U.S. patent number RE42,038 [Application Number 12/604,814] was granted by the patent office on 2011-01-18 for man-machine interface for controlling access to electronic devices.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Privaris, Inc.. Invention is credited to David S. Abdallah, Barry W. Johnson, Kristen R. O. Riemenschneider.
United States Patent |
RE42,038 |
Abdallah , et al. |
January 18, 2011 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Man-machine interface for controlling access to electronic
devices
Abstract
The invention disclosed herein describes a man-machine interface
device for controlling access to electronic devices. The
man-machine interface device comprises an electronic display unit
including a transparent finger touch sensor region that is seated
above the display apparatus, which is responsible for determining
the presence and absence of a finger and for generating fingerprint
images when a finger is detected. The man-machine interface device
also includes a controller unit that is coupled to the display
apparatus, the finger touch sensor region, and at least one
electronic device. The method of the invention describes a process
for authenticating individuals and verifying their security
privileges to access sensitive data, based on a finger-touch
selection of an icon presented on the display apparatus of the
man-machine interface device.
Inventors: |
Abdallah; David S.
(Charlottesville, VA), Johnson; Barry W. (Charlottesville,
VA), Riemenschneider; Kristen R. O. (Fairfax, VA) |
Assignee: |
Privaris, Inc.
(Charlottesville, VA)
|
Family
ID: |
33511627 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/604,814 |
Filed: |
October 23, 2009 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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10858290 |
Jun 1, 2004 |
|
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|
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60474750 |
May 30, 2003 |
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Reissue of: |
10997291 |
Nov 24, 2004 |
07420546 |
Sep 2, 2008 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
345/173;
345/156 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L
9/3231 (20130101); H04L 63/06 (20130101); H04L
63/0861 (20130101); G06K 9/00087 (20130101); G06F
16/51 (20190101); G06K 9/00013 (20130101); G06F
21/6209 (20130101); H04N 21/25875 (20130101); G06F
21/10 (20130101); G06F 21/31 (20130101); H04L
63/102 (20130101); G06F 21/85 (20130101); G06F
21/32 (20130101); G06F 21/72 (20130101); H04N
21/4415 (20130101); G06K 9/6201 (20130101); G06F
2221/0771 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06F
3/041 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;345/156,173
;713/200-202 ;382/115,124,125 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US04/17270,
mailed on Dec. 1, 2004; 6 pages. cited by other .
Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/201,568, mailed on Oct. 2,
2008; 6 pages. cited by other .
Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/430,702, mailed on Jun. 24,
2009; 6 pages. cited by other .
Office Action for Canadian Patent Application No. 2,527,829, mailed
on Apr. 1, 2010; 4 pages. cited by other .
English translation of Office Action for Japanese Patent
Application No. 2006-533547, mailed on Aug. 14, 2008, 1 page. cited
by other .
English translation of Office Action for Japanese Patent
Application No. 2009-533547, mailed on Nov. 25, 2006, 3 pages.
cited by other.
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Primary Examiner: Osorio; Ricardo L
Parent Case Text
RELATED U.S. APPLICATION DATA
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 10/858,290, filed Jun. 1, 2004, now abandoned entitled,
"Man-Machine Interface for Controlling Access to Electronic
Devices," which .Iadd.claims priority to U.S. Patent Application
No. 60/474,750 entitled "Secure Biometric Identification Devices
and Systems for Various Applications," filed May 30, 2003; each of
which .Iaddend.is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Claims
We claim:
1. A processor-readable medium storing code representing
instructions to cause a processor to perform a process, the code
comprising code to: receive a biometric input from a first user at
a location of a touch screen, the location of the touch screen
being associated with an icon, the icon being associated with a
function; determine a security privilege uniquely associated with
the icon and the biometric input of the first user based
collectively on the icon and the biometric input of the first user;
permit access to the function associated with the icon when the
security privilege uniquely associated with the icon and the
biometric input of the first user permits access to that function;
receive a biometric input from a second user at the location of the
touch screen; determine a security privilege uniquely associated
with the icon and the biometric input of the second user based
collectively on the icon and the biometric input of the second
user; and inhibit access to the function associated with the icon
when the security privilege uniquely associated with the icon and
the biometric input of the second user does not permit access to
that function.
2. The processor-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the code to
permit access to the function for the first user is configured to
permit full access to the function by the first user when the
security privilege associated with the icon and the biometric input
of the first user is configured to permit full access to that
function.
3. The processor-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the code to
permit access to the function for the first user is configured to
permit limited access to the function by the first user when the
security privilege associated with the icon and the biometric input
of the first user is configured to permit limited access to that
function.
4. The processor-readable medium of claim 1, the code further
comprising code to: before access to the function is permitted for
the first user, inhibit access to the function by the first user
when the security privilege associated with the icon and the
biometric input of the first user does not permit access to that
function.
5. The processor-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the location
of the touch screen is a first location of the touch screen, the
icon is a first icon, the function is a first function, the code
further comprising code to: receive the biometric input from the
first user at a second location of the touch screen, the second
location of the touch screen being associated with a second icon,
the second icon being associated with a second function different
than the first function; determine a security privilege uniquely
associated with the second icon and the biometric input of the
first user based collectively on the second icon and the biometric
input of the first user; and permit access to the second function
associated with the second icon when the security privilege
uniquely associated with the second icon and the biometric input of
the first user permits access to the second function.
6. The processor-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the location
of the touch screen is a first location of the touch screen, the
icon is a first icon, the function is a first function, the code
further comprising code to: receive the biometric input from the
second user at a second location of the touch screen, the second
location of the touch screen being associated with a second icon,
the second icon being associated with a second function different
than the first function; determine a security privilege uniquely
associated with the second icon and the biometric input of the
second user based on the second icon and the biometric input of the
second user; and permit access to the second function associated
with the second icon when the security privilege uniquely
associated with the second icon and the biometric input of the
second user permits access to the second function.
7. The processor-readable medium of claim 1, the code further
comprising code to: before access to the function is permitted for
the first user, determine whether the biometric input of the first
user is authentic based on a biometric template of the first user,
the biometric input of the first user being uniquely associated
with the biometric template of the first user.
8. The processor-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the function
is a software program.
9. An apparatus, comprising: a memory configured to store a
plurality of biometric templates, each biometric template from the
plurality of biometric templates being associated with a security
privilege from a plurality of security privileges, each security
privilege from the plurality of security privileges being
associated with a function from a plurality of functions; a touch
screen having a biometric sensor configured to receive a biometric
input at a location within the touch screen, the touch screen
configured to display a plurality of icons, each icon from the
plurality of icons being associated with a function from the
plurality of functions; and a processor coupled to the memory and
the biometric sensor, the processor configured to permit access to
a function associated with an icon from the plurality of icons when
biometric input is received at a location within the touch screen
associated with that icon and when the security privilege for that
icon and for the biometric template from the plurality of biometric
templates associated with the biometric input permits access to
that icon.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured
to authenticate a biometric input based on at least one biometric
template from the plurality of biometric templates, the processor
configured to permit access to the function when the biometric
input is authenticated.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured
to inhibit access to the function when the biometric input does not
match any biometric template from the plurality of biometric
templates.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured
to inhibit access to the function when the security privilege
uniquely associated with the function and associated with the
biometric template for that function does not permit access to that
function.
13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured
to permit limited access to the function when the security
privilege uniquely associated with the function and associated with
the biometric template for that function is configured to permit
limited access to that function.
14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured
to permit access to the function when the location within the touch
screen is independent of any security privilege.
15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the function is a software
program.
16. A processor-readable medium storing code representing
instructions to cause a processor to perform a process, the code
comprising code to: receive a biometric input at a location of a
touch screen from a user, the location of the touch screen being
associated with an icon, the icon being associated with a function;
determine a security privilege of the user for that function based
on the icon associated with the function and a biometric template
that matches the biometric input of the user, the biometric
template being from a plurality of biometric templates, the
security privilege of the user for that function being from a
plurality of security privileges; and permit access to the function
associated with the icon based on the security privilege of the
user for that function.
17. The processor-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the user is
a first user, the code further comprising code to: receive a
biometric input from a second user at the location of the touch
screen; and inhibit access to the function associated with the icon
when no biometric template from the plurality of biometric
templates match the biometric input of the second user.
18. The processor-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the user is
a first user, the biometric template from the plurality of
biometric templates is a first biometric template from the
plurality of biometric templates and is associated with the first
user, the code further comprising code to: receive a biometric
input from a second user at the location of the touch screen;
determine a security privilege of the second user for that function
based on the icon associated with the function and a second
biometric template that matches the biometric input of the second
user, the second biometric template being from the plurality of
biometric templates and being associated with the second user; and
permit access to the function associated with the icon based on the
security privilege of the second user for that function.
19. The processor-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the user is
a first user, the biometric template from the plurality of
biometric templates is a first biometric template from the
plurality of biometric templates and is associated with the first
user, the access to the function includes full access to the
function, the code further comprising code to: receive a biometric
input from a second user at the location of the touch screen;
determine a security privilege of the second user for that function
based on the icon associated with the function and a second
biometric template that matches the biometric input of the second
user, the second biometric template being from the plurality of
biometric templates and being associated with the second user; and
permit limited access to the function associated with the icon
based on the security privilege of the second user for that
function, functionality associated with the limited access to the
function being less than functionality associated with the full
access to the function.
20. The processor-readable medium of claim 16, the code further
comprising code to: before access to the function is permitted,
inhibit access to the function associated with the icon when no
biometric template from the plurality of biometric templates match
the biometric input.
21. The processor-readable medium of claim 16, the code further
comprising code to: before access to the function is permitted,
inhibit access to the function associated with the icon when the
security privilege of the user for that function does not permit
access to the function.
22. The processor-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the function
is a software program.
23. A processor-readable medium storing code representing
instructions to cause a processor to perform a process, the code
comprising code to: receive a biometric input from a user at a
location of a touch screen, the location being associated with an
icon, the icon being associated with a function; determine whether
the biometric input of the user is authentic based on at least one
biometric template from a plurality of biometric templates; and
determine a security privilege of the user for the function from a
plurality of security privileges based on the icon associated with
the function and the biometric input of the user when the biometric
input of the user is authentic, the security privilege being
uniquely associated with the icon and that biometric template.
24. The processor-readable medium of claim 23, the code further
comprising code to: after the security privilege is determined,
inhibit access by the user to the function associated with the icon
when the security privilege of the user for the function does not
permit access to that function.
25. The processor-readable medium of claim 23, the code further
comprising code to: before the security privilege is determined,
inhibit access by the user to the function associated with the icon
based on the biometric template from the plurality of biometric
templates that is authentic.
26. The processor-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the user is
a first user, the code further comprising code to: receive a
biometric input from the second user at the touch screen location;
determine whether the biometric input of the second user is
authentic based on at least one biometric template from the
plurality of biometric templates; and determine a security
privilege of the second user for the function from the plurality of
security privileges based on the icon associated with the function
and the biometric input of the second user when the biometric input
of the second user is authentic.
27. The processor-readable medium of claim 23, the code further
comprising code to: permit access by the user to the function
associated with the icon based on the security privilege of the
user for the function.
28. The processor-readable medium of claim 23, the code further
comprising code to: inhibit access by the user to the function
associated with the icon when the security privilege of the user
for the function does not permit access to that function.
29. The processor-readable medium of claim 23, the code further
comprising code to: permit limited access by the user to the
function associated with the icon when the security privilege of
the user for the function permits limited access to the
function.
30. The processor-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the function
is a software program.
31. The processor-readable medium of claim 1, the code further
comprising code to: determine, before the security privilege of
tire first user is determined, at least one of the function
associated with the location of the touch screen at which the
biometric input of the first user is received or the icon
associated with the location of the touch screen at which the
biometric input of the first user is received.
32. The processor-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the biometric
input of the first user is received at a first screen including the
icon, the security privilege is determined before displaying a
second screen different from the first screen.
33. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the biometric sensor is a
first biometric sensor, the touch screen has a plurality of
biometric sensors including the first biometric sensor, each
biometric sensor from the plurality of biometric sensors being
configured to receive the biometric input at a location of the
touch screen, the location of each biometric sensor being
associated with an icon from the plurality of icons.
34. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured
to determine the icon from the plurality of icons based on the
location of the touch screen at which the biometric input is
received.
35. The processor-readable medium of claim 16, the code further
comprising code to: determine, before the security privilege is
determined, at least one of the function associated with the
location of the touch screen at which the biometric input is
received or the icon associated with the location of the touch
screen at which the biometric input is received.
36. The processor-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the
biometric input is received at a first screen and the security
privilege is determined before displaying a second screen different
from the first screen.
37. The processor-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the
biometric input is received at a first screen and the security
privilege is determined before displaying a second screen different
from the first screen.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the field of electronic device
user interfaces and authorization techniques, and more specifically
to the field of fingerprint imaging sensors and touch screen
display apparatuses.
2. Necessity of the Invention
Modern electronic devices have developed a myriad of
functionalities and associated user interfaces. Many electronic
devices use a display screen, such as a monitor or display
apparatus, to provide feedback to the user. Handheld devices, such
as the personal digital assistant and the cell phone, have an
important user interface constraint--form factor. In both devices,
manufacturers desire to minimize the size and weight of the device;
as one means to accomplish this, the display is small and buttons
are placed close together.
In recent years, manufacturers of many electronic devices have
substituted touch screen technology for the traditional display.
Touch screens have the same appearance and style of a traditional
screen, but have the added ability to determine the location of
applied pressure. This allows individuals to use a stylus in a
similar manner as a person uses a mouse to point to icons on a
monitor--the individual may touch the screen at the location of a
particular icon. Software running on the device determines the
location of the touch and determines the associated software
function, such as opening an address book. Because the additional
button control interface can be eliminated, manufacturers can make
the display larger and simpler to use.
As the functionality of electronic devices expands, individuals may
wish to protect certain data stored within the device. For example,
the owner of a personal digital assistant may choose to use his PDA
to send and receive private e-mail. If the data is particularly
sensitive, a simple password or PIN combination may not be
considered adequate security and the individual may desire to use
biometric authentication on the device. The most common form of
biometric authentication, fingerprint scanning, requires a hardware
module that is typically the size of a postage stamp. On a device
where size and weight are limited, the addition of this module can
be costly.
Digital Fingerprint Capture Technologies
There are three common types of fingerprint capture technologies:
optical, capacitive, and ultrasonic. Each of the three technologies
combines its associated hardware capture mechanism, which varies
from type to type, and typically a software or firmware controller.
This controller is often responsible for analyzing the captured
image, extracting minutia points, and creating a final template.
Minutiae are points that represent all of the unique
characteristics of a fingerprint--one example is the location of an
intersection of ridges or valleys in the print. A template is
typically composed of thirty minutiae and can be used to uniquely
identify a fingerprint. This allows the scanner or other storage
device to store only the requisite data points without storing the
entire image.
Of the three types of fingerprint capture technologies, optical
scanners are the oldest and most common, and they are composed of a
glass or plastic plate with a light source and a charge coupled
device (CCD) beneath. The light source is typically an array of
light emitting diodes (LEDs), and the CCD is an array of
light-sensitive diodes. When the finger is placed on top of the
plate, the LEDs illuminate the finger and each diode of the CCD
records the light that touched it, creating an image in which the
ridges are dark and the valleys are light. Optical scanners are
fairly resistant to temperature fluctuations, and can provide an
image quality of approximately 500 dots per inch (dpi). One major
concern of this technology is that latent prints--"left over"
fingerprints on the plate--can cause a superpositioning effect and
create error. Additionally, these types of scanners are susceptible
to "gummi bear attacks", in which a fingerprint is lifted from a
glass or other object, placed on a pliable and sticky material,
such as a gummi bear, and can provide a false acceptance. One other
point of note is that the plate must be quite large; this creates
ease of use but may take unavailable real estate on a board.
Capacitive sensors are much newer than optical scanners, and are
composed of an array of cells; each cell has two adjacent conductor
plates, which are embedded within an insulating layer. The
insulating layer is typically a glass plate. When the linger is
placed on top of the insulating layer, it creates a subsequent
electric field between the finger and the conductor plates,
creating capacitance. Because the surface of a finger is a
succession of ridges and valleys, the electric field varies over
the face of the finger as the distance from the plate to the finger
varies. The capacitance or voltage may be determined from the
electric field, and is commonly translated into an 8-bit grayscale
image with approximately 200 to 300 grid points in both the x- and
y-plane. This creates more detailed data than the optical sensor.
Capacitive scanners are typically smaller than optical sensors
because the cells are composed of semiconductor devices, rather
than a CCD unit.
While capacitive scanners are cheaper and smaller than optical
sensors, their durability is unknown due to their short time in
use, and the small size can make it more difficult for an
individual to enroll and authenticate properly. Most fingerprint
sensors use direct current (DC) coupling, although a few companies
are beginning to use alternating current (AC) coupling to penetrate
to the live layer of the skin. Because the capacitive scanner is
dependent on the electric field and capacitance between a finger
and the glass plate, the scanner cannot be fooled by the "gummi
bear attack" as described above; the dielectric constant for the
finger is much different from a gummi bear, and so the capacitance
will vary significantly.
The most accurate but least common finger-scanning technology is
ultrasound imaging. In this type of sensor, two transducers are
placed on the x- and y- axes of a plate of glass--one each for
receiving and transmitting--for propagating ultrasound waves
through a glass plate; when the finger is placed on top of the
glass, the finger impedes the waves and the receiving transducer
can measure the alteration in wave patterns. This type of scanner
is very new and largely untested in a variety of conditions, but
initial results show promise for the technology. It combines the
large plate size and ease of use of the optical scanners with the
ability to pervade dirt and residue on the scanner, an advantage of
capacitive scanners.
Touch Screen Technologies
Touch screens are quite similar to the fingerprint scanners
described above. They recognize a finger pressure on the screen and
typically calculate the center or peak point of the pressure.
Current touch screen technologies fall under five different types
of technology: analog resistive, capacitive, infrared, acoustic
wave, and near field imaging. The analog resistive, capacitive and
acoustic wave technologies are the most commonplace due to their
clarity and endurance under a variety of conditions. Infrared is
very sensitive to a light touch and may be impractical, while near
field imaging is very new, suitable for very harsh conditions, and
frequently cost-prohibitive. For these reasons only the first three
technologies are examined in much detail. Similarly to the
fingerprint scanning technology there is typically an associated
software or firmware controller to perform requisite data
analysis.
The analog resistive technology is composed of a glass plate and a
plastic plate slacked over a flat-panel screen or display. Both the
glass and plastic plates are coated with a transparent conductive
material, such that the conductive material is sandwiched between
the two plates. Tiny separator dots keep the two plates from
touching under normal conditions, but when pressure is applied to
the plastic plate, the dots move and the two surfaces come together
to conduct electricity. An electronic controller instantly
calculates the x- and y-coordinates, allowing resistive touch
screen technologies to have very high precision and resolution.
This also allows an individual to have relative freedom when
selecting an object as a stylus; the individual may use a pen,
finger, or other convenient utility.
Capacitive coupled technologies require the use of a conductive
stylus--this may be a finger, but not a gloved hand because the
cloth will prevent the conduction of charge. Capacitive
technologies use a flat-panel display with a single glass plate
resting on top. The glass plate is covered in a transparent metal
oxide on the exterior surface; when the finger or alternate stylus
comes into contact with the conductive surface; capacitive coupling
occurs at the point of contact and draws electrical current. The
controller registers the change in current and the x- and
y-coordinates can be determined. As mentioned above, because the
technology requires use of a conductive stylus, non-conductive
surfaces will prevent the change in electrical current and will not
have any effect on the touch screen. Furthermore, the exposed glass
surface in this technology makes it susceptible to scratches and
can inhibit correct operation of the screen.
Acoustic wave touch screens are more complicated than the
capacitive and resistive technologies. There are two types of
acoustic wave technologies: guided acoustic wave (GAW) and surface
acoustic wave (SAW). Both use a single plate of glass placed on top
of a flat-panel display, with a similar transducer arrangement as
described above for the ultrasound imaging. GAW screens transmit a
wave through the glass panel (using the glass as a waveguide),
while SAW screens transmit the wave on the surface of the glass; in
both technologies, transducers detect a dampening of the wave that
occurs when pressure is applied to the glass, which is translated
into x- and y- coordinates. Similarly to the capacitive coupled
screens, SAW screens have stylus limitations; the stylus must be
soft and able to absorb energy in order to dampen the wave, and are
generally only practical in instances where the stylus is a finger.
These types of touch screens also have the glass surface limitation
described above.
Description of the Related Art
A multitude of single-purpose display apparatuses, fingerprint
sensors and touch screens are available commercially. Furthermore,
several companies offer commercial products that embed
fingerprint-scanning hardware within display apparatus technology.
One such example, Ethentica and Philips FDS' (a wholly owned
subsidiary of Philips Corporation) joint venture TactileSense.TM.
finger scanning hardware, comprises a transparent optical sensor
that can be embedded into a pane of glass. The TactileSense optical
sensor comprises several a unique TactileSense polymer, a silicon
glass camera/CCD, and a control ASIC. The TactileSense polymer is
placed on top of the silicon camera, which is embedded within glass
to provide hardness and durability. The TactileSense polymer is the
heart of the sensor, comprising five layers: insulating,
black-coat, transparent conductive, light-emitting phosphor, and
base. The insulating and black-coat layers enhance the performance
of the sensor by preventing liquid or other particles from entering
the sensor, and by preventing sunlight from entering the sensor.
The chief layers are the transparent conductive and light-emitting
phosphor layers, which serve to supply current to the polymer and
to illuminate the fingerprint. When a finger is placed on the
TactileSense polymer, the polymer illuminates the fingerprint and
creates an image. The silicon camera detects the illumination, and
the ASIC converts it to digital format for processing.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,327,376 to Harkin describes a fingerprint sensor
comprised of an array of sensing elements. The sensing elements use
both capacitive and optical techniques to generate the image; the
device is constructed using a transparent conductive material for
the electrodes contained within. However, despite the inclusion of
the sensor within a display apparatus, there is little discussion
of using the display as a touch screen or user navigation
interface.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,501,846 to Dickinson et al. discloses a method and
system for computer access and cursor control using a relief object
image generator. The relief object image generator is capable of
capturing a 2-D image based on the 3-D relief of an object, such as
a finger. The apparatus of Dickinson's invention can be used to
simultaneously authenticate an individual's fingerprint, and move a
cursor on a screen or perform other control-related functions
related to the movement of the individual's finger. This
application is targeted primarily at replacing mice, function keys,
and other control mechanisms on devices where space is limited.
However, Dickinson does not address use of biometric recognition
incorporated with touch screen user navigation.
DigitalPersona also offers fingerprint-scanning hardware that is
transparent and can be placed over display apparatuses, marketed as
U.are.U Crystal.TM.. This hardware is also comprised of an optical
sensor that uses completely transparent materials. It is
ultra-thin, enabling it to be placed in mobile or other electronic
devices where real estate is a significant concern. Again, however,
this product does not demonstrate any of the touch screen
properties as exhibited in the current invention.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention disclosed herein describes a man-machine interface
device for controlling access to electronic devices. The
man-machine interface device comprises an electronic display
apparatus that is capable of presenting graphic text, images,
icons, and other data typically shown on a screen, while further
including a transparent finger touch sensor region that is seated
above the display apparatus. This finger touch sensor region is
responsible for determining the presence and absence of a finger,
and is further responsible for generating fingerprint images when a
finger is detected. The man-machine interface device also includes
a controller unit that is coupled to the display apparatus, the
finger touch sensor region, and at least one electronic device. The
controller unit is capable of controlling data flow between the
display apparatus, the finger touch sensor region and the
electronic device, and for calculating finger touch locations based
on a fingerprint image generated by the transparent finger touch
sensor region. It can receive text from the electronic device,
which is intended for presentation on the display apparatus, or
conversely send a fingerprint image to the electronic device, among
other functions.
The method of the invention describes a process for authenticating
individuals and verifying their security privileges to access
sensitive data, based on a finger-touch selection of an icon
presented on the display apparatus of the man-machine interface
device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Master Reference Numeral List
FIG. 1: Apparatus
100 Apparatus
101 Finger touch sensor region
102 Display apparatus
103 Controller
FIG. 2: Apparatus, based on optical sensor technology
102 Display apparatus
201 Charge coupled device
202 Glass or plastic plate
203 Light source
FIG. 3: Apparatus, based on capacitive sensor technology
102 Display apparatus
302 Glass plate, coated with transparent metal oxide
303 Electric field
FIG. 4: Apparatus, based on ultrasonic/acoustic wave technology
102 Display apparatus
402 Glass plate
403 Ultrasonic/acoustic wave generator
FIG. 5: Authenticating to the apparatus
501 Human thumb
502 E-mail icon
503 PDA
FIG. 6: Method for authenticating
601 Is there a finger present?
602 Create a fingerprint image
603 Calculate the location of the finger touch
604 Is there an icon at the finger touch location?
605 Is there a function associated with the icon?
606 Does the function require fingerprint authentication?
607 Does the fingerprint match a stored fingerprint?
608 Determine access rights for matched fingerprint
609 Allow user access to function?
610 Authorize user access to function
611 Quit
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the invention, when
optical sensing technology is used.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the invention, when
capacitive sensing technology is used.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the invention, when
ultrasonic/acoustic wave technology is used.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the invention being
used to authenticate to a PDA.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the method of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The apparatus of the invention is a primary man-machine interface
device that incorporates biometric authentication into a
touch-sensitive display. Juxtaposing these two technologies
provides a simple user interface, and additionally, an economy of
space for handheld or portable devices that require ease-of-use
along with biometric authentication; devices can use the
functionality of a display, control keys or buttons, and a
fingerprint sensor, by replacing them with the man-machine
interface device of this invention.
Fingerprint scanning typically requires more detail, precision, and
data analysis then touch screen technology. The most common use of
fingerprint scanning is comparison between a new, "live"
fingerprint, and an older stored fingerprint, where the comparison
is typically between minutiae points calculated for both
fingerprints. This can be used to verify or identify an individual
who has already been entered into a system. If the fingerprint
scanner fails to accurately analyze a print, the scanner may
provide a false acceptance--reporting that the new fingerprint is
the same as the old, when they actually are not--or false
rejection--reporting that the two fingerprints are different when
they are not. However, if a touch screen registers a touch location
incorrectly, it is only a minor inconvenience to recalibrate the
touch screen and renavigate the user interface.
The primary embodiment of the man-machine interface device 100
incorporates a transparent finger touch sensor region 101, an
electronic display apparatus 102, and a controller 103, as seen in
FIG. 1. The finger touch sensor region 101 is layered on top of the
display apparatus 102, and is capable of determining the presence
and absence of finger touches. It can additionally generate
fingerprint images, which are transmitted to, and used by, the
controller 103. The display apparatus 102 must be capable of
presenting graphic data, text, images, icons and other information,
and may range from a cathode ray tube display, such as a television
or monitor, to a liquid crystal display. The controller 103 is
coupled to the finger touch sensor region 101 and the display
apparatus 102, as well as peripheral electronic devices, such as a
PDA.
One alternate embodiment of the apparatus 100 is based on optical
fingerprint scanner technology, and can be seen in FIG. 2. A plate
202 is placed over the display apparatus 102, with a light source
203 and a CCD 201 between the two. The light source 203, the plate
202, and the CCD 201 must all be transparent, or items would not be
viewable on the display apparatus 102.
FIG. 3 shows an alternate embodiment of the present invention,
which is based on a capacitive fingerprint sensor and a capacitive
touch screen. A glass plate 302 coated with transparent metal oxide
is placed on top of the display apparatus 102. When the finger is
placed on the glass plate of the finger touch sensor region 101, an
electric field 303 is created and the finger touch location and
fingerprint can be determined.
Another alternate embodiment of the apparatus 100 is based on the
ultrasonic imaging fingerprint sensor and the acoustic wave touch
screen. This can be seen in FIG. 4. Again a glass panel 402 is
placed on the display apparatus 102. Ultrasonic waves 405 are
propagated by means of an ultrasonic or acoustic wave generator 403
either through or on top of the glass panel 402, using it as a wave
guide. When a finger is placed on the finger touch sensor region
101 it interferes with the traveling wave, generating the
fingerprint or touch location. Because the wave guide is based on
the principle of total internal reflection, the angle of incidence
of the propagating wave 405 must be such that it doesn't interfere
with the optical properties of the display apparatus 102 behind it.
This is affected by the thickness of the glass panel 402 and the
frequency of the propagating wave 405.
Regardless of the embodiment of the apparatus 100, the controller
103 must be capable of receiving data from a peripherally-connected
electronic device and displaying it on the display apparatus 102.
The controller 103 must also be able to receive fingerprint images
from the finger touch sensor region 101, and to calculate the
location of finger touch events from these images. Additionally,
the controller 103 is responsible for calculating minutiae points
of a fingerprint associated with a finger touch on the finger touch
sensor region 101. Any calculated data, such as a location or
minutiae, can be transmitted from the controller 103 back to the
peripheral device. If required, the controller 103 may be capable
of storing fingerprint minutiae points, and/or comparing
fingerprint minutiae points. In one preferred embodiment of the
invention, the location can be determined by extrapolating the
center point of the finger touch on the finger touch sensor region
101. However, the algorithmic choice does not fall within the scope
of this invention; the location can be determined by any
appropriate method.
The peripherally-connected electronic device referred to above is
the device using the man-machine interface device. For example, if
the man-machine interface device were to be used as a replacement
for the touch screen and buttons on a personal digital assistant
(PDA), the PDA would be considered the peripherally-connected
electronic device. It is responsible for sending data to the
controller 103 for display on the display apparatus 102, and for
requesting and receiving finger touch data. Additionally, the
peripherally-connected electronic device is responsible for
maintaining the association between icons or text pictured on the
display apparatus 102, and accessing rights for said functions. The
method of the invention provides fingerprint authentication for
functions represented by an icon on a display. In the primary
embodiment, the method is employed while using the man-machine
interface device 100 installed in a PDA, but can be used with other
suitable technology; examples explained herein will employ both.
The method is intended to replace traditional user interface and
authentication methods. For example, the PDA may receive e-mail,
which the intended recipient wishes to keep secure. The PDA stores
a registered fingerprint for the intended recipient that is
associated with the security privileges of the e-mail program.
Additionally, the PDA displays an icon on the display apparatus 102
that accesses the e-mail program on selection.
FIG. 5 shows an individual 501 using the man-machine interface
device 100 of the present invention, to touch the finger touch
sensor region 101 over the icon 502 displayed on the display
apparatus 102 of the PDA 503--in this example, the e-mail icon. As
seen in the flow chart of FIG. 6, the finger touch sensor region
101 detects the presence of the finger (step 601), and generates an
image of the fingerprint (step 602), which is passed to the
controller 103. The controller 103 calculates the finger touch
location (step 603), and determines if there is an icon displayed
on the display apparatus 102 at that location (step 604). If an
icon exists, the PDA determines which function is associated with
the icon (step 605) and if the function requires fingerprint
authentication (step 606).
If the function does not require authentication, the PDA directly
authorizes access to the function. However, in this example with
e-mail, the function does require fingerprint authentication. The
PDA examines stored fingerprints, verifying the new image against
the stored images (step 607), until a match is found. If a match is
found, the PDA determines the security privileges associated with
the fingerprint (step 608) and determines if the e-mail function is
among these privileges (step 609). If not, the method terminates
(step 611); if it is, the PDA allows access to the e-mail function
(step 610), and then terminates the authentication method (step
611).
While the description above refers to particular embodiments of the
present invention, it will be understood that many modifications
may be made without departing from the spirit thereof. The
accompanying claims are intended to cover such modifications as
would fall within the true scope and spirit of the present
invention.
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