U.S. patent number RE46,325 [Application Number 14/639,335] was granted by the patent office on 2017-02-28 for led-based dental exam lamp with variable chromaticity.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kavo Dental Technologies, LLC. The grantee listed for this patent is Kavo Dental Technologies, LLC. Invention is credited to Tom Benfeld, Joe Bria, Nabil Dagher, John Helgesen, Nathan Hemmer, Wei Li, H. Thomas Lockamy, Daniel B. Manglicmot, Jason W. Spencer, Robert St. Louis, Jamie Swayne, Austin Unsworth, Ted Von Badinski.
United States Patent |
RE46,325 |
Swayne , et al. |
February 28, 2017 |
**Please see images for:
( Reexamination Certificate ) ** |
LED-based dental exam lamp with variable chromaticity
Abstract
An electrically powered light source including a light emitting
diode (LED) having variable chromaticity, which is adapted for use
in a dental operatory. A dental operatory lamp includes a thermally
conductive housing having a front directed toward the operating
area and a rear away from the operating area; a generally
elliptical reflector located on the rear of the thermally
conductive housing; at least one heat pipe; a plurality of color
LEDs projecting light toward the elliptical reflector, the
plurality of LEDs being in thermal contact with the at least one
heat pipe; and an optical light guide for combining light from said
LEDs. Another embodiment of the lamp includes at least two user
selectable light spectra, one of said spectra providing white light
with color temperature in the range 4000.degree. K-6000.degree. K
and one spectra having reduced output in the wavelength range
400-500 nm.
Inventors: |
Swayne; Jamie (Lake Zurich,
IL), Lockamy; H. Thomas (Monroe, NC), Dagher; Nabil
(Charlotte, NC), Li; Wei (South Barrington, IL), Bria;
Joe (Waxhaw, NC), St. Louis; Robert (Charlotte, NC),
Helgesen; John (Rock Hill, SC), Von Badinski; Ted
(Indian Trail, NC), Benfeld; Tom (York, SC), Unsworth;
Austin (Fort Mill, SC), Hemmer; Nathan (Newberg, OR),
Spencer; Jason W. (Charlotte, NC), Manglicmot; Daniel B.
(Pineville, NC) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Kavo Dental Technologies, LLC |
Charlotte |
NC |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Kavo Dental Technologies, LLC
(Charlotte, NC)
|
Family
ID: |
40523062 |
Appl.
No.: |
14/639,335 |
Filed: |
March 5, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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12287481 |
Sep 13, 2011 |
8016470 |
|
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11867876 |
Oct 5, 2007 |
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11120170 |
Sep 16, 2008 |
7425077 |
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Reissue of: |
13231221 |
Sep 13, 2011 |
8388205 |
Mar 5, 2013 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21V
13/04 (20130101); F21V 29/507 (20150115); F21V
29/51 (20150115); F21V 29/89 (20150115); F21V
29/83 (20150115); F21V 13/04 (20130101); F21V
29/74 (20150115); F21V 7/08 (20130101); F21V
7/0008 (20130101); F21W 2131/202 (20130101); F21W
2131/202 (20130101); F21Y 2115/10 (20160801) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
7/00 (20060101); F21S 8/00 (20060101); F21V
13/04 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;362/573,804 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1019970 |
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1260196 |
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Nov 2002 |
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EP |
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1389710 |
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Feb 2004 |
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1690302 |
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Aug 2006 |
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1767967 |
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Mar 2007 |
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1741975 |
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Oct 2007 |
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EP |
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4187414 |
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Nov 2008 |
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JP |
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99/16136 |
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Apr 1999 |
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WO |
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00/35402 |
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Jun 2000 |
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WO |
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0067048 |
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Sep 2000 |
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WO |
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2005/057669 |
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Jun 2005 |
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WO |
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2006/092697 |
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Sep 2006 |
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WO |
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2009/045223 |
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Apr 2009 |
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WO |
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Other References
Walsh, Laurence J., LED operating lights in dental practice,
Australasian Dental Practice, May/Jun. 2009, pp. 48-54. cited by
applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Menefee; James
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Michael Best & Friedrich
LLP
Parent Case Text
RELATED U.S. APPLICATION DATA
This application is a .Iadd.reissue of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 13/231,221, filed Sep. 13, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,388,205,
which is a .Iaddend.continuation of application Ser. No.
12/287,481, filed Oct. 8, 2008, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.
8,016,470, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
11/867,876, filed Oct. 5, 2007, now abandoned, which is a
continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 11/120,170, filed May
2, 2005, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,425,077, to which priority
is claimed under 35 USC 120. The disclosures of the previously
referenced U.S. patent applications are hereby incorporated herein
by reference in its entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A dental operatory lamp used to illuminate an operating area
comprising: a plurality of color LEDs; an optical light guide for
combining light from said LEDs; and at least two user selectable
light spectra, one of said spectra providing white light with color
temperature in the range 4000.degree. K-6000.degree. K and one
spectra having reduced output in the wavelength range 400-500
nm.
2. The dental operatory lamp of claim 1, wherein the user
selectable light spectra comprises varying ratios of at least three
colors emanating from the color LEDs.
3. The dental operatory lamp of claim 1, wherein the user
selectable light spectra comprises various ratios of red, blue,
green, and amber light emanating from the color LEDs.
4. A dental operatory lamp used to illuminate an operating area
comprising: a housing having a front directed toward the operating
area and a rear away from the operating area; a reflector module
located at the rear of the housing; a plurality of color light
emitting diodes (LEDs) on the reflector module; .[.and.]. an
optical light guide configured to direct the light from the color
LEDs toward the front of the lamp in a pattern that focuses white
light from the lamp to a central area of illumination of high
intensity, with significantly reduced intensity illumination
outside the central area.Iadd.; an attachment structure disposed on
the housing; and a suspension structure connected to the attachment
structure and arranged to suspend the lamp in a dental
operatory.Iaddend..
5. The dental operatory lamp of claim 4, wherein the optical light
guide produces at least three operating modes with different light
characteristics.
6. The dental operatory lamp of claim 4, wherein the lamp produces
white light with coordinated color temperatures of between
4000.degree. K and 6000.degree. K and maintaining a color rendering
index in excess of 75.
7. The dental operatory lamp of claim 4, wherein .[.the.]. .Iadd.a
.Iaddend.user selectable light spectra comprises various ratios of
red, blue, or green, or amber light emanating from the color
LEDs.
8. A dental operatory lamp used to illuminate an operating area
comprising: a housing having a front directed toward the operating
area and a rear away from the operating area; a reflector module
located in the housing; and a plurality of color light emitting
diodes (LEDs) on the reflector module, wherein said lamp comprises
different operating modes comprising a first operating mode having
light characteristics for curing of a dental adhesive and a second
operating mode having light characteristics that do not cure the
dental adhesive.
9. The dental operatory lamp of claim 8, wherein said first
operating mode comprises a cool white mode or a warm white
mode.
10. The dental operatory lamp of claim 9, wherein said cool white
mode comprises producing a light spectra in the range of 4000-6000
degrees K.
11. The dental operatory lamp of claim 9, wherein said warm white
mode comprises producing a light spectra in the range of 4000-6000
degrees K.
12. The dental operatory lamp of claim 9, wherein said cool white
mode and warm white mode comprise producing a light spectra with 70
or greater color rendering index.
13. The dental operatory lamp of claim 8, wherein said second
operating mode comprises light having flux below 500 nm.
14. The dental operatory lamp of claim 8, further comprising a
light guide for combining light from said LEDs.
15. The dental operatory lamp of claim 14, wherein said light guide
is configured to direct light from said LEDs toward the front of
said housing.
16. The dental operatory lamp of claim 8, wherein said plurality of
color LEDs comprises LEDs that emit at least three colors.
17. The dental operatory lamp of claim 16, wherein said at least
three colors comprises at least three of blue, green, amber, or
red.
18. The dental operatory lamp of claim 17, wherein said at least
three colors comprises blue, green, amber, and red.
19. The dental operatory lamp of claim 8, wherein said different
operating modes comprise at least two user selectable light
spectra, one of said spectra providing white light with color
temperature in the range 4000.degree. K-6000.degree. K and one
spectra having reduced output in the wavelength range 400-500
nm.
.Iadd.20. A dental examination lamp comprising: a housing; a
plurality of tubes within the housing and arranged in a generally
side-by-side configuration, each tube having an interior, a first
end, and a second end, the second end open to the transmission of
light from the interior of the tube, each tube being absorptive,
generally non-reflective, or both absorptive and generally
non-reflective; a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs), each
of the LEDs being arranged to direct light through at least part of
one of the tubes and out of the lamp an attachment structure
disposed on the housing; and a suspension structure connected to
the attachment structure and arranged to suspend the lamp in a
dental operatory..Iaddend.
.Iadd.21. The lamp of claim 20, wherein the plurality of tubes are
positioned with their longitudinal axes aligned to direct light
toward predetermined points to form a predetermined light pattern
within an examination area..Iaddend.
.Iadd.22. The lamp of claim 20, further comprising a plurality of
lenses, with at least one lens per tube located proximate to the
second end thereof and adapted to direct the light from the
plurality of LEDs out of the lamp in a pattern that casts
illumination over an examination area..Iaddend.
.Iadd.23. The lamp of claim 20, further comprising a lens member at
a front of the lamp presenting a plurality of individual lens
sections over a face thereof arranged in a pattern corresponding to
the position of the plurality of tubes, each lens section being
aligned with a respective tube and adapted to direct light from
that tube out of the lamp in a pattern that casts illumination over
an examination area..Iaddend.
.Iadd.24. The lamp of claim 20, further comprising a collimating
element arranged to collimate light emanating from an
LED..Iaddend.
.Iadd.25. The lamp of claim 20, further comprising a lens adapted
to color the light directed out of the lamp..Iaddend.
.Iadd.26. The lamp of claim 20, wherein an interior surface of at
least one of the plurality of tubes is black..Iaddend.
.Iadd.27. The lamp of claim 20, wherein the plurality of tubes
includes at least five tubes..Iaddend.
.Iadd.28. The lamp of claim 20, wherein the plurality of tubes
includes at least five columns of tubes..Iaddend.
.Iadd.29. The lamp of claim 20, wherein an interior surface of at
least one of the plurality of tubes is absorptive..Iaddend.
.Iadd.30. The lamp of claim 20 wherein the light has reduced output
at wavelengths that cure adhesives or composites..Iaddend.
.Iadd.31. A dental examination lamp comprising: a housing; a
plurality of stray light tubes within the housing, each of the
plurality of stray light tubes adapted to reduce emission of stray
light rays outside a target footprint; a plurality of light
emitting diodes (LEDs), at least one LED for each stray light tube,
wherein the plurality of stray light tubes is arranged in a
generally side-by-side configuration; an attachment structure
disposed on the housing; and a suspension structure connected to
the attachment structure and arranged to suspend the lamp in a
dental operatory..Iaddend.
.Iadd.32. The lamp of claim 31, wherein at least one of the stray
light tubes comprises an absorptive or generally non-reflective
interior surface..Iaddend.
.Iadd.33. The lamp of claim 31, further comprising a collimating
element arranged to collimate light emanating from at least one of
the plurality of LEDs..Iaddend.
.Iadd.34. The lamp of claim 31, wherein the plurality of stray
light tubes are positioned with their longitudinal axes aligned
toward predetermined points to direct the light from the plurality
of LEDs out of the lamp to form a predetermined light pattern
within an examination area..Iaddend.
.Iadd.35. The lamp of claim 31, further comprising a plurality of
lenses, each located at an end of a stray light tube, the plurality
of lenses adapted to direct the light from the plurality of LEDs
out of the lamp in a predetermined pattern that casts illumination
over an examination area..Iaddend.
.Iadd.36. The lamp of claim 35, wherein the plurality of stray
light tubes and the plurality of lenses form a plurality of
assemblies, each assembly adapted to direct light passing through
the assembly..Iaddend.
.Iadd.37. The lamp of claim 31, further comprising a lens adapted
to color light emanating from at least one of the plurality of
LEDs..Iaddend.
.Iadd.38. The lamp of claim 31, wherein an interior surface of at
least one of the plurality of stray light tubes is
black..Iaddend.
.Iadd.39. The lamp of claim 31, wherein the plurality of stray
light tubes includes at least five tubes..Iaddend.
.Iadd.40. The lamp of claim 31, wherein the plurality of stray
light tubes includes at least five columns of tubes..Iaddend.
.Iadd.41. A dental examination lamp, comprising: a housing; a
plurality of tubes mechanically coupled to the housing and arranged
in a generally side-by-side configuration, each tube having an
interior, a first end, and a second end, the second end of each
tube being open to transmission of light from the interior of the
tube, each tube being optically absorptive, generally
non-reflective, or both optically absorptive and generally
non-reflective; a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs), each
of the LEDs being arranged to direct light through at least part of
one of the tubes and out of a front of the lamp; an attachment
structure disposed on the housing; and a suspension structure
connected to the attachment structure and arranged to suspend the
lamp in a dental operatory..Iaddend.
.Iadd.42. The lamp of claim 41, further comprising a lens adapted
to color light emanating from at least one of the plurality of
LEDs..Iaddend.
.Iadd.43. The lamp of claim 41, wherein an interior surface of at
least one of the plurality of tubes is black..Iaddend.
.Iadd.44. The lamp of claim 41, wherein the plurality of tubes
includes at least five tubes..Iaddend.
.Iadd.45. The lamp of claim 41, wherein the plurality of tubes
includes at least five columns of tubes..Iaddend.
.Iadd.46. A method of illuminating a dental operating area, the
method comprising: providing a dental operatory lamp, the dental
operatory lamp including a plurality of stray light tubes adapted
to reduce emission of stray light rays outside a target footprint,
the plurality of tubes arranged in a generally side-by-side
configuration, and at least one light emitting diode (LED) arranged
to direct light through each stray light tube and out of the lamp;
providing an attachment structure disposed on the lamp; providing a
suspension structure connected to the attachment structure; by the
suspension structure, suspending the lamp in a dental operatory
generating light via each of the at least one LEDs; and
illuminating a patient's mouth with the light..Iaddend.
.Iadd.47. The method of claim 46 wherein providing the dental
operatory lamp comprises providing a plurality of stray light tubes
with an absorptive surface..Iaddend.
.Iadd.48. The method of claim 46, further comprising providing a
collimating element to collimate light emanating from at least one
of the plurality of LEDs..Iaddend.
.Iadd.49. The method of claim 46, further comprising providing the
plurality of stray light tubes with their longitudinal axes aligned
toward predetermined points to direct the light from the plurality
of LEDs out of the lamp to form a predetermined light pattern
within an examination area..Iaddend.
.Iadd.50. The method of claim 46, further comprising providing a
plurality of lenses, each at an end of a stray light tube, the
plurality of lenses adapted to direct the light from the plurality
of LEDs out of the lamp in a predetermined pattern that casts
illumination over an examination area..Iaddend.
.Iadd.51. The method of claim 50, further comprising providing a
plurality of assemblies from the plurality of tubes and the
plurality of lenses and dispersing light passing through each
assembly..Iaddend.
.Iadd.52. The method of claim 46, further comprising modifying a
color of light emanating from at least one of the plurality of LEDs
via a lens..Iaddend.
.Iadd.53. The method of claim 46, wherein each of the plurality of
tubes has an interior surface and the interior surface of at least
one of the plurality of tubes is black..Iaddend.
.Iadd.54. The method of claim 46, wherein the plurality of tubes
includes at least five tubes..Iaddend.
.Iadd.55. The method of claim 46, wherein the plurality of tubes
includes at least five columns of tubes..Iaddend.
.Iadd.56. The method of claim 46 wherein providing the dental
operatory lamp comprises providing a plurality of stray light tubes
with a generally non-reflective surface..Iaddend.
.Iadd.57. The method of claim 46 wherein illuminating a patient's
mouth comprises aiming the light at the patient's mouth while
reducing stray light entering the patient's eyes..Iaddend.
.Iadd.58. The method of claim 46 wherein the illuminating step
comprises illuminating the patient's mouth with light having
reduced output at wavelengths that cure adhesives or
composites..Iaddend.
.Iadd.59. The method of claim 46 wherein the illuminating step
comprises selecting from a plurality of light spectra a light
spectrum with reduced output at wavelengths that cure adhesives or
composites..Iaddend.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to apparatus that produce visible light. It
is particularly directed to an electrically powered light source
including a light emitting diode (LED) having variable
chromaticity, which is adapted for use in a dental operatory.
BACKGROUND
It has been known for an extended period of time that electricity
may be harnessed to create visible light. Incandescent light
emitting elements powered by electricity have been used for
substantially the same period of time. However, such incandescent
lights suffer from an inefficient conversion of electricity to
visible light. The inefficient conversion process causes production
of a considerable amount of heat, and emission of a significant
amount of radiation in, or near, the infrared spectrum. Such
infrared emission inherently casts a heat load onto a target along
with an illuminating beam. The heat generated by incandescent
lighting may sometimes place an undesirable burden on environmental
control systems, such as cooling systems used in dwellings. Both
the inefficient conversion process, and removing the undesired heat
load from the area near the light, lead to a correspondingly larger
than necessary electric utility bill. Furthermore, in use on an
operatory to illuminate an operating site on a patient, the
infrared emissions may undesirably dry illuminated tissue, or may
produce a feeling of discomfort in the patient.
Alternative light emitting elements include fluorescent light
bulbs. Such fluorescent bulbs advantageously produce a reduced heat
load compared to incandescent bulbs. However, fluorescent bulbs
tend to be bulky, and generally produce light of a less desirable
color and intensity for many applications. Furthermore, certain
electrical components required in the electric circuit powering the
fluorescent bulbs, such as the ballast, tend to produce an
undesirable amount of noise. In use in an operatory, it is
generally desired to reduce the bulk of a lamp fixture, to reduce
its intrusion into the operating arena, and to facilitate ease of
manipulation of the lamp fixture.
The majority of currently marketed dental exam lights use
incandescent bulbs as light sources. These incandescent dental exam
lights possess a number of disadvantages, such as: emission of
infra-red (IR) radiation that must be removed with filters or
so-called `cold-mirrors` to prevent excessive warming of the
patient and user; relatively short bulb lifetime; inability of the
user to adjust light color temperature and chromaticity of light;
color temperature becoming lower and the light becoming "warmer"
(i.e., shifting from white to orange/red), when light intensity is
reduced (dimmed); and production of significant ultraviolet (UV)
and blue light which causes undesired and uncontrolled curing of
dental composites and adhesives.
It would be an improvement to provide a more energy-efficient lamp
fixture capable of producing a reduced heat load, and casting
illumination having a desirable color and intensity that can be
adjusted to obtain desirable spectra in a single lamp.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A particular embodiment of the invention includes a dental
operatory lamp used to illuminate an operating area which comprises
a thermally conductive housing having a front directed toward the
operating area and a rear away from the operating area; a generally
elliptical reflector located on the rear of the thermally
conductive housing; at least one heat pipe; a plurality of color
LEDs projecting light toward the elliptical reflector, the
plurality of LEDs being in thermal contact with the at least one
heat pipe; and an optical light guide for combining light from said
LEDs.
Another embodiment of the invention is drawn to a dental operatory
lamp used to illuminate an operating area that includes: a
plurality of color LEDs; an optical light guide for combining light
from said LEDs; and at least two user selectable light spectra, one
of said spectra providing white light with color temperature in the
range 4000.degree. K-6000.degree. K and one spectra having reduced
output in the wavelength range 400-500 nm.
Yet another embodiment of the invention relates to a dental
operatory lamp used to illuminate an operating area that includes:
a housing having a front directed toward the operating area and a
rear away from the operating area; a reflector module located at
the rear of the housing; a plurality of color light emitting diodes
(LEDs) on the reflector module; and an optical light guide
configured to direct the light from the color LEDs toward the front
of the lamp in a pattern that focuses white light from the lamp to
a central area of illumination of high intensity, with
significantly reduced intensity illumination outside the central
area.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing
out and distinctly claiming that which is regarded as the present
invention, this invention can be more readily understood and
appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art from the following
description of the invention when read in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dental operatory lamp according
to a particular embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a component arrangement and a representative LED
light output in a dental operatory lamp;
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of an optical light guide in a
dental operatory lamp of the invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a representative illumination pattern for the
dental operatory lamp according to one embodiment of the invention;
.[.and.].
FIG. 5 is a cross-section of a light module having a reflective
interior reflective surface according to a particular embodiment of
the invention.Iadd.;.Iaddend.
.Iadd.FIG. 6 is a side view representation of a dental operatory
lamp constructed according to principles of the
invention;.Iaddend.
.Iadd.FIG. 7 illustrates a component arrangement and a
corresponding light output for a module;.Iaddend.
.Iadd.FIG. 8 is a cross-section taken along an axis of a light
module constructed according to principles of the
invention;.Iaddend.
.Iadd.FIG. 9 is an end view of a first collimating lens used in
certain embodiments of the invention;.Iaddend.
.Iadd.FIG. 10 is a cross-section taken through section 5-5 in FIG.
9 and looking in the direction of the arrows; and.Iaddend.
.Iadd.FIG. 11 is a cross-section, similar to FIG. 10, taken through
a second, alternative, collimating lens.Iaddend..
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Although the foregoing description contains many specifics, these
should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present
invention, but merely as providing illustrations of some
representative embodiments. Similarly, other embodiments of the
invention may be devised that do not depart from the spirit or
scope of the present invention. Features from different embodiments
may be employed in combination.
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a current embodiment of
the invention, generally indicated at 100, of a light source
structure constructed according to principles of the invention.
Light source structure 100 may generally be characterized as a
lamp. Lamp 100 is powered by electricity, and functions to provide
illumination to a work area disposed a distance from the lamp
front, generally indicated at 102. Desirably, the work area
illuminated by lamp 100 is shadow-free, and appears relatively
uniform in illumination color and intensity. For most applications,
the illuminated target work area is considered to have an
approximately flat footprint and a depth normal to that footprint.
That is, the illuminated region is generally structured to
encompass a volume disposed proximate the footprint.
Illustrated lamp 100 can include an attachment structure (not
shown) operable to connect lamp 100 to suspension structure in the
work area. Such an attachment structure is typically attached at a
back 106 of lamp 100, although any convenient arrangement is
operable. Typical suspension structure in a dental operatory
permits a user to orient the lamp in space operably to aim the
light output of lamp 100 at the desired target area. Certain
embodiments of the invention provide a lamp having reduced weight
and/or intrusive volume compared to commercially available lamps.
Such reduced weight lamps permit a corresponding reduction in mass
of the lamp suspension arrangement, thereby increasing ease of
manipulation of the lamp to orient its output toward a target.
In use in an environment such as a dental operatory, a front shield
(not shown) can be provided as a protective cover to block
migration of dust and contaminated aerosols into the lamp interior.
A front surface of such a shield may be structured to provide an
easily cleanable surface, whereby to maintain sterility of the
operatory area. In certain embodiments, the shield may incorporate
one or more lenses to focus, or otherwise modify, the light output
of lamp 100. Whether or not a focusing lens is provided, a shield
made from Lexan.RTM., or other similar optically useful and
formable material, can be provided to completely encase the front
of a dental lamp to resist contamination of, and to facilitate
cleaning of, the lamp. The shield may be injection molded and may
include focusing lenses. Desirably, the shield, or a portion of
lamp housing 114, can be hinged, or otherwise openable by a user,
to provide access to the interior of lamp 100 for maintenance or
replacement of a light generating element.
With reference to FIG. 2, an LED 118 emits light indicated by a
plurality of rays 120. An operable LED can include a 3 watt LED,
such as that sold by Lumileds Lighting US, LLC under the Brand name
Luxeon, part number LXHL-LW3C.
Typically, a reflective element, generally indicated at 116, is
provided to direct the LED's light output toward a target. In a
particular embodiment, reflective element 116 can be a concave
aspheric reflector which collects the light emanating from the
mixing rod and focuses it onto the plane of the patient's face
("image plane"). The reflector surface contour can be a simple 2D
ellipse section revolved around the central optical axis. A
focusing lens 122 may be included in an arrangement effective to
collimate rays 120 and further direct them to an illuminated area
indicated at 126. In certain embodiments of the invention, area 126
corresponds to the target footprint of the lamp 100. In such case,
it is desired that the illumination emitted from each module 108 is
substantially uniform over area 126. Certain rays 128 may be
emitted in a direction other than desired for impingement on area
126. Such rays 128 are characterized as stray light. As indicated
by the illustrated collection of rays 120, area 126 sometimes has a
higher intensity of illumination at its center, and may fade to a
decreased intensity near its perimeter, as discussed with reference
to FIG. 4. In another embodiment, the LED 118, mirror 122, and all
associated optics are arranged in harmony to produce a
substantially uniform intensity over its illuminated footprint at a
selected focal distance.
LEDs 118 are typically mounted onto a bracket 112 associated with
lamp housing 114. Desirably, the bracket 112 assembly is structured
to provide simple and rapid installation and removal of LED 118,
and includes connection structure for the electricity supplied to
the LED and may further include a metal core circuit board 130. It
is further desirable for bracket 112 to be formed from a material
capable of conducting heat or, alternatively, to be associated with
heat conducting pipes 134. Advantageously, bracket 112 and/or heat
pipe 134, together with housing 132 may be structured and arranged
to dissipate any heat generated by LED 118 in a direction away from
the front 102 of the lamp 100. In some embodiments, use of heat
pipe 134 is particularly desirable since a large heat sink
positioned directly behind the metal core board with the
heat-generating LEDs may significantly obscure the light focusing
onto the image plane. Through use of a heat pipe 134 or equivalent
structure, the heat can be conducted away via heat pipes 134 to a
heat sink housing positioned on the back of the reflector where it
does not obscure the light. An exemplary heat sink housing can
include heat sink fins 142. The heat sink fins 142 can be integral
with the outer housing of the lamp and constructed of any heat
conducting or dissipating material, such as cast aluminum. To
increase cooling, a fan can be used to draw air into a gap 144
between the reflector and the heat sink housing. To maximize
surface area and thus cooling, the inside of the heat sink/housing
includes fins or ribs 142 that form air channels therebetween.
In order to produce homogenous light from multiple LEDs of
different colors (for example, red, greed, blue, and amber), the
light emitting from each individual LED should sufficiently overlap
the light from all the other LEDs. In a particular embodiment, a
clear rectangular rod made of acrylic serves this function and is
referred to herein as an optical light guide or a light mixing rod
136. It is understood that the mixing rod 136 can be made out of
any suitable material capable of acting as an optical light guide.
The performance of the mixing rod 136 can be significantly enhanced
with the addition of periodic features or "ripples" 150 on the
outside walls of the mixing rod, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. As
illustrated in FIG. 3, light from multiple LEDs of different colors
154 (e.g., red, green, blue, and/or amber) are introduced through
one end of the mixing rod 136 and emanate from another end of the
mixing rod 136 as a composite white light 158. One particular
embodiment combines the light from four different colored LEDs
(red, blue, green, and amber) to produce white light. By varying
the ratios of the different colors, the character of the white
light can be changed. Specifically, white light with coordinated
color temperatures (CCTs) of 4200.degree. K and 5000.degree. K can
be produced while maintaining a high color rendering index (CRI),
typically in excess of 75. Blue light typically occurs in the peak
wavelength range of 445 nm to 465 nm. Green light typically occurs
in the dominant wavelength range of 520 nm to 550 nm, amber light
in the range of 584 nm to 597 nm, and red light in the range of 613
nm to 645 nm. A rod support 138 can be used to secure mixing rod
136 in place.
Multiple LEDs of each color can be mounted using reflow surface
mount techniques to achieve optimum optical density. In a
particular embodiment, a conventional metal core board (MCB) 130
can be used. Alternatively, a conventional fiberglass laminate
(FR4) printed circuit board (PCB) material can be used. LEDs,
particularly red and amber LEDs, have the characteristic that their
light output decreases significantly as their temperature raises.
Heat management can be critical to maintaining optimum light output
and therefore the proper ratios of light intensity to maintain the
desired CCT and CRI.
The lamp 100 of the present invention includes a number of
different operating modes which provide different light
characteristics, as described in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Nominal Approximate relative CCT peak
intensity Mode (.degree. K.) CRI Blue Green Amber Red Comments
"Cool 5,000 70+ 0.72 0.70 0.75 1.00 Meets European white" user
preference for cooler white light. "Warm 4,200 70+ 1.00 0.80 0.75
1.00 Meets US user white" preference for warmer white light. "No-
N/A N/A ~0 0.30 0.60 1.00 Greatly reduced cure" flux below 500 nm
will not cure dental adhesives.
In this design, the ratios of the four colors are controlled with a
variation of pulsed width modulation of the current. During the
assembly and test of the lamp 100, each color is independently
characterized for peak wavelength, spectral spread (full width half
max), and illuminance (lux) at the image plane at a predetermined
maximum current. Using test software based on both theoretical and
empirical predictions, these values are used to generate a table of
duty cycles for each wavelength at each of the three operating
conditions: 4200K, 5000K, and "No guide" modes at start up (board
temperature equal to ambient temperature). These tables then can be
stored on an electronic memory device (chip) that matches the
serial number of the lamp. The PWM controller then looks up the
duty cycle table on the memory chip and sets the duty cycles
accordingly when the lamp is first started. At this time, the test
software algorithm can also produce and store duty cycle tables for
the full range of operating board temperatures, as discussed in
more detail below.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, temperature
compensation or measurement may be included. Since each color LED
has a different sensitivity to heat, a compensation algorithm can
be used to set the drive current values for each color as a
function of temperature. The compensation algorithm may be adapted
to assume that LEDs of a given color do not exhibit significant
differences in temperature sensitivity. As a result, each lamp need
not be characterized thermally but rather may depend on the
theoretical and empirically determined temperature relationships in
the algorithm. A thermistor on the LED circuit board may also be
included to measure actual board temperature from which the LED
temperature can be derived, based on previously determined
empirical values, and the current to each LED color can be adjusted
accordingly by software.
In another embodiment, a dental operatory lamp used to illuminate
an operating area comprises a housing having a front directed
toward the operating area and a rear away from the operating area,
and a reflector module located at the rear of the housing. An
electrical power supply is provided for supplying electrical power
to the LEDs for illuminating the LEDs, with the power supply being
selectively operable to provide an intensity adjustment for the
LEDs. The electrical power supply can be selectively operable to
control the level of power transmitted to each LED independent of
the level of power transmitted to the other LEDs. The lamp can be
configured to have a variable color output. For example, the
intensity adjustment can range from 0 to about 2500 FC. The
intensity adjustment can be continuous throughout its range of
adjustments or, alternatively, can be adjustable at discrete
settings within its range of adjustments. The lamp may further
include a microprocessor in communication with the LEDs to control
the level of power transmitted to the LEDs, and thus the output
intensity of the light from the lamp. Suitable microprocessors for
use with the present invention are well known in the art and
include, but are not limited to, any programmable digital
electronic component that incorporates the functions of a central
processing unit (CPU) on a single semiconducting integrated circuit
(IC).
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a dental operatory
lamp used to illuminate an operating area comprises a housing
having a front directed toward the operating area and a rear facing
away from the operating area. A plurality of light emitting diodes
(LEDs) can be included. An adapter configured for receiving at
least one non-light emitting diode (non-LED) light source is
located within the housing. The at least one non-LED light source
may consist of a group of lights that can be selected from, for
example, Quartz halogen, tungsten halogen, incandescent, xenon,
fluorescent, fiber optics, gas plasma, laser, ultraviolet, and blue
light. The at least one non-LED light source may also include the
group of lights selected from, for example, dental curing light,
oral cancer screening light, decay detection (cavities and caries)
blood detection sterilization and tooth whitening light.
A particular embodiment of the invention includes a dental
operatory lamp used to illuminate an operating area having a
housing with a front directed toward the operating area and a rear
away from the operating area. The LEDs 118 are positioned with
their longitudinal axes aligned toward predetermined points on the
reflective element 116 for directing the light from the LEDs 118
toward the front of the lamp in a pattern that focuses light from
the lamp to a central area of illumination of high intensity 204,
with significantly reduced intensity illumination 202 outside the
central area, as shown in FIG. 4. Particular representative
patterns of focused light emanating from the dental operatory lamps
of the present invention include, for example, a pattern of focused
light that can be elliptically shaped and may be about 3 inches by
about 6 inches (7.62 cm by about 15.24 cm) in size. In a particular
embodiment, the reduced intensity illumination 202 outside the
central area of illumination 204 decreases in intensity by 50% of a
maximum intensity relative to the central area of illumination of
high intensity. The central area of illumination of high intensity
204 can have a pattern size of at least 50 mm by 25 mm. The reduced
intensity illumination 202 outside the central area can be
configured to decrease in intensity progressively and smoothly
relative to the central area of illumination of high intensity. The
pattern can be configured to have a brightness of greater than
about 20,000 Lux at a focus height of 700 mm from a target. The
illumination on the central area of illumination of high intensity
204 at a distance of 60 mm can be configured to be less than about
1200 Lux. Illumination at the maximum level of the dental operating
light in the spectral region of 180 nm to 400 nm can be configured
to not exceed 0.008 W/m2.
Yet another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 5, wherein
a dental operatory lamp used to illuminate an operating area
includes a lamp assembly 208 having a front 210 directed toward the
operating area and a rear 212 away from the operating area. A
reflector module 220 can be located within the lamp assembly 208,
and more specifically, can be located at the rear 212 of the lamp
assembly 208. A plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) can
optionally be located in a reflector module 222. Optionally, a
light mixing rod (not shown) may be included as part of the
reflector module 222 to produce homogenous light from the multiple
LEDs of different colors. The lamp assembly 208 can include a
curved or faceted interior reflective surface 220. The LEDs can be
directed toward the curved or faceted interior reflective surface
220 for directing the light from the LEDs toward the front 210 of
the lamp in a pattern that focuses light from the lamp to a central
area of illumination of high intensity, with significantly reduced
intensity illumination outside the central area. The reduced
intensity illumination outside the central area can be configured
to decrease in intensity by 50% of a maximum intensity relative to
the central area of illumination of high intensity. The reduced
intensity illumination outside the central area may be configured
to decrease in intensity progressively and smoothly relative to the
central area of illumination of high intensity. The light pattern
can have a brightness of greater than about 20,000 Lux at a focus
height of 700 mm from a target. The illumination on the central
area of illumination of high intensity at a distance of 60 mm may
be less than about 1200 Lux. The illumination at the maximum level
of the dental operating light in the spectral region of 180 nm to
400 nm may be configured to not exceed 0.008 W/m.sup.2.
The lamp 100 of the present invention allows the user to set
various chromaticity settings, such as sunlight equivalent D65 or
simulated fluorescent lighting for improved dental shade matching.
It also allows the addition of thermal, color, or intensity
feedback to better maintain light characteristics over the life of
the product, and permits adjustment of light intensity independent
of color setting. The lamp 100 also is adapted to provide different
configurations and forms of color mixing light guides.
Specifically, the lamp 100 provides a user selectable mode with
reduced irradiance in the near UV and blue wavelengths to allow
adequate illumination while not initiating curing of UV-curable
dental composites and adhesives. The lamp design can provide longer
life through use of LEDs instead of incandescent bulbs and which
can be further achieved through use of heat pipes, finned rear
housing and fan cooling which maintain low LED temperature even at
high currents.
.Iadd.FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of a currently preferred
embodiment, generally indicated at 1000, of a light source
structure constructed according to principles of the invention.
Light source structure 1000 may generally be characterized as a
lamp. Lamp 1000 is powered by electricity, and functions to provide
illumination to a work area disposed a distance from the lamp
front, generally indicated at 1002. Desirably, the work area
illuminated by lamp 1000 is shadow-free, and appears relatively
uniform in illumination color and intensity. For most applications,
the illuminated target work area is considered to have an
approximately flat footprint and a depth normal to that footprint.
That is, the illuminated region is generally structured to
encompass a volume disposed proximate the footprint..Iaddend.
.Iadd.Illustrated lamp 1000 includes attachment structure,
generally indicated at 1004, operable to connect lamp 1000 to
suspension structure in the work area. Illustrated attach structure
1004 is carried at a back 1006 of lamp 1004, although any
convenient arrangement is operable. Typical suspension structure in
a dental operatory permits a user to orient the lamp in space
operably to aim the light output of lamp 1000 at the desired target
area. Certain embodiments of the invention provide a lamp having
reduced weight and/or intrusive volume compared to commercially
available lamps. Such reduced weight lamps permit a corresponding
reduction in mass of the lamp suspension arrangement, thereby
increasing ease of manipulation of the lamp to orient its output
toward a target..Iaddend.
.Iadd.Lamp 1000 includes a plurality of light modules 1008 that may
be disposed in an array and tilted along an arcuate path 1010 to
aim their collective light outputs to impinge on a desired target
footprint. Illustrated light modules 1008 are sometimes also called
reflective modules. One row of modules 1008 is visible in FIG. 6,
although any number of such rows may be repeated in a columnar,
staggered, or other arrangement in space to form a 3-dimensional
lamp body providing the desired luminescent output..Iaddend.
.Iadd.One currently preferred lamp assembly 1000 includes 3 rows
forming 5 columns of modules 1008, for a total of 15 modules in the
lamp. Such modules 1008 are desirably spaced apart from each other
and aimed in harmony to form a shadow-free illumination of a target
region. In the context of this disclosure, the term "shadow-free"
means that an object, such as a tool or a user's hand, casts
essentially no shadow when placed between the lamp and its
illuminated target. It is currently preferred for an output of each
module to be shaped to substantially illuminate the entire target
footprint. Therefore, the target footprint is fully illuminated by
the sum of the outputs of modules 1008. In such an arrangement, an
object blocking light emitted by one, or even most, of the modules
1008 still would not cast a shadow on the target footprint. A path
along a column between rows may be a straight line, although it is
currently preferred that such path (not illustrated, but similar to
path 1010) also is arcuate..Iaddend.
.Iadd.In use in an environment such as a dental operatory, it is
preferred to provide a front shield 1012 as a protective cover to
block migration of dust and contaminated aerosols into the lamp
interior. A front surface of such a shield 1012 may be structured
to provide an easily cleanable surface, whereby to maintain
sterility of the operatory area. In certain embodiments, shield
1012 may incorporate one or more lenses to focus, or otherwise
modify, the light output of lamp 1000. Whether or not a focusing
lens is provided, a shield made from LEXAN.RTM., or other similar
optically useful and formable material, desirably is provided to
completely encase the front of a dental lamp to resist
contamination of, and to facilitate cleaning of, the lamp.
Illustrated shield 1012 is injection molded, and includes focusing
lenses for each of the modules 1008 in a unitary part. Desirably,
shield 1012, or a portion of lamp housing 1014, is hinged, or
otherwise openable by a user, to provide access to the interior of
lamp 1000 for maintenance or replacement of a light generating
element..Iaddend.
.Iadd.With reference to FIG. 7, an LED 1018 emits light indicated
by a plurality of rays 1020. An operable LED includes a 3 watt LED
such as that sold by Lumileds Lighting US, LLC under the Brand name
Luxeon, part number LXHL-LW3C..Iaddend.
.Iadd.Typically, a reflective element, generally indicated at 1022,
is provided to direct the LED's light output toward a target. A
focusing lens 1024 may be included in an arrangement effective to
collimate rays 1020, and further direct them to an illuminated area
indicated at 1026. In certain embodiments of the invention, area
1026 corresponds to the target footprint of the lamp 1000. In such
case, it is desired that the illumination emitted from each module
1008 is substantially uniform over area 1026. Certain rays 1028 may
be emitted in a direction other than desired for impingement on
area 1026. Such rays 1028 are characterized as stray light. As
indicated by the illustrated collection of rays 1020, area 1026
sometimes has a higher intensity of illumination at its center, and
may fade to a decreased intensity near its perimeter. In another
embodiment, the LED 1018, mirror 1022, and all associated optics
are arranged in harmony to produce a substantially uniform
intensity over its illuminated footprint at a selected focal
distance..Iaddend.
.Iadd.Another exemplary light module 1008 is illustrated in FIG. 8.
Housing 1032 of illustrated module 1008 includes a portion that
forms a component stray light tube 1034. An interior surface 1036
of tube 1034 may be reflective, but desirably is arranged to resist
reflection of incident stray light rays 1028 to reduce emission of
such stray rays outside the target footprint. A preferred stray
light tube 1034 provides a black, or essentially light absorbing,
surface 1036 to resist reflection of stray light rays 1028. It is
within contemplation for a stray light tube 1034 to be formed as a
distinct component. However, including the stray light tube as a
portion of the housing 1032 reduces part count and cost, and
simplifies assembly of a lamp 1000..Iaddend.
.Iadd.LED 1018 is typically mounted with respect to housing 1032 by
a conveniently structured foundation 1038. Desirably, foundation
1038 is structured to provide simple and rapid installation and
removal of LED 1018, and includes connection structure for the
electricity supplied to the LED. It is further desirable for
foundation 1038 to be formed from a material capable of conducting
heat. Advantageously, foundation 1038 and housing 1032 may be
structured and arranged to dissipate any heat generated by LED 1018
in a direction away from the front of the lamp 1000..Iaddend.
.Iadd.Lens 1044 may be arranged to disperse, focus, collimate,
color, or otherwise modify a characteristic of light 1020 passing
therethrough. Alternatively, or in addition, lens 1044 may be
configured as a protective shield for a module 1008, or lamp 1000.
In certain cases, a collimating lens may be disposed in the space
1046 located between LED 1018 and a distal end 1048 of module 1008.
Desirably, such collimating lens is placed in proximity to the
discharge opening of the parabolic reflector 1022 to reduce a
length of the light module 1008. In a currently preferred
embodiment of lamp 1000, modules 1008 are about 21/2 inches in
length, and approximate the size in a thickness direction of the
lamp 1000..Iaddend.
.Iadd.FIGS. 9-11 illustrate configurations of collimating lenses of
use in certain embodiments constructed according to principles of
the invention. Such lenses typically are structured to direct the
LED's light output toward a target, and permit formation of lamp
1000 in a compact form factor. A pair of operable collimating
lenses, configured as TIR lenses, is illustrated in FIGS. 9-11. The
first collimating TIR lens 1052 (<4.5 deg. FWHM) is illustrated
in end and section views in FIGS. 9 and 10, respectively. The
second TIR lens (<2 deg. FWHM), illustrated in cross-section in
FIG. 11 and is generally indicated at 1054. Such lenses permit a
reduction in length of the stray light tube or equivalent portion
of a housing 1032..Iaddend.
Although the foregoing description contains many specifics, these
are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present
invention, but merely as providing certain representative
embodiments. Similarly, other embodiments of the invention can be
devised which do not depart from the spirit or scope of the present
invention. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated and
limited only by the appended claims and their legal equivalents,
rather than by the foregoing description. All additions, deletions,
and modifications to the invention, as disclosed herein, which fall
within the meaning and scope of the claims, are encompassed by the
present invention.
* * * * *