U.S. patent number RE39,752 [Application Number 11/059,702] was granted by the patent office on 2007-07-31 for lens barrier opening/closing device of a movable lens barrel.
This patent grant is currently assigned to PENTAX Corporation. Invention is credited to Nobuaki Aoki, Satoru Nakamura, Hiroshi Nomura, Yoshihiro Yamazaki.
United States Patent |
RE39,752 |
Nomura , et al. |
July 31, 2007 |
Lens barrier opening/closing device of a movable lens barrel
Abstract
A lens barrier opening/closing device of a movable lens barrel
includes a barrier blade which is driven to open and close a
photographic aperture; a barrier drive ring driven to rotate about
an optical axis; a first biasing device which biases the barrier
drive ring in a rotational direction; a rotational barrel which
rotates about the optical axis; a receiving surface formed on the
barrier drive ring to extend parallel to the optical axis; and a
transmission surface, formed on the rotational barrel, extending
parallel to the optical axis. The receiving surface and the
transmission surface are engaged with each other to rotate the
barrier drive ring together with the rotational barrel about the
optical axis in a direction against a biasing force of the first
biasing device when the movable lens barrel moves from either the
photographing position to the accommodation position or vise
versa.
Inventors: |
Nomura; Hiroshi (Tokyo,
JP), Aoki; Nobuaki (Tokyo, JP), Yamazaki;
Yoshihiro (Tokyo, JP), Nakamura; Satoru (Tokyo,
JP) |
Assignee: |
PENTAX Corporation (Tokyo,
JP)
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Family
ID: |
26584541 |
Appl.
No.: |
11/059,702 |
Filed: |
February 17, 2005 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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Reissue of: |
09774111 |
Jan 31, 2001 |
06520691 |
Feb 18, 2003 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jan 31, 2000 [JP] |
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2000-022747 |
Jan 31, 2000 [JP] |
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2000-022748 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
396/448;
396/349 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G02B
7/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03B
17/00 (20060101); G03B 17/04 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;396/348,349,448
;359/819,826 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
US. Appl. No. 10/771,402, to Hiroshi Nomura et al., filed Feb. 5,
2004. cited by other .
English Language Abstract of JP11-015043. cited by other.
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Primary Examiner: Mahoney; Christopher
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Greenblum & Bernstein,
P.L.C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A lens barrier opening/closing device of a movable lens barrel
driven to move between an accommodation position and a
photographing position, comprising: at least one barrier blade
which is driven to open and close a photographic aperture formed at
the front end wall of said movable lens barrel when said movable
lens barrel is in said photographing position and said
accommodation position, respectively; a barrier drive ring driven
to rotate about an optical axis to drive said at least one barrier
blade; a first biasing device which biases said barrier drive ring
in a predetermined rotational direction; a rotational barrel which
at least rotates about said optical axis when said movable lens
barrel moves between said accommodation position and said
photographing position; a rotational-force receiving surface formed
on said barrier drive ring, said rotational force receiving surface
extending parallel to said optical axis; and a rotational-force
transmission surface formed on said rotational barrel, said
rotational-force transmission surface extending parallel to said
optical axis, wherein said rotational-force receiving surface and
said rotational-force transmission surface are engaged with each
other to rotate said barrier drive ring together with said
rotational barrel about said optical axis in a direction against a
biasing force of said first biasing device when said movable lens
barrel moves from one of said photographing position and said
accommodation position to the other of said photographing position
and said accommodation position.
2. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 1,
wherein said barrier drive ring comprises a drive lever which
extends substantially parallel to the optical axis toward said
rotational barrel, said drive lever including said rotational-force
receiving surface thereon.
3. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 2,
wherein said rotational barrel comprises a recess formed to allow
said drive lever to enter said recess, said rotational-force
transmission surface being formed as a wall of said recess.
4. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 1,
wherein said movable lens barrel is an element of a zoom lens of a
camera.
5. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 1,
wherein said first biasing device comprises at least one helical
extension spring.
6. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 1,
wherein said barrier drive ring and said rotational barrel rotate
relative to each other about said optical axis and move relative to
each other in a direction of said optical axis when said movable
lens barrel moves between said photographing position and said
accommodation position, and wherein said barrier drive ring and
said rotational barrel are apart from each other so that said
rotational-force receiving surface and said rotational-force
transmission surface do not overlap each other in said direction of
said optical axis when said movable lens barrel is in a specific
one of said photographing position and said accommodation position
in which said rotational barrel does not drive said barrier drive
ring to rotate about said optical axis via said rotational-force
receiving surface and said rotational-force transmission
surface.
7. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 6,
further comprising: a linearly movable barrel positioned around
said rotational barrel, guided in said direction of said optical
axis without rotating about said optical axis, and supporting said
barrier drive ring in a front end of said linearly movable barrel
so that said barrier drive ring is rotatable about said optical
axis; a radially inward pin formed on said linearly movable barrel
to extend radially inwards; and a guide groove, corresponding to
said radially inward pin, formed on an outer peripheral surface of
said rotational barrel to be engaged with said radially inward pin
to move said linearly movable barrel in said direction of said
optical axis by rotation of said rotational barrel.
8. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 7,
wherein said movable lens barrel is an element of a zoom lens of a
camera, and wherein said linearly movable barrel functions as a
movable lens hood which advances relative to said rotational barrel
when said zoom lens is set at a telephoto extremity thereof having
a narrow angle of view, and which retreats relative to the
rotational barrel when said zoom lens is set at a wide-angle
extremity thereof having a wide angle of view.
9. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 1,
further comprising: a second biasing device which biases said
barrier blade in a direction toward one of an open position and a
closed position of said barrier blade against the biasing force of
said first biasing device, a biasing force of said second biasing
device being smaller than that of said first biasing device,
wherein said barrier blade is driven by said biasing force of said
second biasing device when said barrier drive ring is driven to
rotate against said biasing force of said first biasing device by
rotation of said rotational barrel.
10. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 9,
wherein said second biasing device comprises at least one torsion
spring.
11. A lens barrier opening/closing device of a movable lens barrel,
comprising: at least one barrier blade which is driven to open and
close a photographic aperture formed at the front end wall of said
movable lens barrel; a rotational barrel which at least rotates
about an optical axis when said movable lens barrel moves between
an accommodation position and a photographing position; a barrier
drive ring driven to rotate about said optical axis to drive said
barrier blade; an opening biasing device which biases said barrier
drive ring in a direction to open said barrier blade; a
rotational-force receiving surface formed on said barrier drive
ring, said rotational-force receiving surface extending parallel to
said optical axis; and a rotational-force transmission surface
formed on said rotational barrel, said rotational-force
transmission surface extending parallel to said optical axis,
wherein said rotational-force receiving surface and said
rotational-force transmission surface are engaged with each other
to rotate said barrier drive ring about said optical axis in a
direction to close said barrier blade against said biasing force of
said opening biasing device while said rotational barrel rotates
when said movable lens barrel moves from said photographing
position to said accommodation position.
12. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 11,
further comprising a linearly movable barrel guided in a direction
of said optical axis without rotating about said optical axis, said
linearly movable barrel supporting said barrier drive ring at a
front end thereof so that said barrier drive ring is rotatable
about said optical axis.
13. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 11,
further comprising: at least one engaging portion formed on said
barrier drive ring to be engageable with said barrier blade; and a
closing biasing device which biases said barrier blade in a
direction to close said photographic aperture, a biasing force of
said closing biasing device being smaller than that of said opening
biasing device, wherein said engaging portion of said barrier drive
ring held at a position to open said barrier blade by said biasing
force of said opening biasing device pushes said barrier blade to
open said barrier blade when said movable lens barrel is in said
photographing position, and wherein said engaging portion is
disengaged from said barrier blade so that said barrier blade is
driven to be closed by said biasing force of said closing biasing
device when said barrier drive ring is driven to rotate about said
optical axis against said biasing force of said opening biasing
device by rotation of said rotational barrel when said movable lens
barrel moves from said photographing position to said accommodation
position.
14. A camera comprising: a movable lens barrel driven to move
between a photographing position an accommodation position when the
power of said camera is turned ON and OFF, respectively; at least
one barrier blade driven to open and close a photographic aperture
formed at the front of said movable lens barrel when said movable
lens barrel is in said photographing position and said
accommodation position, respectively; a barrier drive ring driven
to rotate about an optical axis to drive said at least one barrier
blade; at least one spring which biases said barrier drive ring in
a direction to open said barrier blade; a rotational barrel which
rotates about said optical axis when said movable lens barrel moves
between said accommodation position and said photographing
position; a lever formed on said barrier drive ring to extend
toward said rotational barrel, said lever including a first
engaging surface extending parallel to said optical axis; and a
recess formed on said rotational barrel so that said lever can
enter said recess in a direction of said optical axis, said recess
including a second engaging surface extending parallel to said
optical axis, wherein said first engaging surface and said second
engaging surface are engaged with each other to rotate said barrier
drive ring about said optical axis in a direction to close said
barrier blade against said biasing force of said biasing device
when said movable lens barrel moves from said photographing
position to said accommodation position.
15. A lens barrier opening/closing device of a movable lens barrel
driven to move between an accommodation position and a
photographing position, comprising: at least one barrier blade
which is driven to open and close a photographic aperture formed at
the front end wall of said movable lens barrel when said movable
lens barrel is in said photographing position and said
accommodation position, respectively; a linearly movable barrel
guided in a direction of an optical axis without rotating about
said optical axis; a barrier drive ring driven to rotate about said
optical axis to drive said barrier blade, said linearly movable
barrel supporting said barrier drive ring in a front end of said
linearly movable barrel to be rotatable about said optical axis;
and a pair of ring biasing springs positioned between said barrier
drive ring and said linearly movable barrel on opposite sides with
respect to said optical axis in a radial direction to bias said
barrier drive ring in a predetermined rotational direction, wherein
said barrier ring is driven to rotate in a rotational direction
opposite to said predetermined rotational direction against a
biasing force of said pair of ring biasing springs by a movement of
a movable member provided in said lens barrel when said movable
lens barrel moves from one of said photographing position and said
accommodation position to the other of said photographing position
and said accommodation position.
16. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 15,
further comprising: at least one barrier biasing spring which
biases said barrier blade in a direction opposite to a biasing
direction of said pair of ring biasing springs toward one of an
open position and a closed position of said barrier blade, wherein
a biasing force of said barrier biasing spring is smaller than that
of said pair of ring biasing springs, and wherein said barrier
blade is driven by said biasing force of said barrier biasing
spring to move to one of said open position and said closed
position when said barrier drive ring is driven to rotate against
said biasing force of said pair of ring biasing springs.
17. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 16,
wherein said at least one barrier blade comprises at least one pair
of barrier blades, wherein said at least one barrier biasing spring
comprises a pair of barrier biasing springs positioned on opposite
sides with respect to said optical axis in said radial direction of
said at least one pair of barrier blades in a radial direction to
bias each of said at least one pair of barrier blades toward one of
said open position and said closed position, wherein said barrier
drive ring comprises at least one pair of engaging portions which
can be engaged with said at least one pair of barrier blades,
respectively, wherein said barrier drive ring is engaged with at
least one pair of said barrier blades to push said at least one
pair of barrier blades via said at least one pair of engaging
portions against a biasing force of said pair of barrier biasing
springs when driven to rotate about said optical axis in said
predetermined rotational direction, and wherein said barrier drive
ring is disengaged from said at least one pair of barrier blades
when driven to rotate about the optical axis against a biasing
force of said pair of ring biasing springs via said movement of
said movable member.
18. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 15,
wherein said linearly movable barrel comprises a pair of first
protrusions positioned on opposite sides with respect to said
optical axis in said radial direction, wherein said barrier drive
ring comprises a pair of second protrusions positioned on opposite
sides with respect to said optical axis in said radial direction,
wherein said pair of ring biasing springs are formed as two helical
extension springs, and wherein the opposite ends of one of said two
helical extension springs are connected to one of said pair of
first protrusions and one of said pair of second protrusions,
respectively, while the opposite ends of the other of said two
helical extension springs are connected to the other of said pair
of first protrusions and the other of said pair of second
protrusions, respectively.
19. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 15,
wherein said pair of ring biasing springs bias said barrier drive
ring in a first rotational direction to drive said barrier blade to
open said photographic aperture, and wherein said barrier drive
ring is driven to rotate in a second rotational direction opposite
to said first rotational direction to drive said barrier blade to
close said photographic aperture when said movable lens barrel
moves from said photographing position to said accommodation
position.
20. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 15,
wherein said barrier biasing spring comprises at least one torsion
spring.
21. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 15,
wherein said movable lens barrel is an element of a zoom lens of a
camera.
22. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 21,
wherein said linearly movable barrel functions as a movable lens
hood which advances relative to said rotational barrier when said
zoom lens is set at a telephoto extremity thereof having a narrow
angle of view, and which retreats relative to the rotational barrel
when said zoom lens is set at a wide-angle extremity thereof having
a wide angle of view.
23. A camera comprising: a movable lens barrel driven to move
between a photographing position an accommodation position when the
power of said camera is turned ON and OFF, respectively; at least
one barrier blade driven to open and close a photographic aperture
formed at the front of said movable lens barrel when said movable
lens barrel is in said photographing position and said
accommodation position, respectively; a linearly movable barrel
guided in a direction of an optical axis without rotating about
said optical axis; a barrier drive ring driven to rotate about said
optical axis to drive said barrier blade, said linearly movable
barrel supporting said barrier drive ring in a front end thereof so
that said barrier drive ring is rotatable about said optical axis;
a rotational barrel which rotates about said optical axis when said
movable lens barrel moves between said accommodation position and
said photographing position; and a pair of springs positioned
between said barrier drive ring and said linearly movable barrel on
opposite sides, with respect to said optical axis in a radial
direction, to bias said barrier drive ring in a predetermined
rotational direction, wherein said barrier drive ring is driven to
rotate in a rotational direction opposite to said biased rotational
direction by rotation of said rotational barrel when said movable
lens barrel moves from one of said photographing position and said
accommodation position to the other of said photographing position
and said accommodation position.
24. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 1,
further comprising a moving mechanism that moves said barrier drive
ring and said rotational barrier so that a relative distance
between said rotational barrier and said barrier drive ring along
the optical axis is varied in accordance with rotation of said
rotational barrel.
25. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 11,
further comprising a moving mechanism that moves said barrier drive
ring and said rotational barrier so that a relative distance
between said rotational barrier and said barrier drive ring along
the optical axis is varied in accordance with rotation of said
rotational barrel.
26. The camera according to claim 14, further comprising a moving
mechanism that moves said barrier drive ring and said rotational
barrier so that a relative distance between said rotational barrier
and said barrier drive ring along the optical axis is varied in
accordance with rotation of said rotational barrel.
27. The lens barrier opening/closing device according to claim 15,
further comprising: a rotational barrel which at least rotation
about said optical axis when said linearly movable lens barrel
moves between said accommodation position and said photographing
position; and a moving mechanism that moves said barrier drive ring
and said rotational barrier so that a relative distance between
said rotational barrier and said barrier drive ring along the
optical axis is varied in accordance with rotation of said
rotational barrel.
28. The camera according to claim 23, further comprising a moving
mechanism that moves said barrier drive ring and said rotational
barrier so that a relative distance between said rotational barrier
and said barrier drive ring along the optical axis is varied in
accordance with rotation of said rotational barrel.
.Iadd.29. A collapsible lens barrel comprising: a plurality of lens
groups having an optical axis, and movable along the optical axis
to change the relative position of said plurality of lens groups; a
rotatable cam barrel configured to move between an accommodated
position and a photographing range by rotating; and a drive ring,
configured to move between the accommodated position and the
photographing range, wherein: when said drive ring is within the
photographing range, said drive ring is configured to move along
the optical axis without rotating; and when said drive ring is
moved from the photographing range to the accommodated position,
said drive ring is configured to move along the optical axis and
rotate by contacting said rotatable cam barrel..Iaddend.
.Iadd.30. The collapsible lens barrel according to claim 29,
further comprising a barrier blade, wherein said drive ring is
configured to drive said barrier blade to close a photographic
aperture formed at an object side of the lens barrel..Iaddend.
.Iadd.31. The collapsible lens barrel according to claim 29,
wherein said plurality of lens groups includes a rearmost lens
group configured to focus an image produced by said plurality of
lens groups..Iaddend.
.Iadd.32. The collapsible lens barrel according to claim 29,
further comprising a plurality of shutter blades, wherein said
plurality of lens groups comprise a first lens group and a second
lens group, with said plurality of shutter blades positioned
between said first lens group and said second lens
group..Iaddend.
.Iadd.33. The collapsible lens barrel according to claim 29,
further comprising a stationary barrel configured to support said
plurality of lens groups, said rotatable cam barrel and said drive
ring..Iaddend.
.Iadd.34. A digital camera having a body and comprising: a
plurality of lens groups having an optical axis, and movable along
the optical axis to change the relative position of said plurality
of lens groups; an image sensor configured to receive light passed
through said lens groups, said image sensor further configured to
generate an image signal; a collapsible lens barrel configured to
house said plurality of lens groups, said lens barrel housed within
the body and comprising: a rotatable cam barrel configured to move
between an accommodated position and a photographing range by
rotating; and a drive ring, configured to move between the
accommodated position and the photographing range, wherein: when
said drive ring is within the photographing range, said drive ring
is configured to move along the optical axis without rotating; and
when said drive ring is moved from the photographing range to the
accommodated position, said drive ring is configured to move along
the optical axis and rotate by contacting said rotatable cam
barrel..Iaddend.
.Iadd.35. The camera according to claim 34, further comprising a
barrier blade, wherein said drive ring is configured to drive said
barrier blade to close a photographic aperture formed at an object
side of the lens barrel..Iaddend.
.Iadd.36. The camera according to claim 34, wherein said plurality
of lens groups includes a rearmost lens group configured to focus
an image produced by said plurality of lens groups..Iaddend.
.Iadd.37. The camera according to claim 34, further comprising a
plurality of shutter blades, wherein said plurality of lens groups
comprise a first lens group and a second lens group, with said
plurality of shutter blades positioned between said first lens
group and said second lens group..Iaddend.
.Iadd.38. The camera according to claim 34, further comprising a
stationary barrel affixed to said body and configured to support
said collapsible lens barrel..Iaddend.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lens barrier opening/closing
device for opening and closing a lens barrier which is disposed in
a front end of a movable lens barrel for the purpose of preventing
the front surface of the lens from being stained or damaged.
2. Description of the Related Art
A zoom lens of a camera which has a movable barrel driven to
advance from a housed position (accommodation position) to a
photographing position when the power is turned ON is known in the
art. Such a zoom lens which is provided in the front end thereof
with a lens barrier (which generally has a plurality of movable
barrier blades) that is driven to open and close a forefront
photographic aperture of the zoom lens by moving the movable barrel
of the zoom lens from the housed position to the advance position
and from the advance position to the housed position, in that
order, is also known in the art.
In one of the lens barriers of this type, a barrier drive ring is
provided to be rotatable about the optical axis of the zoom lens to
open and close the barrier blades. The barrier drive ring is
constantly biased toward one rotational end thereof to open the
barrier blades by a spring. A rearward movement of the movable
barrel of the zoom lens from the photographing position to the
housed position causes another movable member of the zoom lens to
be engaged with the barrier drive ring to rotate the same in one
direction to close the barrier blades against the spring force.
Conversely, a forward movement of the movable barrel of the zoom
lens from the housed position to the photographing position causes
the above-mentioned movable member to be disengaged from the
barrier drive ring, thereby allowing the barrier drive ring to
rotate in the other direction to open the barrier blades by the
spring force.
In an alternative lens barriers of the aforementioned type, the
barrier drive ring is constantly biased toward one rotational end
thereof to open barrier blades by a spring (first spring), while
the barrier blades themselves are constantly biased in a direction
to be closed by another spring or springs (second spring) whose
spring force is smaller than the first spring. A rearward movement
of the movable barrel of the zoom lens from the photographing
position to the housed position causes another movable member of
the zoom lens to be engaged with the barrier drive ring to rotate
the same in one direction to restrict the spring force of the first
spring, thereby allowing the barrier blades to be closed by the
spring force of the second spring.
In these types of lens barriers, the barrier blades can be reliably
opened and closed by a spring (biasing device) having a large
spring force (large biasing force). However, the performance of the
advancing/retreating operation of the movable barrel of the zoom
lens, which moves between the housed position and the photographing
position, deteriorates if the spring force is excessively large.
This is because the driving force generated by a movement of the
movable barrel between the housed position and the photographing
position to drive the barrier blades is originally used to make the
movable barrel itself advance to the photographing position or
retreat to the housed position.
The difference between the photographing position and the housed
position of the movable barrel can be regarded as the difference
between two axial positions (two separate positions on the optical
axis of the zoom lens) of the movable barrel, so that the barrier
drive ring can be rotated by converting a linear movement of a
movable member in the optical axis direction into a rotational
movement about the optical axis. For instance, in a conventional
lens barrier opening/closing device, a linearly movable barrel
which moves in the direction of the optical axis without rotating
about the optical axis is provided with an inclined surface which
is inclined with respect to the direction of the optical axis,
while the barrier drive ring is provided with another inclined
surface which is inclined with respect to the direction of the
optical axis. When the linearly movable barrel moves in the
direction of the optical axis toward the barrier drive ring, the
inclined surface of the linearly movable barrel is engaged with the
inclined surface of the barrier drive ring which is pushed in the
same direction, which causes the barrier drive ring to rotate about
the optical axis. However, according to this structure, such an
operation of converting a driving force in the direction of the
optical axis into a rotational driving force about the optical axis
results in a large energy loss. Accordingly, although the spring
(biasing device) that biases the barrier blades preferably has a
large spring force to reliably open and close as mentioned above,
the performance of the advancing/retreating operation of the
movable barrel of the zoom lens may deteriorate due to the large
spring force since energy loss in an operation of transmitting a
driving force from the linear movable member to the barrier drive
is large. If the driving force for moving the movable barrel in the
direction of the optical axis is increased to prevent this from
occurring, an excessive load is exerted on a drive motor which
drives the movable barrel.
There is further problem in such lens barrier opening/closing
devices in which the barrier blades are opened and closed by
rotation of the barrier drive ring. Namely, the lens barrier may
not function properly if the rotational center of the barrier drive
ring is eccentric from a predetermined position (generally the
optical axis of the photographic optical system of the zoom lens).
For instance, if the lens barrier is provided with a pair of
barrier blades which are respectively pivoted at a pair of pivots
fixed at different positions in a circumference of the lens barrier
so that each barrier blade rotates about the corresponding pivot to
be opened and closed, and if the barrier drive ring is provided
thereon with a pair of engaging portions which can be respectively
engaged with and disengaged from the pair of barrier blades, the
pair of engaging portions of the barrier drive ring cannot be
respectively engaged with and/or disengaged from the pair of
barrier blades properly if the rotational center of the barrier
drive ring is eccentric relative to the predetermined position. In
this case, one of the pair of barrier blades may not be completely
closed when the zoom lens retreats to the housed position, and/or
may not be completely opened when the zoom lens advances to the
photographing position.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been devised in view of the matters
mentioned above, and accordingly, an object of the present
invention is to provide a lens barrier opening/closing device with
which the lens barrier operates with reliability without
deteriorating the operational performance of the movable lens
barrel.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a lens
barrier opening/closing apparatus which prevents the rotational
center of the barrier drive ring from being eccentric from the
optical axis of the photographic optical axis so that the lens
barrier operates reliably. Other objects of the invention will
become apparent to one skilled in the art from the following
disclosure and the appended claims.
To achieve the object mentioned above, according to an aspect of
the present invention, a lens barrier opening/closing device of a
movable lens barrel driven to move between an accommodation
position and a photographing position is provided, including at
least one barrier blade which is driven to open and close a
photographic aperture formed at the front end wall of the movable
lens barrel when the movable lens barrel is in the photographing
position and the accommodation position, respectively; a barrier
drive ring driven to rotate about an optical axis to drive the
barrier blade; a first biasing device which biases the barrier
drive ring in a predetermined rotational direction; a rotational
barrel which at least rotates about the optical axis when the
movable lens barrel moves between the accommodation position and
the photographing position; a rotational-force receiving surface
formed on the barrier drive ring, which extends parallel to the
optical axis; and a rotational-force transmission surface formed on
the rotational barrel, which extends parallel to the optical axis.
The rotational-force receiving surface and the rotational-force
transmission surface are engaged with each other to rotate the
barrier drive ring together with the rotational barrel about the
optical axis in a direction against a biasing force of the first
biasing device when the movable lens barrel moves from one of the
photographing position and the accommodation position to the other
of the photographing position and the accommodation position.
Preferably, the barrier drive ring includes a drive lever which
extends substantially parallel to the optical axis toward the
rotational barrel, the drive lever including the rotational-force
receiving surface thereon.
Preferably, the rotational barrel includes a recess formed to allow
the drive lever to enter the recess, the rotational-force
transmission surface being formed as a wall of the recess.
The movable lens barrel can be an element of a zoom lens of a
camera.
Preferably, the first biasing device includes at least one helical
extension spring.
In an embodiment, the barrier drive ring and the rotational barrel
rotate relative to each other about the optical axis and move
relative to each other in a direction of the optical axis when the
movable lens barrel moves between the photographing position and
the accommodation position. The barrier drive ring and the
rotational barrel are apart from each other so that the
rotational-force receiving surface and the rotational-force
transmission surface do not overlap each other in the direction of
the optical axis when the movable lens barrel is in a specific one
of the photographing position and the accommodation position in
which the rotational barrel does not drive the barrier drive ring
to rotate about the optical axis via the rotational-force receiving
surface and the rotational-force transmission surface.
In an embodiment, the lens barrier opening/closing device further
includes a linearly movable barrel positioned around the rotational
barrel, guided in the direction of the optical axis without
rotating about the optical axis, and supporting the barrier drive
ring in a front end of the linearly movable barrel so that the
barrier drive ring is rotatable about the optical axis; a radially
inward pin formed on the linearly movable barrel to extend radially
inwards; and a guide groove, corresponding to the radially inward
pin, formed on an outer peripheral surface of the rotational barrel
to be engaged with the radially inward pin to move the linearly
movable barrel in the direction of the optical axis by rotation of
the rotational barrel.
Preferably, the movable lens barrel is an element of a zoom lens of
a camera, and the linearly movable barrel functions as a movable
lens hood which advances relative to the rotational barrel when the
zoom lens is set at a telephoto extremity thereof having a narrow
angle of view, and which retreats relative to the rotational barrel
when the zoom lens is set at a wide-angle extremity thereof having
a wide angle of view.
In an embodiment, the lens barrier opening/closing device further
includes a second biasing device which biases the barrier blade in
a direction toward one of an open position and a closed position of
the barrier blade against the biasing force of the first biasing
device, a biasing force of the second biasing device being smaller
than that of the first biasing device. The barrier blade is driven
by the biasing force of the second biasing device when the barrier
drive ring is driven to rotate against the biasing force of the
first biasing device by rotation of the rotational barrel.
Preferably, the second biasing device includes at least one torsion
spring.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a lens
barrier opening/closing device of a movable lens barrel is
provided, including at least one barrier blade which is driven to
open and close a photographic aperture formed at the front of the
movable lens barrel; a rotational barrel which at least rotates
about an optical axis when the movable lens barrel moves between an
accommodation position and a photographing position; a barrier
drive ring driven to rotate about the optical axis to drive the
barrier blade; an opening biasing device which biases the barrier
drive ring in a direction to open the barrier blade; a
rotational-force receiving surface formed on the barrier drive ring
to extend parallel to the optical axis; and a rotational-force
transmission surface formed on the rotational barrel to extend
parallel to the optical axis. The rotational-force receiving
surface and the rotational-force transmission surface are engaged
with each other to rotate the barrier drive ring about the optical
axis in a direction to close the barrier blade against the biasing
force of the opening biasing device while the rotational barrel
rotates when the movable lens barrel moves from the photographing
position to the accommodation position.
In an embodiment, the lens barrier opening/closing device further
includes a linearly movable barrel guided in a direction of the
optical axis without rotating about the optical axis, the linearly
movable barrel supporting the barrier drive ring at a front end
thereof so that the barrier drive ring is rotatable about the
optical axis.
In an embodiment, the lens barrier opening/closing device further
includes at least one engaging portion formed on the barrier drive
ring to be engageable with the barrier blade; and a closing biasing
device which biases the barrier blade in a direction to close the
photographic aperture, a biasing force of the closing biasing
device being smaller than that of the opening biasing device. The
engaging portion of the barrier drive ring held at a position to
open the barrier blade by the biasing force of the opening biasing
device pushes the barrier blade to open the barrier blade when the
movable lens barrel is in the photographing position. The engaging
portion is disengaged from the barrier blade so that the barrier
blade is driven to be closed by the biasing force of the closing
biasing device when the barrier drive ring is driven to rotate
about the optical axis against the biasing force of the opening
biasing device by rotation of the rotational barrel when the
movable lens barrel moves from the photographing position to the
accommodation position.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a camera is
provided, including a movable lens barrel driven to move between a
photographing position an accommodation position when the power of
the camera is turned ON and OFF, respectively; at least one barrier
blade driven to open and close a photographic aperture formed at
the front of the movable lens barrel when the movable lens barrel
is in the photographing position and the accommodation position,
respectively; a barrier drive ring driven to rotate about an
optical axis to drive the barrier blade; at least one spring which
biases the barrier drive ring in a direction to open the barrier
blade; a rotational barrel which rotates about the optical axis
when the movable lens barrel moves between the accommodation
position and the photographing position; a lever formed on the
barrier drive ring to extend toward the rotational barrel, the
lever including a first engaging surface extending parallel to the
optical axis; and a recess formed on the rotational barrel so that
the lever can enter the recess in a direction of the optical axis,
the recess including a second engaging surface extending parallel
to the optical axis. The first engaging surface and the second
engaging surface are engaged with each other to rotate the barrier
drive ring about the optical axis in a direction to close the
barrier blade against the biasing force of the biasing device when
the movable lens barrel moves from the photographing position to
the accommodation position.
According to another aspect of the present invention a lens barrier
opening/closing device of a movable lens barrel driven to move
between an accommodation position and a photographing position is
provided, including at least one barrier blade which is driven to
open and close a photographic aperture formed at the front of the
movable lens barrel when the movable lens barrel is in the
photographing position and the accommodation position,
respectively; a linearly movable barrel guided in a direction of an
optical axis without rotating about the optical axis; a barrier
drive ring driven to rotate about the optical axis to drive the
barrier blade, the linearly movable barrel supporting the barrier
drive ring in a front end of the linearly movable barrel to be
rotatable about the optical axis; and a pair of ring biasing
springs positioned between the barrier drive ring and the linearly
movable barrel on opposite sides with respect to the optical axis
in a radial direction to bias the barrier drive ring in a
predetermined rotational direction. The barrier drive ring is
driven to rotate in a rotational direction. The barrier drive the
predetermined rotational direction against a biasing force of the
pair of ring biasing springs by a movement of a movable member
provided in the lens barrel when the movable lens barrel moves from
one of the photographing position and the accommodation position to
the other of the photographing position and the accommodation
position.
In an embodiment, the lens barrier opening/closing device further
includes at least one barrier biasing spring which biases the
barrier blade in a direction opposite to a biasing direction of the
pair of ring biasing springs toward one of an open position and a
closed position of the barrier blade, wherein a biasing force of
the barrier biasing springs is smaller than that of the pair of
ring biasing springs, and wherein the barrier blade is driven by
the biasing force of the barrier biasing spring to move to one of
the open position and the closed position when the barrier drive
ring is driven to rotate against the biasing force of the pair of
ring biasing springs.
In an embodiment, the barrier blade includes at least one pair of
barrier blades; the barrier biasing spring includes a pair of
barrier biasing springs positioned on opposite sides with respect
to the optical axis in the radial direction to bias each of the at
least one pair of barrier blades toward one of the open position
and the closed position; the barrier drive ring includes at least
one pair of engaging portions which can be engaged with the at
least one pair of barrier blades, respectively. The barrier drive
ring is engaged with at least one pair of the barrier blades to
push the at least one pair of barrier blades via the at least one
pair of engaging portions against a biasing force of the pair of
barrier biasing springs when driven to rotate about the optical
axis in the predetermined rotational direction. The barrier drive
ring is disengaged from the at least one pair of barrier blades
when driven to rotate about the optical axis against a biasing
force of the pair of ring biasing springs via the movement of the
movable member.
In an embodiment, the linearly movable barrel includes a pair of
first protrusions positioned on opposite sides with respect to the
optical axis in the radial direction, the barrier drive ring
includes a pair of second protrusions positioned on opposite sides
with respect to the optical axis in the radial direction, the pair
of ring biasing springs are formed as two helical extension
springs, and the opposite ends of one of the two helical extension
springs are connected to one of the pair of first protrusions and
one of the pair of second protrusions, respectively, while the
opposite ends of the other of the two helical extension springs are
connected to the other of the pair of first protrusions and the
other of the pair of second protrusions, respectively.
In an embodiment, the pair of ring biasing springs bias the barrier
drive ring in a first rotational direction to drive the barrier
blade to open the photographic aperture, and the barrier drive ring
is driven to rotate in a second rotational direction opposite to
the first rotational direction to drive the barrier blade to close
the photographic aperture when the movable lens barrel moves from
the photographing position to the accommodation position.
Preferably, the barrier biasing spring includes at least one
torsion spring.
Preferably, the movable lens barrel is an element of a zoom lens of
a camera.
In an embodiment, the linearly movable barrel functions as a
movable lens hood which advances relative to the rotational barrel
when-the zoom lens is set at a telephoto extremity thereof having a
narrow angle of view, and which retreats relative to the rotational
barrel when the zoom lens is set at a wide-angle extremity thereof
having a wide angle of view.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a camera is
provided, including a movable lens barrel driven to move between a
photographing position an accommodation position when the power of
the camera is turned ON and OFF, respectively; at least one barrier
blade driven to open and close a photographic aperture formed at
the front of the movable lens barrel when the movable lens barrel
is in the photographing position and the accommodation position,
respectively; a linearly movable barrel guided in a direction of an
optical axis without rotating about the optical axis; a barrier
drive ring driven to rotate about the optical axis to drive the
barrier blade, the linearly movable barrel supporting the barrier
drive ring in a front end thereof so that the barrier drive ring is
rotatable about the optical axis; a rotational barrel which rotates
about the optical axis when the movable lens barrel moves between
the accommodation position and the photographing position; and a
pair of springs positioned between the barrier drive ring and the
linearly movable barrel on opposite sides, with respect to the
optical axis in a radial direction, to bias the barrier drive ring
in a predetermined rotational direction. The barrier drive ring is
driven to rotate in a rotational direction opposite to the biased
rotational direction by rotation of the rotational barrel when the
movable lens barrel moves from one of the photographing position
and the accommodation position to the other of the photographing
position and the accommodation position.
The present disclosure relates to subject matter contained in
Japanese Patent Applications Nos. 2000-22747 and 2000-22748 (both
filed on Jan. 31, 2000) which are expressly incorporated herein by
reference in their entireties.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be described below in detail with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a zoom
lens according to the present invention, showing the overall
structure thereof;
FIG. 2 is an axial cross sectional view of the zoom lens shown in
FIG. 1, showing the zoom lens above the optical axis thereof;
FIG. 3 is a developed view of the inner peripheral surface of a
first cam barrel, showing the contours of first and second cam
grooves formed on the inner peripheral surface of the first cam
barrel;
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the first cam barrel
shown in FIG. 3, a linear guide barrel, a first lens frame and a
second lens frame;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary rear view of the linear guide barrel and
the first lens frame, showing the periphery of an insertion groove
of the linear guide barrel;
FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the linear guide barrel,
a linear guide ring and a retainer ring;
FIG. 7 is a developed view of the linear guide barrel, the linear
guide ring and the retainer ring;
FIG. 8 is a developed view of a second cam barrel and a barrier
drive ring, showing the positional relationship therebetween when
the zoom lens is set at the telephoto extremity thereof (when the
zoom lens is in a ready-to-photograph state);
FIG. 9 is a developed view of the second cam barrel and the barrier
drive ring, showing the positional relationship therebetween when
the zoom lens is positioned in the accommodation position (when the
power of the zoom lens is turned OFF);
FIG. 10 is an axial cross sectional view of the zoom lens show in
FIG. 1, showing the zoom lens above the optical axis thereof,
showing the positional relationship between an external barrel and
the second cam barrel (a first lens group) when the zoom lens is
set at the wide-angle extremity thereof;
FIG. 11 is an axial cross sectional view of the zoom lens show in
FIG. 1, showing the zoom lens above the optical axis thereof, and
showing the positional relationship between the external barrel and
the second cam barrel (the first lens group) when the zoom lens is
set at the telephoto extremity thereof;
FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing variations in axial position
of the sensitive surface (image plane) of a CCD, the first lens
group, a second lens group, and a barrier block when the zoom lens
is driven from the accommodation position to the telephoto
extremity and thereafter to the wide-angle extremity;
FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the barrier block,
viewed from behind the barrier block;
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the barrier block with an annular
pressure plate being removed from the barrier block, viewed from
behind the barrier block;
FIG. 15A is a schematic front view of the barrier block, showing
two pairs of barrier blades in a fully open position;
FIG. 15B is a schematic front view of the barrier block, showing
the two pairs of barrier blades in a half-closed position;
FIG. 15C is a schematic front view of the barrier block, showing
the two pairs of barrier blades in a fully closed position;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the second cam barrel and the
barrier drive ring, showing the positional relationship between a
driven lever which extends from the barrier drive ring and a
rotation transfer recess formed on the second cam barrel;
FIG. 17 is a front view of the external barrel that is supported by
the external barrel to be freely rotatable about the optical axis,
in a state where the barrier drive ring is rotated to one
rotational limit thereof to thereby fully close the two pairs of
barrier blades; and
FIG. 18 is a front view of the external barrel shown in FIG. 17, in
a state where the barrier drive ring is rotated to the other
rotational limit thereof to thereby fully open the two pairs of
barrier blades.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A preferred embodiment of a zoom lens (zoom lens barrel) according
to the present invention that is incorporated in a digital camera
will be hereinafter discussed. Firstly, the overall structure of
the zoom lens will be discussed with reference mainly to FIGS. 1
and 2. In the drawings and the following descriptions, symbols
"(F)", "(L)" and "(RL)" which are each appended as a suffix to the
reference numeral of some elements of the zoom lens barrel indicate
that the element is stationary, the element is movable linearly
along an optical axis O of the zoom lens without rotating about the
optical axis O, and the element is movable along the optical axis O
while rotating about the optical axis O, respectively.
The photographic optical system of the zoom lens includes three
lens groups; namely, a first lens group (front lens group) L1(L), a
second lens group (middle lens group) L2(L) and a third lens group
(rear lens group) L3 (L), in this order from the object side (the
left side as viewed in FIG. 2). The zoom lens performs zooming by
moving the first and second lens groups L1 and L2 along the optical
axis O relative to the sensitive surface of a stationary CCD 12a
(see FIG. 2) and at the same time changing the space between the
first and second lens groups L1 and L2 in a predetermined manner.
The zoom lens performs a focusing operation by moving the third
lens group L3 along the optical axis O to bring an object into
focus. The third lens group L3 functions as a focusing lens group
which is driven along the optical axis O independently of the axial
position of each of the first and second lens groups L1 and L2.
Thus, the zoom lens is an internal-focusing type zoom lens having a
lens construction which allows the focus to be altered by moving
the rearmost lens group provided as a focusing lens group
internally within the lens barrel.
The zoom lens is provided with a housing 10(F) which is fixed to a
camera body of a digital camera (not shown). The housing 10 can be
integral with the camera body to be provided as an element thereof.
The zoom lens is provided in the housing 10 with a stationary
barrel 11(F) that is fixed to the housing 10. The stationary barrel
11 is provided on an outer peripheral surface thereof with a fine
male thread 11a. The stationary barrel 11 is provided on an inner
peripheral surface thereof with a female helicoid (female
helicoidal thread) 11b and three linear guide grooves 11c (only one
is shown in FIG. 1) extending parallel to the optical axis O, i.e.,
extending in the optical axis direction. The three linear guide
grooves 11c are formed to cut across the female helicoid 11b. The
three linear guide grooves 11c are formed at 120.degree. intervals
(i.e., at an equi-angular distance) about the axis of the
stationary barrel 11.
As shown in FIG. 2, the housing 10 is provided with a CCD insertion
opening 10a, a filter fixing portion 10b and a focusing lens group
guide portion 10c. The CCD 12a which is fixed to a substrate 12 is
positioned in the CCD insertion opening 10a. A filter 10d such as a
low-pass filter is fixed to the filter fixing portion 10b. The
third lens group L3 is guided by the focusing lens group guide
portions 10c to be movable in the optical axis direction. The axial
position of the third lens group L3 on the optical axis O is
determined by the direction of rotation of a feed screw 10e and the
angle of rotation (amount of rotation) thereof. The feed screw 10e
extends parallel to the optical axis O from the camera body in the
focusing lens group guide portions 10c. The feed screw 10e is
driven by a pulse motor (not shown) provided in the camera body.
The angle of rotation of the feed screw 10e is controlled via an
encoder (not shown) of the pulse motor.
The zoom lens is provided on the stationary barrel 11 with a
rotational barrel 13(RL). The rotational barrel 13 is provided on
an inner peripheral surface thereof with a fine female thread 13a
which meshes with the fine male thread 11a of the stationary barrel
11. The rotational barrel 13 is provided on an outer peripheral
surface thereof with a circumferential gear 13b (see FIG. 1). The
rotational barrel 13 is driven to rotate about the optical axis O
by a drive pinion (not shown) which meshes with the circumferential
gear 13b. When the rotational barrel 13 is driven to rotate about
the optical axis O, the rotational barrel 13 moves in the optical
axis direction while rotating about the optical axis O in
accordance with the engagement of the fine female thread 13a with
the fine male thread 11a. The rotational barrel 13 is provided at
the front end of an inner peripheral surface thereof with three
inward projections 13c at 120.degree. intervals about the axis of
the rotational barrel 13. As shown in FIG. 1, a flexible coding
plate 14(RL) is fixed on an outer peripheral surface of the
rotational barrel 13 along a circumference thereof, while a brush
15(F) that is in contact with the coding plate 14 is fixed to the
housing 10. The brush 15 remains in sliding contact with the coding
plate 14 regardless of a movement of the coding plate 14 relative
to the brush 15 when the coding plate 14 moves in the optical axis
direction in accordance with the engagement of the fine female
thread 13a with the fine male thread 11a, so as to sense the
rotational position of the rotational barrel 13 as digital and/or
analogue information. The fine female thread 13a, which is provided
on the rotational barrel 13, is provided as a device for supporting
the rotational barrel 13 on the stationary barrel 11 so that the
rotational barrel 13 can rotate freely about the optical axis O on
the stationary barrel 11. However, alternatively, the rotational
barrel 13 can be supported on the stationary barrel 11 so as to be
able to rotate freely about the optical axis O without moving in
the optical axis direction relative to the stationary barrel
11.
The zoom lens is further provided with a linear guide barrel 16(L),
a first cam barrel 17(RL) and a second cam barrel (rotational
barrel/movable member) 18(RL). The first cam barrel 17 is fitted on
the linear guide barrel 16 to be rotatable about the optical axis O
relative to the linear guide barrel 16 and to be immovable in the
optical axis direction relative to the linear guide barrel 16. The
second cam barrel 18 is fitted on the front end of the first cam
barrel 17 to be rotatable together with the first cam barrel 17
about the optical axis O and also to be movable in the optical axis
direction relative to the first cam barrel 17. The linear guide
barrel 16, the first cam barrel 17 and the second cam barrel 18 are
assembled in advance as a unit, and the rear of this barrel unit is
positioned in the stationary barrel 11. The linear guide barrel 16
is provided at the rear end thereof with an outer flange 16a. A
linear guide ring (flange ring) 19(L) is fixed to the front end of
the linear guide ring barrel 16 via a retainer ring 20(L). The
first cam barrel 17 is held between the outer flange 16a and the
linear guide ring 19, and is rotatable about the optical axis O
relative to the linear guide barrel 16 and also movable together
with the linear guide barrel 16 in the optical axis direction.
The second cam ring 18, which is fitted on the front end of the
first cam barrel 17, is provided at the rear end thereof with three
linear guide portions 18a (only two are shown in FIG. 1) at
120.degree. intervals about the axis of the second cam ring 18.
Each of the three linear guide portions 18a is provided with a
spring holding groove 18a1, and a pair of guide grooves 18a2
positioned on the opposite sides of the spring holding grooves 18a1
in a circumferential direction of the second cam ring 18 (see FIGS.
8 and 9). Each of the three linear guide portions 18a is further
provided, in each spring holding groove 18a1 at the front end (the
left end as viewed in FIG. 8 or 9) of each spring holding groove
18a1, with an engaging projection 18a3. All of the spring holding
grooves 18a1 and the pairs of guide grooves 18a2 extend parallel to
the optical axis O. The first cam barrel 17 is provided on an outer
peripheral surface thereof with three stopper portions 17a (only
two are shown in FIG. 1) at 120.degree. intervals about the axis of
the first cam barrel 17. Each of the three stopper portions 17a is
provided with a stopper projection 17a1, and a pair of guide
projections 17a2 positioned on the opposite sides of the stopper
projection 17a1 in a circumferential direction of the first cam
barrel 17 (see FIG. 4). Each pair of guide projections 17a2 of the
first cam barrel 17 are respectively fitted in the corresponding
pair of guide grooves 18a2 of the second cam ring 18 to be slidable
in the optical axis direction relative to the second cam ring 18,
with a compression spring 21 being held between each engaging
projection 18a3 and the corresponding stopper projection 17a1. Due
to this structure, the second cam barrel 18 can slide on the first
cam barrel 17 in the optical axis direction without rotating about
the optical axis O relative to the first cam barrel 17. The
compression springs 21 constantly bias the second cam barrel 18
toward the front of the zoom lens, so that the front end of the
second cam barrel 18 is usually in press-contact with the linear
guide ring 19. The second cam barrel 18 can move rearward, toward
the rear of the zoom lens, against the spring force of the
compression springs 21 by an amount of movement corresponding to a
predetermined clearance in the optical axis direction between the
guide grooves 18a2 and the guide projections 17a2. The second cam
barrel 18 can also be slightly inclined with respect to the first
cam barrel 17 (i.e., with respect to the optical axis O) by an
amount of inclination corresponding to a predetermined clearance in
a radial direction between the inner peripheral surface of the
second cam barrel 18 and the corresponding outer peripheral surface
of the first cam barrel 17.
The first cam barrel 17 is provided on an outer peripheral surface
thereof with a male helicoid (male helicoidal thread) 17b that is
engaged with the female helicoid 11b of the stationary barrel 11,
and three rotation transmission grooves 17c that extend parallel to
the optical axis O. The three rotation transmission grooves 17c are
formed so as to cut across the male helicoid 17b. The three
rotation transmission grooves 17c are formed at 120.degree.
intervals about the axis of the first cam barrel 17. The three
inward projections 13c of the rotational barrel 13 are respectively
engaged with the three rotational transmission grooves 17c to be
relatively slidable to each other. The linear guide barrel 16 is
provided on the outer flange 16a thereof with three linear guide
projections 16b at 120.degree. intervals about the axis of the
linear guide barrel 16. Each linear guide projection 16b extends
radially outwards to be engaged with the corresponding linear guide
groove 11c of the stationary barrel 11. The linear guide barrel 16
is further provided with three linear guide slots 16c at
120.degree. intervals about the axis of the linear guide barrel 16
so that the circumferential positions of the three linear guide
slots 16c coincide with those of the three linear guide projections
16b. Each of the three linear guide slots 16c penetrates the linear
guide barrel 16 radially and extends parallel to the optical axis
O.
As can be seen in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, each of the three linear guide
slots 16c opens at the rear end of the linear guide barrel 16, and
the rear end of each linear guide slot 16c is covered by the
corresponding part of the outer flange 16a and the corresponding
linear guide projection 16b at the radially outer side of the
linear guide barrel 16. The outer flange 16a is provided with three
insertion grooves 16h which respectively extend along a portion of
each three linear guide slots 16c from the front end of the outer
flange 16a to each respective rear end of the three linear guide
slots 16c (i.e., the rear end of the outer flange 16a), so that a
follower pin (cam follower) 22d and a follower pin (cam follower)
23d can be inserted into each linear guide slot 16c from the
corresponding insertion groove 16h.
When the barrel unit which includes the linear guide barrel 16, the
first cam barrel 17 and the second cam barrel 18 is coupled to the
stationary barrel 11 and thee rotational barrel 13, each of the
three linear guide projections 16b of the linear guide barrel 16 is
inserted into the corresponding linear guide groove 11c of the
stationary barrel 11 via a corresponding introducing groove lid
formed on an inner peripheral surface of the stationary barrel 11,
and each of the three inward projections 13c of the rotational
barrel 13 is inserted into the corresponding rotation transmission
groove 17c of the first cam barrel 17 via a corresponding
introducing groove 17d formed on an outer peripheral surface of the
first cam barrel 17. After each linear guide projection 16b and
each inward projection 13c are inserted into the corresponding
linear guide groove 11c and the corresponding rotation transmission
groove 17c, respectively, the female helicoid 11b of the stationary
barrel 11 and the male helicoid 17b of the first cam barrel 17 mesh
with each other.
FIG. 2 shows a state where the barrel unit, which includes the
linear guide barrel 16, the first cam barrel 17 and the second cam
barrel 18, has been coupled to the stationary barrel 11 and the
rotational barrel 13. In this state, rotating the rotational barrel
13 about the optical axis O via the gear 13b causes the rotational
barrel 13 to move in the optical axis direction while rotating
about the optical axis O due to the engagement of the fine female
thread 13a with the fine male thread 11a. At the same time, the
rotation of the rotational barrel 13 is transmitted to the first
cam barrel 17 and the second cam barrel 18, which is fitted on the
first cam barrel 17, due to the engagement of the inward
projections 13c with the rotation transmission grooves 17c, so that
the first cam barrel 17 and the second cam barrel 18 rotate about
the optical axis O. At this time, the first cam barrel 17 and the
second cam barrel 18 also move in the optical axis direction 0 due
to the engagement of the male helicoid 17b with the female helicoid
11b. Furthermore, the linear guide barrel 16 moves in the optical
axis direction without rotating about the optical axis O due to the
engagement of the linear guide projections 16b with the linear
guide grooves 11c, and at the same time the first and second cam
barrels 17 and 18, which rotate about the optical axis O relative
to the linear guide barrel 16, move together with the linear guide
barrel 16 in the optical axis direction.
The first cam barrel 17 is provided on an inner peripheral surface
thereof with three first cam grooves 17C1 for driving the first
lens group L1, and three second cam grooves 17C2 for driving the
second lens group L2. FIG. 3 is a developed view of the inner
peripheral surface of the first cam barrel 17, showing the contours
of the first and second cam grooves 17C1 and 17C2. The three first
cam grooves 17C1 are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the
first cam barrel 17 at 120.degree. intervals about the axis of the
first cam barrel 17. Likewise, the three second cam grooves 17C2
are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the first cam barrel
17 at 120.degree. intervals about the axis of the first cam barrel
17. Each of the first and second cam grooves 17C1 and 17C2 has
three predetermined positions: an accommodation position, a
telephoto position and a wide-angle, in this order along the
direction of rotation of the first cam barrel 17 (the vertical
direction as viewed in FIG. 3). The telephoto position shown in
FIG. 3 of each cam groove 17C1 and 17C2 determines the telephoto
extremity of the corresponding lens group L1 and L2, respectively;
the wide-angle position of each cam groove 17C1 and 17C2 determines
the wide-angle extremity of the corresponding lens groups L1 and
L2, respectively; and the accommodation position of each cam groove
17C1 and 17C2 determines the position of the corresponding lens
groups L1 and L2, respectively, when the power of the digital
camera is turned OFF. The angle of rotation from the accommodation
position to the wide-angle extremity position is shown by "A" in
FIG. 3.
The zoom lens is provided with a first lens frame 22(L) and a
second lens frame 23(L) which support the first lens group L1 and
the second lens group L2, respectively. The first lens frame 22 is
guided by the first cam grooves 17C1 and the linear guide slots 16c
to be movable in the optical axis direction without rotating about
the optical axis O. Likewise, the second lens frame 23 is guided by
the second cam grooves 17C2 and the linear guide slots 16c to be
movable in the optical axis direction without rotating about the
optical axis O. The first lens frame 22 is provided with three
resilient extending pieces 22b which extend rearward from a
cylindrical portion 22a of the first lens frame 22. The three
resilient extending pieces 22b are formed on the first lens frame
22 at 120.degree. intervals about the axis of the first lens frame
22. Each resilient extending piece 22b is provided on a radially
outer surface thereof with a square projection 22c which extends
radially outwards to be fitted in the corresponding linear guide
slot 16c in a slidable manner in the optical axis direction. Each
resilient extending piece 22b is further provided on top of each
square projection 22c with the following pin 22d, which is fixed to
the resilient extending piece 22b to extend radially outwards. Each
square projection 22c is formed so that the opposite faces thereof,
which are respectively in sliding contact with the side faces of
the corresponding linear guide slot 16c, extend parallel to each
other. The zoom lens is provided with a first lens holder 22e which
encloses the first lens group L1 to hold the same. The first lens
holder 22e is fixed to the cylindrical portion 22a of the first
lens frame 22 via male and female threads 22f which are formed on
an outer peripheral surface of the first lens holder 22e and an
inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 22a,
respectively. The position of the first lens group L1 relative to
the first lens frame 22 in the optical axis direction can be
adjusted by varying the amount of engagement between the male and
female threads 22f. A wave washer 22h is held between the holder
22e and an inner flange 22g of the first lens frame 22 to remove
the play between the first lens holder 22e (or the first lens group
L1) and the first lens frame 22 (see FIG. 2).
The second lens frame 23 is provided with three resilient extending
pieces 23b which extend forward from an annular plate portion 23a
of the second lens frame 23. The three resilient extending pieces
23b are formed on the second lens frame 23 at 120.degree. intervals
about the axis of the second lens frame 23. Each resilient
extending piece 23b is provided on a radially outer surface thereof
with a square projection 23c which extends radially outwards to be
fitted in the corresponding linear guide slot 16c in a slidable
manner in the optical axis direction. Each resilient extending
piece 23b is further provided on top of each square projection 23c
with the aforementioned follower pin 23d, which is fixed to the
resilient extending piece 23b to extend radially outwards. The
square projections 23c and the follower pins 23d of the second lens
frame 23 are identical to the square projections 22c and the
follower pins 22d of the first lens frame 22 except that the
resilient extending pieces 23b of the second lens frame 23 extend
in the direction opposite to the resilient extending pieces 22b of
the first lens frame 22 in the optical axis direction. The zoom
lens is provided with a second lens holder 23e which encloses the
second lens group L2 to hold the same. The second lens holder 23e
is fixed to the annular plate portion 23a of the second lens frame
23 via set screws 23f. A shutter block 24 is provided around the
second lens group L2. The shutter block 24 is fixed to the annular
plate portion 23a of the second lens frame 23 via the set screws
23f that are screwed into the rear of the shutter block 24. The
shutter block 24 functions to interrupt light bundles which are
incident on the CCD 12a at a shutter release operation.
Each of the first and second lens frames 22 and 23 is guided
linearly in the optical axis direction without rotating about the
optical axis O by the engagement of each of the three square
projections 22c and corresponding each of the three square
projections 23c with each common corresponding linear guide slot of
the three linear guide slots 16c. Each follower pin 22d penetrates
the corresponding linear guide slot 16c of the linear guide barrel
16 to be engaged with the corresponding first cam groove 17C1 of
the first cam barrel 17, which is fitted on the linear guide barrel
16 to be rotatable about the optical axis relative to linear guide
barrel 16. Likewise, each follower pin 23d penetrates the
corresponding linear guide slot 16c of the linear guide barrel 16
to be engaged with the corresponding second cam groove 17C2 of the
first cam barrel 17. When the first and second lens frames 22 and
23 are placed in the linear guide barrel 16 and the first cam
barrel 17, firstly each of the three square projections 22c and
corresponding one of the three square projections 23c are inserted
into a corresponding linear guide slot of the three linear guide
slots 16c from the rear end face of the linear guide barrel 16. At
the same time, each of the three follower pins 22d and
corresponding one of the three following pins 23d are inserted into
corresponding one of the three insertion grooves 16h to be fitted
in the corresponding first and second cam grooves 17C1 and 17C2,
respectively. It should be noted that the hatched areas of the
first and second cam grooves 17C1 and 17C2 in FIG. 3 are used
solely for the purpose of inserting each follower pin 22d or 23d
into the corresponding cam groove 17C1 or 17C2 during assembly, and
thus are not used when the zoom lens is in operation.
According to the above described guide structure, rotating the
rotational barrel 13 about the optical axis O causes the barrel
unit which includes the linear guide barrel 16, the first cam
barrel 17 and the second cam barrel 18 to move in the optical axis
direction. During this movement of the barrel unit, the first and
second cam barrels 17 and 18 rotate together about the optical axis
O, but the linear guide barrel 16 does not rotate about the optical
axis O. As a result, the first lens frame 22 (the first lens group
L1) and the second lens frame 23 (the second lens group L2)
linearly move in the optical axis direction while changing the
space therebetween in accordance with the contours of the first and
second cam grooves 17C1 and 17C2 to thereby carry out a zooming
operation.
The coupling structure of the linear guide ring 19 and the retainer
ring 20 to the front end of the linear guide barrel 16 will be
hereafter discussed with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. The linear
guide barrel 16 is provided, at the front end thereof at
120.degree. intervals about the axis of the linear guide barrel 16,
with three engaging lugs 16d each of which extends radially
outwards. A receiving area 16e is formed between any two adjacent
engaging lugs 16d of the linear guide barrel 16 in order to receive
one of three radially inward projections 19a of the linear guide
ring 19. The linear guide barrel 16 is provided immediately behind
the three engaging lugs 16d with three grooves 16f, respectively.
The radius of the linear guide barrel 16 from the axis of the
linear guide barrel 16 to the bottom surface of each groove 16f is
identical to the radius from the axis of the linear guide barrel 16
to the surface of each receiving area 16e. The linear guide barrel
16 is provided behind the three engaging lugs 16d with three
recesses 16g, respectively, each of which is connected with the
corresponding groove 16f. Each recess 16g is recessed rearward
(toward the right as viewed in FIG. 7) in the direction parallel to
the optical axis O, i.e., in the optical axis direction.
On the other hand, the linear guide ring 19 is provided with the
aforementioned three inward projections 19a at 120.degree.
intervals about the axis of the linear guide ring 19. The three
inward projections 19a can be inserted into the three receiving
areas 16e, respectively. If the linear guide ring 19 is rotated
about the axis thereof clockwise as viewed in FIG. 6 relative to
the linear guide barrel 16 with the three inward projections 19a
being properly inserted into the three receiving areas 16e,
respectively, each inward projection 19a slides into the
corresponding groove 16f. The linear guide ring 19 is provided with
three radially outward projections 19b at 120.degree. intervals
about the axis of the linear guide ring 19. The circumferential
positions of the three outward projections 19b are precisely
determined with reference to the circumferential positions of the
three inward projections 19a.
The retainer ring 20 is provided with radially inward blades 20a at
120.degree. intervals about the axis of the retainer ring 20. The
three inward blades 20a can be inserted into the three receiving
areas 16e of the linear guide barrel 16, respectively. If the
retainer ring 20 is rotated about the axis thereof clockwise as
viewed in FIG. 6 relative to the linear guide barrel 16 with the
three inward blades 20a being properly inserted into the three
receiving areas 16e, respectively, each inward blade 20a slides
into the corresponding groove 16f. The retainer ring 20 is provided
on the front end face thereof with a plurality of grooves 20b which
are recessed rearward, toward the linear guide barrel 16, so that a
pin face wrench (not shown) can be engaged with the recessed
portions 20b to rotate the retainer ring 20 relative to the linear
guide barrel 16.
When the linear guide ring 19 is fixed to the front end of the
linear guide barrel 16, firstly the three inward projections 19a
are respectively inserted into the three receiving areas 16e, and
then the linear guide ring 19 is rotated about the axis thereof
clockwise as viewed in FIG. 6 relative to the linear guide barrel
16 so that each inward projection 19a slides into the corresponding
groove 16f. Subsequently, each inward projection 19a is made to be
filled in the corresponding recess 16g. This engagement of each
inward projection 19a with the corresponding recess 16g determines
the fixed circumferential position of the linear guide ring 19
relative to the linear guide barrel 16. Subsequently, the inward
blades 20a of the retainer ring 20 are respectively inserted into
the three receiving areas 16e, and then the retainer ring 20 is
rotated about the axis thereof clockwise as viewed in FIG. 6
relative to the linear guide barrel 16 so that each inward blade
20a slides into the corresponding groove 16f and presses the
corresponding inward projection 19a into the corresponding recess
16g. This prevents the linear guide ring 19 from moving in the
optical axis direction relative to the linear guide barrel 16. In
this state, since each of the three inward blades 20a of the
retainer ring 20 is held in one of the three grooves 16f between
the corresponding engaging lug 16d and the corresponding inward
projection 19a, the inward blades 20a and the engaging lugs 16d
function to prevent the linear guide ring 19 from coming off the
front end of the linear guide barrel 16. Between the linear guide
barrel 16 and the retainer ring 20 is provided a click-stop device
which prevents the retainer ring 20 from rotating counterclockwise
as viewed in FIG. 6 so that the retainer ring 20 cannot come off
the front end of the linear guide barrel 16 after the retainer ring
20 is properly engaged with the linear guide barrel 16. Three
indentations 20a1 which are formed on the retainer ring 20 and
corresponding three detent 16j which are formed on the linear guide
barrel 16 to be respectively engaged with the three indentations
20a1 constitute the elements of the click-stop device (see FIGS. 6
and 7).
Accordingly, the outward projections 19b of the linear guide ring
19 that is fixed to the front end of the linear guide barrel 16 in
the above described manner are located at predetermined specific
positions (angular positions) relative to the linear guide
projections 16b. The zoom lens is provided at the front thereof
with an external barrel (a hood barrel/linearly movable barrel)
25(L). The external barrel 25 is provided, on an inner peripheral
surface thereof at 120.degree. intervals about the axis of the
external barrel 25, with three linear guide grooves 25a which
extend parallel to the optical axis O. The three outward projection
19b of the linear guide ring 19 are respectively engaged with the
three linear guide grooves 25a to guide the external barrel 25 to
move in the optical axis direction without rotating about the
optical axis O. The external barrel 25 is provided at the rear end
thereof with three radially inward pins 25b which are respectively
engaged with three guide grooves 18b formed on outer peripheral
surface of the second cam barrel 18 at 120.degree. intervals about
the axis thereof.
As shown in FIG. 8, each of the three guide groove 18b of the
second cam barrel 18 defines an assembling position (or a
disassembling position) X at which the three inward pins 25b of the
external barrel 25 are respectively inserted into or taken out of
the three guide grooves 18b of the second cam barrel 18. Each of
the three guide grooves 18b further defines an accommodation
position, a telephoto position and a wide-angle extremity, which
determine the accommodation position, the telephoto extremity and
the wide-angle extremity of the first cam barrel 17, respectively.
The three guide grooves 18b are formed to move the external barrel
25 in the optical axis direction in accordance with the rotational
position of the second cam barrel 18, which rotates together with
the first cam-barrel 17. More specifically, the three guide grooves
18b are formed to make the external barrel 25 function as a movable
lens hood so that the external barrel 25 advances relative to the
second cam barrel 18 (i.e., the first lens group L1) when the zoom
lens is set at the telephoto extremity thereof having a narrow
angle of view while the external barrel 25 retreats relative to the
second cam barrel 18 when the zoom lens is set at the wide-angle
extremity thereof having a wide angle of view. The external barrel
25 is positioned in the wide-angle extremity thereof and the
telephoto extremity thereof in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11,
respectively.
If the external barrel 25 is pressed rearward (i.e., toward the
camera body) by an external force when the camera is in use, the
compression springs 21 function as shock absorbers which can absorb
at least part of such an external force since the compression
springs 21 are positioned between the first cam barrel 17, which
guides the first and second lens groups L1 and L2 in the optical
axis direction, and the second cam barrel 18, which guides the
external barrier 25 in the optical axis direction. Such an external
force is transmitted partly to the first cam barrel 17 after having
been absorbed to some extent by the compression springs 21, which
prevents large external forces from being applied to the first cam
barrel 17. Consequently, the precision of the axial position of
each of the first and second lens groups L1 and L2 is influenced
negligibly by external forces applied to the external barrel 25. In
FIG. 2, the reference numeral 29(F) designates a stationary
external barrel which is integral with the camera body. The
external barrel 25 advances and retreats with respect to the
stationary external barrel 29.
The external barrel 25 is provided, at the front thereof in the
radially inner side of the external barrel 25, with a barrier drive
ring 26, so that the barrier drive ring 26 can rotate about the
optical axis O. The barrier drive ring 26 functions to open and
close two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d (i.e. the front pair
of barrier blades 27c and the rear pair of barrier blades 27d) by
rotating about the optical axis O. The two pairs of barrier blades
27c and 27d together function as a lens protection cover for
protecting the front surface of the first lens group L1 from
getting scratched, etc., when the digital camera is not in use. The
barrier block 27 is provided with a panel (front end wall) 27b
having a photographic aperture 27a, the aforementioned two pairs of
barrier blades 27c and 27d supported by the panel 27b therebehind
to open and close the photographic aperture 27a, and two torsion
springs (second biasing device/closing biasing device/barrier
biasing spring) 27e which constantly bias the two pairs of barrier
blades 27c and 27d in a direction to close the photographic
aperture 27a. The barrier block 27 is further provided with an
annular pressure plate 27f which holds the two pairs of barrier
blades 27c and 27d and the torsion springs 27e between the panel
27b and the pressure plate 27f. The barrier block 27 having such
elements is assembled in advance as a unit. The panel 27b is
provided on a rear face thereof with two pivots 27g (see FIGS. 13
and 14) and two engaging pins 27n. The upper front barrier blade
27c1 of the front pair of barrier blades 27c and the upper rear
barrier blade 27d1 of the rear pair of barrier blades 27d are
pivoted at corresponding one of the two pivots 27g (the right pivot
27g as viewed in FIG. 13), while the lower front barrier blade 27c2
of the front pair of barrier blades 27c and the lower rear barrier
blade 27d2 of the rear pair of barrier blades 27d are pivoted at
the other pivot 27g (the left pivot 27g as viewed in FIG. 13). Each
of the rear pair of barrier blades 27d is constantly biased to
rotate in a direction to close the photographic aperture 27a of the
panel 27b by the corresponding torsion spring 27e whose coil
portion is fitted on the corresponding engaging pin 27n. Each of
the rear pair of barrier blades 27d is provided in the vicinity of
the pivoted portion thereof with a driven pin 27h that is driven to
open the corresponding rear barrier blade 27d against the spring
force of the corresponding torsion spring 27e. Each of the front
pair of barrier blades 27c is provided on an outer edge thereof
with an engaging projection 27i which extends rearward to be
engaged with the outer edge of the corresponding rear barrier blade
27d so that the engaging projection 27i of each of the front pair
of barrier blades 27c comes into engagement with the outer edge of
the corresponding rear barrier blade 27d to rotate the
corresponding front barrier blade 27c in the direction to open the
photographic aperture 27a together with the corresponding rear
barrier blade 27d when the corresponding rear barrier blade 27d is
driven to rotate in the direction to open the photographic aperture
27a. The upper front barrier blade 27c1 is provided on a rear
surface thereof with an engaging projection 27j, while the upper
rear barrier blade 27d1 is provided on a front surface thereof with
an engaging projection 27k (see FIGS. 15A, 15B and 15C). When the
upper rear barrier blade 27d1 is driven to rotate in the direction
to close the photographic aperture 27a, the engaging projection 27k
of the upper rear barrier blade 27d1 is engaged with the engaging
projection 27j of the upper front barrier blade 27c1 to drive the
upper front barrier blade 27c1 to rotate in the direction to close
the photographic aperture 27a together with the upper rear barrier
blade 27d1. Likewise, the lower front barrier blade 27c2 is
provided on a rear surface thereof with an engaging projection 27j,
while the lower rear barrier blade 27d2 is provided on a front
surface thereof with an engaging projection 27k (see FIGS. 15A, 15B
and 15C). When the lower rear barrier blade 27d2 is driven to
rotate in the direction to close the photographic aperture 27a, the
engaging projection 27k of the lower rear barrier blade 27d2 is
engaged with the engaging projection 27j of the lower front barrier
blade 27c2 to drive the lower front barrier blade 27c2 to rotate in
the direction to close the photographic aperture 27a together with
the lower rear barrier blade 27d2.
The pressure plate 27f is provided with two slots 27m through which
the two drive pins 27h of the rear pair of barrier blades 27d
penetrate toward the barrier drive ring 26, respectively.
The barrier drive ring 26 is provided on the front thereof with two
protrusions 26b, while the external barrel 25 is provided in the
vicinity of the front end thereof with corresponding two
protrusions 25c (see FIGS. 16, 17 and 18). Two helical extension
springs (biasing device/opening biasing device/ring biasing
springs) 28 are positioned between the external barrel 25 and the
barrier drive ring 26 so that one and the other ends of one helical
extension spring 28 are hooked on one of the two protrusions 26b
and corresponding one of the two protrusions 25c, respectively, and
one and the other ends of the other helical extension spring 28 are
hooked on the other protrusion 26b and the other protrusion 25c,
respectively. The spring force of each helical extension spring 28
is stronger than the spring force of each torsion spring 27e. The
barrier drive ring 26 is constantly biased by the two helical
extension springs 28 to rotate in the direction to open the two
pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d. The barrier drive ring 26 is
provided on the front thereof with two protrusions (engaging
portions) 26c which can be respectively engaged with the two drive
pins 27h of the rear pair of barrier blades 27d to open the two
pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d. When the barrier drive ring 26
is rotated to the rotational limit thereof by the spring force of
the helical extension springs 28, each of the two protrusions 26c
is engaged with the corresponding driven pin 27h to push the same
in the direction to open the corresponding rear barrier blade 27d
against the spring force of the corresponding torsion spring 27e,
so that the corresponding front barrier blade 27c also opens via
the engaging projection 27i thereof (see FIGS. 15A, 15B and
15C).
On the other hand, the barrier drive ring 26 is provided with a
driven lever 26a which extends from the rim of the barrier drive
ring 26 toward the second cam barrel 18 to be engaged with, and
disengaged from, a rotation transfer recess 18c formed on an outer
peripheral surface of the second cam barrel 18 (see FIGS. 8, 9 and
16). Since the barrier drive ring 26 is supported by the external
barrel 25 to be rotatable about the optical axis O relative to the
external barrel 25, but immovable in the optical axis direction
relative to the external barrel 25, the barrier drive ring 26 moves
toward and away from the rotating second cam barrel 18 if the
external barrel 25 linearly moves in the optical axis direction due
to the engagement of the inward pins 25b of the external barrel 25
with the guide grooves 18b of the second cam barrel 18 as can be
seen in FIGS. 8 and 9. The driven lever 26a and the rotation
transfer recess 18c are apart from each other when positioned
within a photographing range (i.e., between the telephoto extremity
and the wide-angle extremity) as shown in FIG. 8. When the zoom
barrel retreats from the telephoto extremity thereof to the
accommodation position thereof, the driven lever 26a approaches the
rotation transfer recess 18c and is then engaged with the rotation
transfer recess 18c to apply a force to the barrier drive ring 26
to rotate the same in the direction to close the two pairs of
barrier blades 27c and 27d. When the barrier drive ring 26 rotates
to the rotational limit thereof against the spring force of the
helical extension springs 28, each of the protrusions 26c of the
barrier drive ring 26 disengages from the drive pins 27h of the
corresponding rear barrier blade 27d. As a result, each of the rear
pair of barrier blades 27d closes by the spring force of the
corresponding torsion spring 27e, so that each of the front pair of
barrier blades 27c also closes via the corresponding engaging
projections 27j and 27k to thereby close the photographic aperture
27a (see FIG. 14). Conversely, when the zoom barrel advances from
the accommodation position thereof to the telephoto extremity
thereof the driven lever 26a moves forwards and then disengages
from the rotation transfer recess 18c to thereby allow the barrier
drive ring 26 to rotate in the direction to open the two pairs of
barrier blades 27c and 27d by the spring force of the helical
extension springs 28. As a result, each of the protrusions 26c of
the barrier drive ring 26 is engaged with the drive pin 27h of the
corresponding rear barrier blade 27d to push the same in the
direction to open the corresponding front barrier blade 27c via the
corresponding engaging projection 27i to thereby open the two pairs
of barrier blades 27c and 27d. Accordingly, as can be understood by
the above description, the two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d
are driven to open and close by rotation of the barrier drive ring
26. It should be noted that the barrier drive ring 26 has only one
driven lever 26a, whereas the second cam barrel 18 has three
rotation transfer recesses 18c formed at 120.degree. intervals
about the axis of the second cam barrel 18. One rotation transfer
recess 18c which is actually used is freely selected from the three
rotation transfer recesses 18c during assembly.
The external barrel 25 that is guided in the optical axis direction
moves forward and rearward in the optical axis direction by
rotation of the second cam barrel 18 in the above described manner.
On the other hand, the first and second lens groups L1 and L2 move
forward and rearward in the optical axis direction by rotation of
the first cam barrel 17. FIG. 12 shows the axial position of the
sensitive surface (image plane) of the CCD 12a on which subject
images are formed through the photographic optical system, and the
variations in the axial positions of the first lens group L1 (the
principal point of the first lens group L1), the second lens group
L2 (the principal point of the first lens group L2), and the
barrier block 27 fixed to the front end of the external barrel 25
(more specifically, the photographic aperture 27a formed on the
panel 27b of the barrier block 27), when the zoom lens is driven
from the accommodation position to the wide-angle extremity via the
telephoto extremity. The contours of the first and second cam
grooves 17C1 and 17C2 of the first cam barrel 17 and the guide
grooves 18b of the second cam barrel 18 are determined so that the
first lens group L1, the second lens group L2 and the barrier block
27 move in the optical axis direction to have the moving paths
shown in FIG. 12. The photographic aperture 27a has a generally
rectangular shape as viewed from the front of the digital camera.
The angle of view in the diagonal direction of the photographic
aperture 27a is greater than the angle of view in the lateral
(horizontal) direction of the photographic aperture 27a, while the
angle of view in the lateral direction of the photographic aperture
27a is greater than the angle of view in the longitudinal
(vertical) direction of the photographic aperture 27a. In the FIG.
10, an incident light ray S on the zoom lens along the angle of
view in the longitudinal direction of the photographic aperture
27a, an incident light ray M on the zoom lens along the angle of
view in the lateral direction of the photographic aperture 27a, and
an incident light ray L on the zoom lens along the angle of view in
the diagonal direction of the photographic aperture 27a are shown
by two-dot chain lines.
A light shield barrel 26d which extends from the inner edge of the
barrier drive ring 26 to the front end of the outer peripheral
surface of the first lens frame 22 is adhered to the inner edge of
the barrier drive ring 26 by an adhesive. The light shield 26d is
rotationally symmetrical about the optical axis O, so that the
shielding characteristics of the light shield barrel 26d do not
vary even if the light shield barrel 26d rotates forwardly and
reversely together with the barrier drive ring 26 about the optical
axis O.
Almost all the above mentioned elements of the zoom lens except for
each spring, the feed screw 10e, the set screws 23f, the follower
pins 22d, the follower pins 23d, the shutter block 24, the radially
inward pins 25b, the flexible coding plate 14 and the brush 15 are
made of synthetic resin. Although each lens element of the first,
second and third lens groups L1, L2 and L3 can be made of a
plastic, at least the front most lens element is preferably a glass
lens for the purpose of preventing the front surface of the first
lens group L1 from being scratched.
In the above illustrated embodiment, although the third lens group
L3 functions as focusing lens group, the zoom lens can be modified
so that the first lens group L1 or the second lens group L2
functions as focusing lens group. In the case where the second lens
group L2 functions as focusing lens group, the shutter block can be
modified to have an auto-focusing function. Such a shutter block is
well-known in the art.
The two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d are driven to open and
close by rotation of the barrier drive ring 26, which is rotatably
supported by the external barrel (linearly movable barrel) 25, from
one limit of rotation of the barrier drive ring 26 to the other
rotational limit thereof.
When the zoom lens is in a photographing position within the
photographing range between the telephoto extremity and the
wide-angle extremity, the driven lever 26a of the barrier drive
ring 26 and the rotation transfer recess 18c of the second cam
barrel (rotational barrel/movable member) 18 are apart from each
other, and at the same time, the barrier drive ring 26 is biased to
be held at one rotational end thereof to fully open the two pairs
of barrier blades 27c and 27d by the two helical extension springs
(biasing device/opening biasing device/ring biasing springs) 28,
which are positioned between the external barrel 25 and the barrier
drive ring 26. In this state, the two pairs of barrier blades 27c
and 27d are acted upon by the spring force of the two torsion
springs (second biasing device/closing biasing device/barrier
biasing spring) 27e, which constantly bias the two pairs of barrier
blades 27c and 27d in a direction to close the photographic
aperture 27a, respectively. However, since the spring force of the
helical extension springs 28 is greater than the spring force of
the torsion springs 27e, each of the protrusions (engaging
portions) 26c of the barrier drive ring 26 is engaged with the
drive pin 27h of the corresponding rear barrier blade 27d to push
the same in the direction to open the corresponding front barrier
blade 27c via the corresponding engaging projection 27i to thereby
open the two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d.
When the zoom barrel retreats from a photographing position, within
a photographing range between the telephoto extremity and the
wide-angle extremity, to the accommodation position, the driven
lever 26a approaches the rotation transfer recess 18c and is then
engaged with the rotation transfer recess 18c to apply a force to
the barrier drive ring 26 to rotate the same in a direction to
close the two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d as shown in FIG.
9. When the barrier drive ring 26 rotates to the rotational limit
thereof against the spring force of the helical extension springs
28, each of the protrusions 26c of the barrier drive ring 26
disengages from the drive pins 27h of the corresponding rear
barrier blade 27d. As a result, each of the rear pair of barrier
blades 27d closes by the spring force of the corresponding torsion
spring 27e, so that each of the front pair of barrier blades 27c
also closes via the corresponding engaging projections 27j and 27k
to thereby close the photographic aperture 27a.
Accordingly, the rotational driving force for rotating the barrier
drive ring 26 in a direction to close the two parts of barrier
blades 27c and 27d against the spring force of the helical
extension springs 28 is applied to the barrier drive ring 26 from
the second cam barrel 18, which rotates in the same rotational
direction as the barrier drive ring 26. As shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and
16, the rotation transfer recess 18c is formed on the second cam
barrel 18 so that an engaging surface (rotational-force
transmission surface) 18d of the rotation transfer recess 18c,
which can be engaged with a corresponding engaging surface
(rotational-force receiving surface) 26e of the driven lever 26a to
receive rotational driving force from the barrier drive ring 26,
extends in the optical axis direction, while the driven lever 26a
is formed on the barrier drive ring 26 so that the engaging surface
26e of the driven lever 26a extends in the optical axis direction.
Namely, both the engaging surface 18d of the rotation transfer
recess 18c and the engaging surface 26e of the driven lever 26a are
formed parallel to the optical axis O, so that the rotational
driving force for rotating the barrier drive ring 26 in a direction
to close the two pairs of barrier blades 26 against the spring
force of the helical extension springs 28 is given to the barrier
drive ring 26 from the second cam barrel 18 without substantial
energy loss.
In the case of driving the barrier blades 27c and 27d of the lens
barrier 27 to open or close by utilizing a movement of a movable
member of a lens barrel, if the movement of the movable member can
be transmitted to the barrier blades without substantial energy
loss, the operational performance of the lens barrier can
eventually be improved without adversely affecting the performance
of the advancing/retreating operation of the movable barrel of the
zoom lens. The reason for this will be hereinafter discussed in
detail.
When the barrier drive ring 26 is driven to rotate about the
optical axis O against the spring force of the helical extension
springs 28, the helical extension springs 28 having a large spring
force can be used with a structure which makes it possible to
transmit a movement of a movable member of the zoom lens barrel to
the barrier drive ring 26 with minimum energy loss on condition
that the force of movement of the movable member is constant
because such a structure makes the rotational driving force which
is applied to the barrier drive ring 26 large. As the spring force
of the helical extension springs 28 becomes greater, the driving
force for opening the two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d
becomes greater.
If the spring force of the helical extension springs 28 is large,
the two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d can open quickly
rapidly with reliability. For instance, since the biasing force by
the helical extension spring 28 for biasing the barrier drive ring
26 in a direction to open the rear pair of barrier blades 27d acts
upon each drive pin 27h thereof positioned in the vicinity of the
associated pivot 27g, if the spring force of the helical extension
springs 28 is weak, there is a possibility of the two pairs of
barrier blades 27c and 27d not fully opening in the case where
foreign matter is caught on the rear pair of barrier blades 27d in
the vicinity of the free rotational ends of the barrier blades 27d
away from the pivots 27g. However, this problem can be easily
overcome if only the helical extension springs 28 having a large
spring force are used.
Furthermore, if the helical extension springs 28 having a large
spring force are used, the torsion springs 27e each having a large
spring force can be used because the spring force of the torsion
springs 27e is determined in accordance with the spring force of
the helical extension springs 28 (the spring force of the helical
extension springs 28 is greater than the spring force of the
torsion springs 27e). Similar to the helical extension springs 28,
if the spring force of each torsion spring 27e is large, the two
pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d can close quickly rapidly with
reliability.
Accordingly, the operational performance of the lens barrier (the
two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d) can be improved by using
springs (the torsion springs 27e and the helical extension springs
28) having a large spring force. The driving force necessary for
driving the lens barrier needs to be large if the springs (the
torsion springs 27e and the helical extension springs 28) have a
large spring force. However, if a movement of the movable member
(second cam barrel 18) of the zoom lens barrel can be transmitted
to the barrier drive ring with minimum energy wastage (like as in
the present embodiment of the lens barrier opening/closing device),
the barrier drive ring can be driven to rotate by a normal force of
movement of the movable member moving from a photographing position
to the accommodation position. Consequently, the lens barrier can
be driven with reliability without deteriorating the performance of
the advancing/retreating operation of the movable lens barrel, and
without imposing excessive load on the drive source for the movable
lens barrel.
As shown in FIG. 8, when the zoom lens barrel advances from the
accommodation position to a photographing position, the driven
lever 26a moves forwards and then disengages from the rotation
transfer recess 18c to thereby allow the barrier drive ring 26 to
rotate in the direction to open the two pairs of barrier blades 27c
and 27d by the spring force of the helical extension springs 28. As
a result, the engaging surface 26e of the driven lever 26a and the
engaging surface 18d of the rotation transfer recess 18c do not
overlap each other in the optical axis direction. The present
embodiment of the photographing lens is a zoom lens in which the
barrier drive ring 26 (the external barrel 25) and the second cam
barrel 18 rotate about the optical axis O relative to each other to
perform a zooming operation between the telephoto extremity and the
wide-angle extremity. Due to this structure of the zoom lens, the
barrier drive ring 26 and the second cam barrel 18 are preferably
apart from each other in the optical axis direction so that the
driven lever 26a, which projects toward the second cam barrel 18 in
the optical axis direction, does not overlap the second cam barrel
18 in the optical axis direction to prevent rotation of the
external barrel 25 from interfering with rotation of the second cam
barrel 18 when the zoom lens is in a photographing position between
the telephoto extremity and the wide-angle extremity.
As can be understood by the above description, in the present
embodiment of the lens barrier opening/closing device, the
rotational force of a rotational barrel (the second cam barrel 18)
of a lens barrel is transmitted to the barrier drive ring with
minimum energy wastage, the lens barrier is driven reliably without
deteriorating the performance of the advancing/retreating operation
of the zoom lens, while improving the operational performance of
the lens barrier.
On the other hand, the helical extension springs 28, which bias the
barrier drive ring 26 to rotate in the direction to open the two
pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d, are arranged on opposite sides
with respect to the optical axis O in a radial direction (see FIGS.
1, 17 and 18). The barrier drive ring 26 is provided thereon with
the two protrusions (second protrusions) 26b, while the external
barrel 25, which supports the barrier drive ring 26 so that the
barrier drive ring 26 can rotate about the optical axis O, is also
provided in the vicinity of the front end of the external barrel 25
with the two protrusions (first protrusions) 25c. Accordingly, the
two helical extension springs 28, which are each hooked at opposite
ends thereof over the corresponding protrusions 25c and 26b, are
arranged on opposite sides with respect to the optical axis O in a
radial direction. This arrangement of the two helical extension
springs 28 keeps a balance of the biasing force which acts upon the
barrier drive ring 26 by the two helical extension springs 28. This
is effective in preventing the rotational center of the barrier
drive ring 26 from being eccentric from the optical axis O.
The barrier drive ring 26 drives the rear pair of barrier blades
27d by bringing the two protrusions 26c, which are formed on the
barrier drive ring 26 at different positions in a circumference of
the barrier drive ring 26, into engagement with the corresponding
driven pins 27h. Due to this structure, if the barrier block 27 is
provided with only one helical extension spring 28, there is a
possibility of the rotational center of the barrier drive ring 26
being eccentric from the optical axis O, so that the driving force
of the barrier drive ring 26 which is to be exerted uniformly on
the two protrusions 26c would incline toward one of the two
protrusions 26c. If this happens, because the driving force exerted
on the other protrusion 26c is insufficient, the associated upper
or lower rear barrier blade 27d1 or 27d2 does not fully open and
therefore stops at an incomplete open position when the barrier
drive ring 26 rotates toward one rotational end thereof to open the
two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d by the spring force of the
helical extension springs 28. If the upper or lower rear barrier
blade 27d1 or 27d2 stops at an incomplete open position, the
corresponding upper or lower front barrier blade 27c1 or 27c2 also
stops at an incomplete open position.
On the other hand, if the rotational center of the barrier drive
ring 26 deviates from the optical axis O, there is a possibility of
either protrusion 26c of the barrier drive ring 26 incompletely
disengaging from the corresponding driven pin 27h when the barrier
drive ring 26 rotates toward the other rotational end thereof to
close the two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d against the
spring force of the helical extension springs 28. If this happens,
the associated upper or lower rear barrier blade 27d1 or 27d2 and
also the associated upper and lower rear barrier blade 27c1 or 27c2
do not fully close and therefore each barrier blade stops at an
incomplete closed position.
On the contrary, according to the present embodiment of the lens
barrier opening/closing device in which the two helical extension
springs 28 that bias the barrier drive ring 26 are arranged on
opposite sides of the optical axis O in a radial direction, the
rotational center of the barrier drive ring 26 is prevented from
being eccentric from the optical axis O, so that the driving force
of the barrier drive ring 26 is exerted on the two protrusions 26c
uniformly via the two protrusions 26c. Consequently, the two pairs
of barrier blades 27c and 27d are driven to open and close with
reliability.
Specifically, in the present embodiment of the lens barrier
opening/closing device, the upper front barrier blade 27c1 of the
front pair of barrier blades 27c and the upper rear barrier blade
27d1 of the rear pair of barrier blades 27d are pivoted at
corresponding one of the two pivots 27g, the lower front barrier
blade 27c2 of the front pair of barrier blades 27c and the lower
rear barrier blade 27d2 of the rear pair of barrier blades 27d are
pivoted at the other pivot 27g, and the rear pair of barrier blades
27d are constantly biased to rotate in directions to close the
photographic aperture 27a of the panel (front end wall) 27b by the
two torsion springs 27e, respectively, which are arranged on
opposite sides of the rear pair of barrier blades 27d in a radial
direction. Due to this structure, since the barrier drive ring 26
is biased by the two torsion springs 27e in the direction opposite
to the biasing direction of the two helical extension springs 28,
two helical extension springs 28 are required to bias the barrier
drive ring 26 with a large biasing force relative to the biasing
force of the two torsion springs 27e.
If it is herein assumed that only one of the two helical extension
springs 28 is required to bias the barrier drive ring 26 with a
large biasing force, the rotational center of the barrier drive
ring 26 can deviate easily from the optical axis O since the
biasing force by the two helical extension springs 28 will not
uniformly act upon the barrier drive ring 26.
According to the present embodiment of the lens barrier
opening/closing device, the arrangement wherein the two helical
extension springs 28 are provided to correspond to the two torsion
springs 27e keeps a balance of the biasing force which acts upon
the barrier drive ring 26 by the two helical extension springs 28,
which prevents the rotational center of the barrier drive ring 26
from being eccentric from the optical axis O.
In a lens barrier opening/closing device which utilizes spring
force to open and close the barrier blades 27c and 27d, the barrier
blades 27c and 27d can be reliably opened and closed with springs
each having a large spring force for biasing the barrier drive ring
or the barrier blades. However, if there is only one spring for
biasing the barrier drive ring, a possibility of the rotational
center of the barrier drive ring 26 being eccentric from the
optical axis becomes higher as the spring force of the spring is
greater as noted above, so that the spring having a large spring
force cannot be used to bias the barrier drive ring.
Conversely, in the present embodiment of the lens barrier
opening/closing device, even if each of the two helical extension
springs 28 has a large spring force, there is no possibility of the
rotational center of the barrier drive ring 26 being eccentric from
the optical axis as long as the biasing force by the two helical
extension springs 28 uniformly acts upon the barrier drive ring 26.
The spring force of the two torsion springs 27e, which bias the
rear pair of barrier blades 27d in a direction to close the
photographic aperture 27a, is determined in accordance with the
spring force of the two helical extension springs 28 so that the
spring force of the two torsion springs 27e is smaller than that of
the two helical extension springs 28. Therefore, if the spring
force of the two helical extension springs 28 is large, the two
torsion springs 27e having a strong spring force can be used.
Namely, the arrangement wherein the helical extension springs 28
are arranged on opposite sides with respect to the optical axis O
in a radial direction with the use of springs each having a large
spring force improves the operational performance of the lens
barrier.
As can be understood by the above description, in the present
embodiment of the lens barrier opening/closing device according to
the present invention, the barrier blades can be driven to open and
close with reliability due to the arrangement wherein two springs,
which bias the barrier drive ring to rotate in a direction to open
the barrier blades, are arranged on opposite sides with respect to
the optical axis in a radial direction.
The present invention is not limited solely to the above
illustrated embodiment.
For instance, although the lens barrier opening/closing device is
incorporated in a zoom lens in the above illustrated embodiment,
the lens barrier opening/closing device can be incorporated in a
normal lens having a fixed focal length as long as the lens barrel
moves between an accommodation position thereof and a photographing
position thereof.
In the present embodiment of the lens barrier opening/closing
device according to the present invention, the barrier drive ring
26 is constantly biased in a direction to open the pair of barrier
blades 27c and 27d by springs (torsion springs 27e), while the
barrier drive ring 26 is biased in the opposite direction to close
the barrier blades against the spring force by a strong driving
force given to the barrier drive ring 26 from the second cam barrel
18 only when the zoom lens barrel is in the accommodation position.
The reason why this structure has been adopted is that it is not
practical to make the barrier drive ring 26 and the second cam
barrel 18 remain engaged with each other in the photographing
position between the telephoto extremity and the wide-angle
extremity because of the structure of the zoom lens wherein the
barrier drive ring 26 and the second cam barrel 18 rotate about the
optical axis relative to each other and more in the optical axis
direction relative to each other in the photographing position
between the telephoto extremity and the wide-angle extremity.
However, from the aforementioned view point of transmitting a
movement of a rotational barrel (second cam barrel 18) of the zoom
lens barrel to the barrier blades without energy loss, the
relationship between the direction of biasing the barrier drive
ring 26 to open the two pairs of barrier blades 27c and 27d and the
direction of force of movement given to the barrier drive ring 26
by the rotational barrel (the second cam barrel 18) against the
biasing force exerted on the barrier drive ring 26 can be reversed
relative to the relationship in the present embodiment. Namely, in
theory, the barrier drive ring 26 and the rotational barrel (the
second cam barrel 18) can be made to be discharged from each other
with the barrier blades being fully closed by a biasing device
which biases the barrier drive ring when the zoom lens is in the
accommodation position, while the barrier drive ring and the
rotational barrel can be made to be engaged with each other to
rotate the barrier drive ring in a direction to open the barrier
blades against the biasing force when the zoom lens advances from
the accommodation position to the photographing position. In this
case, the biasing device for biasing the barrier blades which
corresponds to the torsion springs 27e of the above illustrated
embodiment is adapted to bias the barrier blades to open, contrary
to the biasing direction of the torsion springs 27e of the above
illustrated embodiment.
In the present embodiment of the lens barrier opening/closing
device according to the present invention, the barrier drive ring
26 is constantly biased in a direction to open the barrier blades
by the two helical extension springs 28, while the barrier drive
ring 26 is biased in the opposite direction to close the barrier
blades against the spring force by a strong driving force given to
the barrier drive ring 26 from the second cam barrel 18 only when
the zoom lens barrel is in the accommodation position.
However, the relationship between the direction of biasing the
barrier drive ring 26 to open the two pairs of barrier blades 27c
and 27d by the two helical extension springs 28 and the direction
of force of movement applied to the barrier drive ring 26 by the
second cam barrel 18 against the biasing force exerted on the
barrier drive ring 26 can be reversed. Namely, the barrier drive
ring 26 and the rotational barrel (second cam barrel 18) can be
made to disengage from each other with the barrel blades 27c and
27d being fully closed by a biasing device which biases the barrier
drive ring 26 when the zoom lens is in the accommodation position,
while the barrier drive ring 26 and the rotational barrel (second
cam barrel 18) can be made to engage with each other to rotate the
barrier drive ring 26 in a direction to open the barrier blades 27c
and 27d against the biasing force when the zoom lens advances from
the accommodation position to the photographing position. In this
case, a faulty operation in which the barrier blades 27c and 27d do
not fully open or close when the zoom lens is in the photographing
position and the accommodation position, respectively, can be
prevented from occurring if only a deviation of the rotational
center of the barrier drive ring 26 from the optical axis can be
prevented from occurring by arranging two springs for biasing the
barrier drive ring 26 on opposite sides of the barrier blades 27c
and 27d in a radial direction. In this case, the biasing device for
biasing the barrier blades 27c and 27d which corresponds to the
torsion springs 27e of the above illustrated embodiment is adapted
to bias the barrier blades 27c and 27d open, contrary to the
biasing direction of the torsion springs 27e of the above
illustrated embodiment.
As can be understood from the foregoing, according to the present
invention, a lens barrier opening/closing apparatus with which the
lens barrier operates with reliability without deteriorating the
operational performance of the movable lens barrel can be obtained.
Moreover, a lens barrier opening/closing apparatus which prevents
the rotational center of the barrier drive ring from being
eccentric from the optical axis of the photographic optical axis so
that the lens barrier operates with reliability can be
obtained.
Obvious changes may be made in the specific embodiment of the
present invention described herein, such modifications being within
the spirit and scope of the invention claimed. It is indicated that
all manner contained herein is illustrative and does not limit the
scope of the present invention.
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