir
dipoxil; cidofovir; ribavirin; ribavirin analogs; and the like.
[0684] In some embodiments, the method further includes
administration of ribavirin. Ribavirin,
1-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, available
from ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Costa Mesa, Calif., is described in
the Merck Index, compound No. 8199, Eleventh Edition. Its
manufacture and formulation is described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,211,771. The embodiments also contemplate use of derivatives of
ribavirin (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,830). The ribavirin may
be administered orally in capsule or tablet form, or in the same or
different administration form and in the same or different route as
the interferon receptor agonist. Of course, other types of
administration of both medicaments, as they become available are
contemplated, such as by nasal spray, transdermally, intravenously,
by suppository, by sustained release dosage form, etc. Any form of
administration will work so long as the proper dosages are
delivered without destroying the active ingredient.
[0685] In some embodiments, an additional antiviral agent is
administered during the entire course of NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment. In other embodiments, an additional antiviral agent is
administered for a period of time that is overlapping with that of
the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment, e.g., the additional
antiviral agent treatment may begin before the NS3 inhibitor
compound treatment begins and end before the NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment ends; the additional antiviral agent treatment may begin
after the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment begins and end after the
NS3 inhibitor compound treatment ends; the additional antiviral
agent treatment may begin after the NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment begins and end before the NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment ends; or the additional antiviral agent treatment may
begin before the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment begins and end
after the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment ends.
[0686] The NS3 inhibitor compounds of the embodiments are suitable
for use in formulations that require good solubility in water. For
example, the compounds of the embodiments may be used in
formulations that are free of sugar alcohols and polyols, such as
trihydric or higher sugar alcohols, e.g., glycerin, erythritol,
glycerol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol, and free of
other alcohols, such as propylene glycol and poly (ethylene glycol)
(PEG), or other agent used to compensate for inadequate solubility
in water. In one aspect, the embodiments provide the subject NS3
inhibitor compound in a capsule, tablet or caplet formulation,
where the capsule, tablet or caplet formulation provides an
adequate bioavailability because of the superior water solubility
of the compound. In some embodiments, the solubility of the subject
compound permits the administration of dosages equal to or greater
than 1 mg of drug compound/kg of patient body weight.
Methods of Treatment
Monotherapies
[0687] The NS3 inhibitor compound of the embodiments may be used in
acute or chronic therapy for HCV disease. In many embodiments, the
NS3 inhibitor compound is administered for a period of about 1 day
to about 7 days, or about 1 week to about 2 weeks, or about 2 weeks
to about 3 weeks, or about 3 weeks to about 4 weeks, or about 1
month to about 2 months, or about 3 months to about 4 months, or
about 4 months to about 6 months, or about 6 months to about 8
months, or about 8 months to about 12 months, or at least one year,
and may be administered over longer periods of time. The NS3
inhibitor compound may be administered 5 times per day, 4 times per
day, tid, bid, qd, qod, biw, tiw, qw, qow, three times per month,
or once monthly. In other embodiments, the NS3 inhibitor compound
is administered as a continuous infusion.
[0688] In many embodiments, an NS3 inhibitor compound of the
embodiments is administered orally.
[0689] In connection with the above-described methods for the
treatment of HCV disease in a patient, an NS3 inhibitor compound of
the embodiments may be administered to the patient at a dosage from
about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg/kg patient bodyweight per day, in 1
to 5 divided doses per day. In some embodiments, the NS3 inhibitor
compound is administered at a dosage of about 0.5 mg to about 75
mg/kg patient bodyweight per day, in 1 to 5 divided doses per
day.
[0690] The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with
carrier materials to produce a dosage form may vary depending on
the host to be treated and the particular mode of administration. A
typical pharmaceutical preparation may contain from about 5% to
about 95% active ingredient (w/w). In other embodiments, the
pharmaceutical preparation may contain from about 20% to about 80%
active ingredient.
[0691] Those of skill will readily appreciate that dose levels may
vary as a function of the specific NS3 inhibitor compound, the
severity of the symptoms and the susceptibility of the subject to
side effects. Preferred dosages for a given NS3 inhibitor compound
are readily determinable by those of skill in the art by a variety
of means. A preferred means is to measure the physiological potency
of a given interferon receptor agonist.
[0692] In many embodiments, multiple doses of NS3 inhibitor
compound are administered. For example, an NS3 inhibitor compound
is administered once per month, twice per month, three times per
month, every other week (qow), once per week (qw), twice per week
(biw), three times per week (tiw), four times per week, five times
per week, six times per week, every other day (qod), daily (qd),
twice a day (qid), or three times a day (tid), over a period of
time ranging from about one day to about one week, from about two
weeks to about four weeks, from about one month to about two
months, from about two months to about four months, from about four
months to about six months, from about six months to about eight
months, from about eight months to about 1 year, from about 1 year
to about 2 years, or from about 2 years to about 4 years, or
more.
Combination Therapies with Ribavirin
[0693] In some embodiments, the methods provide for combination
therapy comprising administering an NS3 inhibitor compound as
described above, and an effective amount of ribavirin. Ribavirin
may be administered in dosages of about 400 mg, about 800 mg, about
1000 mg, or about 1200 mg per day.
[0694] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to include co-administering to the patient a
therapeutically effective amount of ribavirin for the duration of
the desired course of NS3 inhibitor compound treatment.
[0695] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to include co-administering to the patient about
800 mg to about 1200 mg ribavirin orally per day for the duration
of the desired course of NS3 inhibitor compound treatment.
[0696] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to include co-administering to the patient (a)
1000 mg ribavirin orally per day if the patient has a body weight
less than 75 kg or (b) 1200 mg ribavirin orally per day if the
patient has a body weight greater than or equal to 75 kg, where the
daily dosage of ribavirin is optionally divided into to 2 doses for
the duration of the desired course of NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment.
Combination Therapies with Levovirin
[0697] In some embodiments, the methods provide for combination
therapy comprising administering an NS3 inhibitor compound as
described above, and an effective amount of levovirin. Levovirin is
generally administered in an amount ranging from about 30 mg to
about 60 mg, from about 60 mg to about 125 mg, from about 125 mg to
about 200 mg, from about 200 mg to about 300 gm, from about 300 mg
to about 400 mg, from about 400 mg to about 1200 mg, from about 600
mg to about 1000 mg, or from about 700 to about 900 mg per day, or
about 10 mg/kg body weight per day. In some embodiments, levovirin
is administered orally in dosages of about 400, about 800, about
1000, or about 1200 mg per day for the desired course of NS3
inhibitor compound treatment.
Combination Therapies with Viramidine
[0698] In some embodiments, the methods provide for combination
therapy comprising administering an NS3 inhibitor compound as
described above, and an effective amount of viramidine. Viramidine
is generally administered in an amount ranging from about 30 mg to
about 60 mg, from about 60 mg to about 125 mg, from about 125 mg to
about 200 mg, from about 200 mg to about 300 gm, from about 300 mg
to about 400 mg, from about 400 mg to about 1200 mg, from about 600
mg to about 1000 mg, or from about 700 to about 900 mg per day, or
about 10 mg/kg body weight per day. In some embodiments, viramidine
is administered orally in dosages of about 800, or about 1600 mg
per day for the desired course of NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment.
Combination Therapies with Thymosin-.alpha.
[0699] In some embodiments, the methods provide for combination
therapy comprising administering an NS3 inhibitor compound as
described above, and an effective amount of thymosin-.alpha..
Thymosin-.alpha. (Zadaxin.TM.) is generally administered by
subcutaneous injection. Thymosin-.alpha. may be administered tid,
bid, qd, qod, biw, tiw, qw, qow, three times per month, once
monthly, substantially continuously, or continuously for the
desired course of NS3 inhibitor compound treatment. In many
embodiments, thymosin-.alpha. is administered twice per week for
the desired course of NS3 inhibitor compound treatment.
[0700] Effective dosages of thymosin-.alpha. range from about 0.5
mg to about 5 mg, e.g., from about 0.5 mg to about 1.0 mg, from
about 1.0 mg to about 1.5 mg, from about 1.5 mg to about 2.0 mg,
from about 2.0 mg to about 2.5 mg, from about 2.5 mg to about 3.0
mg, from about 3.0 mg to about 3.5 mg, from about 3.5 mg to about
4.0 mg, from about 4.0 mg to about 4.5 mg, or from about 4.5 mg to
about 5.0 mg. In particular embodiments, thymosin-.alpha. is
administered in dosages containing an amount of 1.0 mg or 1.6
mg.
[0701] Thymosin-.alpha. may be administered over a period of time
ranging from about one day to about one week, from about two weeks
to about four weeks, from about one month to about two months, from
about two months to about four months, from about four months to
about six months, from about six months to about eight months, from
about eight months to about 1 year, from about 1 year to about 2
years, or from about 2 years to about 4 years, or more. In one
embodiment, thymosin-.alpha. is administered for the desired course
of NS3 inhibitor compound treatment.
Combination Therapies with Interferon(s)
[0702] In many embodiments, the methods provide for combination
therapy comprising administering an NS3 inhibitor compound as
described above, and an effective amount of an interferon receptor
agonist. In some embodiments, a compound of formula I and a Type I
or III interferon receptor agonist are co-administered in the
treatment methods of the embodiments. Type I interferon receptor
agonists suitable for use herein include any interferon-.alpha.
(IFN-.alpha.). In certain embodiments, the interferon-.alpha. is a
PEGylated interferon-.alpha.. In certain other embodiments, the
interferon-.alpha. is a consensus interferon, such as INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1. In still other embodiments, the
interferon-.alpha. is a monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus
interferon.
[0703] Effective dosages of an IFN-.alpha. range from about 3 .mu.g
to about 27 .mu.g, from about 3 MU to about 10 MU, from about 90
.mu.g to about 180 .mu.g, or from about 18 .mu.g to about 90 .mu.g.
Effective dosages of Infergen.RTM. consensus IFN-.alpha. include
about 3 .mu.g, about 6 .mu.g, about 9 .mu.g, about 12 .mu.g, about
15 .mu.g, about 18 .mu.g, about 21 .mu.g, about 24 .mu.g, about 27
.mu.g, or about 30 .mu.g, of drug per dose. Effective dosages of
IFN-.alpha.2a and IFN-.alpha.2b range from 3 million Units (MU) to
10 MU per dose. Effective dosages of PEGASYS.RTM. PEGylated
IFN-.alpha.2a contain an amount of about 90 .mu.g to 270 .mu.g, or
about 180 .mu.g, of drug per dose. Effective dosages of
PEG-INTRON.RTM. PEGylated IFN-.alpha.2b contain an amount of about
0.5 .mu.g to 3.0 .mu.g of drug per kg of body weight per dose.
Effective dosages of PEGylated consensus interferon (PEG-CIFN)
contain an amount of about 18 .mu.g to about 90 .mu.g, or from
about 27 .mu.g to about 60 .mu.g, or about 45 .mu.g, of CIFN amino
acid weight per dose of PEG-CIFN. Effective dosages of monoPEG (30
kD, linear)-ylated CIFN contain an amount of about 45 .mu.g to
about 270 .mu.g, or about 60 .mu.g to about 180 .mu.g, or about 90
.mu.g to about 120 .mu.g, of drug per dose. IFN-.alpha. may be
administered daily, every other day, once a week, three times a
week, every other week, three times per month, once monthly,
substantially continuously or continuously.
[0704] In many embodiments, the Type I or Type III interferon
receptor agonist and/or the Type II interferon receptor agonist is
administered for a period of about 1 day to about 7 days, or about
1 week to about 2 weeks, or about 2 weeks to about 3 weeks, or
about 3 weeks to about 4 weeks, or about 1 month to about 2 months,
or about 3 months to about 4 months, or about 4 months to about 6
months, or about 6 months to about 8 months, or about 8 months to
about 12 months, or at least one year, and may be administered over
longer periods of time. Dosage regimens may include tid, bid, qd,
qod, biw, tiw, qw, qow, three times per month, or monthly
administrations. Some embodiments provide any of the
above-described methods in which the desired dosage of IFN-.alpha.
is administered subcutaneously to the patient by bolus delivery qd,
qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, or monthly, or is
administered subcutaneously to the patient per day by substantially
continuous or continuous delivery, for the desired treatment
duration. Other embodiments provide any of the above-described
methods in which the desired dosage of PEGylated IFN-.alpha.
(PEG-IFN-.alpha.) is administered subcutaneously to the patient by
bolus delivery qw, qow, three times per month, or monthly for the
desired treatment duration.
[0705] In other embodiments, an NS3 inhibitor compound and a Type
II interferon receptor agonist are co-administered in the treatment
methods of the embodiments. Type II interferon receptor agonists
suitable for use herein include any interferon-.gamma.
(IFN-.gamma.).
[0706] Effective dosages of IFN-.gamma. may range from about 0.5
.mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 500 .mu.g/m.sup.2, usually from about 1.5
.mu.g/m.sup.2 to 200 .mu.g/m.sup.2, depending on the size of the
patient. This activity is based on 10.sup.6 international units (U)
per 50 .mu.g of protein. IFN-.gamma. may be administered daily,
every other day, three times a week, or substantially continuously
or continuously.
[0707] In specific embodiments of interest, IFN-.gamma. is
administered to an individual in a unit dosage form of from about
25 .mu.g to about 500 .mu.g, from about 50 .mu.g to about 400
.mu.g, or from about 100 .mu.g to about 300 .mu.g. In particular
embodiments of interest, the dose is about 200 .mu.g IFN-.gamma..
In many embodiments of interest, IFN-.gamma.1b is administered.
[0708] Where the dosage is 200 .mu.g IFN-.gamma. per dose, the
amount of IFN-.gamma. per body weight (assuming a range of body
weights of from about 45 kg to about 135 kg) is in the range of
from about 4.4 .mu.g IFN-.gamma. per kg body weight to about 1.48
.mu.g IFN-.gamma. per kg body weight.
[0709] The body surface area of subject individuals generally
ranges from about 1.33 m.sup.2 to about 2.50 m.sup.2. Thus, in many
embodiments, an IFN-.gamma. dosage ranges from about 150
.mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 20 .mu.g/m.sup.2. For example, an
IFN-.gamma. dosage ranges from about 20 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 30
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 30 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 40
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 40 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 50
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 50 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 60
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 60 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 70
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 70 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 80
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 80 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 90
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 90 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 100
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 100 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 110
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 110 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 120
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 120 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 130
.mu.g/m.sup.2, from about 130 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 140
.mu.g/m.sup.2, or from about 140 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 150
.mu.g/m.sup.2. In some embodiments, the dosage groups range from
about 25 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to about 100 .mu.g/m.sup.2. In other
embodiments, the dosage groups range from about 25 .mu.g/m.sup.2 to
about 50 .mu.g/m.sup.2.
[0710] In some embodiments, a Type I or a Type III interferon
receptor agonist is administered in a first dosing regimen,
followed by a second dosing regimen. The first dosing regimen of
Type I or a Type III interferon receptor agonist (also referred to
as "the induction regimen") generally involves administration of a
higher dosage of the Type I or Type III interferon receptor
agonist. For example, in the case of Infergen.RTM. consensus
IFN-.alpha. (CIFN), the first dosing regimen comprises
administering CIFN at about 9 .mu.g, about 15 .mu.g, about 18
.mu.g, or about 27 .mu.g. The first dosing regimen may encompass a
single dosing event, or at least two or more dosing events. The
first dosing regimen of the Type I or Type III interferon receptor
agonist may be administered daily, every other day, three times a
week, every other week, three times per month, once monthly,
substantially continuously or continuously.
[0711] The first dosing regimen of the Type I or Type III
interferon receptor agonist is administered for a first period of
time, which time period may be at least about 4 weeks, at least
about 8 weeks, or at least about 12 weeks.
[0712] The second dosing regimen of the Type I or Type III
interferon receptor agonist (also referred to as "the maintenance
dose") generally involves administration of a lower amount of the
Type I or Type III interferon receptor agonist. For example, in the
case of CIFN, the second dosing regimen comprises administering
CIFN at a dose of at least about 3 .mu.g, at least about 9 .mu.g,
at least about 15 .mu.g, or at least about 18 .mu.g. The second
dosing regimen may encompass a single dosing event, or at least two
or more dosing events.
[0713] The second dosing regimen of the Type I or Type III
interferon receptor agonist may be administered daily, every other
day, three times a week, every other week, three times per month,
once monthly, substantially continuously or continuously.
[0714] In some embodiments, where an "induction"/"maintenance"
dosing regimen of a Type I or a Type III interferon receptor
agonist is administered, a "priming" dose of a Type II interferon
receptor agonist (e.g., IFN-.gamma.) is included. In these
embodiments, IFN-.gamma. is administered for a period of time from
about 1 day to about 14 days, from about 2 days to about 10 days,
or from about 3 days to about 7 days, before the beginning of
treatment with the Type I or Type III interferon receptor agonist.
This period of time is referred to as the "priming" phase.
[0715] In some of these embodiments, the Type II interferon
receptor agonist treatment is continued throughout the entire
period of treatment with the Type I or Type III interferon receptor
agonist. In other embodiments, the Type II interferon receptor
agonist treatment is discontinued before the end of treatment with
the Type I or Type III interferon receptor agonist. In these
embodiments, the total time of treatment with Type II interferon
receptor agonist (including the "priming" phase) is from about 2
days to about 30 days, from about 4 days to about 25 days, from
about 8 days to about 20 days, from about 10 days to about 18 days,
or from about 12 days to about 16 days. In still other embodiments,
the Type II interferon receptor agonist treatment is discontinued
once Type I or a Type III interferon receptor agonist treatment
begins.
[0716] In other embodiments, the Type I or Type III interferon
receptor agonist is administered in single dosing regimen. For
example, in the case of CIFN, the dose of CIFN is generally in a
range of from about 3 .mu.g to about 15 .mu.g, or from about 9
.mu.g to about 15 .mu.g. The dose of Type I or a Type III
interferon receptor agonist is generally administered daily, every
other day, three times a week, every other week, three times per
month, once monthly, or substantially continuously. The dose of the
Type I or Type III interferon receptor agonist is administered for
a period of time, which period may be, for example, from at least
about 24 weeks to at least about 48 weeks, or longer.
[0717] In some embodiments, where a single dosing regimen of a Type
I or a Type III interferon receptor agonist is administered, a
"priming" dose of a Type II interferon receptor agonist (e.g.,
IFN-.gamma.) is included. In these embodiments, IFN-.gamma. is
administered for a period of time from about 1 day to about 14
days, from about 2 days to about 10 days, or from about 3 days to
about 7 days, before the beginning of treatment with the Type I or
Type III interferon receptor agonist. This period of time is
referred to as the "priming" phase. In some of these embodiments,
the Type II interferon receptor agonist treatment is continued
throughout the entire period of treatment with the Type I or Type
III interferon receptor agonist. In other embodiments, the Type II
interferon receptor agonist treatment is discontinued before the
end of treatment with the Type I or Type III interferon receptor
agonist. In these embodiments, the total time of treatment with the
Type II interferon receptor agonist (including the "priming" phase)
is from about 2 days to about 30 days, from about 4 days to about
25 days, from about 8 days to about 20 days, from about 10 days to
about 18 days, or from about 12 days to about 16 days. In still
other embodiments, Type II interferon receptor agonist treatment is
discontinued once Type I or a Type III interferon receptor agonist
treatment begins.
[0718] In additional embodiments, an NS3 inhibitor compound, a Type
I or III interferon receptor agonist, and a Type II interferon
receptor agonist are co-administered for the desired duration of
treatment in the methods of the embodiments. In some embodiments,
an NS3 inhibitor compound, an interferon-.alpha., and an
interferon-.gamma. are co-administered for the desired duration of
treatment in the methods of the embodiments.
[0719] Some embodiments provide methods using an amount of a Type I
or Type III interferon receptor agonist, a Type II interferon
receptor agonist, and an NS3 inhibitor compound, effective for the
treatment of HCV infection in a patient. In some embodiments, the
embodiments provide methods using an effective amount of an
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma., and an NS3 inhibitor compound in the
treatment of HCV infection in a patient. One embodiment provides a
method using an effective amount of a consensus IFN-.alpha.,
IFN-.gamma. and an NS3 inhibitor compound in the treatment of HCV
infection in a patient.
[0720] In general, an effective amount of a consensus interferon
(CIFN) and IFN-.gamma. suitable for use in the methods of the
embodiments is provided by a dosage ratio of 1 .mu.g CIFN:10 .mu.g
IFN-.gamma., where both CIFN and IFN-.gamma. are unPEGylated and
unglycosylated species.
[0721] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to use an effective amount of INFERGEN.RTM. consensus
IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of HCV infection in a
patient comprising administering to the patient a dosage of
INFERGEN.RTM. containing an amount of about 1 .mu.g to about 30
.mu.g, of drug per dose of INFERGEN.RTM., subcutaneously qd, qod,
tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, in combination with a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of about 10 .mu.g to
about 300 .mu.g of drug per dose of IFN-.gamma., subcutaneously qd,
qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0722] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of INFERGEN.RTM.
consensus IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of virus
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of INFERGEN.RTM. containing an amount of about 1 .mu.g to
about 9 .mu.g, of drug per dose of INFERGEN.RTM., subcutaneously
qd, qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or
per day substantially continuously or continuously, in combination
with a dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of about 10 .mu.g
to about 100 .mu.g of drug per dose of IFN-.gamma., subcutaneously
qd, qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or
per day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0723] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of INFERGEN.RTM.
consensus IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of virus
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of INFERGEN.RTM. containing an amount of about 1 .mu.g of
drug per dose of INFERGEN.RTM., subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw,
qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, in combination with a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of about 10 .mu.g to
about 50 .mu.g of drug per dose of IFN-.gamma., subcutaneously qd,
qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0724] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of INFERGEN.RTM.
consensus IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of INFERGEN.RTM. containing an amount of about 9 .mu.g of
drug per dose of INFERGEN.RTM., subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw,
qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, in combination with a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of about 90 .mu.g to
about 100 .mu.g of drug per dose of IFN-.gamma., subcutaneously qd,
qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0725] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of INFERGEN.RTM.
consensus IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of INFERGEN.RTM. containing an amount of about 30 .mu.g of
drug per dose of INFERGEN.RTM., subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw,
qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, in combination with a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of about 200 .mu.g to
about 300 .mu.g of drug per dose of IFN-.gamma., subcutaneously qd,
qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0726] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEGylated consensus
IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus infection
in a patient comprising administering to the patient a dosage of
PEGylated consensus IFN-.alpha. (PEG-CIFN) containing an amount of
about 4 .mu.g to about 60 .mu.g of CIFN amino acid weight per dose
of PEG-CIFN, subcutaneously qw, qow, three times per month, or
monthly, in combination with a total weekly dosage of IFN-.gamma.
containing an amount of about 30 .mu.g to about 1,000 .mu.g of drug
per week in divided doses administered subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw,
biw, or administered substantially continuously or continuously,
for the desired duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0727] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEGylated consensus
IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus infection
in a patient comprising administering to the patient a dosage of
PEGylated consensus IFN-.alpha. (PEG-CIFN) containing an amount of
about 18 .mu.g to about 24 .mu.g of CIFN amino acid weight per dose
of PEG-CIFN, subcutaneously qw, qow, three times per month, or
monthly, in combination with a total weekly dosage of IFN-.gamma.
containing an amount of about 100 .mu.g to about 300 .mu.g of drug
per week in divided doses administered subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw,
biw, or substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0728] In general, an effective amount of IFN-.alpha.2a or 2b or 2c
and IFN-.gamma. suitable for use in the methods of the embodiments
is provided by a dosage ratio of 1 million Units (MU) IFN-.alpha.2a
or 2b or 2c: 30 .mu.g IFN-.gamma., where both IFN-.alpha.2a or 2b
or 2c and IFN-.gamma. are unPEGylated and unglycosylated
species.
[0729] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of IFN-.alpha.2a or 2b
or 2c and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus infection in a
patient comprising administering to the patient a dosage of
IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c containing an amount of about 1 MU to about
20 MU of drug per dose of IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c subcutaneously
qd, qod, tiw, biw, or per day substantially continuously or
continuously, in combination with a dosage of IFN-.gamma.
containing an amount of about 30 .mu.g to about 600 .mu.g of drug
per dose of IFN-.gamma., subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0730] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of IFN-.alpha.2a or 2b
or 2c and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus infection in a
patient comprising administering to the patient a dosage of
IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c containing an amount of about 3 MU of drug
per dose of IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw,
biw, or per day substantially continuously or continuously, in
combination with a dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of
about 100 .mu.g of drug per dose of IFN-.gamma., subcutaneously qd,
qod, tiw, biw, or per day substantially continuously or
continuously, for the desired duration of treatment with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0731] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of IFN-.alpha.2a or 2b
or 2c and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus infection in a
patient comprising administering to the patient a dosage of
IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c containing an amount of about 10 MU of drug
per dose of IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw,
biw, or per day substantially continuously or continuously, in
combination with a dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of
about 300 .mu.g of drug per dose of IFN-.gamma., subcutaneously qd,
qod, tiw, biw, or per day substantially continuously or
continuously, for the desired duration of treatment with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0732] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEGASYS.RTM.
PEGylated IFN-.alpha.2a and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of PEGASYS.RTM. containing an amount of about 90 .mu.g to
about 360 .mu.g, of drug per dose of PEGASYS.RTM., subcutaneously
qw, qow, three times per month, or monthly, in combination with a
total weekly dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of about 30
.mu.g to about 1,000 .mu.g, of drug per week administered in
divided doses subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or administered
substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0733] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEGASYS.RTM.
PEGylated IFN-.alpha.2a and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of PEGASYS.RTM. containing an amount of about 180 .mu.g of
drug per dose of PEGASYS.RTM., subcutaneously qw, qow, three times
per month, or monthly, in combination with a total weekly dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of about 100 .mu.g to about 300
.mu.g, of drug per week administered in divided doses
subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or administered substantially
continuously or continuously, for the desired duration of treatment
with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0734] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEG-INTRON.RTM.
PEGylated IFN-.alpha.2b and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of PEG-INTRON.RTM. containing an amount of about 0.75 .mu.g
to about 3.0 .mu.g of drug per kilogram of body weight per dose of
PEG-INTRON.RTM., subcutaneously qw, qow, three times per month, or
monthly, in combination with a total weekly dosage of IFN-.gamma.
containing an amount of about 30 .mu.g to about 1,000 .mu.g of drug
per week administered in divided doses subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw,
or biw, or administered substantially continuously or continuously,
for the desired duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0735] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEG-INTRON.RTM.
PEGylated IFN-.alpha.2b and IFN-.gamma. in the treatment of a virus
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of PEG-INTRON.RTM. containing an amount of about 1.5 .mu.g
of drug per kilogram of body weight per dose of PEG-INTRON.RTM.,
subcutaneously qw, qow, three times per month, or monthly, in
combination with a total weekly dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an
amount of about 100 .mu.g to about 300 .mu.g of drug per week
administered in divided doses subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw,
or administered substantially continuously or continuously, for the
desired duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0736] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
9 .mu.g INFERGEN.RTM. consensus IFN-.alpha. administered
subcutaneously qd or tiw, and ribavirin administered orally qd,
where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks. In this embodiment,
ribavirin is administered in an amount of 1000 mg for individuals
weighing less than 75 kg, and 1200 mg for individuals weighing 75
kg or more.
[0737] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
9 .mu.g INFERGEN.RTM. consensus IFN-.alpha. administered
subcutaneously qd or tiw; 50 .mu.g Actimmune.RTM. human
IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw; and ribavirin
administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an amount of 1000
mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and 1200 mg for
individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0738] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
9 .mu.g INFERGEN.RTM. consensus IFN-.alpha. administered
subcutaneously qd or tiw; 100 .mu.g Actimmune.RTM. human
IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw; and ribavirin
administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an amount of 1000
mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and 1200 mg for
individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0739] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
9 .mu.g INFERGEN.RTM. consensus IFN-.alpha. administered
subcutaneously qd or tiw; and 50 .mu.g Actimmune.RTM. human
IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw, where the duration
of therapy is 48 weeks.
[0740] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
9 .mu.g INFERGEN.RTM. consensus IFN-.alpha. administered
subcutaneously qd or tiw; and 100 .mu.g Actimmune.RTM. human
IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw, where the duration
of therapy is 48 weeks.
[0741] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
9 .mu.g INFERGEN.RTM. consensus IFN-.alpha. administered
subcutaneously qd or tiw; 25 .mu.g Actimmune.RTM. human
IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw; and ribavirin
administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an amount of 1000
mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and 1200 mg for
individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0742] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
9 .mu.g INFERGEN.RTM. consensus IFN-.alpha. administered
subcutaneously qd or tiw; 200 .mu.g Actimmune.RTM. human
IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw; and ribavirin
administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an amount of 1000
mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and 1200 mg for
individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0743] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
9 .mu.g INFERGEN.RTM. consensus IFN-.alpha. administered
subcutaneously qd or tiw; and 25 .mu.g Actimmune.RTM. human
IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw, where the duration
of therapy is 48 weeks.
[0744] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
9 .mu.g INFERGEN.RTM. consensus IFN-.alpha. administered
subcutaneously qd or tiw; and 200 .mu.g Actimmune.RTM. human
IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw, where the duration
of therapy is 48 weeks.
[0745] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
100 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw, and ribavirin
administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an amount of 1000
mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and 1200 mg for
individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0746] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
100 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; 50 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw;
and ribavirin administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy
is 48 weeks. In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an
amount of 1000 mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and
1200 mg for individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0747] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
100 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; 100 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw;
and ribavirin administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy
is 48 weeks. In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an
amount of 1000 mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and
1200 mg for individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0748] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
100 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; and 50 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw,
where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
[0749] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
100 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; and 100 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw,
where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
[0750] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
150 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw, and ribavirin
administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an amount of 1000
mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and 1200 mg for
individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0751] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
150 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; 50 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw;
and ribavirin administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy
is 48 weeks. In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an
amount of 1000 mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and
1200 mg for individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0752] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
150 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; 100 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw;
and ribavirin administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy
is 48 weeks. In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an
amount of 1000 mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and
1200 mg for individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0753] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
150 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; and 50 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw,
where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
[0754] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
150 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; and 100 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw,
where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
[0755] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
200 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw, and ribavirin
administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an amount of 1000
mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and 1200 mg for
individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0756] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
200 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; 50 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw;
and ribavirin administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy
is 48 weeks. In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an
amount of 1000 mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and
1200 mg for individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0757] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
200 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; 100 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw;
and ribavirin administered orally qd, where the duration of therapy
is 48 weeks. In this embodiment, ribavirin is administered in an
amount of 1000 mg for individuals weighing less than 75 kg, and
1200 mg for individuals weighing 75 kg or more.
[0758] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
200 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; and 50 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw,
where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
[0759] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to comprise administering to an individual having an HCV
infection an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor; and a regimen of
200 .mu.g monoPEG(30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
administered subcutaneously every 10 days or qw; and 100 .mu.g
Actimmune.RTM. human IFN-.gamma.1b administered subcutaneously tiw,
where the duration of therapy is 48 weeks.
[0760] Any of the above-described methods involving administering
an NS3 inhibitor, a Type I interferon receptor agonist (e.g., an
IFN-.alpha.), and a Type II interferon receptor agonist (e.g., an
IFN-.gamma.), may be augmented by administration of an effective
amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist (e.g., a TNF-.alpha. antagonist
other than pirfenidone or a pirfenidone analog). Exemplary,
non-limiting TNF-.alpha. antagonists that are suitable for use in
such combination therapies include ENBREL.RTM., REMICADE.RTM., and
HUMIRA.TM..
[0761] One embodiment provides a method using an effective amount
of ENBREL.RTM.; an effective amount of IFN-.alpha.; an effective
amount of IFN-.gamma.; and an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor
in the treatment of an HCV infection in a patient, comprising
administering to the patient a dosage ENBREL.RTM. containing an
amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 23 mg per dose, from about
0.1 .mu.g to about 1 .mu.g, from about 1 .mu.g to about 10 .mu.g,
from about 10 .mu.g to about 100 .mu.g, from about 100 .mu.g to
about 1 mg, from about 1 mg to about 5 mg, from about 5 mg to about
10 mg, from about 10 mg to about 15 mg, from about 15 mg to about
20 mg, or from about 20 mg to about 23 mg of ENBREL.RTM.,
subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month,
once monthly, or once every other month, or per day substantially
continuously or continuously, for the desired duration of
treatment.
[0762] One embodiment provides a method using an effective amount
of REMICADE.RTM., an effective amount of IFN-.alpha. with or
without an effective amount of IFN-.gamma.; and an effective amount
of an NS3 inhibitor in the treatment of an HCV infection in a
patient, comprising administering to the patient a dosage of
REMICADE.RTM. containing an amount of from about 0.1 mg/kg to about
4.5 mg/kg, from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 0.5 mg/kg, from about 0.5
mg/kg to about 1.0 mg/kg, from about 1.0 mg/kg to about 1.5 mg/kg,
from about 1.5 mg/kg to about 2.0 mg/kg, from about 2.0 mg/kg to
about 2.5 mg/kg, from about 2.5 mg/kg to about 3.0 mg/kg, from
about 3.0 mg/kg to about 3.5 mg/kg, from about 3.5 mg/kg to about
4.0 mg/kg, or from about 4.0 mg/kg to about 4.5 mg/kg per dose of
REMICADE.RTM., intravenously qd, qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three
times per month, once monthly, or once every other month, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment.
[0763] One embodiment provides a method using an effective amount
of HUMIRA.TM., an effective amount of IFN-.alpha.; an effective
amount of IFN-.gamma.; and an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor
in the treatment of an HCV infection in a patient, comprising
administering to the patient a dosage of HUMIRA.TM. containing an
amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 35 mg, from about 0.1 .mu.g
to about 1 .mu.g, from about 1 .mu.g to about 10 .mu.g, from about
10 .mu.g to about 100 .mu.g, from about 100 .mu.g to about 1 mg,
from about 1 mg to about 5 mg, from about 5 mg to about 10 mg, from
about 10 mg to about 15 mg, from about 15 mg to about 20 mg, from
about 20 mg to about 25 mg, from about 25 mg to about 30 mg, or
from about 30 mg to about 35 mg per dose of a HUMIRA.TM.,
subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month,
once monthly, or once every other month, or per day substantially
continuously or continuously, for the desired duration of
treatment.
Combination Therapies with Pirfenidone
[0764] In many embodiments, the methods provide for combination
therapy comprising administering an NS3 inhibitor compound as
described above, and an effective amount of pirfenidone or a
pirfenidone analog. In some embodiments, an NS3 inhibitor compound,
one or more interferon receptor agonist(s), and pirfenidone or
pirfenidone analog are co-administered in the treatment methods of
the embodiments. In certain embodiments, an NS3 inhibitor compound,
a Type I interferon receptor agonist, and pirfenidone (or a
pirfenidone analog) are co-administered. In other embodiments, an
NS3 inhibitor compound, a Type I interferon receptor agonist, a
Type II interferon receptor agonist, and pirfenidone (or a
pirfenidone analog) are co-administered. Type I interferon receptor
agonists suitable for use herein include any IFN-.alpha., such as
interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfacon-1, and
PEGylated IFN-.alpha.'s, such as peginterferon alfa-2a,
peginterferon alfa-2b, and PEGylated consensus interferons, such as
monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus interferon. Type II
interferon receptor agonists suitable for use herein include any
interferon-.gamma..
[0765] Pirfenidone or a pirfenidone analog may be administered once
per month, twice per month, three times per month, once per week,
twice per week, three times per week, four times per week, five
times per week, six times per week, daily, or in divided daily
doses ranging from once daily to 5 times daily over a period of
time ranging from about one day to about one week, from about two
weeks to about four weeks, from about one month to about two
months, from about two months to about four months, from about four
months to about six months, from about six months to about eight
months, from about eight months to about 1 year, from about 1 year
to about 2 years, or from about 2 years to about 4 years, or
more.
[0766] Effective dosages of pirfenidone or a specific pirfenidone
analog include a weight-based dosage in the range from about 5
mg/kg/day to about 125 mg/kg/day, or a fixed dosage of about 400 mg
to about 3600 mg per day, or about 800 mg to about 2400 mg per day,
or about 1000 mg to about 1800 mg per day, or about 1200 mg to
about 1600 mg per day, administered orally in one to five divided
doses per day. Other doses and formulations of pirfenidone and
specific pirfenidone analogs suitable for use in the treatment of
fibrotic diseases are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,310,562;
5,518,729; 5,716,632; and 6,090,822.
[0767] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to include co-administering to the patient a
therapeutically effective amount of pirfenidone or a pirfenidone
analog for the duration of the desired course of NS3 inhibitor
compound treatment.
Combination Therapies with TNF-.alpha. Antagonists
[0768] In many embodiments, the methods provide for combination
therapy comprising administering an effective amount of an NS3
inhibitor compound as described above, and an effective amount of
TNF-.alpha. antagonist, in combination therapy for treatment of an
HCV infection.
[0769] Effective dosages of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist range from 0.1
.mu.g to 40 mg per dose, e.g., from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 0.5
.mu.g per dose, from about 0.5 .mu.g to about 1.0 .mu.g per dose,
from about 1.0 .mu.g per dose to about 5.0 .mu.g per dose, from
about 5.0 .mu.g to about 10 .mu.g per dose, from about 10 .mu.g to
about 20 .mu.g per dose, from about 20 .mu.g per dose to about 30
.mu.g per dose, from about 30 .mu.g per dose to about 40 .mu.g per
dose, from about 40 .mu.g per dose to about 50 .mu.g per dose, from
about 50 .mu.g per dose to about 60 .mu.g per dose, from about 60
.mu.g per dose to about 70 .mu.g per dose, from about 70 .mu.g to
about 80 .mu.g per dose, from about 80 .mu.g per dose to about 100
.mu.g per dose, from about 100 .mu.g to about 150 .mu.g per dose,
from about 150 .mu.g to about 200 .mu.g per dose, from about 200
.mu.g per dose to about 250 .mu.g per dose, from about 250 .mu.g to
about 300 .mu.g per dose, from about 300 .mu.g to about 400 .mu.g
per dose, from about 400 .mu.g to about 500 .mu.g per dose, from
about 500 .mu.g to about 600 .mu.g per dose, from about 600 .mu.g
to about 700 .mu.g per dose, from about 700 .mu.g to about 800
.mu.g per dose, from about 800 .mu.g to about 900 .mu.g per dose,
from about 900 .mu.g to about 1000 .mu.g per dose, from about 1 mg
to about 10 mg per dose, from about 10 mg to about 15 mg per dose,
from about 15 mg to about 20 mg per dose, from about 20 mg to about
25 mg per dose, from about 25 mg to about 30 mg per dose, from
about 30 mg to about 35 mg per dose, or from about 35 mg to about
40 mg per dose.
[0770] In some embodiments, effective dosages of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist are expressed as mg/kg body weight. In these
embodiments, effective dosages of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist are from
about 0.1 mg/kg body weight to about 10 mg/kg body weight, e.g.,
from about 0.1 mg/kg body weight to about 0.5 mg/kg body weight,
from about 0.5 mg/kg body weight to about 1.0 mg/kg body weight,
from about 1.0 mg/kg body weight to about 2.5 mg/kg body weight,
from about 2.5 mg/kg body weight to about 5.0 mg/kg body weight,
from about 5.0 mg/kg body weight to about 7.5 mg/kg body weight, or
from about 7.5 mg/kg body weight to about 10 mg/kg body weight.
[0771] In many embodiments, a TNF-.alpha. antagonist is
administered for a period of about 1 day to about 7 days, or about
1 week to about 2 weeks, or about 2 weeks to about 3 weeks, or
about 3 weeks to about 4 weeks, or about 1 month to about 2 months,
or about 3 months to about 4 months, or about 4 months to about 6
months, or about 6 months to about 8 months, or about 8 months to
about 12 months, or at least one year, and may be administered over
longer periods of time. The TNF-.alpha. antagonist may be
administered tid, bid, qd, qod, biw, tiw, qw, qow, three times per
month, once monthly, substantially continuously, or
continuously.
[0772] In many embodiments, multiple doses of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist are administered. For example, a TNF-.alpha. antagonist
is administered once per month, twice per month, three times per
month, every other week (qow), once per week (qw), twice per week
(biw), three times per week (tiw), four times per week, five times
per week, six times per week, every other day (qod), daily (qd),
twice a day (bid), or three times a day (tid), substantially
continuously, or continuously, over a period of time ranging from
about one day to about one week, from about two weeks to about four
weeks, from about one month to about two months, from about two
months to about four months, from about four months to about six
months, from about six months to about eight months, from about
eight months to about 1 year, from about 1 year to about 2 years,
or from about 2 years to about 4 years, or more.
[0773] A TNF-.alpha. antagonist and an NS3 inhibitor are generally
administered in separate formulations. A TNF-.alpha. antagonist and
an NS3 inhibitor may be administered substantially simultaneously,
or within about 30 minutes, about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 4
hours, about 8 hours, about 16 hours, about 24 hours, about 36
hours, about 72 hours, about 4 days, about 7 days, or about 2 weeks
of one another.
[0774] One embodiment provides a method using an effective amount
of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist and an effective amount of an NS3
inhibitor in the treatment of an HCV infection in a patient,
comprising administering to the patient a dosage of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist containing an amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40
mg per dose of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod,
tiw, or biw, or per day substantially continuously or continuously,
for the desired duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0775] One embodiment provides a method using an effective amount
of ENBREL.RTM. and an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor in the
treatment of an HCV infection in a patient, comprising
administering to the patient a dosage ENBREL.RTM. containing an
amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 23 mg per dose, from about
0.1 .mu.g to about 1 .mu.g, from about 1 .mu.g to about 10 .mu.g,
from about 10 .mu.g to about 100 .mu.g, from about 100 .mu.g to
about 1 mg, from about 1 mg to about 5 mg, from about 5 mg to about
10 mg, from about 10 mg to about 15 mg, from about 15 mg to about
20 mg, or from about 20 mg to about 23 mg of ENBREL.RTM.,
subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month,
once monthly, or once every other month, or per day substantially
continuously or continuously, for the desired duration of treatment
with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0776] One embodiment provides a method using an effective amount
of REMICADE.RTM. and an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor in the
treatment of an HCV infection in a patient, comprising
administering to the patient a dosage of REMICADE.RTM. containing
an amount of from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 4.5 mg/kg, from about
0.1 mg/kg to about 0.5 mg/kg, from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 1.0
mg/kg, from about 1.0 mg/kg to about 1.5 mg/kg, from about 1.5
mg/kg to about 2.0 mg/kg, from about 2.0 mg/kg to about 2.5 mg/kg,
from about 2.5 mg/kg to about 3.0 mg/kg, from about 3.0 mg/kg to
about 3.5 mg/kg, from about 3.5 mg/kg to about 4.0 mg/kg, or from
about 4.0 mg/kg to about 4.5 mg/kg per dose of REMICADE.RTM.,
intravenously qd, qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month,
once monthly, or once every other month, or per day substantially
continuously or continuously, for the desired duration of treatment
with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0777] One embodiment provides a method using an effective amount
of HUMIRA.TM. and an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor in the
treatment of an HCV infection in a patient, comprising
administering to the patient a dosage of HUMIRA.TM. containing an
amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 35 mg, from about 0.1 .mu.g
to about 1 .mu.g, from about 1 .mu.g to about 10 .mu.g, from about
10 .mu.g to about 100 .mu.g, from about 100 .mu.g to about 1 mg,
from about 1 mg to about 5 mg, from about 5 mg to about 10 mg, from
about 10 mg to about 15 mg, from about 15 mg to about 20 mg, from
about 20 mg to about 25 mg, from about 25 mg to about 30 mg, or
from about 30 mg to about 35 mg per dose of a HUMIRA.TM.,
subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month,
once monthly, or once every other month, or per day substantially
continuously or continuously, for the desired duration of treatment
with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
Combination Therapies with Thymosin-.alpha.
[0778] In many embodiments, the methods provide for combination
therapy comprising administering an effective amount of an NS3
inhibitor compound as described above, and an effective amount of
thymosin-.alpha., in combination therapy for treatment of an HCV
infection.
[0779] Effective dosages of thymosin-.alpha. range from about 0.5
mg to about 5 mg, e.g., from about 0.5 mg to about 1.0 mg, from
about 1.0 mg to about 1.5 mg, from about 1.5 mg to about 2.0 mg,
from about 2.0 mg to about 2.5 mg, from about 2.5 mg to about 3.0
mg, from about 3.0 mg to about 3.5 mg, from about 3.5 mg to about
4.0 mg, from about 4.0 mg to about 4.5 mg, or from about 4.5 mg to
about 5.0 mg. In particular embodiments, thymosin-.alpha. is
administered in dosages containing an amount of 1.0 mg or 1.6
mg.
[0780] One embodiment provides a method using an effective amount
of ZADAXIN.TM. thymosin-.alpha. and an effective amount of an NS3
inhibitor in the treatment of an HCV infection in a patient,
comprising administering to the patient a dosage of ZADAXIN.TM.
containing an amount of from about 1.0 mg to about 1.6 mg per dose,
subcutaneously twice per week for the desired duration of treatment
with the NS3 inhibitor compound.
Combination Therapies with a TNF-.alpha. Antagonist and an
Interferon
[0781] Some embodiments provide a method of treating an HCV
infection in an individual having an HCV infection, the method
comprising administering an effective amount of an NS3 inhibitor,
and effective amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist, and an effective
amount of one or more interferons.
[0782] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to use an effective amount of IFN-.gamma. and an effective
amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in the treatment of HCV
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of about 10 .mu.g to
about 300 .mu.g of drug per dose of IFN-.gamma., subcutaneously qd,
qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, in combination with
a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an amount of from
about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0783] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to use an effective amount of IFN-.gamma. and an effective
amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in the treatment of HCV
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of about 10 .mu.g to
about 100 .mu.g of drug per dose of IFN-.gamma., subcutaneously qd,
qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, in combination with
a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an amount of from
about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0784] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of IFN-.gamma. and an
effective amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in the treatment of a
virus infection in a patient comprising administering to the
patient a total weekly dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount
of about 30 .mu.g to about 1,000 .mu.g of drug per week in divided
doses administered subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw, or
administered substantially continuously or continuously, in
combination with a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an
amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a
TNF-.alpha. antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0785] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of IFN-.gamma. and an
effective amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in the treatment of a
virus infection in a patient comprising administering to the
patient a total weekly dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount
of about 100 .mu.g to about 300 .mu.g of drug per week in divided
doses administered subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw, or
administered substantially continuously or continuously, in
combination with a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an
amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a
TNF-.alpha. antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0786] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to use an effective amount of INFERGEN.RTM. consensus
IFN-.alpha. and a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in the treatment of HCV
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of INFERGEN.RTM. containing an amount of about 1 .mu.g to
about 30 .mu.g, of drug per dose of INFERGEN.RTM., subcutaneously
qd, qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or
per day substantially continuously or continuously, in combination
with a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an amount of
from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0787] One embodiment provides any of the above-described methods
modified to use an effective amount of INFERGEN.RTM. consensus
IFN-.alpha. and a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in the treatment of HCV
infection in a patient comprising administering to the patient a
dosage of INFERGEN.RTM. containing an amount of about 1 .mu.g to
about 9 .mu.g, of drug per dose of INFERGEN.RTM., subcutaneously
qd, qod, tiw, biw, qw, qow, three times per month, once monthly, or
per day substantially continuously or continuously, in combination
with a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an amount of
from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0788] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEGylated consensus
IFN-.alpha. and an effective amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in
the treatment of a virus infection in a patient comprising
administering to the patient a dosage of PEGylated consensus
IFN-.alpha. (PEG-CIFN) containing an amount of about 4 .mu.g to
about 60 .mu.g of CIFN amino acid weight per dose of PEG-CIFN,
subcutaneously qw, qow, three times per month, or monthly, in
combination with a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an
amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a
TNF-.alpha. antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0789] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEGylated consensus
IFN-.alpha. and an effective amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in
the treatment of a virus infection in a patient comprising
administering to the patient a dosage of PEGylated consensus
IFN-.alpha. (PEG-CIFN) containing an amount of about 18 .mu.g to
about 24 .mu.g of CIFN amino acid weight per dose of PEG-CIFN,
subcutaneously qw, qow, three times per month, or monthly, in
combination with a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an
amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a
TNF-.alpha. antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0790] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of IFN-.alpha.2a or 2b
or 2c and an effective amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in the
treatment of a virus infection in a patient comprising
administering to the patient a dosage of IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c
containing an amount of about 1 MU to about 20 MU of drug per dose
of IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, in combination with
a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an amount of from
about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0791] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of IFN-.alpha.2a or 2b
or 2c and an effective amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in the
treatment of a virus infection in a patient comprising
administering to the patient a dosage of IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c
containing an amount of about 3 MU of drug per dose of
IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, in combination with
a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an amount of from
about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0792] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of IFN-.alpha.2a or 2b
or 2c and an effective amount of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist in the
treatment of a virus infection in a patient comprising
administering to the patient a dosage of IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c
containing an amount of about 10 MU of drug per dose of
IFN-.alpha.2a, 2b or 2c subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, biw, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, in combination with
a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an amount of from
about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per day
substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0793] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEGASYS.RTM.
PEGylated IFN-.alpha.2a and an effective amount of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist in the treatment of a virus infection in a patient
comprising administering to the patient a dosage of PEGASYS.RTM.
containing an amount of about 90 .mu.g to about 360 .mu.g, of drug
per dose of PEGASYS.RTM., subcutaneously qw, qow, three times per
month, or monthly, in combination with a dosage of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist containing an amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40
mg per dose of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod,
tiw, or biw, or per day substantially continuously or continuously,
for the desired duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0794] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEGASYS.RTM.
PEGylated IFN-.alpha.2a and an effective amount of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist in the treatment of a virus infection in a patient
comprising administering to the patient a dosage of PEGASYS.RTM.
containing an amount of about 180 .mu.g, of drug per dose of
PEGASYS.RTM., subcutaneously qw, qow, three times per month, or
monthly, in combination with a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist
containing an amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per
dose of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or
biw, or per day substantially continuously or continuously, for the
desired duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0795] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEG-INTRON.RTM.
PEGylated IFN-.alpha.2b and an effective amount of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist in the treatment of a virus infection in a patient
comprising administering to the patient a dosage of PEG-INTRON.RTM.
containing an amount of about 0.75 .mu.g to about 3.0 .mu.g of drug
per kilogram of body weight per dose of PEG-INTRON.RTM.,
subcutaneously qw, qow, three times per month, or monthly, in
combination with a dosage of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an
amount of from about 0.1 .mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a
TNF-.alpha. antagonist, subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per
day substantially continuously or continuously, for the desired
duration of treatment with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0796] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods modified to use an effective amount of PEG-INTRON.RTM.
PEGylated IFN-.alpha.2b and an effective amount of a TNF-.alpha.
antagonist in the treatment of a virus infection in a patient
comprising administering to the patient a dosage of PEG-INTRON.RTM.
containing an amount of about 1.5 .mu.g of drug per kilogram of
body weight per dose of PEG-INTRON.RTM., subcutaneously qw, qow,
three times per month, or monthly, in combination with a dosage of
a TNF-.alpha. antagonist containing an amount of from about 0.1
.mu.g to about 40 mg per dose of a TNF-.alpha. antagonist,
subcutaneously qd, qod, tiw, or biw, or per day substantially
continuously or continuously, for the desired duration of treatment
with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
Combination Therapies with Other Antiviral Agents
[0797] Other agents such as inhibitors of HCV NS3 helicase are also
attractive drugs for combinational therapy, and are contemplated
for use in combination therapies described herein. Ribozymes such
as Heptazyme.TM. and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides which are
complementary to HCV protein sequences and which inhibit the
expression of viral core proteins are also suitable for use in
combination therapies described herein.
[0798] In some embodiments, the additional antiviral agent(s) is
administered during the entire course of treatment with the NS3
inhibitor compound of the embodiments, and the beginning and end of
the treatment periods coincide. In other embodiments, the
additional antiviral agent(s) is administered for a period of time
that is overlapping with that of the NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment, e.g., treatment with the additional antiviral agent(s)
begins before the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment begins and ends
before the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment ends; treatment with
the additional antiviral agent(s) begins after the NS3 inhibitor
compound treatment begins and ends after the NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment ends; treatment with the additional antiviral agent(s)
begins after the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment begins and ends
before the NS3 inhibitor compound treatment ends; or treatment with
the additional antiviral agent(s) begins before the NS3 inhibitor
compound treatment begins and ends after the NS3 inhibitor compound
treatment ends.
[0799] The NS3 inhibitor compound may be administered together with
(i.e., simultaneously in separate formulations; simultaneously in
the same formulation; administered in separate formulations and
within about 48 hours, within about 36 hours, within about 24
hours, within about 16 hours, within about 12 hours, within about 8
hours, within about 4 hours, within about 2 hours, within about 1
hour, within about 30 minutes, or within about 15 minutes or less)
one or more additional antiviral agents.
[0800] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. regimen may be modified to replace the
subject IFN-.alpha. regimen with a regimen of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. comprising administering a
dosage of monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously
once weekly, once every 8 days, or once every 10 days for the
desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0801] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. regimen may be modified to replace the
subject IFN-.alpha. regimen with a regimen of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. comprising administering a
dosage of monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
containing an amount of 150 .mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously
once weekly, once every 8 days, or once every 10 days for the
desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0802] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. regimen may be modified to replace the
subject IFN-.alpha. regimen with a regimen of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. comprising administering a
dosage of monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha.
containing an amount of 200 .mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously
once weekly, once every 8 days, or once every 10 days for the
desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0803] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. regimen may be modified to replace the
subject IFN-.alpha. regimen with a regimen of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 comprising administering a dosage of
INFERGEN.RTM. interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g
of drug per dose, subcutaneously once daily or three times per week
for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0804] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. regimen may be modified to replace the
subject IFN-.alpha. regimen with a regimen of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 comprising administering a dosage of
INFERGEN.RTM. interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g
of drug per dose, subcutaneously once daily or three times per week
for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0805] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.gamma. regimen may be modified to replace the
subject IFN-.gamma. regimen with a regimen of IFN-.gamma.
comprising administering a dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an
amount of 25 .mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously three times per
week for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0806] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.gamma. regimen may be modified to replace the
subject IFN-.gamma. regimen with a regimen of IFN-.gamma.
comprising administering a dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an
amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously three times per
week for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0807] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.gamma. regimen may be modified to replace the
subject IFN-.gamma. regimen with a regimen of IFN-.gamma.
comprising administering a dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an
amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously three times
per week for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0808] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 100
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0809] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring a TNF antagonist regimen may be modified to replace the
subject TNF antagonist regimen with a TNF antagonist regimen
comprising administering a dosage of a TNF antagonist selected from
the group of: (a) etanercept in an amount of 25 mg of drug per dose
subcutaneously twice per week, (b) infliximab in an amount of 3 mg
of drug per kilogram of body weight per dose intravenously at weeks
0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter, or (c) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg of drug per dose subcutaneously once weekly or once
every 2 weeks; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0810] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen can be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 100
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0811] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 150
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0812] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 150
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0813] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 200
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0814] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 200
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0815] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 25 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired
treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0816] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired
treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0817] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired
treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0818] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 25 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0819] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0820] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0821] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 25 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired
treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0822] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired
treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0823] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired
treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0824] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 25 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0825] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0826] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination regimen may be
modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma.
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; and (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0827] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 100
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0828] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 100
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0829] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 150
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0830] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 150
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0831] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 200
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0832] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of monoPEG (30 kD,
linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an amount of 200
.mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly, once every 8
days, or once every 10 days; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0833] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 25 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a
dosage of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an
amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in
an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously
at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii)
adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once
every other week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0834] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a
dosage of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an
amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in
an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously
at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii)
adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once
every other week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0835] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a
dosage of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an
amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in
an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously
at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii)
adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once
every other week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0836] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 25 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0837] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0838] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0839] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 25 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a
dosage of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an
amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in
an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously
at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii)
adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once
every other week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0840] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a
dosage of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an
amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in
an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously
at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii)
adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once
every other week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0841] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; (b) administering a
dosage of IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a
dosage of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an
amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in
an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously
at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii)
adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once
every other week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0842] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 25 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0843] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0844] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen may be modified to replace the subject
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen
with an IFN-.alpha., IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination
regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of INFERGEN.RTM.
interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once daily; (b) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (c) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0845] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist combination regimen may
be modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of
monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an
amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly,
once every 8 days, or once every 10 days; and (b) administering a
dosage of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an
amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in
an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously
at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii)
adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once
every other week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0846] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist combination regimen may
be modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of
monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an
amount of 150 .mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly,
once every 8 days, or once every 10 days; and (b) administering a
dosage of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an
amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in
an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously
at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii)
adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once
every other week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0847] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist combination regimen may
be modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of
monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. containing an
amount of 200 .mu.g of drug per dose, subcutaneously once weekly,
once every 8 days, or once every 10 days; and (b) administering a
dosage of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an
amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in
an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously
at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii)
adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once
every other week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0848] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist combination regimen may
be modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of
INFERGEN.RTM. interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 9 .mu.g
of drug per dose, subcutaneously once daily or three times per
week; and (b) administering a dosage of a TNF antagonist selected
from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per
week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of
body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks
thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously
once weekly or once every other week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0849] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist combination regimen may
be modified to replace the subject IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen with an IFN-.alpha. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of
INFERGEN.RTM. interferon alfacon-1 containing an amount of 15 .mu.g
of drug per dose, subcutaneously once daily or three times per
week; and (b) administering a dosage of a TNF antagonist selected
from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25 mg subcutaneously twice per
week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3 mg of drug per kilogram of
body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks
thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an amount of 40 mg subcutaneously
once weekly or once every other week; for the desired treatment
duration with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0850] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen may
be modified to replace the subject IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen with an IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 25 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (b) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0851] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen may
be modified to replace the subject IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen with an IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 50 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (b) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0852] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist combination regimen may
be modified to replace the subject IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen with an IFN-.gamma. and TNF antagonist
combination regimen comprising: (a) administering a dosage of
IFN-.gamma. containing an amount of 100 .mu.g of drug per dose,
subcutaneously three times per week; and (b) administering a dosage
of a TNF antagonist selected from (i) etanercept in an amount of 25
mg subcutaneously twice per week, (ii) infliximab in an amount of 3
mg of drug per kilogram of body weight intravenously at weeks 0, 2
and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter or (iii) adalimumab in an
amount of 40 mg subcutaneously once weekly or once every other
week; for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0853] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
that includes a regimen of monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus
IFN-.alpha. may be modified to replace the regimen of monoPEG (30
kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. with a regimen of
peginterferon alfa-2a comprising administering a dosage of
peginterferon alfa-2a containing an amount of 180 .mu.g of drug per
dose, subcutaneously once weekly for the desired treatment duration
with an NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0854] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
that includes a regimen of monoPEG (30 kD, linear)-ylated consensus
IFN-.alpha. may be modified to replace the regimen of monoPEG (30
kD, linear)-ylated consensus IFN-.alpha. with a regimen of
peginterferon alfa-2b comprising administering a dosage of
peginterferon alfa-2b containing an amount of 1.0 .mu.g to 1.5
.mu.g of drug per kilogram of body weight per dose, subcutaneously
once or twice weekly for the desired treatment duration with an NS3
inhibitor compound.
[0855] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
may be modified to include administering a dosage of ribavirin
containing an amount of 400 mg, 800 mg, 1000 mg or 1200 mg of drug
orally per day, optionally in two or more divided doses per day,
for the desired treatment duration with an NS3 inhibitor
compound.
[0856] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
may be modified to include administering a dosage of ribavirin
containing (i) an amount of 1000 mg of drug orally per day for
patients having a body weight of less than 75 kg or (ii) an amount
of 1200 mg of drug orally per day for patients having a body weight
of greater than or equal to 75 kg, optionally in two or more
divided doses per day, for the desired treatment duration with an
NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0857] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
may be modified to replace the subject NS3 inhibitor regimen with
an NS3 inhibitor regimen comprising administering a dosage of 0.01
mg to 0.1 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight orally daily,
optionally in two or more divided doses per day, for the desired
treatment duration with the NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0858] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
may be modified to replace the subject NS3 inhibitor regimen with
an NS3 inhibitor regimen comprising administering a dosage of 0.1
mg to 1 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight orally daily,
optionally in two or more divided doses per day, for the desired
treatment duration with the NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0859] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
may be modified to replace the subject NS3 inhibitor regimen with
an NS3 inhibitor regimen comprising administering a dosage of 1 mg
to 10 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight orally daily,
optionally in two or more divided doses per day, for the desired
treatment duration with the NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0860] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
may be modified to replace the subject NS3 inhibitor regimen with
an NS3 inhibitor regimen comprising administering a dosage of 10 mg
to 100 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight orally daily,
optionally in two or more divided doses per day, for the desired
treatment duration with the NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0861] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an NS5B inhibitor regimen may be modified to replace the
subject NS5B inhibitor regimen with an NS5B inhibitor regimen
comprising administering a dosage of 0.01 mg to 0.1 mg of drug per
kilogram of body weight orally daily, optionally in two or more
divided doses per day, for the desired treatment duration with an
NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0862] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an NS5B inhibitor regimen may be modified to replace the
subject NS5B inhibitor regimen with an NS5B inhibitor regimen
comprising administering a dosage of 0.1 mg to 1 mg of drug per
kilogram of body weight orally daily, optionally in two or more
divided doses per day, for the desired treatment duration with an
NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0863] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an NS5B inhibitor regimen may be modified to replace the
subject NS5B inhibitor regimen with an NS5B inhibitor regimen
comprising administering a dosage of 1 mg to 10 mg of drug per
kilogram of body weight orally daily, optionally in two or more
divided doses per day, for the desired treatment duration with an
NS3 inhibitor compound.
[0864] As non-limiting examples, any of the above-described methods
featuring an NS5B inhibitor regimen may be modified to replace the
subject NS5B inhibitor regimen with an NS5B inhibitor regimen
comprising administering a dosage of 10 mg to 100 mg of drug per
kilogram of body weight orally daily, optionally in two or more
divided doses per day, for the desired treatment duration with an
NS3 inhibitor compound.
Patient Identification
[0865] In certain embodiments, the specific regimen of drug therapy
used in treatment of the HCV patient is selected according to
certain disease parameters exhibited by the patient, such as the
initial viral load, genotype of the HCV infection in the patient,
liver histology and/or stage of liver fibrosis in the patient.
[0866] Thus, some embodiments provide any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of HCV infection in which the subject
method is modified to treat a treatment failure patient for a
duration of 48 weeks.
[0867] Other embodiments provide any of the above-described methods
for HCV in which the subject method is modified to treat a
non-responder patient, where the patient receives a 48 week course
of therapy.
[0868] Other embodiments provide any of the above-described methods
for the treatment of HCV infection in which the subject method is
modified to treat a relapser patient, where the patient receives a
48 week course of therapy.
[0869] Other embodiments provide any of the above-described methods
for the treatment of HCV infection in which the subject method is
modified to treat a naive patient infected with HCV genotype 1,
where the patient receives a 48 week course of therapy.
[0870] Other embodiments provide any of the above-described methods
for the treatment of HCV infection in which the subject method is
modified to treat a naive patient infected with HCV genotype 4,
where the patient receives a 48 week course of therapy.
[0871] Other embodiments provide any of the above-described methods
for the treatment of HCV infection in which the subject method is
modified to treat a naive patient infected with HCV genotype 1,
where the patient has a high viral load (HVL), where "HVL" refers
to an HCV viral load of greater than 2.times.10.sup.6 HCV genome
copies per mL serum, and where the patient receives a 48 week
course of therapy.
[0872] One embodiment provide any of the above-described methods
for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject method is
modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a patient having
advanced or severe stage liver fibrosis as measured by a Knodell
score of 3 or 4 and then (2) administering to the patient the drug
therapy of the subject method for a time period of about 24 weeks
to about 60 weeks, or about 30 weeks to about one year, or about 36
weeks to about 50 weeks, or about 40 weeks to about 48 weeks, or at
least about 24 weeks, or at least about 30 weeks, or at least about
36 weeks, or at least about 40 weeks, or at least about 48 weeks,
or at least about 60 weeks.
[0873] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having advanced or severe stage liver fibrosis as measured
by a Knodell score of 3 or 4 and then (2) administering to the
patient the drug therapy of the subject method for a time period of
about 40 weeks to about 50 weeks, or about 48 weeks.
[0874] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 1 infection and an initial viral
load of greater than 2 million viral genome copies per ml of
patient serum and then (2) administering to the patient the drug
therapy of the subject method for a time period of about 24 weeks
to about 60 weeks, or about 30 weeks to about one year, or about 36
weeks to about 50 weeks, or about 40 weeks to about 48 weeks, or at
least about 24 weeks, or at least about 30 weeks, or at least about
36 weeks, or at least about 40 weeks, or at least about 48 weeks,
or at least about 60 weeks.
[0875] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 1 infection and an initial viral
load of greater than 2 million viral genome copies per ml of
patient serum and then (2) administering to the patient the drug
therapy of the subject method for a time period of about 40 weeks
to about 50 weeks, or about 48 weeks.
[0876] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 1 infection and an initial viral
load of greater than 2 million viral genome copies per ml of
patient serum and no or early stage liver fibrosis as measured by a
Knodell score of 0, 1, or 2 and then (2) administering to the
patient the drug therapy of the subject method for a time period of
about 24 weeks to about 60 weeks, or about 30 weeks to about one
year, or about 36 weeks to about 50 weeks, or about 40 weeks to
about 48 weeks, or at least about 24 weeks, or at least about 30
weeks, or at least about 36 weeks, or at least about 40 weeks, or
at least about 48 weeks, or at least about 60 weeks.
[0877] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 1 infection and an initial viral
load of greater than 2 million viral genome copies per ml of
patient serum and no or early stage liver fibrosis as measured by a
Knodell score of 0, 1, or 2 and then (2) administering to the
patient the drug therapy of the subject method for a time period of
about 40 weeks to about 50 weeks, or about 48 weeks.
[0878] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 1 infection and an initial viral
load of less than or equal to 2 million viral genome copies per ml
of patient serum and then (2) administering to the patient the drug
therapy of the subject method for a time period of about 20 weeks
to about 50 weeks, or about 24 weeks to about 48 weeks, or about 30
weeks to about 40 weeks, or up to about 20 weeks, or up to about 24
weeks, or up to about 30 weeks, or up to about 36 weeks, or up to
about 48 weeks.
[0879] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 1 infection and an initial viral
load of less than or equal to 2 million viral genome copies per ml
of patient serum and then (2) administering to the patient the drug
therapy of the subject method for a time period of about 20 weeks
to about 24 weeks.
[0880] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 1 infection and an initial viral
load of less than or equal to 2 million viral genome copies per ml
of patient serum and then (2) administering to the patient the drug
therapy of the subject method for a time period of about 24 weeks
to about 48 weeks.
[0881] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection and then (2)
administering to the patient the drug therapy of the subject method
for a time period of about 24 weeks to about 60 weeks, or about 30
weeks to about one year, or about 36 weeks to about 50 weeks, or
about 40 weeks to about 48 weeks, or at least about 24 weeks, or at
least about 30 weeks, or at least about 36 weeks, or at least about
40 weeks, or at least about 48 weeks, or at least about 60
weeks.
[0882] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection and then (2)
administering to the patient the drug therapy of the subject method
for a time period of about 20 weeks to about 50 weeks, or about 24
weeks to about 48 weeks, or about 30 weeks to about 40 weeks, or up
to about 20 weeks, or up to about 24 weeks, or up to about 30
weeks, or up to about 36 weeks, or up to about 48 weeks.
[0883] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection and then (2)
administering to the patient the drug therapy of the subject method
for a time period of about 20 weeks to about 24 weeks.
[0884] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection and then (2)
administering to the patient the drug therapy of the subject method
for a time period of at least about 24 weeks.
[0885] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV genotype 1 or 4 infection and then (2)
administering to the patient the drug therapy of the subject method
for a time period of about 24 weeks to about 60 weeks, or about 30
weeks to about one year, or about 36 weeks to about 50 weeks, or
about 40 weeks to about 48 weeks, or at least about 24 weeks, or at
least about 30 weeks, or at least about 36 weeks, or at least about
40 weeks, or at least about 48 weeks, or at least about 60
weeks.
[0886] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV infection characterized by any of HCV
genotypes 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and then (2) administering to the
patient the drug therapy of the subject method for a time period of
about 20 weeks to about 50 weeks.
[0887] Another embodiment provides any of the above-described
methods for the treatment of an HCV infection, where the subject
method is modified to include the steps of (1) identifying a
patient having an HCV infection characterized by any of HCV
genotypes 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and then (2) administering to the
patient the drug therapy of the subject method for a time period of
at least about 24 weeks and up to about 48 weeks.
Subjects Suitable for Treatment
[0888] Any of the above treatment regimens may be administered to
individuals who have been diagnosed with an HCV infection.
Individuals who are infected with HCV are identified as having HCV
RNA in their blood, and/or having anti-HCV antibody in their serum.
Any of the above treatment regimens may be administered to
individuals who have failed previous treatment for HCV infection
("treatment failure patients," including non-responders and
relapsers).
[0889] Individuals who have been clinically diagnosed as infected
with HCV are of particular interest in many embodiments.
Individuals who are infected with HCV are identified as having HCV
RNA in their blood, and/or having anti-HCV antibody in their serum.
Such individuals include anti-HCV ELISA-positive individuals, and
individuals with a positive recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA).
Such individuals may also, but need not, have elevated serum ALT
levels.
[0890] Individuals who are clinically diagnosed as infected with
HCV include naive individuals (e.g., individuals not previously
treated for HCV, particularly those who have not previously
received IFN-.alpha.-based and/or ribavirin-based therapy) and
individuals who have failed prior treatment for HCV ("treatment
failure" patients). Treatment failure patients include
non-responders (i.e., individuals in whom the HCV titer was not
significantly or sufficiently reduced by a previous treatment for
HCV, e.g., a previous IFN-.alpha. monotherapy, a previous
IFN-.alpha. and ribavirin combination therapy, or a previous
pegylated IFN-.alpha. and ribavirin combination therapy); and
relapsers (i.e., individuals who were previously treated for HCV,
e.g., who received a previous IFN-.alpha. monotherapy, a previous
IFN-.alpha. and ribavirin combination therapy, or a previous
pegylated IFN-.alpha. and ribavirin combination therapy, whose HCV
titer decreased, and subsequently increased).
[0891] In particular embodiments of interest, individuals have an
HCV titer of at least about 10.sup.5, at least about
5.times.10.sup.5, or at least about 10.sup.6, or at least about
2.times.10.sup.6, genome copies of HCV per milliliter of serum. The
patient may be infected with any HCV genotype (genotype 1,
including 1a and 1b, 2, 3, 4, 6, etc. and subtypes (e.g., 2a, 2b,
3a, etc.)), particularly a difficult to treat genotype such as HCV
genotype 1 and particular HCV subtypes and quasispecies.
[0892] Also of interest are HCV-positive individuals (as described
above) who exhibit severe fibrosis or early cirrhosis
(non-decompensated, Child's-Pugh class A or less), or more advanced
cirrhosis (decompensated, Child's-Pugh class B or C) due to chronic
HCV infection and who are viremic despite prior anti-viral
treatment with IFN-.alpha.-based therapies or who cannot tolerate
IFN-.alpha.-based therapies, or who have a contraindication to such
therapies. In particular embodiments of interest, HCV-positive
individuals with stage 3 or 4 liver fibrosis according to the
METAVIR scoring system are suitable for treatment with the methods
of the present embodiments. In other embodiments, individuals
suitable for treatment with the methods of the embodiments are
patients with decompensated cirrhosis with clinical manifestations,
including patients with far-advanced liver cirrhosis, including
those awaiting liver transplantation. In still other embodiments,
individuals suitable for treatment with the methods of the
embodiments include patients with milder degrees of fibrosis
including those with early fibrosis (stages 1 and 2 in the METAVIR,
Ludwig, and Scheuer scoring systems; or stages 1, 2, or 3 in the
Ishak scoring system).
Preparation of Section a Viral Inhibitors
[0893] Compounds of the general Formula I may be synthesized in the
same general manner as described below for compounds of the general
Formulas II-XIX. The syntheses of various specific compounds of the
general Formula I are described in the Examples below. Those
skilled in the art will appreciate variations in the sequence and,
further, will recognize variations in the appropriate reaction
conditions from the analogous reactions shown or otherwise known
which may be appropriately used in the processes described below to
make the compounds of formula I.
[0894] The products of the reactions described herein are isolated
by conventional means such as extraction, distillation,
chromatography, and the like.
[0895] The salts of the compounds of formula described above are
prepared by reacting the appropriate base or acid with a
stoichiometric equivalent of the compounds of formula I.
Preparation of Section B Viral Inhibitors
[0896] The meanings of the terms and structural names used within
this section are the same as those in Section B above. Any
references within this section to a particular number or label
should be understood in the context of the corresponding numbering
or labeling scheme used within this section or Section B above,
rather than in the context of a possibly similar or identical
numbering or labeling scheme used elsewhere herein, unless
otherwise indicated.
[0897] The compounds of formulas II-X may be synthesized according
to the methods described below.
Methodology
Preparation of Compounds
[0898] Two methods were used in preparing compounds with formulas
II-X. In both methods, intermediates 1 and 4 were prepared
according to the procedures disclosed in International Application
PCT/CA00/00353 (Publication No. WO 00/59929). Intermediate 4 was
also purchased from RSP Amino Acids.
Example 1-1
Synthesis of Compound #101 (Compound AR00220042) by Method A
##STR00062##
[0899] Method A:
##STR00063## ##STR00064## ##STR00065##
[0900] Step 1: Synthesis of
2S-(1-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-vinyl-cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-4R-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-
-1-carboxylic Acid Tert-Butyl Ester (3)
##STR00066##
[0902] To a flask charged with
ethyl-(1R,2S)/(1S,2R)-1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropyl carboxylate (1,
1.0 g, 5.2 mmol), trans-N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxy-L-proline
(2, 1.3 g, 1.1 equiv), and HATU (2.7 g, 1.1 equiv) were added 30 mL
DMF to make a solution. It was cooled to 0.degree. C. in an
ice-water bath, followed by slow addition of a solution of DIEA
(4.4 mL, 4 equiv) in DMF (15 mL) while stirring. The reaction was
allowed to warm up to rt and stirred overnight.
[0903] After 16 h, the reaction was complete as monitored by HPLC.
It was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with water (3.times.40
mL), sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.40 mL), and brine (2.times.40 mL),
then dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated down to give a
dark copper colored oil. The crude was purified on silica gel
(eluent: acetone/hexanes 3:7), giving pure 3 as tan foamy powder
(770 mg, 32%).
Step 2: Syntheses of 3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid
1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-(1R-ethoxycarbonyl-2S-vinyl-cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-
-pyrrolidin-3R-yl Ester (5), and
3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid
1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-(1S-ethoxycarbonyl-2R-vinyl-cyclopropylcarba-
moyl)-pyrrolidin-3R-yl Ester (6)
##STR00067##
[0905] The dipeptide 3 (300 mg, 0.81 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (8
mL), followed by addition of CDI (163 mg, 1.2 equiv) in one
portion. The reaction was stirred at rt overnight. After 15 h, the
reaction was complete as monitored by TLC (DCM/MeOH 9:1).
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (0.32 mL, 3 equiv) was added to the
reaction portion-wise, and the reaction was stirred at rt for
overnight.
[0906] After 22 h, TLC showed reaction complete. The reaction was
diluted with DCM (15 mL) and washed with 1N aq. HCl (15 mL), brine
(15 mL), dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and concentrated down. The crude
was purified on silica gel (eluent: DCM/Et.sub.2O/acetone 30:10:1).
The top spot isolated (5) was white foamy powder (169 mg, 40%), and
the bottom spot (6) was white solid (156 mg, 38%). MS m/e 550
(M.sup.++Na).
Step 3: Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid
1-(2S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoyl)-5-(1R-ethoxycarbonyl-2S-vinyl-
-cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidin-3R-yl Ester (7)
##STR00068##
[0908] The top isomer 5 (118 mg, 0.22 mmol) was dissolved in 4N HCl
(dioxane, 8 mL) and left at rt for 90 min to remove the BOC
protective group. It was then concentrated down, taken up in
acetonitrile and concentrated down again twice. To this light
brownish residue was added 4 (66.8 mg, 1.1 equiv) and HATU (93.5
mg, 1.1 equiv), followed by 2 mL DMF under nitrogen. The reaction
was cooled on ice-water bath for 15 min, after which a 0.5 mL DMF
solution of DIEA (0.13 mL, 4 equiv) was added to the reaction
drop-wise while stirring. The ice bath was left to slowly rise to
rt and the reaction stirred for overnight.
[0909] After 24 h, the reaction has turned dark brownish. Its
aliquot TLC shows reaction complete. The reaction was diluted with
EtOAc (30 mL) and washed with water (3.times.15 mL), sat.
NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.15 mL), brine (15 mL), dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and concentrated to give 7 as an orange oily
residue (156 mg). It was directly used in the next step without
further purification. MS m/e 703 (M.sup.++Na).
Step 4: Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquin-
oline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonad-
ec-7-ene-4-carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester (8)
##STR00069##
[0911] The crude 7 (135 mg, 0.2 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL
DriSolve DCE to make a solution, followed by addition of the
Nolan's catalyst (5 mg, 0.3 equiv) at rt under nitrogen. The
solution turned purplish. The reaction was put on a pre-heated oil
bath (50.degree. C.) and stirred for overnight.
[0912] After 10 h, the reaction had turned dark brownish. TLC
(DCM/EtOAc 1:1) showed clean conversion to a new spot with slightly
lower R.sub.f. The reaction was concentrated down and purified on
silica gel (eluent: DCM/EtOAc gradient from 5:1 to 2:1), giving
product 8 as a tan foamy powder (75 mg, 58%). MS m/e 653.1
(M.sup.++1).
Step 5: Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquin-
oline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonad-
ec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound#101)
##STR00070##
[0914] The macrocyclic ester 8 (60 mg, 0.092 mmol) was dissolved in
0.9 mL of a mixed solvent (THF/MeOH/H.sub.2O 2:1:1), followed by
addition of LiOH--H.sub.2O (23 mg, 6 equiv). The mixture was
stirred at rt for overnight. After 18 h, TLC (DCM/MeOH 9:1) showed
a clean new spot with a lower Rf. The reaction was concentrated
down to almost dryness and partitioned between 1N aq. HCl (15 mL)
and DCM (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM
(2.times.10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated down, giving compound #101 as a
light brownish foamy powder (50 mg, 87%). .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD,
400 MHz) .delta. 1.20-1.67 (m, 21H), 1.70-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.88-2.10
(m, 1H), 2.12-2.58 (m, 4H), 2.82 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.86
(m, 1H), 4.20 (m, 1H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 4.54 (s, 7H), 4.58 (m, 3H),
5.29-5.41 (m, 2H), 5.57 (m, 1H), 7.0-7.24 (m, 4H). MS m/e 625.1
(M.sup.++1).
Example 1-1a
##STR00071##
[0916]
(1S,4S,6R,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-i-
soquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6-
]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00220122) was prepared
similarly according to procedures described in Example 1-1,
substituting compound 5 with 6 in Step 3. MS m/e 625
(M.sup.++1).
Example 1-2
Synthesis of Compound#101 (Compound AR00220042) by Method B
Method B:
##STR00072## ##STR00073##
[0918] Compound#101 was also prepared according to the above
procedure. The synthesis of the macrocyclic intermediate 10
described here is similar to that described in International
Application PCT/CA00/00353 (Publication No. WO 00/59929).
Step 1: Synthesis of
2S-(1-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-vinyl-cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-4R-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-
-1-carboxylic Acid Tert-Butyl Ester (3)
##STR00074##
[0920] To a flask charged with
ethyl-(1R,2S)/(1S,2R)-1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropyl carboxylate (1,
1.0 g, 5.2 mmol), trans-N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxy-L-proline
(2, 1.3 g, 1.1 equiv), and HATU (2.7 g, 1.1 equiv) were added 30 mL
DMF to make a solution. It was cooled to 0.degree. C. in an
ice-water bath, followed by slow addition of a solution of DIEA
(4.4 mL, 4 equiv) in DMF (15 mL) while stirring. The reaction was
allowed to warm up to rt and stirred overnight.
[0921] After 16 h, the reaction was complete as monitored by HPLC.
It was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with water (3.times.40
mL), sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.40 mL), and brine (2.times.40 mL),
then dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated down to give a
dark copper colored oil. The crude was purified on silica gel
(eluent: acetone/hexanes 3:7), giving pure 3 as tan foamy powder
(770 mg, 32%).
Step 2: Synthesis of
1R-{[1-(2S-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoyl)-4R-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2-
S-carbonyl]-amino}-2S-vinyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester
(9)
##STR00075##
[0923] Compound 3 (2.85 g, 7.7 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL 4N HCl
(dioxane) and left at rt for 90 min to remove the Boc protective
group. It was then concentrated down, taken up in acetonitrile and
concentrated down again twice. To this light brownish residue was
added 4 (2.2 g, 8.1 mmol) and HATU (3.2 g, 8.5 mmol), followed by
80 mL DMF under nitrogen. The reaction was cooled on ice-water bath
for 15 min, after which a 5 mL DMF solution of DIEA (5.4 mL, 30.9
mmol) was added to the reaction drop-wise while stirring. The ice
bath was left to slowly rise to rt and the reaction stirred for
overnight.
[0924] After 18 h, TLC showed reaction complete. The reaction was
diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with water (3.times.150 mL),
sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.150 mL), brine (150 mL), dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and solvent removed. The crude was purified by
silica gel flash chromatography on Biotage 40M (eluent=3% to 5%
MeOH in DCM) to give 9 as a brownish foamy solid (3.5 g, 87%).
Step 3: Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-hydroxy-2,15-dioxo-3,16-
-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic Acid
Ethyl Ester (10)
##STR00076##
[0926] Compound 9 (2.6 g, 5.0 mmol) was dissolved in 500 mL
DriSolve DCE in a 1 L round-bottomed flask to make a solution. It
was degassed by bubbling nitrogen through for 1 h. Then the Hoveyda
catalyst (0.25 equiv) was added at rt under nitrogen. The reaction
was put on a pre-heated oil bath (50 C) and stirred for overnight.
After 16 h, the reaction had turned dark brownish. TLC (DCM/EtOAc
1:1) showed clean conversion to a new spot with slightly lower
R.sub.f. The reaction was concentrated down and purified on silica
gel (Biotage 40 M, eluent=DCM/EtOAc gradient from 1:1 to 1:2),
giving product 10 as a tan foamy powder (0.64 g, 52%). .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) .delta. 1.21 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.43 (s, 9H),
1.20-1.50 (m, 6H), 1.53-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.98-2.28
(m, 4H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 3.13 (brs, 1H), 3.68 (m, 1H), 3.94 (m, 1H),
4.01-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.56 (brs, 1H), 4.79 (m, 1H), 5.26
(t, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 5.36 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (m, 1H), 7.19 (brs,
1H). MS m/e 494.0 (M.sup.++1).
Step 4: Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquin-
oline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonad-
ec-7-ene-4-carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester (11)
##STR00077##
[0928] The macrocyclic intermediate 10 (110 mg, 0.22 mmol) was
dissolved in DCM (2.2 mL), followed by addition of CDI (45 mg, 0.27
mmol) in one portion. The reaction was stirred at rt overnight.
After 15 h, the reaction was complete as monitored by TLC (DCM/MeOH
9:1). 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (0.14 mL, 1.1 mmol) was added
to the reaction drop-wise, and the reaction was stirred at rt for
overnight. After 22 h, TLC showed reaction complete. The reaction
was diluted with DCM (6 mL) and washed with 1N aq. HCl (2.times.2
mL), sat. sodium bicarbonate (2 mL), brine (2 mL), dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and concentrated down. The crude was purified
on silica gel (Biotage 40S, eluent: 2 to 4% MeOH in DCM), giving 11
as a pale yellowish foamy powder (131 mg, 90%).
Step 5: Compound 11 was Hydrolyzed in the Same Fashion as Described
in the Step 5 of Example 1-1 to Give Compound#101
[0929] The following compounds were also prepared according to
Method B described above, with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline being
substituted by various other secondary amines. Most of these amines
were either purchased from commercial sources, or are known
literature compounds, therefore were prepared using the procedures
listed here (1. Stokker, G E. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37(31),
5453-5456. 2. Chan, N W. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2000,
8, 2085-2094. 3. Vecchietti, V. et al, J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34,
2624-2633.) For those amine inputs that were not directly prepared
according to literature procedures, or the specific input has not
been reported in literature before at our best knowledge, their
syntheses are given within each example.
Example 1-3
##STR00078##
[0931]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,-
4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14-
.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound
AR00226824) was synthesized according to Method B, except
6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step 4
instead. MS m/e 585.2 (M.sup.++1-100).
Example 1-4
##STR00079##
[0933]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-18-(1,3,4-
,9-tetrahydro-b-carboline-2-carbonyloxy)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.-
4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound AR00226825) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
2,3,4,9-Tetrahydro-1H-b-carboline was used in Step 4 instead. MS
m/e 564.2 (M.sup.++1-100).
Example 1-5
##STR00080##
[0935]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(1,3-dihydro-isoi-
ndole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonad-
ec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound AR00291871) was synthesized
according to Method B, except 2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used in
Step 4 instead. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) 1.21-1.44 (m,
8H), 1.32 (s, 9H), 1.54-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.88 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.13
(m, 1H), 2.16-2.23 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.74 (m, 1H),
3.87-3.90 (m, 1H), 4.15 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.37-4.43 (m, 1H),
4.61-4.77 (m, 5H), 5.18 (t, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 5.24-5.31 (m, 1H),
5.40-5.45 (m, 1H), 5.58-5.66 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.30 (m, 4H). MS m/e
611.0 (M.sup.++1).
Example 1-6
##STR00081##
[0937]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(2,3-dihydro-indo-
le-1-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec--
7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound AR00291875) was synthesized
according to Method B, except 2,3-Dihydro-1H-indole was used in
Step 4 instead. MS m/e 610.9 (M.sup.++1).
Example 1-7
##STR00082##
[0939]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-18-(8-tri-
fluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-3,16-diaza-tricycl-
o[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound
AR00294382) was synthesized according to Method B, except
8-Trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step
4 instead. MS m/e 693.0 (M.sup.+).
Example 1-8
##STR00083##
[0941]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-18-(6-tri-
fluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-3,16-diaza-tricycl-
o[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound
AR00294383) was synthesized according to Method B, except
6-Trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step
4 instead. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 7.46-7.38 (m,
2H), 7.26-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 5.62 (q, 1H), 5.42 (s, 1H),
5.21-5.15 (m, 2H), 4.78-4.60 (m, 3H), 4.40 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.00 (m,
1H), 3.92-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.00-2.85 (m, 2H),
2.72-2.64 (br s, 1H), 2.40-1.18 (m, 20H). MS: m/e 693.0
(M.sup.+).
Example 1-9
##STR00084##
[0943]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(5-fluoro-3,4-dih-
ydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.-
0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound AR00294384) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
5-fluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step 4
instead. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 7.19-7.11 (m,
1H), 7.05 (m, 1H), 6.91 (t, 2H), 5.62 (q, 1H), 5.40 (s, 1H), 5.24
(d, 1H), 5.20 (t, 1H), 4.78 (s, 1H), 4.64-4.56 (m, 2H), 4.42 (s,
1H), 4.12-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.61 (m, 2H),
2.84-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.81
(m, 2H), 1.64-1.54 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.10 (m, 15H). MS: m/e 643.0
(M.sup.+).
Example 1-10
##STR00085##
[0945]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(5-Amino-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbon-
yloxy)-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0-
.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound AR00301745) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
5-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step 4 instead.
MS: m/e 640.1 (M.sup.+).
Example 1-11
##STR00086##
[0947]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(7-Amino-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbon-
yloxy)-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0-
.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound AR00301749) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
7-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step 4 instead.
MS: m/e 640.1 (M.sup.+), 641.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 1-12
##STR00087##
[0949]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-18-(2-phe-
nylamino-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-5-carbonyloxy)-3,16-diaza--
tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound
AR00304000) was synthesized according to Method B, except
Phenyl-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)-amine was
used in Step 4 instead. MS m/e 721.2 (M-1).
Example 1-13
##STR00088##
[0951]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(7-chloro-3,4-dih-
ydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.-
0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound AR00304062) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
7-Chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step 4
instead. MS m/e 659.0 (M.sup.+), 661.0 (M.sup.++2).
Example 1-14
##STR00089##
[0953]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(6-fluoro-3,4-dih-
ydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.-
0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound AR00304063) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
6-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step 4
instead. MS m/e 643.0 (M.sup.+), 644.0 (M.sup.++1).
Example 1-15
##STR00090##
[0955]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(4,4-spirocyclobu-
tyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricy-
clo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound
AR00304065) was synthesized according to Method B, except
4,4-siprocyclobutyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in
Step 4 instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, d.sub.6-acetone) .delta. 7.99
(d, 1H), 7.57-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.27 (t, 1H), 7.09-7.22 (m, 2H), 5.99
(bs, 1H), 5.56 (dd, 1H), 5.42 (bs, 1H), 5.19-5.30 (m, 1H),
4.52-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.27-4.42 (m, 1H), 4.17-4.27 (m, 1H), 3.91 (dd,
1H), 3.63-3.82 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.51 (m, 6H), 1.93-2.20 (m, 3H),
1.79-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.16-1.50 (m, 19H). MS m/z
665.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 1-15a
Preparation of
4,4-siprocyclobutyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline
##STR00091##
[0957] A: To a solution of 1-phenyl-1-cyclopropane carbonitrile
(2.00 g, 12.7 mmol) in 100 ml THF was added a 1.0 M solution of
LiAlH (19.1 ml, 19.1 mmol) dropwise at r.t. The reaction was
stirred at r.t. for 15 hours, then quenched slowly at 0.degree. C.
with 10 ml H.sub.2O and then 10 ml 1.0N NaOH and stirred at r.t.
for 1.5 hours. The solution was filtered, and the THF was removed
by rotary evaporation. The aqueous was extracted with EtOAc, and
the organic extract was washed with H.sub.2O and brine, dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to give 0.70 g (34%) of a clear
oil which was used in the next step without further
purification.
[0958] B: To a solution of C-(1-Phenyl-cyclobutyl)-methylamine
(0.70 g, 4.34 mmol) and TEA (0.67 ml, 4.78 mmol) in 40 ml THF at
0.degree. C. was added methyl chloroformate dropwise. The reaction
was stirred at r.t. for 15 hours. The next day water and EtOAc were
added and the organic layer was separated and washed with 1N HCl
and brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, concentrated to an oil, and
used directly in the next step without further purification.
[0959] C: A mixture of (1-Phenyl-cyclobutylmethyl)-carbamic acid
methyl ester (0.95 g, 4.34 mmol) and PPA (20 ml) were added to a
sand bath preheated to 150.degree. C. After 30 minutes the reaction
was cooled to room temperature (r.t.). After cooling, water was
added dropwise and the solution was extracted twice with DCM. The
organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to a clear oil which was used
directly in the in the next step without further purification.
[0960] D: To a solution of the 3,4-dihydro-2H-isoquinolin-1-one
(0.406 g, 2.17 mmol) in 20 ml THF at 0.degree. C. was added a 1.0 M
solution of LiAlH (3.26 ml, 3.26 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was
allowed to warm to r.t. and was stirred for 15 hours, then quenched
slowly at 0.degree. C. with 5 ml H.sub.2O and then 5 ml 1.0N NaOH
and stirred at r.t. for 1.5 hours. The solution was filtered, and
the THF was removed by rotary evaporation. The aqueous was
extracted with EtOAc, and the organic extract was washed with
H.sub.2O and brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated
to give 0.21 g (56%) of a clear oil which was used in the next step
without further purification.
Example 1-16
##STR00092##
[0962]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(4,4-dimethyl-3,4-
-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.-
3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound AR00304066)
was synthesized according to Method B, except
4,4-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step 4
instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, d.sub.6-acetone) .delta. 7.98 (d,
1H), 7.39 (bs, 1H), 7.09-7.24 (m, 3H), 5.99 (bs, 1H), 5.57 (dd,
1H), 5.37-5.46 (bs, 1H), 5.24 (dd, 1H), 4.55-4.69 (m, 1H),
4.26-4.36 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.90 (dd, 1H), 3.40-3.49 (m,
1H), 2.28-2.50 (m, 4H), 1.98-2.09 (2H), 1.79-1.92 (m, 1H),
1.52-1.65 (m, 3H), 1.16-1.51 (m, 22H). MS m/z 653.0
(M.sup.++1).
Example 1-16a
##STR00093##
[0964] 4,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline was prepared
following the experimental of steps A through D in Example 1-15a,
2-Methyl-2-phenyl-propionitrile (prepared according to Caron, S.;
Vazquez, E.; Wojcik, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 712-713)
was converted to the title compound.
Example 1-17
##STR00094##
[0966]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(4-methyl-3,4-dih-
ydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.-
0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound AR00304067) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step 4
instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, d.sub.6-acetone) .delta. 7.93-8.03
(m, 1H), 7.04-7.28 (m, 4H), 6.02 (bs, 1H), 5.56 (dd, 1H), 5.40 (m,
1H), 5.23 (dd, 1H), 4.66-4.85 (m, 1H), 4.54-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.34-4.54
(m, 1H), 4.17-4.34 (m, 1H), 3.91 (dd, 1H), 3.57-3.78 (m, 1H),
3.42-3.57 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.52 (m, 4H), 1.96-2.09 (m, 2.0), 1.77-1.92
(m, 1.0), 1.50-1.64 (m, 3.0), 1.13-1.50 (m, 17 h). MS m/z 639.0
(M.sup.++1).
Example 1-17a
##STR00095##
[0968] 4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline was prepared from
2-phenyl-propylamine according to Grunewald, G. L.; Sall, D. J.;
Monn, J. A. J. Med. Chem. 1988, 31, 433-444.
Example 1-18
##STR00096##
[0970]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(2-tert-butylamin-
o-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-5-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-di-
aza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid
(compound AR00304103) was synthesized according to Method B, except
tert-Butyl-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)-amine
was used in Step 4 instead. MS m/e 731.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 1-19
##STR00097##
[0972]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(2-Amino-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridi-
ne-5-carbonyloxy)-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyc-
lo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound
AR00304154) was synthesized according to Method B, except
4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-ylamine was used in
Step 4 instead. MS m/e 675.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 1-20
##STR00098##
[0974]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(2-methyl-6,7-dih-
ydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-5-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricy-
clo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (compound
AR00304158) was synthesized according to Method B, except
2-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine was used in
Step 4 instead. MS m/e 546.2 (M.sup.++1-100).
Example 1-21
##STR00099##
[0976]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(7,8-dihydro-5H-p-
yrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.-
0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00304183)
was synthesized according to Method B, except
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine was used in Step 4
instead. MS m/e 625.2 (M-1).
Example 1-22
##STR00100##
[0978]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-i-
soquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6-
]nonadecane-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00312023) was synthesized
according to Method B, except that the ring-closing metathesis
product 10 from step 3 was further reduced with
H.sub.2/Rh--Al.sub.2O.sub.3 before the next coupling step (WO
0059929, p.p. 76-77). MS m/e 625.3 (M-1).
Example 1-23
##STR00101##
[0980]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(6-Amino-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbon-
yloxy)-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0-
.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00314578) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinolin-6-ylamine was used in Step 4
instead. MS (POS ESI) m/z 540.2 [parent, (M.sup.++1)-100 (Boc
group)].
Example 1-24
##STR00102##
[0982]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(2-Acetylamino-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-c]-
pyridine-5-carbonyloxy)-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza--
tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00314685) was synthesized according to Method B, except
N-(4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)-acetamide was
used in Step 4 instead. MS m/e 589.2 (M.sup.++1-100).
Example 1-25
##STR00103##
[0984]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(5-dimethylamino--
3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[-
14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00315997) was synthesized according to Method B, except
Dimethyl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-5-yl)-amine (Example
1-25a) was used in Step 4 instead. MS m/e 668.0 (M.sup.+).
Example 1-25a
##STR00104##
[0986] The synthesis of
dimethyl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-5-yl)-amine is described
in the following scheme:
##STR00105##
[0987] To a solution of 5-aminotetrahydroisoquinoline (3.68 g, 24.8
mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) was added 3 N NaOH (8.27 mL, 24.8
mmol). After cooling to 0.degree. C., (Boc).sub.2O (5.42 g, 24.8
mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was added drop-wise and stirred for
overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into
water and extracted with EtOAc (2.times.). The combined organic
layers was washed with sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3 solution, water, and
brine, then dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by
silica gel column chromatography to give 5.44 g (88%) of the
desired Boc-protected product as a white solid.
[0988] To a solution of the product from the previous step
described above (0.2 g, 0.81 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added NaH at
0.degree. C. After 15 minutes, CH.sub.3I was added and the stirring
continued for overnight at room temperature. After completion the
reaction mixture was quenched with ice water, extracted with EtOAc
(25 mL), dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated. The Boc group
was removed with 60% TFA-DCM (2 mL) at 0.degree. C. to give 110 mg
(77.5%) of the final product as a light greenish solid. MS: 177.1
(MH.sup.+).
Example 1-26
##STR00106##
[0990]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(5-chloro-1,3-dih-
ydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.-
4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00315998) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
5-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used in Step 4 instead.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): 7.24-7.02 (m, 3H), 6.82 (s, 1H),
5.68-5.51 (m, 1H), 5.36 (s, 1H), 5.11-4.96 (m, 2H), 4.67-4.44 (m,
5H), 4.29-4.20 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.74 (m, 1H),
2.69-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.06 (m, 1H), 2.03 (s,
1H), 2.01-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.24 (m, 11H), 1.22 (s, 9H). MS: m/e
644.9 (M.sup.+), 646.9 (M.sup.++2).
Example 1-27
##STR00107##
[0992]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(5,6-dichloro-1,3-
-dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.-
sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00315999) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
5,6-Dichloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used in Step 4 instead.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.06
(s, 1H), 5.57-5.50 (m, 1H), 5.33 (s, 1H), 5.23-5.09 (m, 2H),
4.73-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.64-4.48 (m, 5H), 4.33-4.29 (m, 1H), 4.11-4.02
(m, 1H), 3.82-3.74 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.08 (m, 3H),
2.01 (s, 1H), 1.83-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.46 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.12 (m,
15H). MS: m/e 678.9 (M.sup.+), 681 (M.sup.++2).
Example 1-28
##STR00108##
[0994]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(4R-methyl-3,4-di-
hydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0-
.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320122)
was synthesized according to Method B, except
4R-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step 4
instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 7.02-7.24 (m,
3H), 5.59 (dd, 1H), 5.30-5.44 (m, 2H), 4.66-4.81 (m, 1H), 4.14-4.64
(m, 3H), 3.83-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.56 (m, 1H),
2.86-3.86 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.58 (m, 4H), 1.87-2.13 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.87
(m, 1H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.07-1.51 (m, 19H), 0.80-0.96 (m, 2H).
MS m/z 639.0 (M.sup.++1).
Example 1-29
##STR00109##
[0996]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(4S-methyl-3,4-di-
hydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0-
.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320123)
was synthesized according to Method B, except
4S-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in Step 4
instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 7.01-7.23 (m,
3H), 5.58 (dd, 1H), 5.32-5.45 (m, 2H), 4.66-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.64
(m, 3H), 3.86-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.56 (m, 1H),
2.88-3.85 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.60 (m, 4H), 1.87-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.87
(m, 1H), 1.52-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.07-1.52 (m, 19H), 0.80-0.96 (m, 2H).
MS m/z 639.0 (M.sup.++1).
Example 1-30
##STR00110##
[0998]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-[4-(2-methoxy-phe-
nyl)-piperidine-1-carbonyloxy]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup-
.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320576) was
synthesized according to Method B, except
4-(2-Methoxy-phenyl)-piperidine was used in Step 4 instead. MS m/e
583.3 (M.sup.++1-100).
Example 1-31
##STR00111##
[1000]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(6-methoxy-1,3,4,-
9-tetrahydro-b-carboline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.-
3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320577)
was synthesized according to Method B, except
6-Methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-b-carboline was used in Step 4
instead. MS m/e 594.2 (M.sup.++1-100).
Example 1-32
##STR00112##
[1002]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-18-(1-pip-
eridin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-3,16-diaza-tr-
icyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00301383) was synthesized according to Method B, except
1-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used in
Step 4 instead. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 7.33-7.24
(m, 4H), 7.20 (br s, 1H), 6.61 (br s, 1H), 5.75-5.52 (m, 2H),
5.50-5.33 (m, 2H), 4.63-4.43 (m, 2H), 4.42-4.07 (m, 4H), 3.96 (br
s, 1H), 3.67-3.11 (m, 5H), 3.06-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.74 (m, 2H),
2.56-2.35 (m, 3H), 2.23 (q, 1H), 2.04-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.52 (m,
10H), 1.51-1.32 (m, 12H); MS (POS APCI) m/z 722.3 (M.sup.++1).
Example 1-33
##STR00113##
[1004]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(6-methoxy-1-meth-
oxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-
-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid
(Compound AR00333842) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 1-2, except that
6-methoxy-1-methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolinium
chloride was used to replace 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinoline in
Step 4 instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 697.2 (M-1).
Example 1-34
##STR00114##
[1006]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(5-fluoro-1-metho-
xymethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza--
tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00365349) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Example 1-2, except that
5-fluoro-1-methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolinium chloride
was used to replace 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4
instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 685.3 (M-1).
Example 1-35
##STR00115##
[1008]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(1-dimethylaminom-
ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tri-
cyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00333224) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Example 1-2, except that
dimethyl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-1-ylmethyl)-amine
(synthesized according to Example 1-35a) was used to replace
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 instead. MS (APCI+): m/z
582.3 (MH.sup.+-Boc).
Example 1-35a
##STR00116##
[1010] Dimethyl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-1-ylmethyl)-amine
was synthesized by a similar fashion as shown in Example 3-76a,
except that in Step 1, phenethylamine was used to replace
2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine, and that in the first part of Step
3, dimethyl-amine was used to replace sodium methoxide as the
nucleophile. The crude product was used directly in the next
coupling step without further purification.
Example 1-36
##STR00117##
[1012]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(1-morpholin-4-yl-
methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tr-
icyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00333225) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Example 1-2, except that
1-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (synthesized
according to Example 1-36a) was used to replace
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 instead. MS (APCI-): m/z
722.3 (M-1).
Example 1-36a
##STR00118##
[1014] 1-Morpholin-4-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was
synthesized by a similar fashion as shown in Example 3-76a, except
that in Step 1, phenethylamine was used to replace
2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine, and that in the first part of Step
3, morpholin was used to replace sodium methoxide as the
nucleophile. The crude product was used directly in the next
coupling step without further purification.
Example 1-37
##STR00119##
[1016]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(6-methoxy-1-pipe-
ridin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,1-
6-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid
(Compound AR00333248) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 1-2, except that
6-methoxy-1-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline
(synthesized according to Example 1-37a) was used to replace
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 instead. MS (APCI-): m/z
750.4 (M-1).
Example 1-37a
##STR00120##
[1018]
6-Methoxy-1-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline
was synthesized by a similar fashion as shown in Example 3-76a,
except that in the first part of Step 3, piperidine was used to
replace sodium methoxide as the nucleophile. The crude product was
used directly in the next coupling step without further
purification.
Example 1-38
##STR00121##
[1020]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(6-methoxy-1-morp-
holin-4-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,1-
6-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid
(Compound AR00333276) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 1-2, except that
6-methoxy-1-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline
(synthesized according to Example 1-38a) was used to replace
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 instead. MS (APCI-): m/z
750.3 (M-1).
Example 1-38a
##STR00122##
[1022]
6-Methoxy-1-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline
was synthesized by a similar fashion as shown in Example 3-76a,
except that in the first part of Step 3, morpholin was used to
replace sodium methoxide as the nucleophile. The crude product was
used directly in the next coupling step without further
purification.
Example 1-39
##STR00123##
[1024]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(1-dimethylaminom-
ethyl-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-
-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid
(Compound AR00333277) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 1-2, except that
(6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-1-ylmethyl)-dimethyl-amine
(synthesized according to Example 1-39a) was used to replace
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 instead. MS (APCI+): m/z
712.3 (MH.sup.+).
Example 1-39a
##STR00124##
[1026]
6-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-1-ylmethyl)-dimethyl-amine
was synthesized by a similar fashion as shown in Example 3-76a,
except that in the first part of Step 3, dimethylamine was used to
replace sodium methoxide as the nucleophile. The crude product was
used directly in the next coupling step without further
purification.
Example 1-40
##STR00125##
[1028]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(4-fluoro-1,3-dih-
ydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.-
4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00365369) was
synthesized according to the procedures described in Example 1-2,
except that 4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole (synthesized
according to Example 3-55a) was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 instead. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, DMSO) .delta. 12.21 (br s, 1H), 8.66 (br s, 1H), 7.35 (q, 1H),
7.19 (d, 1H), 7.11 (q, 2H), 7.03 (br s, 1H), 5.51 (q, 1H),
5.33-5.21 (m, 2H), 4.66 (s, 4H), 4.22 (q, 1H), 4.24 (t, 1H),
3.99-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.64 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.08
(m, 3H), 1.77-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.03 (m, 16H);
MS (APCI-): m/z 627.3 (M-1).
Example 1-41
##STR00126##
[1030]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-[5-(2-morpholin-4-
-yl-ethoxy)-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tri-
cyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00371946) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Example 1-2, except that
5-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole (prepared
according to the procedures described in J. Med. Chem. 2002, Vol.
45, No. 26, 5771, preparation method D, and in Bioorg. Med. Chem.
Lett. 11 (2001) 685-688. For the N-Boc protected amine input:
.sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.13 (dd, 1H), 6.85-6.74 (m, 2H),
4.61 (t, 4H), 4.10 (t, 2H), 3.73 (t, 4H), 2.81 (t, 2H), 2.61-2.54
(m, 4H), 1.51 (s, 9H); MS (APCI+): m/z 349.1 (M+1)) was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 instead. MS
(APCI+): m/z 640.3 [(M+1)-Boc].
Example 1-42
##STR00127##
[1032]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-[5-(2-dimethylami-
no-ethoxy)-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tric-
yclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00371947) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Example 1-2, except that
[2-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yloxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-amine
(prepared according to the procedures described in J. Med. Chem.
2002, Vol. 45, No. 26, 5771, preparation method D, and in Bioorg.
Med. Chem. Lett. 11 (2001) 685-688. For the N-Boc protected amine
input: .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.14 (dd, 1H), 6.88-6.76
(m, 2H), 4.61 (t, 4H), 4.04 (t, 2H), 2.72 (t, 2H), 2.34 (s, 6H),
1.50 (s, 9H); MS (APCI+): m/z 307.1 (M+1)) was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 instead. MS (APCI+): m/z
698.2 (M+1).
Example 1-43
##STR00128##
[1034]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-[5-(2-isopropylam-
ino-ethoxy)-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tri-
cyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00371948) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Example 1-2, except that
[2-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yloxy)-ethyl]-isopropyl-amine
(prepared according to the procedures described in J. Med. Chem.
2002, Vol. 45, No. 26, 5771, preparation method D, and in Bioorg.
Med. Chem. Lett. 11 (2001) 685-688. For the N-Boc protected amine
input: .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.13 (dd, 1H), 6.86-6.75
(m, 2H), 4.62 (t, 4H), 4.06 (t, 2H), 2.99 (t, 2H), 2.88 (septuplet,
1H), 1.62 (br s, 1H), 1.51 (s, 9H), 1.10 (d, 6H); MS (APCI+): m/z
321.2 (M+1)) was used to replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in
Step 4 instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 710.3 (M-1).
Preparation of Compounds with General Structure III
##STR00129##
[1035] Compounds with general structure II were prepared according
to the general scheme shown above. A compound with structure Ia was
first removed of its Boc protective group, followed by nucleophilic
attack of the amino group on an electrophile, to form a carbamate,
amide, or urea.
Example 2-1
##STR00130##
[1036] Step 1: Preparation of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-Amino-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy-
)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxyl-
ic Acid Ethyl Ester
##STR00131##
[1038] The N-Boc protected starting material (102 mg, 0.16 mmol)
was dissolved in 6 mL 4N HCl (dioxane), and left at rt for 90 min.
HPLC showed complete removal of the Boc protective group. The
reaction mixture was then concentrated down, taken up in
acetonitrile and concentrated down again twice. The resulting light
brownish foamy powder was carried out to the next step.
Step 2: Preparation of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-Cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoq-
uinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]no-
nadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester
##STR00132##
[1040] To a solution of cyclopentanol (42 mg, 0.48 mmol) in THF (16
mL), a toluene solution of phosgene (0.42 mL, 1.9 M, 0.80 mmol) was
added drop-wise. The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h to form the
cyclopentyl chloroformate reagent. The reaction was then
concentrated down to about half the volume. It was then diluted
with DCM to the original volume, and concentrated down again to
half the volume, in order to completely remove excess phosgene.
This solution of the cyclopentyl chloroformate was further diluted
with THF (16 mL), cooled to 0.degree. C., and added to the solid
residue (0.16 mmol) from Step 1 above at 0.degree. C. TEA (0.11 mL,
0.81 mmol) was then added to the reaction mixture, and the reaction
was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 2 h. The reaction was complete by
HPLC. It was concentrated down, taken up in EtOAc (15 mL), and then
washed with water, sat. sodium bicarbonate, water, and brine (10 mL
each), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated down. The crude
yellowish thick oil residue was purified by flash chromatography on
Biotage 40S (eluent=hexanes/EtOAc 1:1), giving the desired product
as a white crispy foamy powder (65.2 mg, 63%). MS (MH.sup.+
665.2).
Step 3: Preparation of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-Cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoq-
uinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]no-
nadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00247310)
##STR00133##
[1042] Followed the same hydrolysis procedures as in Step 5 of
Example 1-1.
[1043] The following compounds were also prepared following the
same procedures as aforementioned in Example 2-1, with either the
cyclopentyl chloroformate being substituted by other electrophiles,
and/or the P2-tetrahydroisoquinoline being substituted by other
amine inputs as illustrated in Step 4 of Method B in Example
1-2.
Example 2-2
##STR00134##
[1045]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-1-
4-methoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]non-
adec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00294376) was synthesized
according to the procedures described in Example 2-1, except that
methyl chloroformate was used in Step 2 instead.
Example 2-3
##STR00135##
[1047]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-Cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-18-(5-fluoro-3,4--
dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3-
.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00304074)
was synthesized according to the procedures described in Examples
1-2 and 2-1, except that 5-Fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline
was used instead in Step 4 of Example 1-2. MS m/e 583.2
(M.sup.++1).
Example 2-4
##STR00136##
[1049]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-Cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-18-(8--
trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-3,16-diaza-tric-
yclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00304075) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Examples 1-2 and 2-1, except that
8-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used instead
in Step 4 of Example 1-2. MS m/e 705.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-5
##STR00137##
[1051]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-Cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-18-(1,3-dihydro-i-
soindole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]no-
nadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00304076) was synthesized
according to the procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 2-1,
except that 2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used instead in Step 4 of
Example 1-2. MS m/e 623.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-6
##STR00138##
[1053]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-1-
4-(2-fluoro-ethoxycarbonylamino)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.s-
up.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00304125) was
synthesized according to the procedures described in Example 2-1,
except that 2-fluoroethanol was used to form the chloroformate
reagent in Step 2 instead of cyclopentanol. MS m/e 615.1
(M.sup.++1).
Example 2-7
##STR00139##
[1055]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2-
,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3S-yloxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[-
14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00304126) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Example 2-1, except that tetrahydro-furan-3S-ol was used to form
the chloroformate reagent in Step 2 instead of cyclopentanol. MS
m/e 639.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-8
##STR00140##
[1057]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2-
,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3R-yloxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[-
14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00304127) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Example 2-1, except that tetrahydro-furan-3R-ol was used to form
the chloroformate reagent in Step 2 instead of cyclopentanol. MS
m/e 639.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-9
##STR00141##
[1059]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2-
,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[1-
4.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00320002) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Example 2-1, except that tetrahydro-pyran-4-ol was used to form
the chloroformate reagent in Step 2 instead of cyclopentanol. MS
m/e 653.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-10
##STR00142##
[1061]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-di-
oxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3R-yloxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0-
.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320074)
was synthesized according to the procedures described in Examples
1-2 and 2-1, except that 2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used instead
in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and that tetrahydro-furan-3R-ol was used
to form the chloroformate reagent in Step 2 of Example 2-1 instead
of cyclopentanol. MS m/e 625.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-11
##STR00143##
[1063]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-di-
oxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3S-yloxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0-
.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320075)
was synthesized according to the procedures described in Examples
1-2 and 2-1, except that 2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used instead
in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and that tetrahydro-furan-3S-ol was used
to form the chloroformate reagent in Step 2 of Example 2-1 instead
of cyclopentanol. MS m/e 625.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-12
##STR00144##
[1065]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-di-
oxo-14-(2-fluoro-ethoxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6-
]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320076) was
synthesized according to the procedures described in Examples 1-2
and 2-1, except that 2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used instead in
Step 4 of Example 1-2, and that 2-fluoroethanol was used to form
the chloroformate reagent in Step 2 of Example 2-1 instead of
cyclopentanol. MS m/e 601.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-13
##STR00145##
[1067]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-di-
oxo-14-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.-
0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320077) was
synthesized according to the procedures described in Examples 1-2
and 2-1, except that 2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used instead in
Step 4 of Example 1-2, and that tetrahydro-pyran-4-ol was used to
form the chloroformate reagent in Step 2 of Example 2-1 instead of
cyclopentanol. MS m/e 601.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-14
##STR00146##
[1069]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(5,6-Dichloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carbony-
loxy)-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3R-yloxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tr-
icyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00320445) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Examples 1-2 and 2-1, except that
5,6-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used instead in Step 4 of
Example 1-2, and that tetrahydro-furan-3R-ol was used to form the
chloroformate reagent in Step 2 of Example 2-1 instead of
cyclopentanol. MS: m/e 693.0 (M.sup.+), 695.1 (M.sup.++2).
Example 2-15
##STR00147##
[1071]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(5-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy-
)-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3R-yloxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyc-
lo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00320448) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Examples 1-2 and 2-1, except that
5-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used instead in Step 4 of
Example 1-2, and that tetrahydro-furan-3R-ol was used to form the
chloroformate reagent in Step 2 of Example 2-1 instead of
cyclopentanol. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD): 7.38 (s, 1H),
7.32-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.10 (br s, 1H), 5.56-5.50 (q,
1H), 5.42-5.38 (t, 1H), 5.35 (br s, 1H), 4.80-4.48 (m, 6H), 4.44
(m, 1H), 4.16 (d, 1H), 3.84 (dd, 1H), 3.78-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.60
(m, 1H), 3.50 (t, 1H), 2.55-2.36 (m, 3H), 2.21-2.12 (m, 1H),
1.98-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.20
(m, 9H). MS: m/e 659.1 (M.sup.+), 661.1 (M.sup.++2).
Example 2-16
##STR00148##
[1072] Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(Cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-iso-
quinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]n-
onadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic Acid (Compound AR00248689)
[1073] Cyclopentyl carboxylic acid was first loaded on PS-TFP resin
(purchased from Argonaut Technologies) to form an active ester. The
activated ester on resin (26 mg, 1.16 mmol/g, 0.03 mmol) was
swelled in 0.5 mL chloroform first, followed by addition of
MP-carbonate resin (purchased from Argonaut Technologies, 300 mg,
2.5 mmol/g, 0.75 mmol). To this resin mixture was then added 0.5 M
chloroform solution of the macrocyclic material (15 mg, 0.02 mmol),
and the reaction was shaken for overnight at rt. The reaction was
complete by HPLC after 16 h. It was then filtered and concentrated
down, giving clean N-acylated product. It was then hydrolyzed
following the same hydrolysis procedures as in Step 5 of Example
1-1, giving the desired product AR00248689 as a white solid (12.5
mg, 88%). MS (APCI+): m/z 621.3 (MH.sup.+).
Example 2-17
##STR00149##
[1075]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-1-
4-(2,2-dimethyl-propionylamino)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.su-
p.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00248687) was
synthesized following the same procedures as described in Example
2-16, except that tert-butyl carboxylic acid was first loaded on
PS-TFP resin instead. MS (APCI+): m/z 609.3 (MH.sup.+).
Example 2-18
##STR00150##
[1077]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-1-
4-isobutyrylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec--
7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00248688) was synthesized
following the same procedures as described in Example 2-16, except
that isopropyl carboxylic acid was first loaded on PS-TFP resin
instead. MS (APCI+): m/z 595.3 (MH.sup.+).
Example 2-19
##STR00151##
[1078] Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)--
18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricy-
clo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00298989).
##STR00152##
[1080]
14-Amino-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo--
3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic
acid ethyl ester (120 mg, 217 .mu.mol) and N-.alpha.-t-Boc-L-valine
N-hydroxysuccinamide ester (96 mg, 300 .mu.mol) were stirred
together in 1.1 mL dichloromethane for 14 hours. The solvent was
removed in vacuo and 1 mL each of water and ethyl acetate were
added. The phases were separated and the aqueous layer was washed
twice with 500 .mu.L of ethyl acetate. The combined organics were
dried over MgSO.sub.4 and the solvents removed in vacuo to provide
the desired compound as a white solid (132 mg, 81%). MS m/z 752.2
(MH+).
Example 2-20
##STR00153##
[1082]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-1-
4-{3-methyl-2-[(pyrazine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-butyrylamino}-2,15-dioxo-3,16--
diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid
(Compound AR00301338) was synthesized following the same procedures
as described in Example 2-19, except that
3-methyl-2-[(pyrazine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-butyric acid
2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester was used to replace
N-.alpha.-t-Boc-L-valine N-hydroxysuccinamide ester instead. MS m/e
730.3 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-21
##STR00154##
[1084]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-1-
4-{2-[(6-dimethylamino-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-3-methyl-butyrylamino}--
2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic
acid (Compound AR00304072) was synthesized following the same
procedures as described in Example 2-19, except that
2-[(6-Dimethylamino-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-3-methyl-butyric
acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester was used to replace
N-.alpha.-t-Boc-L-valine N-hydroxysuccinamide ester instead.
.sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD, 500 MHz): .delta. 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.46 (s,
1H), 8.37-8.39 (m, 1H), 8.14-8.21 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.18 (m, 5H), 5.63
(q, 1H), 5.36-5.42 (m, 2H), 4.49-4.56 (m, 3H), 4.42-4.45 (m, 1H),
4.31-4.32 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.72 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.91
(m, 2H), 2.33-2.55 (m, 4H), 1.93-2.03 (m, 3H), 1.61-1.68 (m, 3H),
1.27-1.52 (m, 12H), 0.86-0.96 (m, 8H). MS m/e 770.4 (M-1).
Example 2-22
##STR00155##
[1086]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-1-
4-{3-methyl-2-[(pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-butyrylamino}-2,15-dioxo-3,16--
diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid
(Compound AR00304073) was synthesized following the same procedures
as described in Example 2-19, except that
3-Methyl-2-[(pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-butyric acid
2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester was used to replace
N-.alpha.-t-Boc-L-valine N-hydroxysuccinamide ester instead. MS m/e
729.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-23
##STR00156##
[1088]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(2-Amino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)-18-(3,4-dihyd-
ro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.-
sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00298990) was
prepared by following the same procedures as the Step 1 of Example
2-1. MS m/e 624.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-24
##STR00157##
[1089] Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(3-Cyclopentyl-ureido)-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinol-
ine-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-
-7-ene-4-carboxylic Acid (Compound AR00294378)
##STR00158##
[1091]
14-Amino-2,15-dioxo-18-(8-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoli-
ne-2-carbonyloxy)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-car-
boxylic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride salt (49 mg, 74 .mu.mol),
diisopropylethylamine (29 mg, 222 .mu.mol), and cyclopentyl
isocyanate (25 mg, 222 .mu.mol) were taken up in 375 .mu.L
dichloromethane and stirred at 19.degree. C. for 1 hour. The
reaction was loaded directly onto a C18 flash column and eluted
with water/acetonitrile (10 to 100%) containing 0.1% TFA to provide
the title product as a white solid (42 mg, 77%). MS m/z 732.2
(MH+).
Example 2-25
##STR00159##
[1093]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(3-tert-Butyl-ureido)-18-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoq-
uinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]no-
nadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00294377) was synthesized
according to the procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 2-24,
except that tert-butyl isocyanate was used to replace cyclopentyl
isocyanate in the Example 2-24 procedures. MS m/e 624.1
(M.sup.++1).
Example 2-26
##STR00160##
[1095]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(3-Cyclopentyl-ureido)-18-(5-fluoro-3,4-dihyd-
ro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.-
sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00304077) was
synthesized according to the procedures described in Examples 1-2
and 2-24, except that 5-Fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was
used to replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of
Example 1-2. MS m/e 654.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-27
##STR00161##
[1097]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(3-Cyclopentyl-ureido)-2,15-dioxo-18-(8-trifl-
uoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[-
14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound
AR00304078) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Examples 1-2 and 2-24, except that
8-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2.
MS m/e 704.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-28
##STR00162##
[1099]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(3-Cyclopentyl-ureido)-18-(1,3-dihydro-isoind-
ole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-
-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00304079) was synthesized
according to the procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 2-24,
except that 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. MS m/e
622.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-29
##STR00163##
[1101]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(3-tert-Butyl-ureido)-18-(1,3-dihydro-isoindo-
le-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec--
7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320078) was synthesized
according to the procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 2-24,
except that 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and that
tert-butyl isocyanate was used to replace cyclopentyl isocyanate in
the Example 2-24 procedures. MS m/e 610.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-30
##STR00164##
[1103]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2-
,15-dioxo-14-[3-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-ureido]-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0-
.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320221)
was synthesized according to the procedures described in Examples
1-2 and 2-24, except that 3-isocyanato-tetrahydro-furan was used to
replace cyclopentyl isocyanate in the Example 2-24 procedures. MS
m/e 638.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 2-31
##STR00165##
[1105]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(3-tert-Butyl-ureido)-18-(5-chloro-1,3-dihydr-
o-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6-
]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320449) was
synthesized according to the procedures described in Examples 1-2
and 2-24, except that 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2,
and that tert-butyl isocyanate was used to replace cyclopentyl
isocyanate in the Example 2-24 procedures. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CD.sub.3OD): 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.28-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.20
(s, 1H), 5.51 (m, 2H), 5.40 (s, 1H), 4.73-4.60 (m, 3H), 4.53 (t,
1H), 4.38 (d, 1H), 4.28 (d, 1H), 3.98 (dd, 1H), 2.43 (m, 2H),
2.38-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.56
(m, 3H), 1.48-1.20 (m, 8H), 1.18 (s, 9H). MS: m/e 644.0 (M.sup.+),
645.9 (M.sup.++2).
Example 2-32
##STR00166##
[1107]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-(3-tert-Butyl-ureido)-18-(5,6-dichloro-1,3-di-
hydro-isoindole-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup-
.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00320450) was
synthesized according to the procedures described in Examples 1-2
and 2-24, except that 5,6-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was
used to replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of
Example 1-2, and that tert-butyl isocyanate was used to replace
cyclopentyl isocyanate in the Example 2-24 procedures. .sup.1H NMR
(500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD): 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 5.56 (q, 1H),
5.42-5.38 (m, 2H), 4.72-4.61 (m, 4H), 4.55 (t, 1H), 4.34 (dd, 1H),
4.28 (d, 1H), 3.92 (dd, 1H), 2.45-2.32 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.18 (m, 1H),
2.08-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.22
(m, 8H), 1.18 (s, 9H). MS: m/e 678.0 (M.sup.+), 680.0
(M.sup.++2).
Example 2-33
##STR00167##
[1109]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-Cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-18-(5-fluoro-1-me-
thoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-dia-
za-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid
(Compound AR00365381) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 2-1, except that
5-fluoro-1-methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolinium chloride
was used to replace 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of
Example 1-2 instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 697.4 (M-1).
Preparation of Compounds with General Structure IV
##STR00168##
[1110] Compounds with general structure IV were prepared according
to the scheme shown above (1. Khan et al, Bioorg. & Med. Chem.
Lett., 1997, 7 (23), 3017-3022. 2. International Application
PCT/US02/39926, WO 03/053349).
Example 3-1
##STR00169##
[1111] Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl Ester
(AR00261408)
##STR00170##
[1113] The macrocyclic acid compound#101 (7 mg, 0.011 mmol) was
dissolved in 0.1 mL DMF, followed by addition of CDI (1.8 mg, 0.011
mmol). The mixture was stirred in a 40.degree. C. oil bath for 1 h.
Then cyclopropylsulfonamide (2.0 mg, 0.017 mmol) was added to the
reaction, followed by DBU (1.7 mg, 0.011 mmol). The reaction was
stirred at 40.degree. C. for overnight. After 14 h, LCMS showed
reaction complete. The reaction was cooled to rt, partitioned
between 2 mL EA and 2 mL 5% HCl (aq). The organic layer was washed
with water, bicarb (2 mL ea), then dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4). The
crude was flashed on Biotage 12M (eluent=DCM:MeOH 20:1), giving
AR00261408 (4.2 mg, 52%) .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz): .delta.
0.80-2.10 (m, 25H), 2.20-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.59 (m, 3H), 2.84 (m,
1H), 3.60-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.90 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.30 (m, 2H),
4.45-4.70 (m, 5H), 4.95-5.05 (m, 2H), 5.30-5.48 (m, 2H), 5.74 (m,
1H), 6.74 (m, 1H), 7.0-7.23 (m, 4H). MS m/e 728.0 (M.sup.++H).
Example 3-2
##STR00171##
[1115] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-(propane-2-sulfonylaminocarbonyl-
)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00261407) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-1, except that isopropyl sulfonamide was
used to replace cyclopropyl sulfonamide in the coupling step. MS
m/e 728.4 (M-1).
Example 3-3
##STR00172##
[1117] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-methanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3,1-
6-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00254906) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-1, except that methyl sulfonamide was used
to replace cyclopropyl sulfonamide in the coupling step. .sup.1H
NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz): .delta. 1.20-1.52 (m, 16H), 1.54-1.98
(m, 5H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.59 (m, 3H),
2.84 (m, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.56-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.90 (m, 1H),
4.22-4.33 (m, 2H), 4.47-4.69 (m, 4H), 4.90-5.10 (m, 2H), 5.47 (brs,
1H), 5.74 (m, 1H), 6.74 (m, 1H), 7.03-7.23 (m, 4H). MS m/e 701.9
(M.sup.+), 602.2 (parent, MH.sup.+-Boc group).
Example 3-4
##STR00173##
[1119] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-(butane-1-sulfonylaminocarbonyl)-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-
-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00261409) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-1, except that n-butyl sulfonamide was used
to replace cyclopropyl sulfonamide in the coupling step. .sup.1H
NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz): .delta. 0.80-1.03 (m, 7H), 1.20-2.10 (m,
22H), 2.20-2.60 (m, 4H), 2.84 (m, 1H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.44 (m, 1H),
3.65 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.95 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.34 (m, 2H), 4.50-4.65 (m,
4H), 4.95-5.05 (m, 1H), 5.30-5.39 (m, 1H), 5.44-5.49 (m, 1H), 5.74
(m, 1H), 6.74 (m, 1H), 7.0-7.23 (m, 4H). MS m/e 743.3 (M.sup.+,
APCI-).
Example 3-5
##STR00174##
[1121] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
14-cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00282131) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 2-1 and 3-1. MS m/e 738.4 (M-1).
Example 3-6
##STR00175##
[1123] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00294381) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-5 and 3-1. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500
MHz): .delta. 0.89-2.08 (m, 25H), 2.21-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.41-2.49 (m,
1H), 2.51-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 1H), 3.83 (m, 1H), 4.21 (m, 1H),
4.40 (d, J=11.7 Hz, 1H), 4.53-4.80 (m, 5H), 4.95-5.04 (m, 2H), 5.47
(brs, 1H), 5.72 (m, 1H), 6.77 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.31 (m,
3H). MS m/e 712.3 (APCI-, M-H).
Example 3-7
##STR00176##
[1125]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxyli-
c acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,1-
5-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00298996) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
5-Fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): 10.05 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.04 (s,
1H), 6.84-6.73 (m, 2H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 5.65 (q, 1H), 5.40 (s, 1H),
4.59 (m, 2H), 4.54-4.40 (m, 3H), 4.30-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.74 (m,
1H), 3.72-3.51 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.68 (m, 3H), 2.55-2.30 (m, 3H),
2.21-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.40-0.75 (m, 18H). MS: m/e
746.0 (M.sup.+).
Example 3-8
##STR00177##
[1127]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-8-Trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2--
carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00298997) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
8-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2.
.sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 7.55 (dd, 1H), 7.42 (dd,
1H), 7.35 (t, 1H), 5.71-5.61 (m, 1H), 5.40 (m, 1H), 4.60 (s, 1H),
4.52 (m, 1H), 4.42 (m, 1H), 4.15 (m, 1H), 3.91 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.62
(m, 2H), 3.00-2.82 (m, 3H), 2.58-2.52 (m, 3H), 2.51-2.32 (m, 2H),
1.86-1.56 (m, 3H), 1.41 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.21 (m, 5H), 1.04-0.98 (m,
14H). MS: m/e 795.9 (M.sup.+).
Example 3-9
##STR00178##
[1129]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxyli-
c acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,1-
5-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00301746) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
7-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 10.10 (s, 1H), 7.08 (d, 1H),
7.02-6.96 (m, 2H), 6.60 (d, 1H), 5.64 (q, 1H), 5.40 (s, 1H),
4.92-4.41 (m, 2H), 4.55-4.40 (m, 3H), 4.28-4.12 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.75
(m, 1H), 3.65-3.46 (m, 3H), 2.88-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.78-2.56 (m, 2H),
2.52-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.12 (q, 1H), 1.82-1.74
(m, 2H), 1.45-1.12 (m, 16H), 1.10-0.98 (m, 2H), 0.90-0.75 (m, 2H).
MS m/e 761.9 (M.sup.+).
Example 3-10
##STR00179##
[1131]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-6-Trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2--
carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00301747) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
6-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2.
.sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.30
(m, 1H), 7.28-7.24 (m, 1H), 5.65 (q, 1H), 5.40 (m, 1H), 5.08 (m,
1H), 4.56 (brs, 2H), 4.60-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.15 (d, 1H),
3.88 (d, 1H), 3.75-3.67 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.82 (m, 3H), 2.66-2.54 (m,
1H), 2.52-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.42-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.76 (m, 2H),
1.74-1.70 (dd, 1H), 1.64-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.36 (m, 4H), 1.34-1.25
(m, 12H), 1.50-1.20 (m, 2H), 1.00-0.70 (m, 1H), 0.52-0.34 (m, 1H).
MS: m/e 795.9 (M.sup.+).
Example 3-11
##STR00180##
[1133]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-6-Fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxyli-
c acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,1-
5-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00301751) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
6-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. .sup.1H
NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 7.21-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.92 (m, 2H),
6.92 (m, 2H), 5.68 (q, 1H), 5.40 (m, 1H), 5.08 (t, 1H), 4.58 (m,
2H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.12 (d, 1H), 3.88 (d, 1H), 3.78-3.60 (m, 3H),
2.86-2.72 (m, 3H), 2.71-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.41-2.34
(m, 1H), 1.88-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.58 (m, 1H),
1.56-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.37-1.24 (m, 14H), 1.13-1.04 (m, 2H), 1.02-0.89
(m, 1H), 0.88-0.82 (m, 1H). MS: m/e 746.0 (M.sup.+). MS m/e 757.2
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-12
##STR00181##
[1135]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxyli-
c acid
14-(3-cyclopentyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15--
dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00304080) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except that
5-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2.
Example 3-13
##STR00182##
[1137]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-8-Trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2--
carboxylic acid
14-(3-cyclopentyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo--
3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00304081) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except that
8-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2.
MS m/e 807.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-14
##STR00183##
[1139] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-(3-cyclopentyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo--
3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00304082) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except
2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. MS m/e
725.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-15
##STR00184##
[1141] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-(2-fluoro-ethoxycarbonylamino)-2,1-
5-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00304161) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
2-fluoroethanol was used to form the chloroformate reagent in Step
2 of Example 2-1, instead of cyclopentanol. MS m/e 718.1
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-16
##STR00185##
[1143] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3-ylo-
xycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00304162) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
tetrahydro-furan-3S-ol was used to form the chloroformate reagent
in Step 2 of Example 2-1, instead of cyclopentanol. MS m/e 742.1
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-17
##STR00186##
[1145] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3R-yl-
oxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00304163) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
tetrahydro-furan-3R-ol was used to form the chloroformate reagent
in Step 2 of Example 2-1, instead of cyclopentanol. .sup.1H NMR
(d.sup.6-Benzene, 500 MHz): .delta. 10.53 (s, 1H), 6.78-6.96 (m,
4H), 5.83-5.90 (m, 1H), 5.66 (q, 1H), 5.18-5.21 (m, 1H), 5.13 (brs,
1H), 5.04 (brs, 1H), 4.41-4.87 (m, 3H), 3.85-4.05 (m, 4H),
3.67-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.53 (m, 3H), 3.23-3.34 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.85
(m, 1H), 2.34-2.59 (m, 4H), 1.84-1.99 (m, 4H), 0.98-1.60 (m, 14H),
0.42-0.47 (m, 1H), 0.27-0.32 (m, 1H). MS m/e 741.2 (M-1).
Example 3-18
##STR00187##
[1147]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-2-Phenylamino-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyri-
dine-5-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00311814) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
phenyl-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)-amine was
used to replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of
Example 1-2. MS m/e 826.2 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-19
##STR00188##
[1149]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoli-
ne-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00311815) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
1-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2.
.sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 8.94 (d, 1H), 7.59 (s,
1H), 7.31-7.23 (m, 3H), 7.22-7.15 (m, 2H), 5.74-5.64 (m, 2H), 5.47
(br s, 1H), 5.06 (t, 1H), 4.54 (dt, 1H), 4.40-4.17 (m, 4H),
4.11-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.40 (m, 5H), 3.14-2.32
(m, 7H), 2.05 (dd, 1H), 1.99-1.68 (m, 5H), 1.65-0.95 (m, 24H); MS
(POS ESI) m/z 825.4 (M.sup.+).
Example 3-20
##STR00189##
[1151]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4,4-Spirocyclobutyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline--
2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00312024) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
4,4-spirocyclobutyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) 7.54-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.26 (dd, 1H),
6.97-7.21 (m, 1H), 5.66 (dd, 1H), 5.37-5.48 (m, 1H), 5.11 (dd, 1H),
4.58 (s, 2H), 4.39 (t, 3H), 4.11-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.96 (m, 1H),
3.87 (t, 3H), 3.60-3.70 (m, 1H), 2.83-2.93 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.68 (m,
6H), 1.70-2.23 (m, 7H), 1.18-1.69 (m, 18H), 0.81-1.12 (m, 3H). MS
m/z 767.9 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-21
##STR00190##
[1153]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4,4-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbo-
xylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-
-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00312025) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
4,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) 7.31-7.40 (m, 1H), 6.97-7.23 (m, 3H),
5.67 (dd, 1H), 5.34-5.49 (m, 1H), 5.09 (dd, 1H), 4.64 (s, 1H),
4.50-4.61 (m, 1H), 4.33-4.44 (m, 3H), 4.11-4.24 (m, 1.0), 3.82-3.95
(m, 3H), 3.36-3.55 (m, 2H), 2.84-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.69 (m, 4H),
1.68-2.24 (m, 4H), 1.15-1.68 (m, 23H), 0.81-1.15 (m, 3H). MS m/z
756.0 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-22
##STR00191##
[1155]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxyli-
c acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,1-
5-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00312026) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) 7.76 (s, 1H), 6.98-7.24 (m, 3H), 5.67
(dd, 1H), 5.2-5.51 (m, 1H), 5.04-5.15 (dd, 1H), 4.28-4.63 (m, 5H),
4.10-4.24 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.96 (m, 3H), 3.37-3.78 (m, 2H), 2.83-3.06
(m, 2H), 2.54-2.71 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.54 (m, 3H), 1.69-1.94 (m, 3H),
1.16-1.69 (m, 20H), 0.81-1.15 (3H). MS m/z 742.0 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-23
##STR00192##
[1157]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4,4-Spirocyclobutyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline--
2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3-ylo-
xycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00314635) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
4,4-spirocyclobutyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2,
and tetrahydro-furan-3R-ol was used to replace cyclopentanol in
Step 2 of Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. .sup.1H
NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.2Cl.sub.2) .delta. 10.24-10.29 (s, 1H),
7.49-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.24 (dd, 1H), 7.14 (dd, 1H), 7.04 (dd, 1H),
6.81 (d 1H), 5.71 (dd, 1H), 4.95 (dd, 1H), 4.90 (bs, 1H), 4.48-4.59
(m, 3H), 4.17-4.30 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.74 (m, 3H), 3.51-3.72 (6H),
2.80-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.54 (m, 3H), 2.10-2.33 (m, 4H), 1.80-2.10
(m, 6H), 1.24-1.80 (m, 7H), 0.65-1.24 (m, 10H). MS m/z 741.2
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-24
##STR00193##
[1159]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4,4-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbo-
xylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-f-
uran-3S-yloxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-
-en-18-yl ester (Compound AR00314654) was synthesized according to
the procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
4,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and
tetrahydro-furan-3S-ol was used to replace cyclopentanol in Step 2
of Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CD.sub.2Cl.sub.2) .delta. 8.51-8.64 (bs, 1H), 7.26-7.36 (m,
1H), 7.09-7.19 (m, 2H), 6.98-7.08 (m, 1H), 5.70 (dd, 1H), 4.95 (dd,
1H), 4.83 (d, 1H), 4.44-4.72 (m, 3H), 4.17-4.30 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.91
(m, 9H), 2.80-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.55 (m, 4H), 2.13-2.34 (m, 4H),
1.91-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.63
(m, 2H), 1.30-1.51 (m, 2H), 0.96-1.15 (m, 3H), 0.65-0.95 (m, 9H).
MS m/z 770.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-25
##STR00194##
[1161]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxyli-
c acid
14-(3-tert-butyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00314656) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except that
4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and
t-butyl isocyanate was used to replace cyclopentyl isocyanate in
Example 2-24. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.2Cl.sub.2) .delta.
7.60-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.06-7.48 (m, 4H), 5.73 (dd, 1H), 5.39-5.48 (m
1H), 5.18-5.27 (bs 1H), 4.98 (dd, 1H), 4.79-4.90 (bs, 1H),
4.30-4.72 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.77 (m, 5H), 2.97 (d, 1H), 2.83-2.90 (m,
1H), 2.37-2.58 (m, 3H), 2.17-2.30 (dt, 1H), 2.22-2.35 (dt, 1H),
1.97-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.66
(m, 2H), 1.05-1.55 (m, 15H), 0.83-0.98 (m, 3H). MS m/z 741.2
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-26
##STR00195##
[1163] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00314719) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-22 and 3-1. MS m/e 630.2
(M.sup.++1-100).
Example 3-27
##STR00196##
[1165] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
14-(3-tert-butyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3-
,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320001) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except that t-butyl
isocyanate was used to replace cyclopentyl isocyanate in Example
2-24. MS m/e 725.7 (M-1).
Example 3-28
##STR00197##
[1167] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-(2-fluoro-ethoxycarbonylamino)-2,1-
5-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00320073) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and
2-fluoroethanol was used to replace cyclopentanol in Step 2 of
Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. MS m/e 704.0
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-29
##STR00198##
[1169] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3-ylo-
xycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00320079) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and
tetrahydro-furan-3R-ol was used to replace cyclopentanol in Step 2
of Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. MS m/e 728.1
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-30
##STR00199##
[1171] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3S-yl-
oxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00320080) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and
tetrahydro-furan-3S-ol was used to replace cyclopentanol in Step 2
of Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. MS m/e 728.1
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-31
##STR00200##
[1173] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-ylo-
xycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00320081) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and
tetrahydro-pyran-4-ol was used to replace cyclopentanol in Step 2
of Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. MS m/e 742.1
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-32
##STR00201##
[1175] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-ylo-
xycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00320082) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
tetrahydro-pyran-4-ol was used to replace cyclopentanol in Step 2
of Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. MS m/e 756.1
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-33
##STR00202##
[1177]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320119) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. .sup.1H
NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.28
(s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.12-7.20 (m, 1H), 6.64 (br s, 1H),
5.72-5.64 (m, 1H), 5.41 (s, 1H), 5.14-5.04 (m, 1H), 4.80-4.62 (m,
2H), 4.61-4.56 (t, 1H), 4.54-4.48 (m, 1H), 4.10 (d, 1H), 3.85 (d,
1H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.65 (br s, 1H), 2.54-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.46-2.32
(m, 2H), 1.91-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.21 (m, 8H),
1.18 (s, 9H), 1.12-1.05 (m, 1H) 1.00 (m, 1H), 0.94-0.82 (m, 2H). MS
m/e 747.9 (M.sup.+).
Example 3-34
##STR00203##
[1179]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Dimethylamino-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-ca-
rboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320120) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
dimethyl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-5-yl)-amine (Example
1-25a) was used to replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step
4 of Example 1-2. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 10.08
(s, 1H), 7.13-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.88-6.81 (d, 1H), 6.77 (d, 1H), 6.68
(d, 1H), 6.61-6.53 (s, 1H), 5.71-5.60 (q, 1H), 5.40 (s, 1H),
5.00-4.88 (m, 2H), 4.55-4.38 (m, 3H), 4.24-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.88-3.77
(d, 1H), 3.64-3.41 (m, 3H), 2.91-2.69 (m, 3H), 2.61 (s, 6H),
2.53-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.11 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.72
(m, 1H), 1.61-1.22 (m, 10H), 1.18 (s, 9H), 1.09-0.97 (m, 2H),
0.91-0.76 (m, 2H). MS: 771.1 (M.sup.+), 772.1 (M.sup.++1), 773.1
(M.sup.++2).
Example 3-35
##STR00204##
[1181]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5,6-Dichloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic
acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-
-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00320121) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
5,6-Dichloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. .sup.1H
NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD): 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 6.61 (br s,
1H), 5.72-5.65 (q, 1H), 5.40 (s, 1H), 5.08 (t, 1H), 4.78-4.62 (m,
3H), 4.63-4.57 (t, 1H), 4.50 (d, 1H), 4.20 (d, 1H), 3.65 (d, 1H),
2.90 (m, 1H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.46-2.31 (m, 2H),
1.91-1.75 (m, 3H), 1.67-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.25 (m, 8H), 1.18 (s,
9H), 1.12-1.05 (m, 2H), 1.04-0.81 (m, 2H). MS: m/e 781.9
(M.sup.+).
Example 3-36
##STR00205##
[1183] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-(3-tert-butyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3-
,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320220) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except that
2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and that
t-butyl isocyanate was used to replace cyclopentyl isocyanate in
Example 2-24. MS m/e 713.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-37
##STR00206##
[1185] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-[3-(tetrahydro-furan-3--
yl)-ureido]-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00320222) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except that
3-Isocyanato-tetrahydro-furan was used to replace cyclopentyl
isocyanate in Example 2-24. MS m/e 740.8 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-38
##STR00207##
[1187] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
14-(3-cyclopentyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo--
3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320403) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1. MS m/e 739.2
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-39
##STR00208##
[1189]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-(3-tert-butyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3-
,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320446) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except that
5-chloro-2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and that
t-butyl isocyanate was used to replace cyclopentyl isocyanate in
Example 2-24. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD): 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.28
(s, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 5.65-5.72 (q,
1H), 5.45 (s, 1H), 5.06 (t, 1H), 4.74-4.60 (m, 4H), 4.56 (t, 1H),
4.46 (m, 1H), 4.22 (d, 1H), 3.87-3.91 (dd, 1H), 2.86-2.94 (m, 1H),
2.65-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.42-2.34 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.83
(m, 1H), 1.78-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.56 (m, 1H), 1.54-3.92 (m, 4H),
1.39-1.23 (m, 7H), 1.12 (s, 9H), 1.02-0.98 (m, 1H), 0.94-0.86 (m,
1H). MS: m/e 747.1 (M.sup.+), 749.1 (M.sup.++2).
Example 3-40
##STR00209##
[1191]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5,6-Dichloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic
acid
14-(3-tert-butyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-di-
oxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320447) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except that
5,6-dichloro-2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2, and that
t-butyl isocyanate was used to replace cyclopentyl isocyanate in
Example 2-24. MS: m/e 781.1 (M.sup.+). 783.1 (M.sup.++2).
Example 3-41
##STR00210##
[1193]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoli-
ne-2-carboxylic acid
14-cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320506) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
1-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2.
MS (POS ESI) m/z 837.4 (M.sup.+).
Example 3-42
##STR00211##
[1195] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,1-
6-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320547) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that benzenesulfonamide
was used to replace cyclopropylsulfonamide in the coupling step of
Example 3-1. MS m/e 762.3 (M-1).
Example 3-43
##STR00212##
[1197] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-methoxy-benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl)-2,-
15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00320548) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
4-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide was used to replace
cyclopropylsulfonamide in the coupling step of Example 3-1. MS m/e
792.3 (M-1).
Example 3-44
##STR00213##
[1199] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-(toluene-4-sulfonylaminocarbonyl-
)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320549) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that
4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide was used to replace
cyclopropylsulfonamide in the coupling step of Example 3-1. MS m/e
776.3 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-45
##STR00214##
[1201]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1-Piperidin-1R-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinol-
ine-2-carboxylic acid
14-cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320556) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
1-Piperidin-1R-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2.
.sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 8.99 (br s, 1H),
7.34-7.13 (m, 6H), 5.75-5.65 (m, 2H), 5.44 (br s, 1H), 5.06 (t,
1H), 4.60 (t, 1H), 4.51 (d, 1H), 4.44-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.12-3.97 (m,
2H), 3.86 (d, 1H), 3.75-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.07 (t, 2H), 2.96-2.86 (m,
1H), 2.78 (d, 1H), 2.66 (br s, 1H), 2.56-2.26 (m, 3H), 2.06 (d,
1H), 1.99-1.66 (m, 10H), 1.65-1.21 (m, 18H), 1.15-0.95 (m, 3H); MS
(POS ESI) m/z 837.4 (M.sup.+).
Example 3-46
##STR00215##
[1203]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1-Piperidin-1S-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinol-
ine-2-carboxylic acid
14-cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320557) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
1-Piperidin-1S-ylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline was used to
replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2.
.sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 7.32-7.14 (m, 6H), 6.87
(br s, 1H), 5.72-5.60 (m, 2H), 5.47-5.39 (m, 1H), 5.11 (br s, 1H),
4.58 (t, 1H) 4.53-3.86 (m, 8H), 3.67-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.85 (m,
1H), 2.78 (d, 1H), 2.65-2.24 (m, 4H), 2.10-1.22 (m, 27H), 1.19 (dt,
1H), 1.10-1.02 (m, 2H), 1.01-0.93 (m, 1H), 0.89 (q, 1H); MS (POS
ESI) m/z 837.4 (M.sup.+).
Example 3-47
##STR00216##
[1205]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-(3-cyclopentyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo--
3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320574) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except that
5-chloro-2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. MS: m/e
759.1 (M.sup.+), 761.1 (M.sup.++2).
Example 3-48
##STR00217##
[1207]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5,6-Dichloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic
acid
14-(3-cyclopentyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00320575) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2, 2-24 and 3-1, except that
5,6-dichloro-2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in Step 4 of Example 1-2. MS: m/e
793.1 (M.sup.+).
Example 3-49
##STR00218##
[1209] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy-
carbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00320578) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol was used to replace cyclopentanol in Step 2
of Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. MS m/e 754.0
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-50
##STR00219##
[1211] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-(2,2-difluoro-ethoxycarbonylamino)-
-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00320579) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
2,2-Difluoro-ethanol was used to replace cyclopentanol in Step 2 of
Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. MS m/e 736.0
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-51
##STR00220##
[1213] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-(2-fluoro-1-fluoromethyl-ethoxycar-
bonylamino)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-1-
8-yl ester (Compound AR00320580) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
1,3-Difluoro-propan-2-ol was used to replace cyclopentanol in Step
2 of Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. MS m/e 750.1
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-52
##STR00221##
[1215] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-meth-
yl-ethoxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en--
18-yl ester (Compound AR00320581) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
1,1,1-Trifluoro-propan-2-ol was used to replace cyclopentanol in
Step 2 of Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate reagent. MS m/e
768.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-53
##STR00222##
[1217] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1,1-di-
methyl-ethoxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-
-en-18-yl ester (Compound AR00320582) was synthesized according to
the procedures described in Examples 1-2, 2-1 and 3-1, except that
1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-methyl-propan-2-ol was used to replace
cyclopentanol in Step 2 of Example 2-1 to form the chloroformate
reagent. MS m/e 782.1 (M.sup.++1).
Example 3-54
##STR00223##
[1219] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxylic
acid
14-cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00324375) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-22, 2-1 and 3-1. MS m/e 740.5
(M.sup.++1).
Example 3-55
##STR00224##
[1221]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00334191) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Examples 1-2 and 3-1, except that in Step 4 of Example
1-2, 4-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used in substitution of
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isoquinoline. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
d.sub.6-acetone) .delta. 10.70 (br s, 1H), 8.34 (d, 1H), 7.39-7.33
(m, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 7.10-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.13 (d, 1H), 5.70 (q,
1H), 5.44 (br s, 1H), 4.99 (t, 1H), 4.78-4.59 (m, 5H), 4.18-4.08
(m, 1H), 3.88-3.81 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.78 (m, 3H), 2.71-2.60 (m, 1H),
2.52-2.35 (m, 3H), 1.92-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.75 (t, 1H), 1.61-1.14 (m,
17H), 1.04-0.95 (m, 2H); -APCI MS m/z 730.4 (M-1).
Example 3-55a
[1222] 4-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole used in Example 3-55 was
prepared in the following two steps:
[1223] Step 1:
##STR00225##
[1224] The best result occurs when the starting material is run 0.5
M in formamide and heated to 125.degree. C. for 1 to 5 h depending
on scale. Starting material is not soluble in formamide until the
temperature is >60.degree. C. Upon completion of reaction as
monitored by LC/MS (apcineg), the heat is removed and 3 times the
volume of the reaction of water is added. Next, the reaction is
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred until a pale yellow
precipitate has formed. The yellow solid product is filtered off
and washed with water before drying overnight to give yields
between 70-77%.
[1225] Step 2:
##STR00226##
[1226] To the starting material in a round bottom flask was added 4
equivalents of 1 M BH.sub.3-THF drop wise using an addition funnel
to form a golden solution which upon heating and stirring turned
copper in color. The reaction was then heated at reflux for 18
h.
[1227] The reaction is then cooled to room temperature (rt) and
then to 0.degree. C. in an ice bath. 4 equivalents of MeOH are
added drop wise and the ice bath removed so quenched reaction can
warm to rt. Reaction color turns dark during this warming process.
Next, 6 N HCl was added drop wise at rt until pH paper showed
reaction to be acidic and the reaction refluxed (63.degree. C.) for
1 h. The reaction was then cooled to rt. At this point the reaction
was concentrated and washed with Et.sub.2O (2.times.) and DCM
(2.times.). The aqueous layer was then brought to pH=11 with NaOH
pellets. More water was added and the aqueous layer was extracted
with ether (4.times.). The combined extracts were dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated to give a light tan colored oil
product, which was used directly. Mass recovery is always slightly
higher than theoretical, but material is used crude like this to
give >80% yield in the next step.
Example 3-56
##STR00227##
[1229] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00333833) was synthesized according to Examples 1-2 and
3-1, except that in the analogous Example 1-2 steps,
2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole was used in Step 4 instead, and the
ring-closing metathesis product 10 from step 3 of Example 1-2 was
further reduced with H.sub.2/Rh--Al.sub.2O.sub.3 before the next
coupling step according to a literature procedure (WO 0059929, p.p.
76-77). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3SOCD.sub.3) .delta. 11.11 (s,
1H), 8.89 (s, 1H), 7.16-7.29 (m, 4H), 6.95 (d, 1H), 5.25 (bs, 1H),
4.50-4.60 (bs, 4H), 4.40 (dd, 1H), 4.23 (d, 1H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 3.68
(d, 1H), 2.92 (m, 1H), 2.32 (dd, 1H), 2.11 (m. 1H), 1.40-1.68 (m,
2H), 0.92-1.40 (m, 19H). MS m/z 717.0 (M+1).
Example 3-57
##STR00228##
[1231]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Amino-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00334286) was synthesized according to the procedures
shown in the following scheme.
##STR00229##
[1232] Step 1. Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-18-triisopropyl-
silanyloxy-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic
acid ethyl ester. To a solution of the free hydroxymacrocycle
intermediate (compound 10 of Example 1-2, 5.0 g, 10.1 mmol) in
DriSolve DCM (30 ml) was added imidazole (827 mg, 1.2 equiv) and
TIPSCl (2.15 g, 1.1 equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT
for 18 h. TLC (5% MeOH-DCM) showed considerable amount of SM still
remaining. To this reaction mixture was added more imidazole (410
mg), TIPSCl (1 g) and DMAP (121 mg). After stirring for overnight,
reaction mixture showed small amount of SM left. The reaction
mixture was washed with water (2.times.25 ml). The combined aqueous
layer was backwashed with DCM (25 ml). The combined organic layers
was dried and concentrated to give a light yellowish oil. The crude
material was used in the next step without further
purification.
[1233] Step 2. Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-18-triisopropyl-
silanyloxy-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic
acid. The ester SM from Step 1 was first dissolved in a mixture of
THF (20 ml) and MeOH (20 ml). To this mixture was then added
LiOH--H.sub.2O (2.1 g, 50 mmol) in water (10 ml) and stirred for 12
h at RT. LCMS showed reaction complete. The reaction mixture was
concentrated to almost dryness. The solid residue was then
dissolved in 50 mL water, acidified with 2N HCl, and extracted with
EtOAc (2.times.50 ml). The combined organic layers was dried over
anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated. The crude material was
used in the next step without further purification.
[1234] Step 3. Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-(4-Cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-18-tri-
isopropylsilanyloxy-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-14-y-
l)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester. The acid SM from Step 2 above
was first dissolved in 25 mL DriSolve 1,2-dichloroethane. To this
solution was added CDI (2.2 g, 13.8 mmol) in one portion and the
reaction was stirred at 50.degree. C. for 3 h. Then cyclopropyl
sulfonamide (3.3 g, 27.5 mmol) was added to the reaction, followed
by DBU (4.2 g, 27.5 mmol), and the reaction was stirred at
50.degree. C. for 4 h. LCMS showed reaction complete. For work-up,
the reaction mixture was washed with water (2.times.50 mL), and the
organic layer was dried (anhyd. Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated.
The crude material was used in the next step without further
purification.
[1235] Step 4. Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-(4-Cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-18-hydroxy-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-14-yl)-carbamic
acid tert-butyl ester. The crude product from Step 3 above was
first dissolved in THF (40 mL). To this solution was then added
TBAF (3.6 g, 13.7 mmol, 1.5 equiv) and stirred for 2 h at RT. TLC
showed reaction complete. The reaction mixture was then
concentrated down to dryness, re-dissolved in EtOAc and washed with
water. The organic layer was dried (anhyd. Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and
concentrated. For purification, the crude product was dissolved in
DCM (50 mL) and washed with 3N NaOH solution. The aq. layer was
neutralized with 2N HCl and extracted with DCM (2.times.25 mL). The
combined organic layers was dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and
concentrated to give pure white solid (2.4 g, 46%). MS m/z (APCI+)
469.1 (MH.sup.+-Boc).
[1236] Step 5. Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Amino-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00334286). To a DCE solution of the product from Step 4
above (19 mg, 33 .mu.mol) was added CDI (7 mg, 1.3 equiv), and the
reaction was stirred at RT for overnight. LCMS indicated reaction
complete. 2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-ylamine (18 mg, 4 equiv) was
then added. After 4 h at RT, LCMS showed reaction complete. The
reaction mixture was directly loaded onto silica gel and eluted
with 1 to 5% methanol/DCM. The pure product was isolated as a white
solid. MS m/z (APCI+): 629.2 (MH.sup.+-Boc).
Example 3-58
##STR00230##
[1238]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Amino-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00334385) was synthesized by a similar fashion as that
described in Example 3-57, substituting
2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-ylamine in Step 5 with
2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-4-ylamine instead. Also, the final product
purification was carried out on reverse phase column chromatography
(eluent=5 to 100% acetonitrile in water), yielding the final
product as a beige foamy solid. MS m/z (APCI-): 728.2
(M.sup.+).
Example 3-59
##STR00231##
[1240] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-trifluoromethanesulfonylaminocar-
bonyl-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00340479) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that trifluoro-methanesulfonamide
was used to replace cyclopropanesulfonamide. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-Acetone): 7.98 (brs, 1H), 7.23-7.35 (m, 4H), 6.13 (brd,
1H), 5.70 (q, 1H), 5.44 (brs 1H), 4.98-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.61-4.72 (m,
5H), 4.49 (d, 1H), 4.16-4.18 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.90 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.59
(m, 2H), 2.38-2.51 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.79 (m, 2H),
1.21-1.59 (m, 8H), 1.21 (s, 9H). MS m/z (APCI-): 741.1
(M.sup.+).
Example 3-60
##STR00232##
[1242] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-carboxy-benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl)-2,-
15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00365387) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
4-sulfamoyl-benzoic acid was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. MS m/z (APCI-): 792.3 (M-1).
Example 3-61
##STR00233##
[1244] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(5-carboxy-2-chloro-benzenesulfonylaminocar-
bonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00365388) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
4-chloro-3-sulfamoyl-benzoic acid was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. MS m/z (APCI-): 826.2 (M-2).
Example 3-62
##STR00234##
[1246] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(3-carboxy-4-methoxy-benzenesulfonylaminoca-
rbonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00365425) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
2-methoxy-5-sulfamoyl-benzoic acid was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. MS m/z (APCI-): 822.3 (M-1).
Example 3-63
##STR00235##
[1248] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(5-carboxy-4-chloro-2-fluoro-benzenesulfony-
laminocarbonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7--
en-18-yl ester (Compound AR00365426) was synthesized according to
the procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-sulfamoyl-benzoic acid was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. MS m/z (APCI-): 844.2 (M-2).
Example 3-64
##STR00236##
[1250] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-dimethylamino-benzenesulfonylaminocarbon-
yl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00365572) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
4-dimethylamino-benzenesulfonamide was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. MS m/z (APCI-): 791.3 (M-1).
Example 3-65
##STR00237##
[1252] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-(propane-2-sulfonylaminocarbonyl-
)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00333801) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that propane-2-sulfonic acid amide
was used to replace cyclopropanesulfonamide. MS m/z (APCI-): 714.4
(M-1).
Example 3-66
##STR00238##
[1254] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,1-
6-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00333802) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that benzenesulfonamide was used
to replace cyclopropanesulfonamide. MS m/z (APCI-): 748.3
(M-1).
Example 3-67
##STR00239##
[1256] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-methanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3,1-
6-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00333803) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that methanesulfonamide was used
to replace cyclopropanesulfonamide. MS m/z (APCI-): 686.4
(M-1).
Example 3-68
##STR00240##
[1258] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(5-chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonylaminocarbonyl-
)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00334188) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
5-chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonic acid amide was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. MS m/z (APCI-): 788.3 (M-2).
Example 3-69
##STR00241##
[1260] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-(5-acetylamino-[1,3,4]thiadiazole-2-sulfonylaminocarbonyl)-14-tert-buto-
xycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7--
en-18-yl ester (Compound AR00334247) was synthesized according to
the procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
N-(5-Sulfamoyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-acetamide was used to
replace cyclopropanesulfonamide. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-Acetone): 7.24-7.31 (m, 4H), 5.96 (brd, 1H), 5.42 (brs 1H),
5.28 (m, 1H), 5.15 (m, 1H), 4.68 (m, 6H), 4.49 (m, 1H), 4.14 (m,
2H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.36 (m, 5H), 1.70-2.19 (m, 8H), 1.19-1.48
(m, 4H), 1.30 (s, 9H). MS m/z (APCI-): 813.3 (M-1).
Example 3-70
##STR00242##
[1262] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-cyano-benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl)-2,15-
-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00334248) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
4-cyano-benzenesulfonamide was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, d.sup.6-Acetone):
11.32 (brs, 1H), 8.36 (brs, 1H), 8.04-8.15 (m, 4H), 7.22-7.35 (m,
4H), 6.12 (brd, 1H), 5.47 (brs 1H), 5.28 (q, 1H), 4.60-4.72 (m,
5H), 4.48-4.54 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.17 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.90 (m, 1H),
2.37-2.52 (m, 4H), 1.72-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.62 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.55
(m, 8H), 1.20 (s, 9H). MS m/z (APCI-): 773.3 (M-1).
Example 3-71
##STR00243##
[1264] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-nitro-benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl)-2,15-
-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00334249) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
4-nitro-benzenesulfonamide was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, d.sup.6-Acetone):
11.39 (brs, 1H), 8.46 (d, 2H), 8.35 (brs, 1H), 8.23 (d, 2H),
7.23-7.36 (m, 4H), 6.11 (brd, 1H), 5.47 (brs 1H), 5.23 (q, 1H),
4.59-4.72 (m, 5H), 4.49-4.54 (m, 2H), 4.15 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.90 (m,
1H), 2.40-2.53 (m, 4H), 1.72-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.62 (m, 1H),
1.20-1.56 (m, 8H), 1.20 (s, 9H). MS m/z (APCI-): 793.3 (M-1).
Example 3-72
##STR00244##
[1266] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-chloro-benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl)-2,1-
5-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00334250) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
4-chloro-benzenesulfonamide was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, d.sup.6-Acetone):
11.16 (brs, 1H), 8.34 (brs, 1H), 7.96 (d, 2H), 7.65 (d, 2H),
7.22-7.36 (m, 4H), 6.13 (brd, 1H), 5.46 (brs 1H), 5.27 (q, 1H),
4.59-4.71 (m, 5H), 4.48-4.54 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.18 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.89
(m, 1H), 2.35-2.52 (m, 4H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.61 (m, 1H),
1.20-1.53 (m, 8H), 1.20 (s, 9H). MS m/z (APCI-): 782.3 (M-2).
Example 3-73
##STR00245##
[1268] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-methoxy-benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl)-2,-
15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00334341) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
4-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, d.sup.6-Acetone):
8.26 (brs, 1H), 7.84 (d, 2H), 7.19-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.05 (d, 2H), 6.08
(brd, 1H), 5.43 (brs 1H), 5.25 (q, 1H), 4.55-4.67 (m, 5H), 4.48 (q,
2H), 4.10-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.82-3.87 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.47
(m, 4H), 1.74-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.47 (m, 4H),
1.20-1.32 (m, 5H), 1.17 (s, 9H). MS m/z (APCI-): 779.1 (M-1).
Example 3-74
##STR00246##
[1270] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(5-carboxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-sulfonylam-
inocarbonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en--
18-yl ester (Compound AR00364266) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
1-methyl-5-sulfamoyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid was used to
replace cyclopropanesulfonamide. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-Acetone): 10.84 (brs, 1H), 8.27 (brs, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H),
7.24-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.18 (d, 1H), 6.10 (brd, 1H), 5.50 (br, 1H),
5.46 (m 1H), 5.36 (q, 1H), 4.59-4.71 (m, 6H), 4.48 (d, 1H),
4.13-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.85-3.89 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.59 (m,
4H), 1.71-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.51 (m, 8H), 1.20
(s, 9H). MS m/z (APCI-): 795.4 (M-1).
Example 3-75
##STR00247##
[1272] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-(thiophene-2-sulfonylaminocarbon-
yl)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00365427) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that thiophene-2-sulfonic acid
amide was used to replace cyclopropanesulfonamide. MS m/z (APCI-):
754.4 (M-1).
Example 3-76
##STR00248##
[1274]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-6-Methoxy-1-methoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquin-
oline-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00334339) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that
6-methoxy-1-methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (for
synthesis see Example 3-76a) was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole. MS m/z (APCI-): 800.5 (M-1).
Example 3-76a
##STR00249##
[1276] The synthesis of
6-Methoxy-1-methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolinium
chloride is depicted in the following scheme:
##STR00250##
[1277] Step 1: Synthesis of
2-Chloro-N-[2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide. The amine,
2-(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine, was taken up as a 0.6 M solution
in DCM, followed by addition of TEA (2 equiv.). The mixture was
then cooled in an IPA/dry ice bath. When the reaction temperature
reached -60.degree. C., a solution of chloroacetylchloride in DCM
(2.6 M) was added dropwise so as to keep the temperature below
-60.degree. C. After complete addition, the reaction was stirred at
-60.degree. C. for 1 h. The reaction was then warmed to -20.degree.
C. and filtered over GF filter paper to remove some of the TEA-HCl
salt. The filtrate was warmed the rest of the way to rt and
transferred to a separatory funnel where it was washed with 1 N HCl
(2.times.) and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO.sub.4
and concentrated to give a dark purple solid. This crude product
was directly used in the next step without further
purification.
[1278] Step 2: Synthesis of
1-Chloromethyl-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-isoquinolinium chloride. Two
equiv. of P.sub.2O.sub.5 (12.9 g) was boiled in xylenes (180 mL) as
a 0.25 M solution. The crude product from Step 1 above was also
first boiled in xylenes (45 mL) to make a 0.5 M solution, and it
was then added dropwise via an addition funnel to the
P.sub.2O.sub.5 solution. The mixture was stirred and heated at
reflux for 1 h. The reaction was then cooled to RT and the xylenes
decanted off at this point. The flask was then placed in an ice
bath and stirred while ice, water, EtOAc, and finally 4 M NaOH were
added carefully until the pH>12. Reaction was kept
<25.degree. C. until pH=12 was reached. The reaction was then
extracted with EtOAc (3.times.). The combined organic extracts were
dried over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated to give a dark solution.
This was cooled in an ice bath while 400 mL of cold Et.sub.2O was
added followed by 100 mL of cold HCl/Et.sub.2O. A precipitate
formed and was filtered away, washing with Et.sub.2O. The solid was
immediately placed on high vac for 2 h to give the target product
as a colored foamy solid. This crude product was directly used in
the next step without further purification.
[1279] Step 3: Synthesis of
6-Methoxy-1-methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolinium
chloride. The crude product from Step 2 above was added in one
portion to TEA (5 equiv.) and NaI (0.1 equiv.) in MeOH at 0.degree.
C. Next, 2.2 equiv. of NaOMe was added and the homogeneous reaction
became turbid. The reaction was then stirred at 0.degree. C. for 1
h. LC/MS showed the imine completely freebased.
[1280] The reaction was then cooled again to 0.degree. C. in an ice
bath and NaBH.sub.4 (1.5 equiv.) was added carefully. The reaction
was then warmed to RT again and stirred for 2 h. After the reaction
reached completion as monitored by LC/MS, it was concentrated,
treated with 1 N NaOH and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer
was dried over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated. The resulting residue
was taken up in MeOH and cooled in an ice bath. HCl gas was bubbled
through it for 10 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated and
re-dissolved in MeOH. After concentrating a second time the
reaction was put on the high vac for overnight. The crude material
was then triturated with EtOAc (3.times.) to give the product as a
brownish foamy solid upon sitting overnight on the high vac. This
crude product was directly used in the next step without further
purification. MS m/z (POSESI): 208.1 (MH.sup.+).
Example 3-77
##STR00251##
[1282]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Fluoro-1-methoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquino-
line-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00365193) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-76, except that
5-fluoro-1-methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolinium chloride
(for synthesis see Example 3-77a) was used to replace
6-methoxy-1-methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolinium
chloride. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 8.99-8.91 (m,
1H), 7.23-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.13-6.99 (m, 2H), 6.99-6.90 (m, 1H), 5.68
(q, 1H), 5.41 (br s, 1H), 5.35-5.21 (m, 1H), 5.06 (t, 1H),
4.60-4.31 (m, 3H), 4.30-4.05 (m, 3H), 3.96-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.56
(m, 3H), 3.35 (d, 3H), 2.98-2.30 (m, 9H), 1.91-1.68 (m, 4H),
1.64-0.95 (m, 16H); MS (APCI-) m/z 788.3 (M-1).
Example 3-77a
##STR00252##
[1284] Synthesis of
5-fluoro-1-methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolinium chloride
was carried out in a similar fashion as depicted in Example 3-76a,
except that in Step 1, 2-(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethylamine was used to
replace 2-(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine.
Example 3-78
##STR00253##
[1286]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-carboxy-benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl)-2,-
15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00365438) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-55, except that
4-sulfamoyl-benzoic acid was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide. .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta.
8.92 (d, 1H), 8.25-8.19 (m, 1H), 8.15 (d, 2H), 8.04 (d, 2H),
7.36-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 7.05-6.95 (m, 2H), 5.42 (br s,
1H), 5.26 (q, 1H), 4.82-4.50 (m, 8H), 4.10-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.85 (d,
1H), 3.75-3.69 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.39 (m, 4H), 2.26 (p, 2H), 1.89-1.84
(m, 1H), 1.81-1.05 (m, 15H); MS (APCI-): m/z 810.2 (M-1).
Example 3-79
##STR00254##
[1287] Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-{2-cyclohexyl-2-[(pyrazine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-acetylamino}-4-cycloprop-
anesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]n-
onadec-7-en-18-yl ester (Compound AR00340303)
##STR00255##
[1289] The starting material (AR00334191, Example 3-55, 10 mg, 13.7
.mu.mol) was dissolved in 1 mL of 50% TFA (DCM) and stirred at RT
for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated to dryness,
taken up in acetonitrile and concentrated again. Repeat the above
process once more to remove any excess TFA. The resulting solid
residue was then dissolved in DCE (137 .mu.L), cooled to 0.degree.
C. in an ice bath, followed by addition of the amino acid,
cyclohexyl-[(pyrazine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-acetic acid (1.05 equiv),
HATU (10 mg) and DIEA (4 drps). The mixture was let slowly warm up
to RT and stir for overnight. For work-up, the reaction mixture was
directly loaded onto a C-18 column and purified with reverse-phase
column chromatography, giving the target compound as a white solid.
MS (APCI-): m/z 876.1 (M-1).
Example 3-80
##STR00256##
[1291]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-(2-acetylamino-2-cyclohexyl-acetylamino)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminoca-
rbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00340122) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-79, except that
acetylamino-cyclohexyl-acetic acid was used to replace
cyclohexyl-[(pyrazine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-acetic acid. MS (APCI-):
m/z 811.3 (M-1).
Example 3-81
##STR00257##
[1292] Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetylamino]-
-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00340156)
##STR00258##
[1294] The starting material (AR00334191, Example 3-55, 10 mg, 13.7
.mu.mol) was dissolved in 1 mL of 50% TFA (DCM) and stirred at RT
for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated to dryness,
taken up in acetonitrile and concentrated again. Repeat the above
process once more to remove any excess TFA. The resulting solid
residue was then dissolved in DCE (137 .mu.L), followed by addition
of the acid chloride, (4-Methoxy-phenyl)-acetyl chloride (2 drps)
and DIEA (4 drps). The mixture was stirred ar RT for overnight.
After completion, the reaction was directly loaded onto a C-18
column and purified with reverse-phase column chromatography. The
compound was further purified on normal phase silica gel
chromatography (eluent=40% EtOAc/hexanes with 1% formic acid) to
give the target compound as a white solid. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 7.33 (p, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H), 7.05-6.92 (m, 3H),
6.65 (dd, 2H), 5.68 (q, 1H), 5.40 (br s, 1H), 5.09 (t, 1H),
4.78-4.46 (m, 7H), 4.43-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.68 (d,
3H), 3.21 (d, 1H), 2.69-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.30 (m, 5H), 2.06-0.80
(m, 15H); MS (APCI-): m/z 778.3 (M-1).
Example 3-82
##STR00259##
[1296]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-[2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetylamino]-
-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00340178) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-81, except that
(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-acetyl chloride was used to replace
(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-acetyl chloride. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 7.32 (p, 1H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 7.05-6.92 (m, 3H),
6.76-6.58 (m, 2H), 5.68 (q, 1H), 5.41 (br s, 1H), 5.09 (t, 1H),
4.76-4.46 (m, 7H), 4.43-4.26 (m, 2H), 3.91-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.69 (d,
3H), 2.94-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.30 (m, 5H),
2.06-0.80 (m, 15H); MS (APCI-) m/z 778.3 (M-1).
Example 3-83
##STR00260##
[1298]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-phenylacetylamino-3,16--
diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester (Compound
AR00340188) was synthesized according to the procedures described
in Example 3-81, except that phenyl-acetyl chloride was used to
replace (4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetyl chloride. MS (APCI-) m/z 748.4
(M-1).
Example 3-84
##STR00261##
[1300]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Methoxy-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic
acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-
-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00334314) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole (prepared by a similar fashion
as described in: JOC, Vol. 53, No. 22, 1988, pp. 5381-5383) was
used to replace 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole. MS m/z (APCI-): 742.3
(M-1).
Example 3-85
##STR00262##
[1302]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4,7-Difluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic
acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-
-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00334399) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
4,7-Difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole (prepared by a similar
fashion as described in: JOC, Vol. 53, No. 22, 1988, pp. 5381-5383)
was used to replace 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CD.sub.3OD) 8.97 (s, 1H), 6.99-6.85 (m, 2H), 5.69 (q, 1H), 5.42 (br
s, 1H), 5.07 (t, 1H), 4.83-4.57 (m, 6H), 4.51 (d, 1H), 4.13-4.02
(m, 1H), 3.85 (t, 1H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.59 (m, 1H),
2.55-2.28 (m, 4H), 1.89-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.65-1.22 (m, 10H), 1.18-0.96
(m, 10H), MS m/z (APCI-): 746.1 (M-1).
Example 3-86
##STR00263##
[1304]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-(3-tert-butyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3-
,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00338066) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-36, except that
4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta.
7.38-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.13 (d, 1H), 7.01 (p, 1H), 5.69 (q, 1H), 5.45
(br s, 1H), 5.07 (t, 1H), 4.83-4.66 (m, 4H), 4.59 (q, 1H), 4.49 (d,
1H), 4.37-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.94-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.72 (t, 1H), 2.95-2.87
(m, 1H), 2.68-2.29 (m, 5H), 2.09-1.22 (m, 11H), 1.12-0.95 (m, 12H);
MS (APCI-): m/z 729.3 (M-1).
Example 3-87
##STR00264##
[1306]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-(3,3-dimethyl-butyrylamino)-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00338070) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-81, except that 3,3-dimethyl-butyryl
chloride was used to replace (4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetyl chloride. MS
(APCI-) m/z 728.3 (M-1).
Example 3-88
##STR00265##
[1308]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(4,4,4-trifluoro-butyry-
lamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00338071) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-81, except that
4,4,4-trifluoro-butyryl chloride was used to replace
(4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetyl chloride. MS (APCI-) m/z 754.3 (M-1).
Example 3-89
##STR00266##
[1310]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Isopropylamino-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxy-
lic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2-
,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00341649) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
(2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl)-isopropyl-amine (prepared by a
similar fashion as described in: Org. Letters, 2003, Vol. 5, No. 6,
793-796) was used to replace 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole. .sup.1H NMR
(500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 8.94 (br d, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.48
(d, 1H), 7.41-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.24 (m, 2H), 5.69 (q, 1H), 5.41
(br s, 1H), 5.07 (t, 1H), 4.82-4.66 (m, 3H), 4.60 (t, 1H), 4.52 (t,
1H), 4.08 (d, 1H), 3.85 (d, 1H), 3.80-3.68 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.87 (m,
1H), 2.71-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.30 (m, 3H),
1.88-1.69 (m, 3H), 1.61 (t, 1H), 1.58-0.94 (m, 25H); MS (APCI-):
m/z 770.1 (M-1).
Example 3-90
##STR00267##
[1312]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic
acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-
-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00364936) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-ol (prepared by a similar fashion as
described in: JOC, Vol. 53, No. 22, 1988, pp. 5381-5383) was used
to replace 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole. MS m/z (APCI-): 728.2
(M-1).
Example 3-91
##STR00268##
[1314] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2,5-dicarboxylic
acid
2-(14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl) ester
5-methyl ester (Compound AR00365083) was synthesized according to
the procedures described in Example 3-57, except that
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester (prepared
as shown in Example 3-91a) was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-ylamine in Step 5 instead. MS m/z
(APCI+): 672.2 (MH.sup.+-Boc).
Example 3-91a
##STR00269##
[1316] 2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester was
synthesized according to the following scheme:
##STR00270##
[1317] A mixture of 5-bromo-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
tert-butyl ester (200 mg, 0.67 mmol), Pd(OAc).sub.2 (30 mg, 0.2
equiv), DPPP (55 mg, 0.2 equiv), TEA (0.93 mL, 10 equiv) and
MeOH:DMSO (1:1, 4 mL) was stirred for 16 h under CO (balloon) at
80.degree. C. LC-MS and TLC (20% EtOAc-Hexane) showed completion of
the reaction. The Reaction mixture was concentrated to remove MeOH
and diluted with EtOAc (10 mL), and washed with water (2.times.25
mL). The organic layer was dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), concentrated
and purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent=20%
EtOAc-Hexane), giving pure 1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2,5-dicarboxylic
acid 2-tert-butyl ester 5-methyl ester (150 mg, 81%). MS (APCI+):
m/z 178.1 (MH.sup.+-Boc).
[1318] The product above was removed of the protective group by
treating with 50% TFA-DCM for 1 h at 0.degree. C.-RT. The reaction
mixture was concentrated to dryness, re-dissolved in DCM, and
neutralized with sat. NaHCO.sub.3 solution. The organic layer was
separated, dried and concentrated to give the target compound as a
free base, which was directly used in the next coupling step
without further purification.
Example 3-92
##STR00271##
[1320] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00333831) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-5, except that 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was
used to replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline instead. .sup.1HNMR
(400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD): .delta. 7.36-7.22 (m, 3H), 7.21-7.16 (m,
1H), 5.74-5.60 (m, 1H), 5.40 (s, 1H), 5.20-5.03 (m, 1H), 4.80-4.54
(m, 6H), 4.38-4.28 (m, 1H), 4.18 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.80 (m, 1H),
2.96-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.31 (m, 4H), 1.92-0.98 (m, 24H). MS m/z
(APCI-): 724.4 (M-1).
Example 3-93
##STR00272##
[1322]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Morpholin-4-yl-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxy-
lic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2-
,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00340494) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
5-morpholin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole (prepared by a similar
fashion as described in: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 1144-1157) was
used to replace 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole. .sup.1HNMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sup.6): .delta. 7.80-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.15 (m, 1H),
7.00-6.81 (m, 2H), 5.45 (m, 1H), 5.26 (m, 1H), 4.62-4.50 (m, 4H),
4.42 (m, 1H), 4.28-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.98 (m, 1H), 3.76 (m, 4H), 3.12
(m, 4H), 2.71-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.40-1.45 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.21 (m, 10H),
0.98-0.61 (m, 4H). MS m/z (APCI+): 699.2 (MH.sup.+-Boc).
Example 3-94
##STR00273##
[1324]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Cyano-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00365082) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-5-carbonitrile (prepared by a similar
fashion as described in: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 8224-8228) was
used to replace 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole. MS m/z (APCI+): 639.1
(MH.sup.+-Boc).
Example 3-95
##STR00274##
[1326]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Ethylcarbamoyl-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxy-
lic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2-
,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00365252) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in the following scheme:
##STR00275##
[1327] Compound AR00365083 (70 mg, 91 .mu.mol), of which the
synthesis was described earlier in this document, was dissolved in
a THF:MeOH (2:1, 3 mL) mixture, followed by addition of 1 mL aq.
solution of LiOH--H.sub.2O. The reaction was stirred for 1 h at rt.
LC-MS indicated complete hydrolysis, the reaction was let continue
for another 30 min before it was concentrated, neutralized with
0.1N HCl and extracted with 5 mL of EtOAc. The organic layer was
dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), concentrated and purified with silica gel
column chromatography (eluent=5-7% MeOH-DCM) to give the hydrolysis
product as a white solid. MS (APCI+): m/z 658.1 (MH.sup.+-Boc).
[1328] The product from the above step (23 mg, 30 .mu.mol) was
first dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2 mL), followed by addition of
ethylamine (3 equiv), HOAT (3 equiv), and HATU (3 equiv), and
finally DIEA (6 equiv) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was
stirred at RT for overnight. LC-MS showed completion of the
reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (5 mL) and
washed with water (2.times.10 mL). The organic layer was dried,
concentrated and the crude product was purified by preparative TLC.
MS (APCI+): 685.2 (MH.sup.+-Boc).
Example 3-96
##STR00276##
[1330]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00334218) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-5, except that
5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CD.sub.3CN) .delta. 7.55 (bs, 1H), 7.19-7.33 (m, 3H), 5.63-5.73 (m,
2H), 5.27-5.34 (m, 1H), 4.98 (t, 1H), 4.52-4.72 (m, 5H), 4.48 (t,
1H), 4.34-4.44 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.15 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.54
(bs, 1H), 2.24-2.44 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.13-1.57 (m, 18H),
0.91-1.09 (m, 4H). MS m/z 759.9 (M+1).
Example 3-97
##STR00277##
[1332]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-14-(tetrahydro-furan-3-ylo-
xycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00334220) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-16, except that
5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CD.sub.3CN) .delta. 7.57 (bs, 1H), 7.20-7.34 (m, 3H), 5.87-5.93 (m,
1H), 5.65 (q, 1H), 5.31 (bs, 1H), 5.23-5.29 (m, 1H), 4.98 (t, 1H),
4.44-4.71 (m, 5H), 4.29-4.39 (m, 1H), 4.07-4.18 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.87
(m, 4H), 3.61-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.42 (m, 1H),
2.76-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.54 (bs, 1H), 2.36-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.36 (m,
2H), 1.69-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.13-1.56 (m, 8H),
0.90-1.10 (m, 4H). MS m/z 762.0 (M+1)
Example 3-98
##STR00278##
[1334]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-(2-fluoro-ethoxycarbonylamino)-2,1-
5-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00334222) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-28, except that
5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3CN)
.delta. 7.53 (bs, 1H), 7.20-7.33 (m, 3H), 5.93 (d, 1H), 5.67 (q,
1H), 5.32 (bs, 1H), 4.93-5.05 (m, 1H), 4.52-4.72 (m, 5H), 4.47 (t,
1H), 4.39 (t, 1H), 4.25-4.36 (m, 2H), 4.12-4.25 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.96
(m, 2H), 2.76-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.54 (bs, 1H), 2.22-2.44 (m, 3H),
1.67-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.13-1.60 (m, 10H), 0.91-1.13 (m, 4H). MS m/z
737.9 (M+1).
Example 3-99
##STR00279##
[1336]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-14-(3,3-dimethyl-butyrylamino)-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00334225) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-81, except that 3,3-dimethyl-butyryl
chloride was used to replace (4-Methoxy-phenyl)-acetyl chloride,
and that 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CD.sub.3CN) .delta. 7.60 (bs, 1H), 7.15-7.33 (m, 3H), 6.54-6.65 (m,
1H), 5.63-5.73 (m, 1H), 5.33 (bs, 1H), 4.93-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.53-4.65
(m, 3H), 4.39-4.48 (m, 2H), 4.28-4.38 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.83 (m, 2H),
2.77-2.89 (m, 1H), 2.54 (bs, 1H), 2.23-2.44 (m, 3H), 1.68-1.91 (m,
4H), 1.12-1.54 (m, 11H), 0.91-1.11 (m, 4H), 0.76-0.90 (m, 9H). MS
m/z 746.2 (M+1).
Example 3-100
##STR00280##
[1338]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-(2-cyclopentyl-acetylamino)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00334226) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-81, except that cyclopentyl-acetyl chloride
was used to replace (4-Methoxy-phenyl)-acetyl chloride, and that
5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 10.85 (bs, 1H), 6.95-7.30 (m, 3H), 5.87-6.02
(m, 1H), 5.63-5.79 (m, 1H), 5.43-5.52 (m, 1H), 4.93-5.08 (m, 1H),
4.52-4.85 (m, 5H), 4.31-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.75
(m, 2H), 3.14 (q, 1H), 2.90 (bs, 1H), 2.37-2.63 (m, 3H), 2.14-2.29
(m, 1H), 1.73-2.12 (m, 6H), 1.16-1.74 (m, 13H), 0.96-1.16 (m, 4H),
0.68-0.96 (m, 9H). MS m/z 758.2 (M+1).
Example 3-101
##STR00281##
[1340]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(5-chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonylaminocarbonyl-
)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00340173) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-6, except that
5-chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonic acid amide was used to replace
cyclopropanesulfonamide, and that 5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole
was used to replace 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, CD.sub.3CN) .delta. 8.07 (d, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.16-7.32
(m, 3H), 6.98 (d, 1H), 5.86 (bs, 1H), 5.27-5.39 (m, 2H), 4.81-4.92
(m, 1H), 4.58-4.64 (m, 2H), 4.51-4.58 (m, 2H), 4.44 (t, 1H), 4.33
(d, 1H), 4.10-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.81 (m, 1H), 2.47 (bs, 1H),
2.16-2.41 (m, 3H), 1.63-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.07-1.47
(m, 17H). MS m/z 724.1 (M+1-Boc).
Example 3-102
##STR00282##
[1342]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Bromo-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00340526) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that
5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 10.31 (bs, 1H), 7.36-7.44 (m, 1H), 6.99-7.32 (m, 3H), 5.70
(q, 1H), 5.42-5.49 (m, 1H), 5.06-5.13 (m, 1H), 4.99 (t, 1H),
4.52-4.78 (m, 5H), 4.32-4.44 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.27 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.89
(m, 1H), 3.33-3.42 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.64 (m, 3H),
2.20-2.32 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.97 (m, 4H), 1.17-1.67 (m, 16H), 1.01-1.17
(m, 3H), 0.80-0.98 (m, 2H). MS m/z 694.0 (M+1-Boc).
Example 3-103
##STR00283##
[1344]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4R-Methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxyl-
ic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,-
15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00333462) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-1, except that
4R-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (prepared according to
similar procedures as in Example 1-17a, except that
enantiomerically pure starting material was used instead of racemic
one) was used to replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline instead.
MS m/z 642.2 (M+1-Boc).
Example 3-104
##STR00284##
[1346]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4S-Methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboxyl-
ic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,-
15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester (Compound AR00333463) was synthesized according to the
procedures described in Example 3-1, except that
4S-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (prepared according to
similar procedures as in Example 1-17a, except that
enantiomerically pure starting material was used instead of racemic
one) was used to replace 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline instead.
MS m/z 642.2 (M+1-Boc).
Example 3-105
##STR00285##
[1348]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-[2-(Morpholine-4-carbonyloxy)-ethoxy]-1,3-dihy-
dro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00345032) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that morpholine-4-carboxylic acid
2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yloxy)-ethyl ester (prepared according
to the procedures described in J. Med. Chem. 2002, Vol. 45, No. 26,
5771, preparation method D, and in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 11
(2001) 685-688) was used to replace 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole
instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 885.4 (M-1).
Example 3-106
##STR00286##
[1350]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-(3-Morpholin-4-yl-propoxy)-1,3-dihydro-isoindo-
le-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00345075) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that
5-(3-Morpholin-4-yl-propoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole (prepared
according to the procedures described in J. Med. Chem. 2002, Vol.
45, No. 26, 5771, preparation method D, and in Bioorg. Med. Chem.
Lett. 11 (2001) 685-688) was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 855.6 (M-1).
Example 3-107
##STR00287##
[1352]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-
e-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00345090) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that
5-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole (prepared
according to the procedures described in J. Med. Chem. 2002, Vol.
45, No. 26, 5771, preparation method D, and in Bioorg. Med. Chem.
Lett. 11 (2001) 685-688) was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 841.5 (M-1).
Example 3-108
##STR00288##
[1354]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-(2-Isopropylamino-ethoxy)-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-
e-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00345094) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that
[2-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yloxy)-ethyl]-isopropyl-amine
(prepared according to the procedures described in J. Med. Chem.
2002, Vol. 45, No. 26, 5771, preparation method D, and in Bioorg.
Med. Chem. Lett. 11 (2001) 685-688) was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 813.5 (M-1).
Example 3-109
##STR00289##
[1356]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-(2-Dimethylamino-ethoxy)-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-
-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00345095) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that
[2-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yloxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-amine
(prepared according to the procedures described in J. Med. Chem.
2002, Vol. 45, No. 26, 5771, preparation method D, and in Bioorg.
Med. Chem. Lett. 11 (2001) 685-688) was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 799.5 (M-1).
Example 3-110
##STR00290##
[1358]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-(2-Imidazol-1-yl-ethoxy)-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-
-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00345096) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that
5-(2-Imidazol-1-yl-ethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole (prepared
according to the procedures described in J. Med. Chem. 2002, Vol.
45, No. 26, 5771, preparation method D, and in Bioorg. Med. Chem.
Lett. 11 (2001) 685-688) was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 822.5 (M-1).
Example 3-111
##STR00291##
[1360]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-(2-Pyrazol-1-yl-ethoxy)-1,3-dihydro-isoindole--
2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00364924) was synthesized according to the procedures
described in Example 3-6, except that
5-(2-Pyrazol-1-yl-ethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole (prepared
according to the procedures described in J. Med. Chem. 2002, Vol.
45, No. 26, 5771, preparation method D, and in Bioorg. Med. Chem.
Lett. 11 (2001) 685-688) was used to replace
2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. MS (APCI-): m/z 742.1
[(M-100)+18].
Example 3-112
##STR00292##
[1362]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-
e-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00340495) was synthesized by a similar fashion as that
described in Example 3-57, substituting
2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-ylamine in Step 5 with
5-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole (prepared by a
similar fashion as described in: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 1144-1157)
instead. .sup.1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sup.6): 7.72-7.40 (m, 1H),
7.22-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.95-6.70 (m, 2H), 5.55-5.45 (m, 1H), 5.35-5.22
(m, 2H), 4.62-4.50 (m, 4H), 4.40 (m, 1H), 4.30-4.08 (m, 2H),
4.0-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.10 (m, 3H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.42 (m, 3H),
2.33-2.20 (m, 6H), 1.85-1.50 (m, 5H), 1.42-1.0 (m, 14H), 0.82-0.55
(m, 4H). MS (APCI+): 712.3 (MH.sup.+-Boc).
Example 3-113
##STR00293##
[1364] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2,5-dicarboxylic
acid
2-(14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl) ester
(Compound AR00365084) was synthesized according to similar
procedures described in Example 3-91, except that the product
AR00365083 from that example was further hydrolyzed with LiOH in a
mixture of THF-MeOH--H.sub.2O to give AR00365084. MS: 658
(M-Boc).
Example 3-114
##STR00294##
[1366]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-(2-Methyl-thiazol-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-isoindole--
2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00364989) was synthesized by a similar fashion as that
described in Example 3-57, substituting
2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-ylamine in Step 5 with
5-(2-Methyl-thiazol-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole instead. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3COCD.sub.3) .delta. 10.69 (bs, 1H) 8.32 (bs,
1H), 7.94 (d, 1H) 7.88 (d, 1H) 7.70 (d, 1H) 7.34 (dd, 1H) 6.08-6.16
(m, 1H), 5.69 (q, 1H) 5.45 (bs, 1H) 5.00 (t, 1H) 4.58-4.81 (m, 5H),
4.44-4.53 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.21 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.91 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.97
(m, 1H), 2.57-2.71 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.54 (m, 3H), 1.81-1.96 (m, 2H),
1.75 (dd, 1H) 1.17-1.63 (m, 20H), 1.06-1.17 (m, 1H), 0.94-1.06 (m,
2H). MS m/z 711.2 (M+1-100).
Example 3-114a
##STR00295##
[1368] The synthesis of
5-(2-Methyl-thiazol-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole was prepared
following the experimental of steps A through F in Example 3-115a,
utilizing thioacetamide in step E instead.
Example 3-115
##STR00296##
[1370]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-(2-Isopropylamino-thiazol-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-is-
oindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-diox-
o-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
(Compound AR00365019) was synthesized by a similar fashion as that
described in Example 3-57, substituting
2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-ylamine in Step 5 with
[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl)-thiazol-2-yl]-isopropyl-amine
instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3COCD.sub.3) .delta. 10.69
(bs, 1H), 8.27-8.36 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.50 (m, 2H) 7.01-7.20 (m, 1H),
6.08-6.15 (m, 1H), 5.70 (q, 1H) 4.45 (bs, 1H) 4.94-5.05 (m, 1H),
4.68-4.76 (m, 4H), 4.59-4.64 (m, 1H) 4.45-4.53 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.20
(m, 1H), 3.81-3.90 (m, 1H) 3.65-3.76 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.98 (m, 1H),
2.63 (bs, 1H), 2.32-2.54 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.79 (m,
1H) 1.05-1.65 (m, 19H) 0.95-1.05 (m, 2H). MS m/z 754.2
(M+1-100).
Example 3-115a
##STR00297##
[1372] The synthesis of
[4-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl)-thiazol-2-yl]-isopropyl-amine is
depicted in the following scheme:
##STR00298##
[1373] A. To a solution of 4 ml THF and 1 ml ethyl vinyl ether at
-78.degree. C., was added t-BuLi (0.79 ml, 1.34 mmol) dropwise. The
solution was warmed to r.t. and stirred for 30 minutes. A 0.5 M
solution of ZnCl.sub.2 in THF (3.02 ml, 1.51 mmol) was added
dropwise and the reaction was stirred at r.t. for 30 minutes. This
mixture was used without further purification.
[1374] B. To solution of the aryl bromide (0.200 g, 0.67 mmol) and
Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4 (39 mg, 0.33 mmol) dissolved in THF under
N.sub.2 was cannulated the crude vinyl zinc species from step A.
The reaction was heated at 50.degree. C. for 36 hours, and the then
filtered through a plug of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 with aid of EtOAc and
concentrated to give an oil which was used without further
purification.
[1375] C. The crude oil from step B was dissolved in THF (2 ml) and
1.0N HCl (2 ml) and stirred for one hour. The reaction was taken up
in EtOAc and separated, and the organic layer was washed with
saturated NaHCO.sub.3 and brine, and dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4
and concentrated to an orange oil. This oil was chromatographed
with 5:1 hex:EtOAc to give a white solid (95 mg, 54%).
[1376] D. To a solution of 1.0 M LiHMDS (4.0 ml, 4.0 mmol) under
N.sub.2 at -78.degree. C., was added TMSCl (3.38 ml, 26.6 mmol)
dropwise. To this solution was added the ketone from step C in 3 ml
THF. The reaction was stirred at -78.degree. C. for 30 minutes and
warmed to 0.degree. C. The PTTB (1.10 g, 2.93 mmol) was added and
the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes at 0.degree. C.,
concentrated to a solid, and taken up in EtOAc and water. The
organic was washed with water and brine, and dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated, and the oil was purified with
5:1 Hex:EtOAc to give a yellow solid (0.64 g, 71%).
[1377] E. A slurry of the bromoketone (75 mg, 0.22 mmol),
Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (37 mg, 0.44 mmol) and 1-isopropyl thiourea (26
mg, 22 mmol) in EtOH was heat at reflux for 30 minutes. The
reaction was taken up in EtOAc and separated, and the organic layer
was washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 and brine, and dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated a yellow oil. The oil was
purified with 3:1 Hex:MTBE to give a clear oil (77 mg, 97%).
[1378] F. The Boc-amine from step E stirred in 4N HCl/dioxane (2.0
ml) for one hour and concentrated to a white solid. This solid was
taken up in 0.1N HCl and washed with DCM. The aqueous layer was
basified with 1.0N NaOH and extracted with DCM, dried, and
concentrated and used without further purification.
Preparation of Macrocyclic Aminoproline Intermediate:
Example 4-1
Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-amino-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-d-
iaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid
ethyl ester
##STR00299##
[1380] A. To a solution of
(2S,4R)-4-amino-1-[benzyloxycarbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-methylcarboxlate
hydrochloride (2.00 g, 2.34 mmol) in methylene chloride (25 ml) was
added 2-(trimethyl silyl)ethyl p-nitrophenyl carbonate (1.98 g,
6.99 mmol) and triethylamine (1.81 ml, 13.34 mmol). The reaction
was stirred for 3 days, placed onto silica gel and the product
eluted with 40% EtOAc/hexanes to give a colorless oil. The oil was
dissolved in methanol (20 ml) and stirred with 10% palladium on
carbon under a balloon of hydrogen gas. After stirring for 4 h, the
reaction was filtered and concentrated. The resulting solid was
dissolved in 1N aqueous HCl (75 ml) and extracted with methylene
chloride (75 ml). The aqueous layer was made basic by the addition
of sodium hydroxide and again extracted with methylene chloride
(100 ml). Both organic extractions were combined, concentrated, and
the resulting residue purified by silica gel chromatography eluting
with 10% methanol/methylene chloride to give a brownish solid (1.29
g, 70%). LCMS=289 (H+).
[1381] B A solution of 4(R)-(2-trimethylsilylethyl
carbonylamino)-pyrrolidine-2(S)-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1.29
g, 4.50 mmol), 2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoic acid (1.22
g, 4.51 mmol), HATU (2.06 g, 5.41 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine
(1.18 ml, 6.76 mmol) in dimethylformamide (10 ml) was stirred
overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 ml),
washed with 1N aqueous HCl (2.times.100 ml), dried over magnesium
sulfate and concentrated. Silica gel chromatography gave an oil
which was stirred with lithium hydroxide (0.28 g, 6.76 mmol) in
methanol (5 ml) for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with methylene
chloride and washed with 1N aqueous HCl, dried over magnesium
sulfate and concentrated to give 1.2 g (49%) of the product.
[1382] C To
1(R)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2(S)-vinyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic
acid ethyl ester (0.70 g, 2.75 mmol) was added 4N HCl/dioane
solution (2.87 ml, 11.46 mmol). After stirring for 2 h, the
reaction was concentrated to give a solid. To this solid was added
1-(2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoyl)-4(R)-(2-trimethylsilylethyl
carbonylamino)-pyrrolidine-2(S)-carboxylic acid (1.21 g, 2.29
mmol), HATU (1.05 g, 2.75 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.60 ml,
9.17 mmol) and methylene chloride (10 ml) and the reaction was
stirred for 18 h at room temperature. The reaction was placed onto
silica gel and eluted with a solution of 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes
to give the product as a colorless oil (1.27 g, 83%). 665 (H+).
[1383] D A solution of
1-{[1-(2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoyl)-4(R)-(2-trimethylsilyle-
thyl
carbonylamino)-pyrrolidine-2(S)-carbonyl]-amino}-2(S)-vinyl-cycloprop-
ane-1-(R)-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.27 g, 1.91 mmol) in
methylene chloride (195 ml) was degassed for 1 h by bubbling
N.sub.2 throught the solution.
Dichloro(o-isopropoxyphenyl-methylene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)r-
uthenium (II) (0.057 g, 0.096 mmol) was added and the reaction
stirred at 40.degree. C. for 16 h. The reaction was concentrated,
placed onto silica gel and eluted with 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes.
The resulting oil was treated with TBAF (1.0 M in THF, 2.87 ml) and
heated to 50.degree. C. for 4 h. The reaction was placed onto
silica gel and eluted with 20% methanol/methylene chloride to give
a tan solid (0.65 g, 69%). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz):
.delta. 1.06-1.66 (m, 17H), 1.85-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.0-2.1 (m, 1H),
2.1-2.2 (m, 1H), 2.2-2.3 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.75 (M, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H),
3.73-3.83 (m, 2H), 4.08-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.56 (m, 1H), 4.78 (d, J=5.5
Hz, 1H), 5.20 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.34 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (dt,
J=4.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H). 493 (H+).
Preparation of Compounds with General Structure V
##STR00300##
Example 5-1
##STR00301##
[1384] Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-18-[(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoqui-
noline-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]-
nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic Acid (Compound AR00287262)
##STR00302##
[1386] A solution of 3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyl
chloride (0.030 g, 0.152 mmol),
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-amino-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-d-
iaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid
ethyl ester (0.025 g, 0.050 mmol), DIEA (0.027 ml, 0.153 mmol) and
a catalytic amount of DMAP were stirred together in methylene
chloride (0.3 ml) for 18 h. The reaction was placed onto silica gel
and the product eluted with 40% acetone/hexanes and isolated as a
white solid. The solid was dissolved in methanol and treated with
lithium hydroxide (0.011 g, 0.254 mmol) and 1 drop of water. After
stirring for 5 h, the reaction was diluted with methylene chloride
(30 ml), washed with 1N aqueous HCl (30 ml), brine (30 ml), dried
over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give the title compound
as a white solid. LCMS=624 (MH.sup.+).
[1387] The following compound was also prepared using the procedure
described in Example 5-1, substituting
1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyl chloride for
3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyl chloride. LCMS=610 (H+).
Example 5-2
##STR00303##
[1389]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-[(1,3-dihydro-iso-
indole-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]-
nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00298980) was prepared
according to the procedures described in Example 5-1, substituting
3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyl chloride with
1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carbonyl chloride. MS m/e 608.2 (M-1).
Example 5-3
##STR00304##
[1391]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-[(3,4-dihydro-2H--
quinoline-1-carbonyl)-amino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4-
,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00304160) was
prepared according to the procedures described in Example 5-1,
substituting 3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyl chloride with
3,4-Dihydro-2H-quinoline-1-carbonyl chloride. MS m/e 524.3
(M.sup.++1-100).
Preparation of Compounds with General Structure VI
##STR00305##
Example 6-1
##STR00306##
[1393]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-[(3,4-dihydro-1H--
isoquinoline-2-carbothioyl)-amino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0-
.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid (Compound AR00304010) was
prepared using the same procedure described in Step 4 of example
1-2, except that carbonyl diimidazole was substituted by
thiocarbonyl diimidazole. LCMS=640 (H+). MS m/e 640.1
(M.sup.++1).
Preparation of Compounds with General Structure VII
##STR00307##
Example 7-1
##STR00308##
[1395]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-{4-Cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-18-[(3,4-di-
hydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14-
.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-14-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
(Compound AR00287266) was prepared according to the same procedures
as described in Example 3-1, starting from the acid prepared from
the procedures described in Example 5-1. MS m/e 727.0
(M.sup.++1).
Example 7-2
##STR00309##
[1397]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-{4-Cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-18-[(1,3-di-
hydro-isoindole-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0-
.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-14-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
(Compound AR00304008) was prepared according to the same procedures
as described in Example 3-1, starting from the acid prepared from
the procedures described in Example 5-2. MS m/e 613.2
(M.sup.++1-100).
Example 7-3
##STR00310##
[1399] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
[14-(3-cyclopentyl-ureido)-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-
-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl]-amide
(Compound AR00304014) was prepared according to the same procedures
as described in Example 2-24, starting from the acylsulfonamide
prepared from the procedures described in Example 7-4. MS m/e 724.2
(M.sup.++1).
Example 7-4
##STR00311##
[1401]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-{4-Cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-18-[(3,4-di-
hydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbothioyl)-amino]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo-
[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-14-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl
ester (Compound AR00304012) was prepared according to the same
procedures as described in Example 3-1, starting from the acid
prepared from the procedures described in Example 6-1. MS m/e 743.0
(M.sup.++1).
Example 7-5
##STR00312##
[1403]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Fluoro-1-methoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquino-
line-2-carboxylic acid
14-amino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyc-
lo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester, HCl salt (Compound
AR00424775) was synthesized by taking up AR00335293 (84 mg) in 0.5
mL of 4 M HCl/Dioxane and stirred at rt for 16 h. Reaction was then
concentrated and taken up in acetonitrile for concentration again.
The hydrochloride salt was then dried overnight on a high vacuum
pump to give product as a white solid ester 80 mg. +APCI MS m/z
690.1 (M+1).
Example 7-6
##STR00313##
[1405]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-amino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyc-
lo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester, HCl salt (Compound
AR00424874) was synthesized by taking up AR00334191 (98 mg) was
taken up in 0.5 mL of 4 M HCl/Dioxane and stirred at rt for 16 h.
Reaction was then concentrated and taken up in acetonitrile for
concentration again. The hydrochloride salt was then dried
overnight on a high vacuum pump to give product as a white solid
(89 mg). +APCI MS m/z 632.1 (M+1).
Example 8
NS3-NS4A Protease Assay
[1406] NS3 Complex Formation with NS4A-2
[1407] Recombinant E. coli or Baculovirus full-length NS3 was
diluted to 3.33 .mu.M with assay buffer and the material
transferred to an eppendorf tube and place in water bath in
4.degree. C. refrigerator. The appropriate amount of NS4A-2 to 8.3
mM in assay buffer was added to equal the volume of NS3 in step
2.1.1 (conversion factor -3.8 mg/272 .mu.L assay buffer). The
material was transferred to an eppendorf tube and placed in a water
bath in a 4.degree. C. refrigerator.
[1408] After equilibration to 4.degree. C., equal volumes of NS3
and NS4A-2 solutions were combined in an eppendorf tube, mixed
gently with a manual pipettor, and the mixture incubated for 15
minutes in the 4.degree. C. water bath. Final concentrations in the
mixture were 1.67 .mu.M NS3, 4.15 mM NS4A-2 (2485-fold molar excess
NS4A-2).
[1409] After 15 minutes at 4.degree. C., the NS3/NS4A-2 eppendorf
tube was removed and placed in a room temperature water bath for 10
minutes. NS3/NS4A-2 was aliquoted at appropriate volumes and store
at -80.degree. C. (E. coli NS3 run at 2 nM in assay, aliquot at 25
.mu.L. BV NS3 run at 3 nM in assay, aliquot at 30 .mu.L).
NS3 Inhibition Assay
[1410] Step 2.2.5. Sample compounds were dissolved to 10 mM in DMSO
then diluted to 2.5 mM (1:4) in DMSO. Typically, compounds were
added to an assay plate at 2.5 mM concentration, yielding upon
dilution a starting concentration of 50 microM in the assay
inhibition curve. Compounds were serial diluted in assay buffer to
provide test solutions at lower concentrations.
[1411] Step 2.2.6. The E. coli NS3/NS4A-2 was diluted to 4 nM NS3
(1:417.5 of 1.67 .mu.M stock-18 .mu.L 1.67 .mu.M stock+7497 .mu.L
assay buffer).
[1412] The BV NS3/NS4A-2 was diluted to 6 nM NS3 (1:278.3 of 1.67
.mu.M stock-24 .mu.L 1.67 .mu.M stock+6655 .mu.L assay buffer).
[1413] Step 2.2.7. Using the manual multichannel pipettor, and
being careful not to introduce bubbles into the plate, 50 .mu.L
assay buffer was added to wells A01-H01 of a black Costar 96-well
polypropylene storage plate.
[1414] Step 2.2.8. Using the manual multichannel pipettor, and
being careful not to introduce bubbles into the plate, 50 .mu.L of
diluted NS3/NS4A-2 from step 2.2.6 was added to wells A02-H12 of
plate in step 2.2.7.
[1415] Step 2.2.9. Using the manual multichannel pipettor, and
being careful not to introduce bubbles into the plate, 25 .mu.L of
the wells in drug dilution plate in step 2.2.5 were transferred to
corresponding wells in assay plate in step 2.2.8. The tips on
multichannel pipettor were changed for each row of compounds
transferred.
[1416] Step 2.2.10. Using the manual multichannel pipettor, and
being careful not to introduce bubbles into the plate, the wells
from the assay plate in step 2.2.9 were mixed by aspirating and
dispensing 35 .mu.L of the 75 .mu.L in each well five times. The
tips on multichannel pipettor were changed for each row of wells
mixed.
[1417] Step 2.2.11. The plate was covered with a polystyrene plate
lid, and the plate from step 2.2.10 containing NS3 protease and
sample compounds was pre-incubated 10 minutes at room
temperature.
[1418] While the plate from step 2.2.11 was pre-incubating, the
RETS1 substrate was diluted in a 15 mL polypropylene centrifuge
tube. The RETS1 substrate was diluted to 8 .mu.M (1:80.75 of 646
.mu.M stock-65 .mu.L 646 .mu.M stock+5184 .mu.L assay buffer).
[1419] After the plate in step 2.2.11 was done pre-incubating, and
using the manual multichannel, 25 .mu.L of substrate was added to
all wells on the plate. The contents of the wells were quickly
mixed, as in step 2.2.10, but mixing 65 .mu.L of the 100 .mu.L in
the wells.
[1420] The plate was read in kinetic mode on the Molecular Devices
SpectraMax Gemini XS plate reader. Reader settings: Read time: 30
minutes, Interval: 36 seconds, Reads: 51, Excitation .lamda.: 335
nm, Emission .lamda.: 495 nm, cutoff: 475 nm, Automix: off,
Calibrate: once, PMT: high, Reads/well: 6, Vmax pts: 21 or 28/51
depending on length of linearity of reaction.
[1421] IC.sub.50s were determined using a four parameter curve fit
equation, and converted to Ki's using the following Km's:
[1422] Full-length E. coli NS3--2.03 .mu.M
[1423] Full-length BV NS3--1.74 .mu.M
where Ki=IC.sub.50/(1+[S]/Km))
Quantitation by ELISA of the Selectable Marker Protein, Neomycin
Phosphotransferase II (NPTII) in the HCV Sub-Genomic Replicon,
GS4.3
[1424] The HCV sub-genomic replicon (I377/NS3-3', accession No.
AJ242652), stably maintained in HuH-7 hepatoma cells, was created
by Lohmann et al. Science 285: 110-113 (1999). The
replicon-containing cell culture, designated GS4.3, was obtained
from Dr. Christoph Seeger of the Institute for Cancer Research, Fox
Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pa.
[1425] GS4.3 cells were maintained at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2,
in DMEM (Gibco 11965-092) supplemented with L-glutamine 200 mM
(100.times.) (Gibco 25030-081), non-essential amino acids (NEAA)
(Biowhittaker 13-114E), heat-inactivated (HI) Fetal Bovine Serum
(FBS) (Hyclone SH3007.03) and 750 .mu.g/ml geneticin (G418) (Gibco
10131-035). Cells were sub-divided 1:3 or 4 every 2-3 days.
[1426] 24 hours prior to the assay, GS4.3 cells were collected,
counted, and plated in 96-well plates (Costar 3585) at 7500
cells/well in 100 .mu.l standard maintenance medium (above) and
incubated in the conditions above. To initiate the assay, culture
medium was removed, cells were washed once with PBS (Gibco
10010-023) and 90 .mu.l Assay Medium (DMEM, L-glutamine, NEAA, 10%
HI FBS, no G418) was added. Inhibitors were made as a 10.times.
stock in Assay Medium, (3-fold dilutions from 10 .mu.M to 56 pM
final concentration, final DMSO concentration 1%), 10 .mu.l were
added to duplicate wells, plates were rocked to mix, and incubated
as above for 72 h.
[1427] An NPTII ELISA kit was obtained from AGDIA, Inc. (Compound
direct ELISA test system for Neomycin Phosphotransferase II, PSP
73000/4800). Manufacturer's instructions were followed, with some
modifications. 10.times.PEB-1 lysis buffer was made up to include
500 .mu.M PMSF (Sigma P7626, 50 mM stock in isopropanol). After 72
h incubation, cells were washed once with PBS and 150 .mu.l PEB-1
with PMSF was added per well. Plates were agitated vigorously for
15 minutes, room temperature, then frozen at -70.degree. C. Plates
were thawed, lysates were mixed thoroughly, and 100 .mu.l were
applied to an NPTII Elisa plate. A standard curve was made. Lysate
from DMSO-treated control cells was pooled, serially diluted with
PEB-1 with PMSF, and applied to duplicate wells of the ELISA plate,
in a range of initial lysate amount of 150 .mu.l-2.5 .mu.l. In
addition, 100 .mu.l buffer alone was applied in duplicate as a
blank. Plates were sealed and gently agitated at room temperature
for 2 h. Following capture incubation, the plates were washed
5.times.300 .mu.l with PBS-T (0.5% Tween-20, PBS-T was supplied in
the ELISA kit). For detection, a 1.times. dilution of enzyme
conjugate diluent MRS-2 (5.times.) was made in PBS-T, into which
1:100 dilutions of enzyme conjugates A and B were added, as per
instructions. Plates were resealed, and incubated with agitation,
covered, room temperature, for 2 h. The washing was then repeated
and 100 .mu.l of room temperature TMB substrate was added. After
approximately 30 minutes incubation (room temperature, agitation,
covered), the reaction was stopped with 50 .mu.l 3M sulfuric acid.
Plates were read at 450 nm on a Molecular Devices Versamax plate
reader.
[1428] Inhibitor effect was expressed as a percentage of
DMSO-treated control signal, and inhibition curves were calculated
using a 4-parameter equation: y=A+((B-A)/(1+((C/x) D))), where C is
half-maximal activity or EC.sub.50.
Examples of Activity:
[1429] Wherein:
[1430] A indicates an IC50 or EC50, as indicated, of less than 50
.mu.M
[1431] B indicates an IC50 or EC50, as indicated, of less than 10
.mu.M
[1432] C indicates an IC50 or EC50, as indicated, of less than 1
.mu.M
[1433] and D indicates an IC50 or EC50, as indicated, of less the
0.1 .mu.M
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 NS3-NS4A Replicon Compound IC.sub.50
EC.sub.50 AR00220042 C B AR00220122 A N/A AR00226824 B N/A
AR00226825 B N/A AR00247310 C N/A AR00248687 C N/A AR00248688 B N/A
AR00248689 C N/A AR00254906 D C AR00261407 D C AR00261408 D D
AR00261409 D B AR00282131 D D AR00287262 B N/A AR00287266 D C
AR00291871 D C AR00291875 C B AR00294376 AR00294377 C B AR00294378
c B AR00294381 D D AR00294382 C N/A AR00294383 B N/A AR00294384 C B
AR00294980 B N/A AR00298989 B N/A AR00298990 B N/A AR00298996 D D
AR00298997 D D AR00301338 D B AR00304183 A N/A AR00311814 D B
AR00311815 D C AR00312023 C N/A AR00312024 D D AR00312025 D D
AR00312026 D D AR00314578 C N/A AR00314635 D D AR00314654 D D
AR00314656 D D AR00314685 A N/A AR00314719 D D AR00315997 C B
AR00315998 C B AR00315999 C B AR00320001 D D AR00320002 C B
AR00320073 D D AR00320074 D B AR00320075 C B AR00320076 C B
AR00320077 C B AR00320078 D B AR00320079 D D AR00320080 D C
AR00320081 D D AR00320082 D D AR00320119 D D AR00320120 D D
AR00320121 D D AR00320122 C B AR00324375 C C AR00334286 D D
AR00334385 D D AR00365387 D D AR00365425 D N/A AR00365572 D D
AR00333802 D D AR00334188 D C AR00334248 D C AR00334250 D D
AR00364266 D C AR00334339 D D AR00365438 D D AR00365349 C C
AR00340303 D C AR00340156 D C AR00340188 D C AR00334399 D D
AR00338070 D D AR00341649 D D AR00333224 B N/A AR00333248 B N/A
AR00333277 B N/A AR00365083 D D AR00340494 D D AR00365252 D C
AR00334220 D C AR00334225 D C AR00340173 D B AR00333462 D D
AR00333463 D D AR00345032 D D AR00345090 D D AR00345095 D D
AR00364924 D D AR00371947 C N/A AR00340495 D D AR00364989 D D
AR00424775 D N/A AR00301383 B N/A AR00301745 C B AR00301746 D D
AR00301747 D D AR00301749 C B AR00301751 D D AR00304000 C B
AR00304008 D D AR00304010 C B AR00304012 D C AR00304014 D D
AR00304062 B N/A AR00304063 C B AR00304065 C B AR00304066 C B
AR00304067 C B AR00304072 C B AR00304073 C B AR00304074 C B
AR00304075 C B AR00304076 D C AR00304077 D B AR00304078 D C
AR00304079 D C AR00304080 D D AR00304081 D C AR00304082 D D
AR00304103 B B AR00304125 C B AR00304126 C B AR00304127 C B
AR00304154 B N/A AR00304158 A N/A AR00304160 A N/A AR00304161 D D
AR00304162 D D AR00304163 D D AR00320123 C B AR00320220 D D
AR00320221 C N/A AR00320222 D B AR00320403 D C AR00320445 B N/A
AR00320446 D D AR00320447 D C AR00320448 C B AR00320449 D B
AR00320450 C B AR00320506 D D AR00320547 D D AR00320548 D D
AR00320549 D D AR00320556 D D AR00320557 D D AR00320574 D D
AR00320575 D C AR00320576 B N/A AR00320577 C B AR00320578 D D
AR00320579 D D AR00320580 D D AR00320581 D D AR00320582 D D
AR00320774 D C AR00333833 D D AR00334191 D D AR00340479 D D
AR00365388 D N/A AR00365426 D B AR00333801 D D AR00333803 D C
AR00334247 D C AR00334249 D C AR00334341 D D AR00365427 D D
AR00365193 D D AR00333842 C B AR00365381 C C AR00340122 D C
AR00340178 D D AR00334314 D D AR00338066 D D AR00338071 D D
AR00364936 D C AR00333225 B N/A AR00333276 B N/A AR00365369 D C
AR00333831 D D AR00365082 D C AR00334218 D D AR00334222 D D
AR00334226 D D AR00340526 D D AR00345075 D C AR00345094 D D
AR00345096 D D AR00371946 D N/A AR00371948 D N/A AR00365084 D B
AR00365019 D D AR00424874 D N/A
Specificity Assays
[1434] When the compounds were evaluated in specificity assays, the
compounds of Formula I were found to be selective in that they do
not show significant inhibition in Cathepsin B, Chymotrypsin,
Thrombin, or Leukocyte Elastase.
Example 9
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Compounds
Methods
[1435] Compounds were initially synthesized and tested for potency
(IC.sub.50) in a fluorogenic NS3/4 protease assay and cell-based
HCV replicon system as described in Example 8 above. Plasma
pharmacokinetic analysis in Rattus sp. following IV administration
was then used in conjunction with in vitro human liver microsome
(HLM) and hepatocyte stability studies to direct the design of
metabolically stable compounds from compounds with <20 nM
potency. These leads were then further optimized for drug-like
physical properties and administered in oral doses in Rattus sp. to
assess liver, heart and plasma concentrations.
[1436] Compounds were tested for liver clearance over time
following a single 3 mg/kg oral dose in rats. For any compound
found to exhibit a concentration in liver at 8 hours
post-administration that is at least 100-fold more than the
concentration of the compound effective to inhibit 50% of maximum
inhibition in the replicon assay (replicon EC.sub.50), additional
toxicological assessments were performed in rats using dosages of
up to 30 mg/kg orally BID for seven days.
Results
[1437] Compounds AR00294381, AR00261408, AR00333833 and AR00334191
yielded replicon EC.sub.50 values of approximately 2 nM and
exhibited stability in vitro in rat, dog and human hepatocyte
incubation assays, which data would predict low to moderate rates
of clearance from liver. In addition, these compounds displayed a
high degree of selectivity against a panel of other serine
proteases, and no significant inhibition of Cytochrome P450
isoforms or hERG channel activity at even the highest
concentrations tested (10 .mu.M).
[1438] For compounds AR00294381, AR00261408, AR00333833 and
AR00334191, a single 30 mg/kg oral dose in Rattus sp. yielded
concentrations in liver at 24 hours post dose that were at least
200-fold more than their respective replicon EC.sub.50 values.
[1439] Compound AR00334191 yielded heart and plasma levels up to
two orders of magnitude lower than, and correlated kinetically
with, liver concentrations in the same animals. At a clinically
more reasonable oral dose (3 mg/kg), compound AR00334191 yielded a
concentration in liver at 8 hours post dose that was over 100-fold
more than the replicon EC.sub.50 value of the compound. After
exposure to compound AR00334191 at a dosage of 30 mg/kg orally BID
for 7 days, no mortality, change in weight, or abnormalities in
clinical chemistries were observed in treated animals.
Conclusion
[1440] Potent, metabolically stable, orally available small
molecule inhibitors of the HCV NS3 protease have been developed. At
modest oral dosing concentrations (3 mg/kg) these compounds display
high liver levels (100-fold greater than their respective replicon
EC50 values) at 8 hours post dose. Exposure to plasma and heart is
up to two orders of magnitude below that observed in liver, and
such low concentrations minimizes any potential systemic
toxicological issues.
[1441] Compound AR00334191 did not display toxicity in Rattus sp.
when dosed for seven days at 30 mg/kg BID, providing at least a
10-fold safety margin above the presumptive efficacious dose (3
mg/kg) that yields liver concentrations 100-fold in excess of the
replicon EC.sub.50 value of the compound.
Preparation of Section C Viral Inhibitors
[1442] The meanings of the terms and structural names used within
this section are the same as those in Section C above. Any
references within this section to a particular number or label
should be understood in the context of the corresponding numbering
or labeling scheme used within this section or Section C above,
rather than in the context of a possibly similar or identical
numbering or labeling scheme used elsewhere herein, unless
otherwise indicated.
[1443] The compounds of formula XI-XVII may be synthesized
according to the methods described below.
Methodology
[1444] NS3 inhibitors as shown in Examples 1-35 were prepared
according to the chemistry illustrated in Scheme 1. Intermediates
1(R)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2(S)-vinyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic
acid ethyl ester, 2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoic acid
and the hydroxy macrocyclic intermediate (Step C) were prepared in
similar fashion as described in International Application
PCT/CA00/00353 (Publication No. WO 00/59929).
2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoic acid was also purchased
from RSP Amino Acids.
Example 1
Synthesis of Compound 101
##STR00314## ##STR00315##
[1445] Step A: Synthesis of
2S-(1-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-vinyl-cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-4R-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-
-1-carboxylic Acid Tert-Butyl Ester
[1446] To a flask charged with
ethyl-(1R,2S)/(1S,2R)-1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropyl carboxylate (1.0
g, 5.2 mmol), trans-N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxy-L-proline
(1.3 g, 1.1 equiv), and HATU (2.7 g, 1.1 equiv) were added 30 mL
DMF to make a solution. It was cooled to 0.degree. C. in an
ice-water bath, followed by slow addition of a solution of DIEA
(4.4 mL, 4 equiv) in DMF (15 mL) while stirring. The reaction was
allowed to warm up to rt and stirred overnight.
[1447] After 16 h, the reaction was complete as monitored by HPLC.
It was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with water (3.times.40
mL), sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.40 mL), and brine (2.times.40 mL),
then dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated down to give a
dark copper colored oil. The crude was purified on silica gel
(eluent: acetone/hexanes 3:7), giving pure desired product as tan
foamy powder (770 mg, 32%).
Step B: Synthesis of
1R-{[1-(2S-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoyl)-4R-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2-
S-carbonyl]-amino}-2S-vinyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Ethyl
Ester
[1448] The dipeptide product from Step A (2.85 g, 7.7 mmol) was
dissolved in 10 mL 4N HCl (dioxane) and left at rt for 90 min to
remove the Boc protective group. It was then concentrated down,
taken up in acetonitrile and concentrated down again twice. To this
light brownish residue was added
2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoic acid (2.2 g, 8.1 mmol)
and HATU (3.2 g, 8.5 mmol), followed by 80 mL DMF under nitrogen.
The reaction was cooled on ice-water bath for 15 min, after which a
5 mL DMF solution of DIEA (5.4 mL, 30.9 mmol) was added to the
reaction drop-wise while stirring. The ice bath was left to slowly
rise to rt and the reaction stirred for overnight.
[1449] After 18 h, TLC showed reaction complete. The reaction was
diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with water (3.times.150 mL),
sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.150 mL), brine (150 mL), dried
(Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and solvent removed. The crude was purified by
silica gel flash chromatography on Biotage 40M (eluent=3% to 5%
MeOH in DCM) to give desired product as a brownish foamy solid (3.5
g, 87%).
Step C: Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-hydroxy-2,15-dioxo-3,16-
-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic Acid
Ethyl Ester
[1450] The product from Step B (2.6 g, 5.0 mmol) was dissolved in
500 mL DriSolve DCE in a 1 L round-bottomed flask to make a
solution. It was degassed by bubbling nitrogen through for 1 h.
Then the Hoveyda catalyst (0.25 equiv) was added at rt under
nitrogen. The reaction was put on a pre-heated oil bath (50.degree.
C.) and stirred for overnight. After 16 h, the reaction had turned
dark brownish. TLC (DCM/EtOAc 1:1) showed clean conversion to a new
spot with slightly lower R.sub.f. The reaction was concentrated
down and purified on silica gel (Biotage 40 M, eluent=DCM/EtOAc
gradient from 1:1 to 1:2), giving the desired product as a tan
foamy powder (0.64 g, 52%). .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz)
.delta. 1.21 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 6H),
1.53-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.98-2.28 (m, 4H), 2.60 (m,
1H), 3.13 (brs, 1H), 3.68 (m, 1H), 3.94 (m, 1H), 4.01-4.19 (m, 2H),
4.48 (m, 1H), 4.56 (brs, 1H), 4.79 (m, 1H), 5.26 (t, J=9.4 Hz, 1H),
5.36 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (m, 1H), 7.19 (brs, 1H). MS m/z 494.0
(M.sup.++1).
Step D: Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(1,3-dihydro-isoindole--
2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-e-
ne-4-carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester
[1451] The macrocyclic product from Step C (110 mg, 0.22 mmol) was
dissolved in DCM (2.2 mL), followed by addition of CDI (45 mg, 0.27
mmol) in one portion. The reaction was stirred at rt overnight.
After 15 h, the reaction was complete as monitored by TLC (DCM/MeOH
9:1). Isoindoline (0.12 mL, 1.1 mmol) was added to the reaction
drop-wise, and the reaction was stirred at 40.degree. C. for
overnight. After 22 h, TLC showed reaction complete. The reaction
was cooled to rt, diluted with DCM (6 mL) and washed with 1N aq.
HCl (2.times.2 mL), sat. sodium bicarbonate (2 mL), brine (2 mL),
dried (Na.sub.2SO.sub.4), and concentrated down. The crude was
purified on silica gel (Biotage 40S, eluent: 2 to 4% MeOH in DCM),
giving the desired product as a white powder (131 mg, 90%).
Step E: Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-14-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-18-(1,3-dihydro-isoindole--
2-carbonyloxy)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-e-
ne-4-carboxylic Acid
[1452] The macrocyclic ester product from Step D (60 mg, 0.092
mmol) was dissolved in 0.9 mL of a mixed solvent (THF/MeOH/H.sub.2O
2:1:1), followed by addition of LiOH--H.sub.2O (23 mg, 6 equiv).
The mixture was stirred at rt for overnight. After 18 h, TLC
(DCM/MeOH 9:1) showed a clean new spot with a lower Rf. The
reaction was concentrated down to almost dryness and partitioned
between 1N aq. HCl (15 mL) and DCM (20 mL). The aqueous layer was
extracted with DCM (2.times.10 mL). The organic layers were
combined, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated down, giving
the desired product as a white foamy powder (50 mg, 87%). .sup.1H
NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) 1.21-1.44 (m, 8H), 1.32 (s, 9H),
1.54-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.88 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.13 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.23
(m, 1H), 2.24-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.74 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.90 (m, 1H),
4.15 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.37-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.61-4.77 (m, 5H), 5.18
(t, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 5.24-5.31 (m, 1H), 5.40-5.45 (m, 1H), 5.58-5.66
(m, 1H), 7.11-7.30 (m, 4H). MS m/z 611.0 (M.sup.++1).
Step F: Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic Acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(N,N-dimethylsulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2-
,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
Ester (Compound 101)
[1453] The macrocyclic acid product from Step E (40 mg, 0.066 mmol)
was dissolved in 0.7 mL DCE, followed by addition of CDI (13 mg,
0.079 mmol) in one portion. The mixture was stirred in a 50.degree.
C. oil bath for 2 h. TLC (10% methanol in dichloromethane) showed
acid starting material gone and a new spot with much higher Rf
appeared. Then N,N-dimethylsulfamide (12 mg, 0.098 mmol; purchased
from TCI) was added to the reaction, followed by DBU (15 mg, 0.098
mmol). Heating was resumed at 50.degree. C. for 2 h, both TLC and
LCMS showed reaction complete and product formed. The reaction was
concentrated down and directly loaded onto a Biotage 40 S silica
gel column. It was purified by flash chromatography (eluent=40%
ethyl acetate in hexanes with 1% formic acid), giving the desired
product as a white solid (30 mg, 64%). MS m/z 715.5 (APCI-,
M-1).
[1454] The following compounds in Examples 2-35 were prepared
according to procedures similar to that described in Example 1
above, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with other appropriate
sulfamides in Step F, and/or substituting isoindoline with other
amines instead. The sulfamides used were either purchased from
commercial sources or prepared through routes A or B described in
Scheme 2 below. Similar methods to that of Route A have been
described in literature (e.g. Heteroatom Chemistry, 2001, 12 (1),
1-5). The sulfamoylating reagent a in Route B was prepared
according to a literature procedure (Winum, J-Y et al, Organic
Letters, 2001, 3, 2241-2243).
##STR00316##
Synthesis of N-Cyclopropylsulfamide
##STR00317##
[1456] To a stirred solution of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (1 mL,
11.5 mmol) in 20 mL DriSolve DCM was added anhydrous t-butanol (1.1
mL, 1 equiv) at 0.degree. C. After stirring for 90 min, the
resulting carbamatesulfamoyl chloride solution and 5 mL TEA in 20
mL DCM were added dropwise to a solution of cyclopropyl amine (0.66
g, 1 equiv) in 25 mL DCM and 3 mL TEA. The reaction temperature was
kept under 5.degree. C. during addition. The ice bath was removed
after addition and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 3
h.
[1457] TLC (Hex/EA 1:1) showed one major spot with higher R.sub.f.
LCMS showed that product had formed. The reaction mixture was then
diluted with 100 mL DCM and washed with 0.1 N HCl (2.times.200 mL)
and brine (150 mL). The organic layer was dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated, giving the Boc-protected
sulfamide as a light yellowish solid, 1.2 g. .sup.1H-NMR showed it
to be the desired product plus small amount of impurities. The
crude product was recrystallized from EA/Hex (rt to 0.degree. C.),
giving 0.64 g offwhite crystalline pure product. .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) 0.71-0.77 (m, 4H), 1.51 (s, 9H), 2.44 (m,
1H), 5.58 (br s, 1H), 7.42 (br s, 1H). MS m/z 234.7 (APCI-,
M-1).
[1458] To remove the Boc protective group, the product from above
was dissolved in 10 mL 1:1 (v/v) mix of DCM:TFA and let stay at rt
for 1 h. It was then concentrated down on rotovap and then on high
vacuum. The thick oil solidified on high vac, giving the titled
product as an offwhite solid. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz)
0.66-0.74 (m, 4H), 2.57-2.58 (m, 1H), 5.29 (br s, 2H), 5.42 (br s,
1H).
Synthesis of Pyrrolidinolsulfamide
##STR00318##
[1460] The titled compound was prepared according to the same
procedures described for the synthesis of N-cyclopropylsulfamide
above, substituting cyclopropyl amine with pyrrolidine. For the
Boc-protected titled product: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz)
1.49 (s, 9H), 1.92-1.95 (m, 4H), 3.48-3.52 (m, 4H), 7.02 (br s,
1H). MS m/z 249 (APCI-, M-1).
Synthesis of Morpholinolsulfamide
##STR00319##
[1462] The titled compound was prepared according to the same
procedures described for the synthesis of N-cyclopropylsulfamide
above, substituting cyclopropyl amine with morpholine. For the
Boc-protected titled product: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz)
1.50 (s, 9H), 3.39 (t, 4H), 3.76 (t, 4H), 7.18 (br s, 1H). MS m/z
265 (APCI-, M-1).
Synthesis of Thiazol-2-ylaminosulfamide
##STR00320##
[1464] The titled compound was prepared according to the same
procedures described for the synthesis of N-cyclopropylsulfamide
above, substituting cyclopropyl amine with 2-amino thiozol.
However, the Boc-protected intermediate was never isolated due to
loss of the protection group during reaction work-up and the
following recrystallization steps. The titled product was isolated
after silica gel column chromatography (Biotage 40 M, eluent=5-10%
MeOH in DCM). .sup.1H NMR (d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz) 6.52 (br s, 2H),
6.75 (d, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 12.1 (br s, 1H). MS m/z 180 (ESI+,
MH.sup.+).
Synthesis of 4-Methyl-Piperizinosulfamide
##STR00321##
[1466] The titled compound was prepared according to Route B in
Scheme 2. 4-Methyl-piperizine (0.15 g, 1.50 mmol) was dissolved in
3 mL DriSolve DCM in a 10 mL RBF, followed by addition of the
sulfamoylating reagent a (0.45 g, 1.50 mmol). After ca. 5 min
stirring the latter reagent gradually dissolved to give a clear and
almost colorless solution. It was stirred at rt for overnight.
After 17 h, TLC showed reaction complete (DCM:MeOH 9:1 with 1%
TEA). The reaction was concentrated down and the resulting pinkish
crude solid was flashed on Biotage 40 S silica gel column
(eluent=DCM:MeOH 10:1 with 1% TEA), giving the Boc-protected titled
product as a white powder in basically quantitative yield. .sup.1H
NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) 1.48 (s, 9H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.52 (t, 4H),
3.43 (t, 4H). MS m/z 278 (APCI-, M-1).
[1467] The Boc protective group was then removed by the same
fashion as described in the synthesis of N-cyclopropylsulfamide,
and the resulting titled product was used directly for the next
coupling steps without further purification.
Example 2
##STR00322##
[1469] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(N-cyclopropylsulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15--
dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
N-cyclopropylsulfamide in Step F. MS m/z 728 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 3
##STR00323##
[1471] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(pyrrolidinosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-di-
oxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
pyrrolidinolsulfamide in Step F. MS m/z 742 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 4
##STR00324##
[1473] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(morpholinosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-dio-
xo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
morpholinolsulfamide in Step F. MS m/z 758 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 5
##STR00325##
[1475] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(thiozol-2-ylaminosulfonylaminocarbonyl)-2,-
15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
thiozoyl-2-ylaminosulfamide in Step F. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-acetone) 1.15 (s, 9H), 1.22-1.54 (m, 11H), 1.60 (m, 1H),
1.68-1.88 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.45 (m, 3H), 2.57 (m, 1H), 3.85 (m, 1H),
4.15 (br d, 1H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.65 (m, 4H), 4.74 (t, 1H), 4.92 (t,
1H), 5.43-5.52 (m, 2H), 6.92 (d, 1H), 7.20-7.33 (m, 5H), 8.18 (s,
1H). MS m/z 770 (ESI-, M-1).
Example 6
##STR00326##
[1477]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Fluoro-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(N,N-dimethylsulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting isoindoline with 5-fluoroisoindoline in
Step D instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) 7.31 (q, 1H),
7.13 (d, 1H), 7.03-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.63 (br s, 1H), 5.70 (q, 1H),
5.40 (br s, 1H), 5.07 (t, 1H), 4.78-4.51 (m, 7H), 4.10-4.02 (m,
1H), 3.83 (d, 1H), 2.84 (s, 6H), 2.73-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.47 (m,
1H), 2.43-2.29 (m, 3H), 1.84-1.67 (m, 4H), 1.64-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.13
(d, 9H), 0.94-0.82 (m, 4H). MS m/z 733.4 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 7
##STR00327##
[1479]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoli-
ne-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-(N,N-dimethyl-sulfonylaminocarbo-
nyl)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting isoindoline with
1-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline in Step D
instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) 7.32-7.16 (m, 4H),
5.75-5.64 (m, 2H), 5.47 (br s, 1H), 5.05 (t, 1H), 4.52-4.45 (m,
2H), 4.39-4.17 (m, 3H), 4.12-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.88 (m, 1H),
3.70-3.38 (m, 6H), 3.14-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.83 (d, 6H), 2.59-2.24 (m,
4H), 2.08-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.65 (m, 10H), 1.63-1.51 (m, 4H), 1.23
(d, 9H), 0.92-0.84 (m, 1H). MS m/z 826.6 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 8
##STR00328##
[1481]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoli-
ne-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-(N-cyclopropyl-sulfonylaminocarb-
onyl)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting isoindoline with
1-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline in Step D, and
substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with N-cyclopropylsulfamide in
Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) 7.31-7.15 (m,
4H), 5.75-5.58 (m, 2H), 5.47 (br s, 1H), 5.11 (t, 1H), 4.62-4.57
(m, 1H), 4.52-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.17 (m, 3H), 4.15-3.84 (m, 3H),
3.73-3.34 (m, 5H), 3.16-2.71 (m, 5H), 2.70-2.27 (m, 6H), 2.13-2.67
(m, 10H), 1.65-1.24 (m, 15H), 0.73-0.47 (m, 4H); MS m/z 838.4
(APCI-, M-1).
Example 9
##STR00329##
[1483]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoli-
ne-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-(pyrrolidino-sulfonylaminocarbon-
yl)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting isoindoline with
1-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline in Step D, and
substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with pyrrolidinosulfamide in
Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 8.94 (d,
1H), 7.31-7.16 (m, 4H), 5.75-5.62 (m, 2H), 5.48 (br s, 1H),
5.08-4.99 (m, 1H), 4.66-3.84 (m, 7H), 3.72-3.39 (m, 7H), 3.28-3.20
(m, 2H), 3.17-2.25 (m, 10H), 2.12-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.66 (m, 11H),
1.64-1.22 (m, 15H); MS m/z 852.5 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 10
##STR00330##
[1485]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoli-
ne-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-(morpholino-sulfonylaminocarbony-
l)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting isoindoline with
1-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline in Step D, and
substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with morpholinosulfamide in Step
F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 7.33-7.14 (m,
4H), 5.78-5.63 (m, 2H), 5.47 (br s, 1H), 5.11 (t, 1H), 4.63-3.84
(m, 7H), 3.74-3.36 (m, 9H), 3.29-3.19 (m, 3H), 3.16-2.14 (m, 11H),
2.13-1.23 (m, 24H), 0.94-0.81 (m, 1H); MS m/z 868.6 (APCI-,
M-1).
Example 11
##STR00331##
[1487]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1-Morpholine-4-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinol-
ine-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonylaminocarb-
onyl)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting isoindoline with
1-morpholine-4-ylmethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline in Step D, and
substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with pyrrolidinosulfamide in
Step F instead. MS m/z 874.3 (APCI-, M+18).
Example 12
##STR00332##
[1489]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-carbamic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-4-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonylaminocarb-
onyl)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting isoindoline with
2-morpholin-4-yl-1-phenyl-ethylamine in Step D, and substituting
N,N-dimethylsulfamide with pyrrolidinosulfamide in Step F instead.
MS m/z 828.3 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 13
##STR00333##
[1491]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(N,N-dimethylsulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting isoindoline with 5-chloroisoindoline in
Step D instead. MS m/z 651 (APCI+, M-Boc).
Example 14
##STR00334##
[1493]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(N-cyclopropyl-sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-
-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting isoindoline with 5-chloroisoindoline in
Step D, and substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
N-cyclopropylsulfamide in Step F instead. MS m/z 663 (APCI+,
M-Boc).
Example 15
##STR00335##
[1495]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(pyrrolidino-sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-d-
ioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting isoindoline with 5-chloroisoindoline in
Step D, and substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
pyrrolidinosulfamide in Step F instead. MS m/z 677 (APCI+,
M-Boc).
Example 16
##STR00336##
[1497]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-5-Chloro-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(morpholino-sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-di-
oxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting isoindoline with 5-chloroisoindoline in
Step D, and substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
morpholinosulfamide in Step F instead. MS m/z 693 (APCI+,
M-Boc).
Example 17
##STR00337##
[1499] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(azetidino-sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-dio-
xo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
azetidine-1-sulfonamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-acetone) 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.28-1.54 (m, 8H), 1.59-1.63 (m,
1H), 1.77-1.89 (m, 3H), 2.38-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.46-2.52 (m, 2H), 3.77
(t, 2H), 3.84-3.94 (m, 3H), 4.14-4.22 (m, 3H), 4.50 (br d, 1H),
4.61-4.72 (m, 5H), 5.12 (t, 1H), 5.44 (br s, 1H), 5.78 (q, 1H),
6.17 (br d, 1H), 7.23-7.36 (m, 4H), 8.38 (s, 1H). MS m/z 727.4
(APCI-, M-1).
Example 17a
##STR00338##
[1501] The title compound, azetidine-1-sulfonamide, was prepared
according to Route B in Scheme 2. Azetidine (0.16 g, 2.8 mmol) was
dissolved in 5.6 mL DriSolve DCM in a 10 mL RBF, followed by
addition of the sulfamoylating reagent a (0.85 g, 2.8 mmol). After
ca. 5 min stirring the latter reagent gradually dissolved to give a
clear and almost colorless solution. It was stirred at rt for
overnight. After 17 h, TLC showed reaction complete (DCM:MeOH 9:1).
The reaction was concentrated down and the resulting white solid
crude was flashed on Biotage 40 S silica gel column (eluent=5 to
10% MeOH/DCM), giving the Boc-protected titled product in basically
quantitative yield. The product was initially a thick oil, which
gradually solidified on high vacuum overnight. .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) 1.52 (s, 9H), 2.27 (m, 2H), 4.15 (t, 4H),
7.18 (br s, 1H).
[1502] The product from the above step (0.4 g, 2 mmol) was
dissolved in 10 mL TFA/DCM (1:1 v/v) mixture, and left at rt for 2
h. The volatile was then removed. The resulting oily residue was
treated with diethyl ether and filtered. The white powder product
from filtration was used for the coupling step without further
purification. .sup.1H NMR (d.sup.6-Acetone, 400 MHz) .delta.
2.12-2.19 (m, 2H), 3.77 (t, 4H), 6.05 (br s, 2H).
Example 18
##STR00339##
[1504] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-methylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl-aminocarbony-
l)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
4-methylpiperazine-1-sulfonamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, d.sup.6-acetone) 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.19-1.58 (m, 9H),
1.70-1.73 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.88 (m, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.36-2.48 (m,
7H), 2.53 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.29 (m, 4H), 3.84-3.88 (m, 1H), 4.14-4.18
(m, 1H), 4.49 (br d, 1H), 4.60-4.72 (m, 5H), 5.04 (t, 1H), 5.44 (br
s, 1H), 5.71 (q, 1H), 6.16 (br d, 1H), 7.23-7.36 (m, 4H), 8.31 (s,
1H). MS m/z 770.5 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 19
##STR00340##
[1506] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-(2-trimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl)piperazi-
ne-1-sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4-
,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester was synthesized according to the same
procedures as described in Example 1, substituting
N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
4-(2-trimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl)piperazine-1-sulfonamide in Step
F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, d.sup.6-acetone) 0.06 (s, 9H),
0.94-0.98 (m, 2H), 1.15 (s, 9H), 1.17-1.50 (m, 8H), 1.50-1.54 (m,
1H), 1.65-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.82 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.44 (m, 3H),
2.56-2.68 (m, 1H), 3.17-3.26 (m, 4H), 3.44-3.47 (m, 4H), 3.78-3.81
(m, 1H), 4.08-4.14 (m, 3H), 4.44 (br d, 1H), 4.54-4.66 (m, 5H),
4.98 (t, 1H), 5.38 (br s, 1H), 5.56-5.63 (m, 1H), 6.12 (br d, 1H),
7.16-7.30 (m, 4H), 8.26 (s, 1H). MS m/z 901.3 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 19a
##STR00341##
[1508] The title compound,
4-(2-trimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl)piperazine-1-sulfonamide, was
prepared according to Scheme 3 shown below:
##STR00342##
[1509] Step 1: Tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (1.0 g, 5.4
mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL DriSolve DCM in a 50 mL RBF, followed
by addition of the sulfamoylating reagent a (1.6 g, 5.4 mmol).
After ca. 5 min stirring the latter reagent gradually dissolved to
give a clear and almost colorless solution. It was stirred at rt
for overnight. After 17 h, TLC showed reaction complete (DCM:MeOH
20:1). The reaction was concentrated down and the resulting white
solid crude was flashed on Biotage 40 M silica gel column
(eluent=2% MeOH/DCM), giving the Boc-protected product as a white
foamy solid. .sup.1H NMR (d.sup.6-acetone, 400 MHz) 1.45 (s, 9H),
1.46 (s, 9H), 3.30-3.32 (m, 4H), 3.48-3.50 (m, 4H). LCMS m/z 364.1
(APCI-, M-1).
[1510] Step 2: The product from Step 1 above (0.90 g, 2.5 mmol) was
dissolved in ca. 20 mL 1:1 (v/v) TFA-DCM mixture and left at rt for
2 h. It was then concentrated down. The solid residue was taken up
in MeCN and re-concentrated down, giving the de-protected product
as a fine white powder.
[1511] To this de-protected product was added 20 mL DriSolve DCM,
followed by 1 mL TEA. To the resulting white suspension was added
the Teoc-succimate (0.70 g, 2.7 mmol) in one portion while
stirring. The white suspension quickly disappeared and the
colorless clear solution was stirred at rt for overnight. The
reaction was then concentrated down and purified by silica
chromatography (Biotage 40 S, eluent=Hex:EA 2:1), giving the pure
product as a white solid, 0.65 g (85%). .sup.1H NMR
(d.sup.6-acetone, 400 MHz) 0.06 (s, 9H), 0.94-0.98 (m, 2H), 3.01
(t, 4H), 3.48 (t, 4H), 4.10-4.14 (m, 2H), 6.03 (br s, 2H). LCMS m/z
308.2 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 20
##STR00343##
[1513] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(piperazine-1-sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15--
dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized through removal of protective group of Compound
119. Compound 119 (54.8 mg, 60.7 .mu.mol) was first dissolved in
0.5 mL DriSolve THF, followed by addition of 1.0 M TBAF THF
solution (0.2 mL, 200 .mu.mol). The reaction was heated in a
60.degree. C. oil bath for 2 h, and TLC showed reaction complete.
The reaction was purified through silica chromatography (Biotage 12
M; eluent=0 to 20% MeOH in DCM), giving Compound 120 as a white
solid, 42.4 mg (92%). MS m/z 756.4 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 21
##STR00344##
[1515]
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-4-Fluoro-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(N-cyclopropylsulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15--
dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
N-cyclopropylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz,
CD.sub.3OD) 8.91 (d, 1H), 7.32 (q, 1H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 7.01 (t, 1H),
5.63 (q, 1H), 5.40 (br s, 1H), 5.13 (t, 1H), 4.80-4.68 (m, 4H),
4.61 (q, 1H), 4.56-4.49 (m, 1H), 4.06 (t, 1H), 3.83 (br s, 1H),
3.72 (p, 1H), 3.22 (p, 1H), 2.72-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.48 (m, 1H),
2.46-2.31 (m, 4H), 1.83-1.69 (m, 4H), 1.66-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.19
(m, 5H), 1.13 (d, 9H), 0.71-0.51 (m, 4H). MS m/z 745.3 (APCI-,
M-1).
Example 22
##STR00345##
[1517] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(aminosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,-
16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester was
synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with sulfamide in
Step F instead. MS m/z 688.2 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 23
##STR00346##
[1519] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(N-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)aminosulfonyl-aminoc-
arbonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-y-
l ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as
described in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
1-cyanocyclopropylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400
MHz, d.sup.6-acetone) 1.22 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.55 (m, 11H), 1.58-1.61
(m, 1H), 1.66-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.90 (m, 2H),
2.42-2.48 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.70 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.88 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.20
(m, 1H), 4.48 (br d, 1H), 4.58-4.71 (m, 5H), 5.07 (t, 1H), 5.44 (br
s, 1H), 5.62 (q, 1H), 6.14 (br d, 1H), 7.22-7.36 (m, 4H), 7.88 (br
s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H). MS m/z 752.3 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 23a
##STR00347##
[1521] The title compound, 1-cyanocyclopropylsulfamide, was
prepared according to the same procedures as described for the
synthesis of N-cyclopropylsulfamide (Route A, Scheme 2),
substituting cyclopropyl amine with 1-aminocyclopropanecarbonitrile
hydrochloride. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) 1.41-1.44 (m, 2H),
1.52-1.55 (m, 2H), 5.86 (br s, 2H), 7.19 (br s, 1H).
Example 24
##STR00348##
[1523] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(cyclopropyl(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)aminosu-
lfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nona-
dec-7-en-18-yl ester was synthesized according to the same
procedures as described in Example 1, substituting
N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
cyclopropyl(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)sulfamide in Step F instead.
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, d.sup.6-acetone) 0.75-0.77 (m, 2H), 0.96-1.01
(m, 2H), 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.57 (m, 7H), 1.60-1.66 (m, 1H),
1.71-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.92 (m, 3H), 1.97-2.06 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.60
(m, 5H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.88-3.02 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.41 (m, 2H),
3.90-3.96 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.23 (m, 2H), 4.41-4.47 (m, 2H), 4.59-4.72
(m, 5H), 5.10 (t, 1H), 5.45 (br s, 1H), 5.63-5.70 (m, 1H), 6.11 (br
d, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 7.19-7.35 (m, 4H), 8.42 (s, 1H). MS m/z 824.4
(APCI-, M-1).
Example 24a
##STR00349##
[1525] The title compound,
cyclopropyl(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)sulfamide, was prepared by the
same fashion as described in Example 17a, substituting azetidine
with N-cyclopropyl-1-methylpiperidin-4-amine. .sup.1H NMR
(d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz) 0.67-0.76 (m, 4H), 1.93-1.97 (m, 2H),
2.07-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.26 (m, 1H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.96-3.05 (m,
2H), 3.45-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.83 (m, 1H), 6.93 (br s, 2H), 9.78
(br s, 1H).
Example 25
##STR00350##
[1527] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(2-cyanoethyl(cyclopropyl)aminosulfonyl-ami-
nocarbonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-1-
8-yl ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as
described in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
2-cyanoethyl(cyclopropyl)sulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, d.sup.6-acetone) 0.74-0.78 (m, 2H), 0.98-1.01 (m, 2H),
1.21 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.54 (m, 7H), 1.59-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.77 (m,
1H), 1.82-1.87 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.65 (m, 6H), 2.79-2.83 (m, 2H),
3.49-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.97-4.04 (m, 1H), 4.14-4.18
(m, 1H), 4.50 (br d, 1H), 4.60-4.72 (m, 5H), 5.05 (t, 1H), 5.45 (br
s, 1H), 5.68 (q, 1H), 6.15 (br d, 1H), 7.22-7.36 (m, 4H), 8.33 (s,
1H). MS m/z 781.3 (APCI-, M).
Example 25a
##STR00351##
[1529] The title compound, 2-cyanoethyl(cyclopropyl)sulfamide, was
prepared by the same fashion as described in Example 17a,
substituting azetidine with 3-(cyclopropylamino)propanenitrile.
.sup.1H NMR (d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz) 0.68-0.76 (m, 4H), 2.36-2.37
(m, 1H), 2.78 (t, 2H), 3.35 (t, 2H), 7.05 (br s, 2H).
Example 26
##STR00352##
[1531] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(N,N-diisopropylaminosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl-
)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
N,N-diisopropylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-acetone) 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.25-1.53 (m, 20H), 1.68-1.71 (m,
1H), 1.81-1.87 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.45 (m, 3H), 2.56-2.68 (m, 1H),
3.84-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.94-4.01 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.18 (m, 1H), 4.47 (br
d, 1H), 4.58-4.68 (m, 5H), 5.03 (t, 1H), 5.44 (br s, 1H), 5.62 (q,
1H), 6.11 (br d, 1H), 7.23-7.36 (m, 4H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 10.29 (br s,
1H). MS m/z 772.3 (APCI-, M).
Example 26a
##STR00353##
[1533] The title compound, N,N-diisopropylsulfamide, was prepared
by the same fashion as described in Example 17a, substituting
azetidine with diisopropylamine. .sup.1H NMR (d.sup.6-acetone, 400
MHz) 1.23 (d, 12H), 3.70-3.77 (m, 2H), 5.67 (br s, 2H).
Example 27
##STR00354##
[1535] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(phenylaminosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-di-
oxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl ester
was synthesized according to the same procedures as described in
Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with phenylsulfamide
in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, d.sup.6-acetone) 1.20 (s,
9H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 8H), 1.60-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.86 (m, 1H),
2.30-2.44 (m, 4H), 3.81-3.85 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.45 (br
d, 1H), 4.54-4.75 (m, 6H), 5.28 (q, 1H), 5.43 (br s, 1H), 6.11 (br
d, 1H), 7.14-7.35 (m, 9H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 8.97 (br s, 1H), 10.80 (br
s, 1H). MS m/z 764.3 (APCI-, M).
Example 27a
##STR00355##
[1537] The title compound, phenylsulfamide, was prepared according
to the same procedures as described for the synthesis of
N-cyclopropylsulfamide (Route A, Scheme 2), substituting
cyclopropyl amine with aniline. .sup.1H NMR (d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz)
6.95-6.98 (m, 1H), 7.06 (br s, 2H), 7.14-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.28
(m, 2H), 9.46 (br s, 1H).
Example 28
##STR00356##
[1539] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-chlorophenylaminosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-
-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
4-chlorophenylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-acetone) 1.19 (s, 9H), 1.18-1.51 (m, 8H), 1.61-1.72 (m,
2H), 1.76-1.87 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.44 (m, 4H), 3.82-3.86 (m, 1H),
4.12-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.45 (br d, 1H), 4.54-4.72 (m, 6H), 5.28 (q,
1H), 5.43 (br s, 1H), 6.10 (br d, 1H), 7.22-7.38 (m, 8H), 8.24 (s,
1H). MS m/z 798.2 (APCI-, M).
Example 28a
##STR00357##
[1541] The title compound, 4-chlorophenylsulfamide, was prepared
according to the same procedures as described for the synthesis of
N-cyclopropylsulfamide (Route A, Scheme 2), substituting
cyclopropyl amine with 4-chlorobenzenamine. .sup.1H NMR
(d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz) 7.09-7.12 (m, 4H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 9.59 (br
s, 1H).
Example 29
##STR00358##
[1543] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-methoxyphenylaminosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl-
)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
4-methoxyphenylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-acetone) 1.20 (s, 9H), 1.18-1.54 (m, 8H), 1.64-1.87 (m,
3H), 2.22-2.46 (m, 4H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.77-3.82 (m, 1H), 4.14 (m,
1H), 4.43 (br d, 1H), 4.52-4.70 (m, 5H), 4.88 (t, 1H), 5.40-5.50
(m, 2H), 6.10 (br d, 1H), 6.88-6.90 (d, 2H), 7.18-7.35 (m, 6H),
8.18 (s, 1H). MS m/z 794.3 (APCI-, M).
Example 29a
##STR00359##
[1545] The title compound, 4-methoxyphenylsulfamide, was prepared
according to the same procedures as described for the synthesis of
N-cyclopropylsulfamide (Route A, Scheme 2), substituting
cyclopropyl amine with 4-methoxybenzenamine. .sup.1H NMR
(d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz) 3.71 (s, 3H), 6.85-6.87 (m, 4H), 7.11 (d,
2H), 9.01 (br s, 1H).
Example 30
##STR00360##
[1547] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-methylphenylaminosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-
-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
4-methylphenylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-acetone) 1.20 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.52 (m, 8H), 1.60-1.74 (m,
2H), 1.76-1.87 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.42 (m, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 3.81-3.84
(m, 1H), 4.14-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.44 (br d, 1H), 4.52-4.79 (m, 6H),
5.32 (q, 1H), 5.42 (br s, 1H), 6.11 (br d, 1H), 7.14-7.35 (m, 8H),
8.20 (s, 1H), 8.79 (br s, 1H), 10.69 (br s, 1H). MS m/z 778.2
(APCI-, M).
Example 30a
##STR00361##
[1549] The title compound, 4-methylphenylsulfamide, was prepared
according to the same procedures as described for the synthesis of
N-cyclopropylsulfamide (Route A, Scheme 2), substituting
cyclopropyl amine with 4-methylbenzenamine. .sup.1H NMR
(d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz) 2.18 (s, 3H), 6.91 (s, 2H), 7.01 (s, 4H),
9.20 (s, 1H).
Example 31
##STR00362##
[1551] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-cyanophenylaminosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)--
2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
4-cyanophenylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-acetone) 1.20 (s, 9H), 1.18-1.53 (m, 8H), 1.60-1.70 (m,
2H), 1.76-1.87 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.48 (m, 4H), 3.85-3.88 (m, 1H),
4.15-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.46 (br d, 1H), 4.57-4.71 (m, 6H), 5.16 (q,
1H), 5.46 (br s, 1H), 6.10 (br d, 1H), 7.24-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.42 (d,
2H), 7.76 (d, 2H), 8.28 (s, 1H). MS m/z 788.3 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 31a
##STR00363##
[1553] The title compound, 4-cyanophenylsulfamide, was prepared
according to the same procedures as described for the synthesis of
N-cyclopropylsulfamide (Route A, Scheme 2), substituting
cyclopropyl amine with 4-aminobenzonitrile. .sup.1H NMR
(d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz) 7.22 (d, 2H), 7.40 (br s, 2H), 7.70 (d,
2H), 10.24 (br s, 1H).
Example 32
##STR00364##
[1555] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenylaminosulfonyl-amino-
carbonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18--
yl ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as
described in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
4-trifluoromethylphenylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, d.sup.6-acetone) 1.19 (s, 9H), 1.18-1.64 (m, 10H), 1.82
(q, 1H), 2.30-2.46 (m, 4H), 3.84-3.87 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.16 (m, 1H),
4.47 (br d, 1H), 4.57-4.71 (m, 6H), 5.11 (q, 1H), 5.45 (s, 1H),
6.12 (br d, 1H), 7.23-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.69 (d, 2H),
8.30 (s, 1H), 9.53 (br s, 1H), 11.06 (br s, 1H). MS m/z 832.2
(APCI-, M).
Example 32a
##STR00365##
[1557] The title compound, 4-trifluoromethylphenylsulfamide, was
prepared according to the same procedures as described for the
synthesis of N-cyclopropylsulfamide (Route A, Scheme 2),
substituting cyclopropyl amine with 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine.
.sup.1H NMR (d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz) 7.26-7.30 (m, 4H), 7.59 (d,
2H), 10.05 (br s, 1H).
Example 33
##STR00366##
[1559] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(cyclobutylaminosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,1-
5-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
cyclobutylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-acetone) 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.70 (m, 11H), 1.80-1.90 (m,
2H), 2.02-2.09 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.47 (m, 3H),
2.58-2.68 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.87 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.18 (m, 1H), 4.47 (br
d, 1H), 4.57-4.72 (m, 5H), 5.11 (t, 1H), 5.44 (s, 1H), 5.63 (q,
1H), 6.14 (br d, 1H), 6.34 (br d, 1H), 7.23-7.36 (m, 4H), 8.18 (s,
1H). MS m/z 741.4 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 33a
##STR00367##
[1561] The title compound, cyclobutylsulfamide, was prepared by the
same fashion as described in Example 17a, substituting azetidine
with cyclobutanamine. .sup.1H NMR (d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz) 1.20-1.60
(m, 2H), 1.89-1.94 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.21 (m, 2H), 3.67 (m, 1H), 6.42
(br s, 2H), 6.82 (br s, 1H).
Example 34
##STR00368##
[1563] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(cyclopentylaminosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,-
15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
cyclopentylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-acetone) 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.73 (m, 15H), 1.87-1.96 (m,
4H), 2.41-2.49 (m, 3H), 2.56-2.68 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 1H),
3.84-3.87 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.18 (m, 1H), 4.48 (br d, 1H), 4.57-4.72
(m, 5H), 5.08 (t, 1H), 5.44 (s, 1H), 5.63 (q, 1H), 6.15 (br d, 1H),
6.24 (br d, 1H), 7.23-7.35 (m, 4H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 10.25 (br s, 1H).
MS m/z 755.4 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 34a
##STR00369##
[1565] The title compound, cyclopentylsulfamide, was prepared by
the same fashion as described in Example 17a, substituting
azetidine with cyclopentanamine. .sup.1H NMR (d.sup.6-DMSO, 400
MHz) 1.43-1.61 (m, 6H), 1.80-1.83 (m, 2H), 3.54 (m, 1H), 6.42 (br
s, 3H).
Example 35
##STR00370##
[1567] (1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-(cyclohexylaminosulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,1-
5-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl
ester was synthesized according to the same procedures as described
in Example 1, substituting N,N-dimethylsulfamide with
cyclohexylsulfamide in Step F instead. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
d.sup.6-acetone) 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.14-2.0 (m, 21H), 2.41-2.48 (m,
3H), 2.57-2.67 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.16 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.87 (m, 1H),
4.15-4.19 (m, 1H), 4.47 (br d, 1H), 4.57-4.72 (m, 5H), 5.08 (t,
1H), 5.44 (s, 1H), 5.64 (q, 1H), 6.13-6.17 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.36 (m,
4H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 10.30 (br s, 1H). MS m/z 769.4 (APCI-, M-1).
Example 35a
##STR00371##
[1568] Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-1,3-Dihydro-isoindole-2-carboxylic acid
14-amino-4-(N,N-dimethylsulfonyl-aminocarbonyl)-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaz-
a-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-18-yl Ester, HCl Salt
(Compound 136)
[1569] The title compound was synthesized by taking up Compound 101
(79 mg) in 0.5 mL of 4 M HCl/Dioxane and stirring at rt for 16 h.
Reaction was then concentrated and taken up in acetonitrile for
concentration again. The hydrochloride salt was then dried
overnight on a high vacuum pump to give product as a white solid
(76 mg). +APCI MS m/z 617.1 (M+1).
Example 35b
##STR00372##
[1571] The title compound, cyclohexylsulfamide, was prepared by the
same fashion as described in Example 17a, substituting azetidine
with cyclohexanamine. .sup.1H NMR (d.sup.6-DMSO, 400 MHz) 1.08-1.23
(m, 5H), 1.50-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.89 (m, 2H),
3.02 (m, 1H), 6.40 (br s, 3H).
Example 36
NS3-NS4 Protease Assay
[1572] NS3 Complex Formation with NS4A-2.
[1573] Recombinant E. coli or Baculovirus full-length NS3 was
diluted to 3.33 .mu.M with assay buffer and transferred material to
an eppendorf tube and place in water bath in 4.degree. C.
refrigerator. The appropriate amount of NS4A-2 to 8.3 mM in assay
buffer was added to equal the volume of NS3 in step 2.1.1
(conversion factor -3.8 mg/272 .mu.L assay buffer). The material
was transferred to an eppendorf tube and place in water bath in
4.degree. C. refrigerator.
[1574] After equilibration to 4.degree. C., equal volumes of NS3
and NS4A-2 solutions were combined in an eppendorf tube, mix gently
with a manual pipettor, and incubate mixture for 15 minutes in the
4.degree. C. water bath. Final concentrations in the mixture are
1.67 .mu.M NS3, 4.15 mM NS4A-2 (2485-fold molar excess NS4A-2).
[1575] After 15 minutes at 4.degree. C., the NS3/NS4A-2 eppendorf
tube was removed and place it in a room temperature water bath for
10 minutes. NS3/NS4A-2 was alliquoted at appropriate volumes and
store at -80.degree. C. (E. coli NS3 run at 2 nM in assay, aliquot
at 25 .mu.L. BV NS3 run at 3 nM in assay, aliquot at 30 .mu.L).
Example 37
NS3 Inhibition Assay
[1576] Step 2.2.5. Sample compounds were dissolved to 10 mM in DMSO
then diluted to 2.5 mM (1:4) in DMSO. Typically, compounds were
added to an assay plate at 2.5 mM concentration, yielding upon
dilution a starting concentration of 50 microM in the assay
inhibition curve. Compounds were serial diluted in assay buffer to
provide test solutions at lower concentrations.
[1577] Step 2.2.6. The E. coli. NS3/NS4A-2 was diluted to 4 nM NS3
(1:417.5 of 1.67 .mu.M stock-18 .mu.L 1.67 .mu.M stock+7497 .mu.L
assay buffer). The BV NS3/NS4A-2 was diluted to 6 nM NS3 (1:278.3
of 1.67 .mu.M stock-24 .mu.L 1.67 .mu.M stock+6655 .mu.L assay
buffer).
[1578] Step 2.2.7. Using the manual multichannel pipettor, and
being careful not to introduce bubbles into the plate, 50 .mu.L
assay buffer were added to wells A01-H01 of a black Costar 96-well
polypropylene storage plate.
[1579] Step 2.2.8. Using the manual multichannel pipettor, and
being careful not to introduce bubbles into the plate, 50 .mu.L of
diluted NS3/NS4A-2 from step 2.2.6 were added to wells A02-H12 of
plate in step 2.2.7.
[1580] Step 2.2.9. Using the manual multichannel pipettor, and
being careful not to introduce bubbles into the plate, 25 .mu.L of
the wells in drug dilution plate in step 2.2.5 were transferred to
corresponding wells in assay plate in step 2.2.8. The tips on
multichannel pipettor were changed for each row of compounds
transferred.
[1581] Step 2.2.10. Using the manual multichannel pipettor, and
being careful not to introduce bubbles into the plate, the contents
of the wells from the assay plate in step 2.2.9 were mixed by
aspirating and dispensing 35 .mu.L of the 75 .mu.L in each well
five times. The tips on the multichannel pipettor were changed for
each row of wells mixed.
[1582] Step 2.2.11. The plate was covered with a polystyrene plate
lid, and the plate from step 2.2.10 containing NS3 protease and
sample compounds was pre-incubated 10 minutes at room
temperature.
[1583] While the plate from step 2.2.11 was pre-incubating, the
RETS1 substrate was diluted in a 15 mL polypropylene centrifuge
tube. The RETS1 substrate was diluted to 8 .mu.M (1:80.75 of 646
.mu.M stock-65 .mu.L 646 .mu.M stock+5184 .mu.L assay buffer).
[1584] After the plate in step 2.2.11 was done pre-incubating, and
using the manual multichannel, 25 .mu.L of substrate were added to
all wells on the plate. The contents of the wells of plate were
quickly mixed, as in step 2.2.10, but mixing 65 .mu.L of the 100
.mu.L in the wells.
[1585] The plate was read in kinetic mode on the Molecular Devices
SpectraMax Gemini XS plate reader. Reader settings: Read time: 30
minutes, Interval: 36 seconds, Reads: 51, Excitation .lamda.: 335
nm, Emission .lamda.: 495 nm, cutoff: 475 nm, Automix: off,
Calibrate: once, PMT: high, Reads/well: 6, Vmax pts: 21 or 28/51
depending on length of linearity of reaction.
[1586] IC.sub.50s were determined using a four parameter curve fit
equation, and converted to Ki's using the following Km's:
[1587] Full-length E. coli NS3--2.03 .mu.M
[1588] Full-length BV NS3--1.74 .mu.M
where Ki=IC.sub.50/(1+[S]/Km))
Quantitation by ELISA of the Selectable Marker Protein, Neomycin
Phosphotransferase II (NPTII) in the HCV Sub-Genomic Replicon,
GS4.3
[1589] The HCV sub-genomic replicon (I377/NS3-3', accession No.
AJ242652), stably maintained in HuH-7 hepatoma cells, was created
by Lohmann et al. Science 285: 110-113 (1999). The
replicon-containing cell culture, designated GS4.3, was obtained
from Dr. Christoph Seeger of the Institute for Cancer Research, Fox
Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pa.
[1590] GS4.3 cells were maintained at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2,
in DMEM (Gibco 11965-092) supplemented with L-glutamine 200 mM
(100.times.) (Gibco 25030-081), non-essential amino acids (NEAA)
(Biowhittaker 13-114E), heat-inactivated (HI) Fetal Bovine Serum
(FBS) (Hyclone SH3007.03) and 750 .mu.g/ml geneticin (G418) (Gibco
10131-035). Cells were sub-divided 1:3 or 4 every 2-3 days.
[1591] 24 h prior to the assay, GS4.3 cells were collected,
counted, and plated in 96-well plates (Costar 3585) at 7500
cells/well in 100 .mu.l standard maintenance medium (above) and
incubated in the conditions above. To initiate the assay, culture
medium was removed, cells were washed once with PBS (Gibco
10010-023) and 90 .mu.l Assay Medium (DMEM, L-glutamine, NEAA, 10%
HI FBS, no G418) was added. Inhibitors were made as a 10.times.
stock in Assay Medium, (3-fold dilutions from 10 .mu.M to 56 pM
final concentration, final DMSO concentration 1%), 10 .mu.l were
added to duplicate wells, plates were rocked to mix, and incubated
as above for 72 h.
[1592] An NPTII Elisa kit was obtained from AGDIA, Inc. (Compound
direct ELISA test system for Neomycin Phosphotransferase II, PSP
73000/4800). Manufacturer's instructions were followed, with some
modifications. 10.times.PEB-1 lysis buffer was made up to include
500 .mu.M PMSF (Sigma P7626, 50 mM stock in isopropanol). After 72
h incubation, cells were washed once with PBS and 150 .mu.l PEB-1
with PMSF was added per well. Plates were agitated vigorously for
15 minutes, room temperature, then frozen at -70.degree. C. Plates
were thawed, lysates were mixed thoroughly, and 100 .mu.l were
applied to an NPTII Elisa plate. A standard curve was made. Lysate
from DMSO-treated control cells was pooled, serially diluted with
PEB-1 with PMSF, and applied to duplicate wells of the ELISA plate,
in a range of initial lysate amount of 150 .mu.l-2.5 .mu.l. In
addition, 100 .mu.l buffer alone was applied in duplicate as a
blank. Plates were sealed and gently agitated at room temperature
for 2 h. Following capture incubation, the plates were washed
5.times.300 .mu.l with PBS-T (0.5% Tween-20, PBS-T was supplied in
the ELISA kit). For detection, a 1.times. dilution of enzyme
conjugate diluent MRS-2 (5.times.) was made in PBS-T, into which
1:100 dilutions of enzyme conjugates A and B were added, as per
instructions. Plates were resealed, and incubated with agitation,
covered, room temperature, for 2 h. The washing was then repeated
and 100 .mu.l of room temperature TMB substrate was added. After
approximately 30 minutes incubation (room temperature, agitation,
covered), the reaction was stopped with 50 .mu.l 3M sulfuric acid.
Plates were read at 450 nm on a Molecular Devices Versamax plate
reader.
[1593] Inhibitor effect was expressed as a percentage of
DMSO-treated control signal, and inhibition curves were calculated
using a 4-parameter equation: y=A+((B-A)/(1+((C/x) D))), where C is
half-maximal activity or EC.sub.50.
[1594] Examples of Activity:
[1595] Wherein:
[1596] A indicates an IC.sub.50 or EC.sub.50 of less than 1
.mu.M
[1597] and B indicates an IC.sub.50 or EC.sub.50 of less than 0.1
.mu.M
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 NS3-NS4 Compound IC.sub.50 EC.sub.50 101 B B
102 B B 103 B B 104 B B 105 B N/A 106 B B 107 B B 108 A B 109 B A
110 A N/A 111 B N/A 112 B N/A 113 B B 114 B B 115 B B 116 B A 117 B
B 118 B B 119 B B 120 B N/A 121 B B 122 B B 123 B N/A 124 A B 125 B
B 126 B B 127 B B 128 B B 129 B B 130 B B 131 B B 132 B B 133 B B
134 B B 135 B B
Example 38
Specificity Assays
[1598] When the compounds were evaluated in specificity assays, the
compounds of Formula I were found to be selective in that they do
not show significant inhibition in Cathepsin B, Chymotrypsin,
Thrombin or Leukocyte Elastase.
Example 39
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Compounds
[1599] Compounds were initially synthesized and tested for potency
(IC.sub.50) in a fluorogenic NS3/4 protease assay and cell-based
HCV replicon system as described above. Plasma pharmacokinetic
analysis in Rattus sp. following IV administration was then used in
conjunction with in vitro human liver microsome (HLM) and
hepatocyte stability studies to direct the design of metabolically
stable compounds from compounds with <20 nM potency. These leads
were then further optimized for drug-like physical properties and
administered in oral doses in Rattus sp. to assess liver, heart and
plasma concentrations.
Methods
[1600] Compounds were initially synthesized and tested for potency
(IC.sub.50) in a fluorogenic NS3/4 protease assay and cell-based
HCV replicon system as described in Example 8 above. Plasma
pharmacokinetic analysis in Rattus sp. following IV administration
was then used in conjunction with in vitro human liver microsome
(HLM) and hepatocyte stability studies to direct the design of
metabolically stable compounds from compounds with <20 nM
potency. These leads were then further optimized for drug-like
physical properties and administered in oral doses in Rattus sp. to
assess liver, heart and plasma concentrations.
[1601] Compounds were tested for liver clearance over time
following a single 3 mg/kg oral dose in rats. For any compound
found to exhibit a concentration in liver at 8 hours
post-administration that is at least 100-fold more than the
concentration of the compound effective to inhibit 50% of maximum
inhibition in the replicon assay (replicon EC.sub.50), additional
toxicological assessments were performed in rats using dosages of
up to 30 mg/kg orally BID for seven days.
Results
[1602] Compound AR00334187 yielded a replicon EC.sub.50 value of
approximately 2 nM and exhibited stability in vitro in rat, dog and
human hepatocyte incubation assays, which data would predict low to
moderate rates of clearance from liver. In addition, this compound
displayed a high degree of selectivity against a panel of other
serine proteases, and no significant inhibition of Cytochrome P450
isoforms or hERG channel activity at even the highest
concentrations tested (10 .mu.M).
[1603] For compound AR00334187, a single 30 mg/kg oral dose in
Rattus sp. yielded a concentration in liver at 24 hours post dose
that was at least 200-fold more than the compound's replicon
EC.sub.50 value.
[1604] Compound AR00334187 yielded heart and plasma levels up to
two orders of magnitude lower than, and correlated kinetically
with, liver concentrations in the same animals. At a clinically
more reasonable oral dose (3 mg/kg), compound AR00334187 yielded a
concentration in liver at 8 hours post dose that was over 100-fold
more than the replicon EC50 value of the compound. After exposure
to compound AR00334187 at a dosage of 30 mg/kg orally BID for 7
days, no mortality, change in weight, or abnormalities in clinical
chemistries were observed in treated animals.
Conclusion
[1605] Potent, metabolically stable, orally available small
molecule inhibitors of the HCV NS3 protease have been developed. At
modest oral dosing concentrations (3 mg/kg) these compounds display
high liver levels (100-fold greater than their respective replicon
EC50 values) at 8 hours post dose. Exposure to plasma and heart is
up to two orders of magnitude below that observed in liver, and
such low concentrations minimizes any potential systemic
toxicological issues.
[1606] Compound AR00334187 did not display toxicity in Rattus sp.
when dosed for seven days at 30 mg/kg BID, providing at least a
10-fold safety margin above the presumptive efficacious dose (3
mg/kg) that yields liver concentrations 100-fold in excess of the
replicon EC.sub.50 value of the compound.
Preparation of Section D Viral Inhibitors
[1607] The meanings of the terms and structural names used within
this section are the same as those in Section D above. Any
references within this section to a particular number or label
should be understood in the context of the corresponding numbering
or labeling scheme used within this section or Section D above,
rather than in the context of a possibly similar or identical
numbering or labeling scheme used elsewhere herein, unless
otherwise indicated.
[1608] The compounds of formula XVIII may be synthesized according
to the methods described below.
[1609]
(2S,4R)-4-Amino-1-[benzyloxycarbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-methylcarboxylat-
e hydrochloride was available from Array Biopharma,
2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoic acid and
1(R)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2(S)-vinyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic
acid ethyl ester were prepared according to the procedures
disclosed in International Application PCT/CA00/00353 (Publication
No. WO 00/59929). 2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoic acid
was also purchased from RSP Amino Acids.
[1610] Two key aminoproline macrocyclic intermediates A and B were
used in preparing the NS3 inhibitors shown in Examples 1-69.
1. Preparation of Aminoproline Macrocyclic Acylsulfonamide
Intermediate A
Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-(18-amino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dio-
xo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-14-yl)-carbamic
Acid Tert-Butyl Ester
##STR00373## ##STR00374##
[1612] Step A. To a solution of
(2S,4R)-4-amino-1-[benzyloxycarbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-methylcarboxlate
hydrochloride (2.00 g, 2.34 mmol) in methylene chloride (25 ml) was
added 2-(trimethyl silyl)ethyl p-nitrophenyl carbonate (1.98 g,
6.99 mmol) and triethylamine (1.81 ml, 13.34 mmol). The reaction
was stirred for 3 days, placed onto silica gel and the product
eluted with 40% EtOAc/hexanes to give a colorless oil. The oil was
dissolved in methanol (20 ml) and stirred with 10% palladium on
carbon under a balloon of hydrogen gas. After stirring for 4 h, the
reaction was filtered and concentrated. The resulting solid was
dissolved in 1N aqueous HCl (75 ml) and extracted with methylene
chloride (75 ml). The aqueous layer was made basic by the addition
of sodium hydroxide and again extracted with methylene chloride
(100 ml). Both organic extractions were combined, concentrated, and
the resulting residue purified by silica gel chromatography eluting
with 10% methanol/methylene chloride to give a brownish solid (1.29
g, 70%). LCMS=289 (H+).
[1613] Step B. A solution of 4(R)-(2-trimethylsilylethyl
carbonylamino)-pyrrolidine-2(S)-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1.29
g, 4.50 mmol), 2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoic acid (1.22
g, 4.51 mmol), HATU (2.06 g, 5.41 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine
(1.18 ml, 6.76 mmol) in dimethylformamide (10 ml) was stirred
overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 ml),
washed with 1N aqueous HCl (2.times.100 ml), dried over magnesium
sulfate and concentrated. Silica gel chromatography gave an oil
which was stirred with lithium hydroxide (0.28 g, 6.76 mmol) in
methanol (5 ml) for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with methylene
chloride and washed with 1N aqueous HCl, dried over magnesium
sulfate and concentrated to give 1.2 g (49%) of the product.
[1614] Step C. To
1(R)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2(S)-vinyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic
acid ethyl ester (0.70 g, 2.75 mmol) was added 4N HCl/dioane
solution (2.87 ml, 11.46 mmol). After stirring for 2 h, the
reaction was concentrated to give a solid. To this solid was added
1-(2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoyl)-4(R)-(2-trimethylsilylethyl
carbonylamino)-pyrrolidine-2(S)-carboxylic acid (1.21 g, 2.29
mmol), HATU (1.05 g, 2.75 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.60 ml,
9.17 mmol) and methylene chloride (10 ml) and the reaction was
stirred for 18 h at room temperature. The reaction was placed onto
silica gel and eluted with a solution of 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes
to give the product as a colorless oil (1.27 g, 83%). 665 (H+)
[1615] Step D. A solution of
1-{[1-(2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-non-8-enoyl)-4(R)-(2-trimethylsilyle-
thyl
carbonylamino)-pyrrolidine-2(S)-carbonyl]-amino}-2(S)-vinyl-cycloprop-
ane-1-(R)-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (2.57 g, 3.87 mmol) in
methylene chloride (500 ml) was degassed for 1 h by bubbling
N.sub.2 throught the solution.
Dichloro(o-isopropoxyphenyl-methylene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)r-
uthenium (II) (0.116 g, 0.193 mmol) was added and the reaction
stirred at 40.degree. C. for 16 h. The reaction was concentrated,
placed onto silica gel and eluted with 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes to
give the product (2.01 g, 3.16 mmol, 82%). 637.0 (H+).
[1616] Step E. A solution of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-(14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-18-(2-trimethy-
lsilanyl-ethoxycarbonylamino)-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-
-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.94 g, 3.04 mmol) in 10:1
methanol/water (10 ml) was added lithium hydroxide (1.02 g, 24.37
mmol) and the reaction stirred at room temperature overnight. The
reaction was quenched by the addition of 1N HCl (50 ml) and
extrated into methylene chloride (2.times.50 ml). The combined
organics were washed with brine (50 ml), dried over magnesium
sulfate and concentrated to give a solid (1.78 g, 2.92 mmol). A
solution of this acid and carbonyl diimidazole (0.711 g, 4.39 mmol)
in dichloroethane was heated at 50.degree. C. After 1 h, HPLC
analysis indicated the presence of starting material, so additional
carbonyl diimidazole (0.1 g) was added. After an additional 1 h
stirring at 50.degree. C., HPLC analysis indicated complete
consumption of starting material. To the reaction was added a
solution of cyclopropanesulfonyl chloride (0.46 g, 3.80 mmol) and
DBU (0.57 g, 3.80 mmol) and the reaction was heated at 50.degree.
C. After 1 h, the reaction was not complete as judged by HPLC
monitoring, so an additional 0.07 g of cycloproyl sulfonamide and
0.1 g of DBU was added. After stirring for an additional 30
minutes, the reaction was judged complete. The reaction was cooled,
placed onto silica gel and the product was eluted with a gradient
of 3% methanol/DCM to 7.5% methanol/DCM as a white solid. LCMS
710.5 (H-)
[1617] Step F. A solution of 1 (0.80 g, 1.124 mmol) and
tetrabutylammonium fluororide (1.0M solution in THF, 1.4 ml) was
stirred together at 50.degree. C. for 1 h. The reaction was cooled,
placed onto silica gel and the product eluted with a gradient of 5%
methanol/DCM to 25% methanol/DCM as a white solid (0.51 g).
LCMS=568.0 (H+)
2. Preparation of Aminoproline Macrocyclic Ester Intermediate B
Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-18-amino-14-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2,15-dioxo-3,16-d-
iaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic Acid
Ethyl Ester
##STR00375##
[1619] Compound 1 from Scheme 1 above was treated with TBAF (1.0 M
in THF, 1.5 equiv) and heated to 50.degree. C. for 4 h. The
reaction was placed onto silica gel and eluted with 20%
methanol/methylene chloride to give B as a tan solid (69% yield).
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz): .delta. 1.06-1.66 (m, 17H),
1.85-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.0-2.1 (m, 1H), 2.1-2.2 (m, 1H), 2.2-2.3 (m,
1H), 2.65-2.75 (M, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.83 (m, 2H), 4.08-4.19
(m, 2H), 4.56 (m, 1H), 4.78 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (t, J=8.1 Hz,
1H), 5.34 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (dt, J=4.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 7.08
(s, 1H). 493 (H+).
[1620] The acylsulfonamide NS3 inhibitors showns in Examples 1-69
were then prepared via one of the following two routes utilizing
the above two intermediates A and B. All the carboxylic acid NS3
inhibitors in the examples were prepared via route 2 in Scheme
3.
##STR00376##
Example 1
Synthesis of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-{18-[(3-Chloro-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-4--
cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.-
sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-14-yl}-carbamic Acid Tert-Butyl Ester
##STR00377##
[1622] A solution of
(1S,4R,6S,14S,18R)-(18-amino-4-cyclopropanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-2,15-dio-
xo-3,16-diaza-tricyclo[14.3.0.0.sup.4,6]nonadec-7-en-14-yl)-carbamic
acid tert-butyl ester (0.254 g, 0.44 mmol),
3-chloro-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (0.124 g, 0.54 mmol)
and DIEA (0.087 g, 0.67 mmol) were stirred together in DCM at room
temperature. After 1 h, the reaction was placed onto silica gel and
the product eluted as a white solid using a gradient of 1%
methanol/DCM to 5% methanol/DCM. .sup.1H NMR (C.sub.6D.sub.6, 400
MHz) .delta. 7.66-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.04-7.07 (m,
2H), 6.97 (t, 1H), 6.83 (bs, 1H), 5.61 (d, 1H), 5.18 (t, 1H), 5.05
(d, 1H), 4.48-4.50 (b, 1H), 4.26 (t, 1H), 3.8-4.0 (m, 1H),
3.65-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.35 (M, 1H), 2.78-2.85 (M, 1H), 2.55-2.65
(m, 1H), 2.3-2.4 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 1H),
1.20-1.40 (m, 16H), 0.95-1.15 (m, 5H) 0.4-0.5 (M, 1H), 0.25-0.35
(M, 1H); LCMS=662 (H.sup.+-Boc).
Examples 2-69
[1623] The following examples were made either following the
general procedures described for the synthesis of Example 1 by
substituting with the appropriate acid chloride or carboxylic
acid/HATU for 3-chloro-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride, or
following similar amide and acylsulfonamide coupling procedures as
described in Example 1 and in the synthesis of A, but adopting
route 2 of Scheme 3 instead.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 EXAMPLE STRUCTURE LCMS 2 ##STR00378##
672.0(H.sup.+) 3 ##STR00379## 700.0(H.sup.+) 4 ##STR00380##
705.9(H.sup.+) 5 ##STR00381## 773.7(H.sup.+) 6 ##STR00382##
702.0(H.sup.+) 7 ##STR00383## 701.9(H.sup.+) 8 ##STR00384##
769.9(H.sup.+) 9 ##STR00385## 696.9(H.sup.+) 10 ##STR00386##
696.9(H.sup.+) 11 ##STR00387## 715.0(H.sup.+) 12 ##STR00388##
736.1(H.sup.+) 13 ##STR00389## 716.1(H.sup.+) 14 ##STR00390##
758.1(H.sup.+) 15 ##STR00391## 707.9(H.sup.+) 16 ##STR00392##
739.8(H.sup.+) 17 ##STR00393## 750.0(H.sup.+) 18 ##STR00394##
714.9(H.sup.+) 19 ##STR00395## 746.3(-H) 20 ##STR00396##
738.2(H.sup.+) 21 ##STR00397## 706.2(H.sup.+ -Boc) 22 ##STR00398##
771.9(H.sup.+) 23 ##STR00399## 787.7(H.sup.+) 24 ##STR00400##
754.9(H.sup.+) 25 ##STR00401## 788.8(H.sup.+) 26 ##STR00402##
788.9(H.sup.+) 27 ##STR00403## 722.0(H.sup.+) 28 ##STR00404##
723.1(H.sup.+) 29 ##STR00405## 721.3(H.sup.+) 30 ##STR00406##
723.9(H.sup.+) 31 ##STR00407## 710.9(H.sup.+) 32 ##STR00408##
744.9(H.sup.+) 33 ##STR00409## 740.9(H.sup.+) 34 ##STR00410##
728.9(H.sup.+) 35 ##STR00411## 724.9(H.sup.+) 36 ##STR00412##
794.9(H.sup.+) 37 ##STR00413## 771.0(H.sup.+) 38 ##STR00414##
710.9(H.sup.+) 39 ##STR00415## 712.0(H.sup.+) 40 ##STR00416##
745.9(H.sup.+) 41 ##STR00417## 741.9(H.sup.+) 42 ##STR00418##
741.9(H.sup.+) 43 ##STR00419## 726.6(H.sup.-) 44 ##STR00420##
779.9(H.sup.+) 45 ##STR00421## 795.8(H.sup.+) 46 ##STR00422##
629.1(H.sup.+ -Boc) 47 ##STR00423## 712.0(H.sup.+) 48 ##STR00424##
774.0(H.sup.+) 49 ##STR00425## 761.0(H.sup.+) 50 ##STR00426##
786.0(H.sup.+) 51 ##STR00427## 760.1(H.sup.+) 52 ##STR00428##
760.1(H.sup.+) 53 ##STR00429## 800.1(H.sup.+) 54 ##STR00430##
727.1(H.sup.+) 55 ##STR00431## 779.0(H.sup.+) 56 ##STR00432##
714.1(H.sup.+) 57 ##STR00433## 782.0(H.sup.+) 58 ##STR00434##
781.2(H.sup.+) 59 ##STR00435## 624.9(H.sup.+) 60 ##STR00436##
569.0(H.sup.+) 61 ##STR00437## 599.0(H.sup.+) 62 ##STR00438##
619.0(H.sup.+) 63 ##STR00439## 608.0(H.sup.+) 64 ##STR00440##
658.9(H.sup.+) 65 ##STR00441## 676.9(H.sup.+) 66 ##STR00442##
609.0(H.sup.+) 67 ##STR00443## 620.0(H.sup.+) 68 ##STR00444##
597.0(H.sup.+) 69 ##STR00445## 666.9(H.sup.+)
NS3-NS4 Protease Assay
[1624] NS3 Complex Formation with NS4A-2.
[1625] Recombinant E. coli or Baculovirus full-length NS3 was
diluted to 3.33 .mu.M with assay buffer and transferred material to
an eppendorf tube and place in water bath in 4.degree. C.
refrigerator. The appropriate amount of NS4A-2 to 8.3 mM in assay
buffer was added to equal the volume of NS3 in step 2.1.1
(conversion factor -3.8 mg/272 .mu.L assay buffer). The material
was transferred to an eppendorf tube and place in water bath in
4.degree. C. refrigerator.
[1626] After equilibration to 4.degree. C., equal volumes of NS3
and NS4A-2 solutions were combined in an eppendorf tube, mix gently
with a manual pipettor, and incubate mixture for 15 minutes in the
4.degree. C. water bath. Final concentrations in the mixture are
1.67 .mu.M NS3, 4.15 mM NS4A-2 (2485-fold molar excess NS4A-2).
[1627] After 15 minutes at 4.degree. C., the NS3/NS4A-2 eppendorf
tube was removed and placed in a room temperature water bath for 10
minutes. NS3/NS4A-2 was alliquoted at appropriate volumes and store
at -80.degree. C. (E. coli NS3 run at 2 nM in assay, aliquot at 25
.mu.L. BV NS3 run at 3 nM in assay, aliquot at 30 .mu.L).
NS3 Inhibition Assay.
[1628] Sample compounds were dissolved to 10 mM in DMSO then
diluted to 2.5 mM (1:4) in DMSO. Typically, compounds were added to
an assay plate at 2.5 mM concentration, yielding upon dilution a
starting concentration of 50 microM in the assay inhibition curve.
Compounds were serial diluted in assay buffer to provide test
solutions at lower concentrations.
[1629] The E. coli. NS3/NS4A-2 was diluted to 4 nM NS3 (1:417.5 of
1.67 .mu.M stock-18 .mu.L 1.67 .mu.M stock+7497 .mu.L assay
buffer).
[1630] The BV NS3/NS4A-2 was diluted to 6 nM NS3 (1:278.3 of 1.67
.mu.M stock-24 .mu.L 1.67 .mu.M stock+6655 .mu.L assay buffer).
[1631] Using the manual multichannel pipettor, careful not to
introduce bubbles into the plate, add 50 .mu.L assay buffer to
wells A01-H01 of a black Costar 96-well polypropylene storage
plate.
[1632] Using the manual multichannel pipettor, careful not to
introduce bubbles into the plate, add 50 .mu.L of diluted
NS3/NS4A-2 from step 2.2.6 to wells A02-H12 of plate in step
2.2.7.
[1633] Using the manual multichannel pipettor, careful not to
introduce bubbles into the plate, transfer 25 .mu.L of the wells in
drug dilution plate in step 2.2.5 to corresponding wells in assay
plate in step 2.2.8. Change tips on multichannel pipettor for each
row of compounds transferred.
[1634] Using the manual multichannel pipettor, careful not to
introduce bubbles into the plate, mix the wells from the assay
plate in step 2.2.9 by aspirating and dispensing 35 .mu.L of the 75
.mu.L in each well five times. Change tips on multichannel pipettor
for each row of wells mixed.
[1635] Cover plate with a polystyrene plate lid and pre-incubate
the plate from step 2.2.10 containing NS3 protease and sample
compounds 10 minutes at room temperature.
[1636] While plate from step 2.2.11 is pre-incubating, dilute RETS1
substrate in a 15 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube.
[1637] Dilute RETS1 substrate to 8 .mu.M (1:80.75 of 646 .mu.M
stock-65 .mu.L 646 .mu.M stock+5184 .mu.L assay buffer).
[1638] After the plate in step is done pre-incubating, and using
the manual multichannel, add 25 .mu.L of substrate to all wells on
the plate. Quickly mix the plate as in step 2.2.10, mixing 65 .mu.L
of the 100 .mu.L in the wells.
[1639] Read the plate in kinetic mode on the Molecular Devices
SpectraMax Gemini XS plate reader. Reader settings: Read time: 30
minutes, Interval: 36 seconds, Reads: 51, Excitation .lamda.: 335
nm, Emission .lamda.: 495 nm, cutoff: 475 nm, Automix: off,
Calibrate: once, PMT: high, Reads/well: 6, Vmax pts: 21 or 28/51
depending on length of linearity of reaction.
[1640] IC.sub.50s are determined using a four parameter curve fit
equation, and converted to Ki's using the following Km's:
[1641] Full-length E. coli NS3--2.03 .mu.M
[1642] Full-length BV NS3--1.74 .mu.M
where Ki=IC.sub.50/(1+[S]/Km))
Examples of Activity:
[1643] Wherein:
[1644] A indicates an IC50 of less than 10 .mu.M
[1645] B indicates an IC50 of less than 1 .mu.M
[1646] and C indicates an IC50 of less the 0.1 .mu.M
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 NS3-NS4 Example # IC50 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6
C 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 14 C 15 C 16 C 17 C 18 C 19 C 20
C 21 C 22 C 23 C 24 C 25 C 26 C 27 C 28 C 29 C 30 C 31 C 32 C 33 C
34 C 35 C 36 C 37 C 38 C 39 C 40 C 41 C 42 C 43 C 44 C 45 C 46 C 47
C 48 49 C 50 C 51 C 52 C 53 C 54 C 55 C 56 C 57 C 58 C 59 A 60 A 61
A 62 B 63 B 64 B 65 B 66 B 67 A 68 A 69 A
Synthetic Intermediates
[1647] Certain intermediates from the synthetic schemes are
encompassed within embodiments. Examples of useful intermediates
are shown below.
[1648] A compound having the formula:
##STR00446##
[1649] wherein:
[1650] Q is a core ring selected from:
##STR00447##
[1651] wherein the core ring can be unsubstituted or substituted
with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, substituted
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.6 or 10 aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, thienyl,
furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, phenoxy, thiophenoxy, sulphonamido,
urea, thiourea, amido, keto, carboxyl, carbamyl, sulphide,
sulphoxide, sulphone, amino, alkoxyamino, alkyoxyheterocyclyl,
alkylamino, alkylcarboxy, carbonyl, spirocyclic cyclopropyl,
spirocyclic cyclobutyl, spirocyclic cyclopentyl, or spirocyclic
cyclohexyl,
[1652] or Q is R.sup.1-R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridine,
pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene,
thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole,
naphthyl, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole,
benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, benzimidazole, each optionally
substituted with up to three NR.sup.6R.sup.7, halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro; and R.sup.2 is H, phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine,
pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, thiazole,
oxazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, isothiazole, naphthyl,
quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, benzothiazole,
benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, benzimidazole, each optionally
substituted with up to three NR.sup.6R.sup.7, halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[1653] R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, said phenyl or
benzyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[1654] R.sup.5 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
or (CO)CHR.sup.21NH(CO)R.sup.22;
[1655] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[1656] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, or phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is
optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5
fluoro groups; or R.sup.8 is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through
the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or
R.sup.8 is a tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydropyranyl ring;
[1657] Y is COOR.sup.9, wherein R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
[1658] V is selected from O, S, or NH;
[1659] when V is O or S, W is selected from O, NR.sup.15, or
CR.sup.15; when V is NH, W is selected from NR.sup.15 or CR.sup.15,
where R.sup.15 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl or C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally
substituted with up to 5 fluoro;
[1660] the dashed line represents an optional double bond;
[1661] R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or phenyl; or R.sup.21 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.21 is pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
phenoxy, or thiophenoxy; and
[1662] R.sup.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or phenyl.
[1663] A compound having the formula:
##STR00448##
[1664] wherein:
[1665] R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, said phenyl or
benzyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro,
hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy,
hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted
with up to 5 fluoro;
[1666] R.sup.5 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C(O)NR.sup.6R.sup.7,
C(S)NR.sup.6R.sup.7, C(O)R.sup.8, C(O)OR.sup.8, S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
or (CO)CHR.sup.21NH(CO)R.sup.22;
[1667] R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each independently H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, or phenyl,
said phenyl optionally substituted by up to three halo, cyano,
nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or
C.sub.1-6 alkoxy optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are taken together with the nitrogen to which
they are attached to form indolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
piperazinyl, or morpholinyl;
[1668] R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10
alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted from one to
three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or
phenyl; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.8 is C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro groups; or R.sup.8
is a tetrahydrofuran ring linked through the C.sub.3 or C.sub.4
position of the tetrahydrofuran ring; or R.sup.8 is a
tetrahydropyranyl ring linked through the C.sub.4 position of the
tetrahydropyranyl ring;
[1669] Y is COOR.sup.9, wherein R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
[1670] V is selected from OH, SH, or NH.sub.2;
[1671] the dashed line represents an optional double bond;
[1672] R.sup.21 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro,
or phenyl; or R.sup.21 is C.sub.6 or 10 aryl which is optionally
substituted by up to three halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy
optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro; or R.sup.21 is pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,
phenoxy, or thiophenoxy; and
[1673] R.sup.22 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, which are all optionally substituted
from one to three times with halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-6
alkyl optionally substituted with up to 5 fluoro, or phenyl.
Metabolites
[1674] Certain embodiments are metabolites of compounds of the
formulas I-XIX. In some cases, the metabolites are themselves
compounds of the formulas I-XIX. Examples of useful metabolites are
shown below.
[1675] Metabolites of the compounds of the formulas I-XIX may be
identified by the following procedure:
[1676] 1. Suspend Hepatocytes in supplemented KHB (Krebs-Henseleit
Buffer @ pH 7.3) at a density of approximately 2.times.10.sup.6
viable hepatocytes per ml.
[1677] 2. Prepare stock solutions (20 .mu.M) of ITMN-187 and
ITMN-191 in KHB.
[1678] 3. Add 50 .mu.l of ITMN-187 or ITMN-191 to 50 .mu.l of
hepatocyte suspension in a 96-well polypropylene plate. Final
concentration of substrate is 10 .mu.M (.about.7 .mu.g/mL).
[1679] 4. Incubate plate at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 in a
saturating humidity for 0 or 2 hours.
[1680] 5. Terminate reaction with 100 .mu.l acetonitrile and shake
plate at 700 rpm for 30 seconds.
[1681] 6. Spin plates immediately in a centrifuge (1,500.times.g)
for 10 min to pellet the denatured hepatocytes.
[1682] 7. Transfer 180 .mu.l of supernatant to another plate.
[1683] 8. Pool wells, evaporate solvent with N.sub.2 at 37.degree.
C., reconstitute residue in 75/25 water/acetonitrile, v/v and
analyze by LC-MS/MS.
[1684] While the present invention has been described with
reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should be
understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be
made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the
true spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many
modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation,
material, composition of matter, process, process step or steps, to
the objective, spirit and scope of the present invention. All such
modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims
appended hereto.
Sequence CWU 1
1
2112PRTHepatitis C Virus 1Asp Leu Glu Val Val Thr Ser Thr Trp Val
Leu Val1 5 10228PRTHuman 2Ser Asp Ala Ala Val Asp Thr Ser Ser Glu
Ile Thr Thr Lys Asp Leu1 5 10 15Lys Glu Lys Lys Glu Val Val Glu Glu
Ala Glu Asn20 25
* * * * *