U.S. patent number RE38,321 [Application Number 09/313,560] was granted by the patent office on 2003-11-18 for transparent hologram seal.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Takahiro Harada, Kazuhisa Hoshino, Mitsuru Kano, Satoshi Kitamura, Nagahisa Matsudaira, Fuminobu Noguchi, Tsutomu Shikakubo, Haruo Uyama.
United States Patent |
RE38,321 |
Uyama , et al. |
November 18, 2003 |
Transparent hologram seal
Abstract
A hologram forming layer, transparent evaporated layer, colored
layer, adhesion anchor layer, and adhesive layer are sequentially
laminated on the under surface of a base member. The laminated body
is used as a seal by the presence of the adhesive layer. It is
preferable for the base member to have adequate rigidity
(flexibility, tensile strength) and surface flatness. The hologram
forming layer has a relief type hologram image. The transparent
evaporated layer is a multi-layered ceramic layer constructed by
alternately laminating high-refractive index layers and
low-refractive index layers and the thickness thereof is preferably
set to 1 .mu.m or less. In the transparent evaporated layer, the
color of visible light in predetermined wavelength range is changed
according to the viewing angle when it is transmitted therethrough
or reflected therefrom.
Inventors: |
Uyama; Haruo (Tokyo,
JP), Harada; Takahiro (Satte, JP), Kano;
Mitsuru (Tokyo, JP), Matsudaira; Nagahisa
(Kasukabe, JP), Hoshino; Kazuhisa (Chiba,
JP), Kitamura; Satoshi (Tamana, JP),
Noguchi; Fuminobu (Kumamoto, JP), Shikakubo;
Tsutomu (Shiki, JP) |
Assignee: |
Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.
(Tokyo, JP)
|
Family
ID: |
27340607 |
Appl.
No.: |
09/313,560 |
Filed: |
May 14, 1999 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
Reissue of: |
361370 |
Dec 22, 1994 |
05700550 |
Dec 23, 1997 |
|
|
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 27, 1993 [JP] |
|
|
5-333541 |
Dec 27, 1993 [JP] |
|
|
5-333543 |
Dec 27, 1993 [JP] |
|
|
5-333544 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
428/212; 283/72;
283/85; 283/87; 283/91; 283/94; 359/1; 359/15; 359/2; 359/580;
359/584; 359/585; 359/587; 428/408; 428/469; 428/472; 428/696;
428/698; 428/699; 428/701; 428/702; 428/704; 428/915; 428/917 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06K
19/16 (20130101); G03H 1/0256 (20130101); G06K
19/06046 (20130101); B32B 33/00 (20130101); G03H
1/24 (20130101); Y10S 428/917 (20130101); B32B
2307/40 (20130101); Y10T 428/24942 (20150115); B32B
2315/02 (20130101); G03H 2250/10 (20130101); Y10T
428/30 (20150115); G03H 2250/12 (20130101); G03H
1/0244 (20130101); G03H 1/0011 (20130101); Y10S
428/915 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B32B
33/00 (20060101); G06K 19/14 (20060101); G06K
19/06 (20060101); G03H 1/24 (20060101); G03H
1/00 (20060101); G06K 19/16 (20060101); G06K
019/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;428/1,698,212,469,472,472.2,699,701,702
;359/1,2,15,580,584,585,587 ;283/22,85,87,91,94 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4242407 |
|
Sep 1993 |
|
DE |
|
0 165 021 |
|
Dec 1985 |
|
EP |
|
0201323 |
|
Nov 1986 |
|
EP |
|
0365333 |
|
Apr 1990 |
|
EP |
|
0401466 |
|
Dec 1990 |
|
EP |
|
0420261 |
|
Apr 1991 |
|
EP |
|
0531605 |
|
Mar 1993 |
|
EP |
|
0570120 |
|
Nov 1993 |
|
EP |
|
46-4432 |
|
Feb 1971 |
|
JP |
|
61-292181 |
|
Dec 1986 |
|
JP |
|
64-40878 |
|
Feb 1989 |
|
JP |
|
3-7372 |
|
Feb 1991 |
|
JP |
|
4-17554 |
|
Apr 1992 |
|
JP |
|
5127586 |
|
May 1993 |
|
JP |
|
91/18377 |
|
Nov 1991 |
|
WO |
|
Other References
Robert W. Pohl, "Optik and Atomphysik", Springer-Verlag,
Berlin.cndot.Heidelberg.cndot.New York, 12.Aufl., 1967, p. 75. No.
Month. .
Dobrowolski et al., "Research on Thin Film Anticounterfeiting
Coatings at the National Research Council of Canada" Applied
Optics, vol. 28, No. 14, Jul. 15, 1989, pp. 1-16..
|
Primary Examiner: Turner; Archene
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Staas & Halsey LLP
Claims
What is claimed is: .[.
1. A laminate body comprising: a reflective base member; and a
transparent layer formed on a portion of said base member such that
a pattern is formed by contrast between the portion having the
transparent layer formed thereon and a remainder portion, the
transparent layer having a laminated structure of first and second
ceramic materials having different refractive indices, the first
and second ceramic materials being laminated by an evaporation
method, the transparent layer selectively absorbing incident light
rays such that a peak wavelength of absorption is shifted in an
amount which depends on an angle of incidence of incident light
rays, the selective absorption causing light emitted from the
laminated body to have a color which varies depending on the angle
of incidence of incident light rays, the color variation being
detectable by an optical instrument..]. .[.
2. The laminated body according to claim 1, wherein said first
ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of magnesium
oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride,
cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide and said
second ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of
titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide,
indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum oxide..]..[.
3. The laminated body according to claim 1, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of one of groups III to VI or formed of an oxide, carbide,
nitride, or boride of an element of one of groups III to
VI..]..[.
4. The laminated body according to claim 1, further comprising a
protection layer, which serves as an outer resistant member for
said laminated body and is formed of diamond-like carbon, silicon
carbide or boron carbide..]..[.
5. The laminated body according to claim 1, wherein said reflective
base member reflects substantially all of the light incident
thereon..].
6. A laminated body comprising: a reflective base member; and a
transparent layer formed on said base member and having a laminated
structure of first and second ceramic materials having different
refractive indices, a first portion of the transparent layer having
a different number of layers in the laminated structure than a
second portion of the transparent layer such that a pattern is
formed by contrast between the first and second portions, the first
and second ceramic materials being laminated by an evaporation
method, the transparent layer selectively absorbing incident light
rays such that a peak wavelength of absorption is shifted in an
amount which depends on an angle of incidence of incident light
rays, the selective absorption causing light emitted from the
laminated body to have a color which varies depending on the angle
of incidence of incident light rays, the color variation being
detectable by an optical instrument.
7. The laminated body according to claim 6, wherein said first
ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of magnesium
oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride,
cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide and said
second ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of
titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide,
indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum oxide.
8. The laminated body according to claim 6, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of one of groups III to VI or formed of an oxide, carbide,
nitride, or boride of an element of one of groups III to VI.
9. The laminated body according to claim 6, further comprising a
protection layer, which serves as an outer resistant member for
said laminated body and is formed of diamond-like carbon, silicon
carbide or boron carbide.
10. The laminated body according to claim 6, wherein said
reflective base member reflects substantially all of the light
incident thereon.
11. A laminated body comprising: a reflective base member; and a
transparent layer formed on said base member and having a laminated
structure of first and second ceramic materials having different
refractive indices, a first portion of the transparent layer having
a thickness different than a thickness of a second portion of the
transparent layer such that a pattern is formed by contrast between
the first and second portions, the first and second ceramic
materials being laminated by an evaporation method, the transparent
layer selectively absorbing incident light rays such that a peak
wavelength of absorption is shifted in an amount which depends on
an angle of incidence of incident light rays, the selective
absorption causing light emitted from the laminated body to have a
color which varies depending on the angle of incidence of incident
light rays, the color variation being detectable by an optical
instrument.
12. The laminated body according to claim 11, wherein said first
ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of magnesium
oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride,
cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide and said
second ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of
titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide,
indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum oxide.
13. The laminated body according to claim 11, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of one of groups III to VI or formed of an oxide, carbide,
nitride, or boride of an element of one of groups III to VI.
14. The laminated body according to claim 11, further comprising a
protection layer, which serves as an outer resistant member for
said laminated body and is formed of diamond-like carbon, silicon
carbide or boron carbide.
15. The laminated body according to claim 11, wherein said
reflective base member reflects substantially all of the light
incident thereon..Iadd.
16. A laminated body comprising: base member; hologram layer formed
on said base member; a transparent evaporated layer formed on said
hologram layer and constructed by a laminated structure of first
and second ceramic materials having different refractive indices, a
first portion of the transparent layer having a different number of
layers in the laminated structure than a second portion of the
transparent layer such that a pattern is formed by contrast between
the first and second portions, the first and second ceramic
materials being laminated by an evaporation method; and an adhesive
layer formed on said transparent evaporated layer; the transparent
layer selectively absorbing incident light rays such that a peak
wavelength of absorption is shifted in an amount which depends on
an angle of incidence light rays, the selective absorption causing
light emitted from the laminated body to have a color which varies
depending on the angle of incidence of incident light rays, the
color variation being detectable by an optical
instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
17. The laminated body according to claim 16, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
18. The laminated body according to claim 16, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
19. The laminated body according to claim 16, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
20. A laminating body comprising: base member; a separating layer
formed on said base member; a hologram layer formed on said
separating layer; a transparent evaporated layer formed on said
hologram layer and constructed by a laminated structure of first
and second ceramic materials having different refractive indices, a
first portion of the transparent layer having a different number of
layers in the laminated structure than a second portion of the
transparent layer such that a pattern is formed by contrast between
the first and second portions, the first and second ceramic
materials being laminated by an evaporation method; and an adhesive
layer formed on said transparent evaporated layer; the transparent
layer selectively absorbing incident light rays such that a peak
wavelength of absorption is shifted in an amount which depends on
an angle of incidence light rays, the selective absorption causing
light emitted from the laminated body to have a color which varies
depending on the angle of incidence of incident light rays, the
color variation being detectable by an optical
instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
21. The laminated body according to claim 20, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicone dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
22. The laminated body according to claim 20, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
23. The laminated body according to claim 20, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
24. The laminated body according to claim 20, in which one of said
adhesion layer and said separating layer is formed in a pattern
form..Iaddend..Iadd.
25. A laminated body comprising: base member; hologram layer formed
on said base member; transparent evaporated layer formed on said
hologram layer and constructed by a laminated structure of first
and second ceramic materials having different refractive indices, a
first portion of the transparent layer having a different number of
layers in the laminated structure than a second portion of the
transparent layer such that a pattern is formed by contrast between
the first and second portions, the first and second ceramic
materials being laminated by an evaporation method; a separating
layer formed on said transparent evaporated layer; and an adhesive
layer formed on said separating layer, the transparent layer
selectively absorbing incident light rays such that a peak
wavelength of absorption is shifted in an amount which depends on
an angle of incidence light rays, the selective absorption causing
light emitted from the laminated body to have a color which varies
depending on the angle of incidence of incident light rays, the
color variation being detectable by an optical
instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
26. The laminated body according to claim 25, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
27. The laminated body according to claim 25, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
28. The laminated body according to claim 25, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
29. The laminated body according to claim 25, in which one of said
adhesion layer and said separating layer is formed in a pattern
form..Iaddend..Iadd.
30. A laminated body comprising: base member; transparent
evaporated layer formed on said base member and constructed by a
laminated structure of first and second ceramic materials having
different refractive indices, a first portion of the transparent
layer having a different number of layers in the laminated
structure than a second portion of the transparent layer such that
a pattern is formed by contrast between the first and second
portions, the first and second ceramic materials being laminated by
an evaporation method; and a print layer formed on said transparent
evaporated layer and having a predetermined printed pattern, the
transparent layer selectively absorbing incident light rays such
that a peak wavelength of absorption is shifted in an amount which
depends on an angle of incidence light rays, the selective
absorption causing light emitted from the laminated body to have a
color which varies depending on the angle of incidence of incident
light rays, the color variation being detectable by an optical
instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
31. The laminated body according to claim 30, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
32. The laminated body according to claim 30, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
33. The laminated body according to claim 30, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
34. The laminated body according to claim 30, in which said print
layer is formed in a pattern form having a color which is the same
as or similar to the color of said transparent evaporated layer
viewed from a specific direction..Iaddend..Iadd.
35. A laminated body comprising: reflective base member; and
transparent evaporated layer formed on said base member and
constructed by a laminated structure of first and second ceramic
materials having different refractive indices, a first portion of
the transparent layer having a different number of layers in the
laminated structure than a second portion of the transparent layer
such that a pattern if formed by contrast between the first and
second portions, the first and second ceramic materials being
laminated by an evaporation method, the transparent layer
selectively absorbing incident layer rays such that a peak
wavelength of absorption is shifted in an amount which depends on
an angle of incidence light rays, the selective absorption causing
light emitted from the laminated body to have a color which varies
depending on the angle of incidence of incident light rays, the
color variation being detectable by an optical
instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
36. The laminated body according to claim 35, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
37. The laminated body according to claim 35, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
38. The laminated body according to claim 35, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
39. The laminated body according to claim 35, in which said base
member is one selected from a group consisting of gold, aluminum,
chrome and nickel..Iaddend..Iadd.
40. A laminated body comprising: a base member; a print layer
formed on said base member and having a predetermined printed
pattern; and a transparent evaporated layer formed on said print
layer and constructed by a laminated structure of first and second
ceramic materials having different refractive indices, a first
portion of the transparent layer having a different number of
layers in the laminated structure than a second portion of the
transparent layer such that a pattern is formed by contrast between
the first and second portions, the first and second ceramic
materials being laminated by an evaporation method, the transparent
layer selectively absorbing incident light rays such that a peak
wavelength of absorption is shifted in an amount which depends on
an angle of incidence light rays, the selective absorption causing
light emitted from the laminated body to have a color which varies
depending on the angle of incidence of incident light rays, the
color variation being detectable by an optical
instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
41. The laminated body according to claim 40, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
42. The laminated body according to claim 40, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
43. The laminated body according to claim 40, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
44. A laminated body comprising: base member; hologram layer formed
on said base member; a transparent evaporated layer formed on said
hologram layer and constructed by a laminated structure of first
and second ceramic materials having different refractive indices, a
first portion of the transparent layer having a thickness different
from a thickness of a second portion of the transparent layer such
that a pattern is formed by contrast between the first and second
portions, the first and second ceramic materials being laminated by
an evaporation method; and an adhesive layer formed on said
transparent evaporated layer, the transparent layer selectively
absorbing incident light rays such that a peak wavelength of
absorption is shifted in an amount which depends on an angle of
incidence light rays, the selective absorption causing light
emitted from the laminated body to have a color which varies
depending on the angle of incidence of incident light rays, the
color variation being detectable by an optical
instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
45. The laminated body according to claim 44, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
46. The laminated body according to claim 44, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
47. The laminated body according to claim 44, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
48. A laminated body comprising: base member; a separating layer
formed on said base member; a hologram layer formed on said
separating layer; a transparent evaporated layer formed on said
hologram layer and constructed by a laminated structure of first
and second ceramic materials having different refractive indices, a
first portion of the transparent layer having a thickness different
from a thickness of a second portion of the transparent layer such
that a pattern is formed by contrast between the first and second
portions, the first and second ceramic materials being laminated by
an evaporation method; and an adhesive layer formed on said
transparent evaporated layer, the transparent layer selectively
absorbing incident light rays such that a peak wavelength of
absorption is shifted in an amount which depends on an angle of
incidence light rays, the selective absorption causing light
emitted from the laminated body to have a color which varies
depending on the angle of incidence of incident light rays, the
color variation being detectable by an optical
instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
49. The laminated body according to claim 48, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
50. The laminated body according to claim 48, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
51. The laminated body according to claim 48, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
52. The laminated body according to claim 48, in which one of said
adhesion layer and said separating layer is formed in a pattern
form..Iaddend..Iadd.
53. A laminated body comprising: base member; hologram layer formed
on said base member; transparent evaporated layer formed on said
hologram layer and constructed by a laminated structure of first
and second ceramic materials having different refractive indices, a
first portion of the transparent layer having a thickness different
from a thickness of a second portion of the transparent layer such
that a pattern is formed by contrast between the first and second
portions, the first and second ceramic materials being laminated by
an evaporation method; a separating layer formed on said
transparent evaporated layer; and an adhesive layer formed on said
separating layer, the transparent layer selectively absorbing
incident light rays such that a peak wavelength of absorption is
shifted in an amount which depends on an angle of incidence light
rays, the selective absorption causing light emitted from the
laminated body to have a color which varies depending on the angle
of incidence of incident light rays, the color variation being
detectable by an optical instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
54. The laminated body according to claim 53, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
55. The laminated body according to claim 53, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
56. The laminated body according to claim 53, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
57. The laminated body according to claim 53, in which one of said
adhesion layer and said separating layer is formed in a pattern
form..Iaddend..Iadd.
58. A laminated body comprising: base member; transparent
evaporated layer formed on said base member and constructed by a
laminated structure of first and second ceramic materials having
different refractive indices, a first portion of the transparent
layer having a thickness different from a thickness of a second
portion of the transparent layer such that a pattern is formed by
contrast between the first and second portions, the first and
second ceramic materials being laminated by an evaporation method;
and a print layer formed on said transparent evaporated layer and
having a predetermined printed pattern, the transparent layer
selectively absorbing incident light rays such that a peak
wavelength of absorption is shifted in an amount which depends on
an angle of incidence light rays, the selective absorption causing
light emitted from the laminated body to have a color which varies
depending on the angle of incidence of incident light rays, the
color variation being detectable by an optical
instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
59. The laminated body according to claim 58, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
60. The laminated body according to claim 58, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
61. The laminated body according to claim 58, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
62. The laminated body according to claim 58, in which said print
layer is formed in a pattern form having a color which is the same
as or similar to the color of said transparent evaporated layer
viewed from a specific direction..Iaddend..Iadd.
63. A laminated body comprising: reflective base member; and
transparent evaporated layer formed on said base member and
constructed by a laminated structure of first and second ceramic
materials having different refractive indices, a first portion of
the transparent layer having a thickness different from a thickness
of a second portion of the transparent layer such that a pattern is
formed by contrast between the first and second portions, the first
and second ceramic materials being laminated by an evaporation
method, the transparent layer selectively absorbing incident light
rays such that a peak wavelength of absorption is shifted in an
amount which depends on an angle of incidence light rays, the
selective absorption causing light emitted from the laminated body
to have a color which varies depending on the angle of incidence of
incident light rays, the color variation being detectable by an
optical instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
64. The laminated body according to claim 63, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
65. The laminated body according to claim 63, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
66. The laminated body according to claim 63, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron
carbide..Iaddend..Iadd.
67. The laminated body according to claim 63, in which said base
member is one selected from a group consisting of gold, aluminum,
chrome and nickel..Iaddend..Iadd.
68. A laminated body comprising: a base member; a print layer
formed on said base member and having a predetermined printed
pattern; and a transparent evaporated layer formed on said print
layer and constructed by a laminated structure of first and second
ceramic materials having different refractive indices, a first
portion of the transparent layer having a thickness different from
a thickness of a second portion of the transparent layer such that
a pattern is formed by contrast between the first and second
portions, the first and second ceramic materials being laminated by
an evaporation method, the transparent layer selectively absorbing
incident light rays such that a peak wavelength of absorption is
shifted in an amount which depends on an angle of incidence light
rays, the selective absorption causing light emitted from the
laminated body to have a color which varies depending on the angle
of incidence of incident light rays, the color variation being
detectable by an optical instrument..Iaddend..Iadd.
69. The laminated body according to claim 68, wherein said first
ceramic material is one selected from a group consisting of
magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium
fluoride, cerium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum oxide
and said second ceramic material is one selected from a group
consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc sulfide,
zinc oxide, indium oxide, cerium dioxide and tantalum
oxide..Iaddend..Iadd.
70. The laminated body according to claim 69, further comprising a
thin film layer formed on said evaporated layer and formed of an
element of III to VI group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride
thereof..Iaddend..Iadd.
71. The laminated body according to claim 70, further comprising a
protection layer on top surface of said body and formed of
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide or boron carbide..Iaddend.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a laminated body having an optical
multi-layered film, and more particularly to a transparent hologram
seal affixed to an article and used for determining the real or
imitation of the article.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, in order to prevent the forgery of an article, it
is considered to make the construction of the article complicated
so that the article itself can be hardly imitated or permit the
real to be distinguished from the imitation by affixing an
accessory which can be hardly imitated to the article.
In the former case, a complicated and fine pattern may be formed in
an article, for example, a stock and bond such as a bank note, the
coloring with a color tone which cannot be easily imitated may be
made therein, or a special material may be used as the material
thereof. This makes it difficult to forge the article by imitation
thereof, dishonest usage of printing technique or illegal copying
by use of a copying machine.
However, with the development of the printing/copying technique or
the development of the digital technology of copying machines or
the like, it becomes possible to easily imitate the article even
when the above fine patterning process is used or the coloring
which is difficult to imitate is used, and as a result, it becomes
necessary to further enhance the fine patterning technique by
taking the above technique and technology into consideration so as
to make the copying and forgery more difficult. Thus, the above
measure in the former case does not lead to a fundamental
solution.
On the other hand, in the latter case, the measure is attained by
simply affixing an accessory to the article and is widely used. For
example, a transparent hologram seal having an image of relief type
hologram formed therein is affixed to an article such as a credit
card, bank note, or certificate, for example, as the proof of the
real article. The hologram seal can be produced on a large scale by
forming a hologram image having an uneven surface and embossing the
same. When the layer structure is taken into consideration, the
seal can be formed such that it will be difficult to remove the
seal or it will be difficult to use the seal again after it is
removed. Thus, if the seal is affixed and then removed, at least
part of the hologram is destroyed so that not only the forgery but
also any modification or change of the article can be clearly
recognized at a glance.
As a conventional example of the above device, a "reuse preventing
certificate stamp" described in Japanese Utility Model Application
KOKOKU Publication No. 46-4432 is provided. The reuse preventing
certificate stamp is formed by partially or entirely coating a
releasing or separating layer on the rear surface of a transparent
plastic film, forming a desired printing pattern on the same and
forming a pressure sensitive adhesive layer on the printing
pattern.
As another conventional example, a "pressure sensitive adhesive
sheet for passport" described in Japanese Utility Model Application
KOKOKU Publication No. 3-7372 is provided. The pressure sensitive
adhesive sheet for passport is formed by partially forming a
transparent release agent layer on the rear surface of a
transparent film base member, forming a print displaying section
layer on the rear surface of the release agent layer and forming a
transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer which is adhered to
the ground paper of the passport on the remaining portion of the
rear surface of the transparent film base member and the above
layers.
Further, a "re-adhesion preventing pressure sensitive adhesive
sheet" described in Japanese Utility Model Application KOKOKU
Publication No. 4-17554 is provided. This discloses a re-adhesion
prevented pressure sensitive adhesive sheet which has a transparent
inter-layer separation or release resin layer formed between a
transparent film base member and a transparent pressure sensitive
adhesive layer and in which an opaque print displaying section is
partially formed on the lower side of the inter-layer release resin
layer.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,705,356 (Japanese Patent Application KOKAI
Publication No. 61-105509), an optical discoloring thin film
product having a considerable color shifting amount according to an
angle and a method for forming the same are disclosed.
However, in the above-described conventional examples, there is a
problem that it is difficult to determine the real or imitation of
the article. Since the construction of the hologram seal is
complicated, it is necessary to carefully check the article by
enlarging the fine portion or comparing the article with the real
article. Therefore, even when a special seal for preventing the
forgery is affixed, the imitation cannot be detected if there is no
sufficient room in place and sufficient time to spare.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems and
an object thereof is to provide a laminated body which is simple in
construction and which can be used to easily determine the real or
imitation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer
body which is simple in construction and which can be used to
easily determine the real or imitation.
According to the present invention, there is provided a laminated
body comprising: a base member; a hologram layer formed on the base
member; a transparent evaporated layer formed on the hologram layer
and constructed by a laminated structure of first and second
ceramic materials having different refractive indices; and an
adhesive layer formed on the transparent evaporated layer.
According to the present invention, there is provided another
laminated body comprising: a base member; a separating layer formed
on the base member; a hologram layer formed on the separating
layer; a transparent evaporated layer formed on the hologram layer
and constructed by a laminated structure of first and second
ceramic materials having different refractive indices; and an
adhesive layer formed on the transparent evaporated layer.
According to the present invention, there is provided a further
laminated body comprising: a base member; a hologram layer formed
on the base member; a transparent evaporated layer formed on the
hologram layer and constructed by a laminated structure of first
and second ceramic materials having different refractive indices; a
separating layer formed on the transparent evaporated layer; and an
adhesive layer formed on the separating layer.
According to the present invention, there is provided a still
another laminated body comprising: a base member; a transparent
evaporated layer formed on the base member and constructed by a
laminated structure of first and second ceramic materials having
different refractive indices; and a print layer formed on the
transparent evaporated layer and having a predetermined printed
pattern.
According to the present invention, there is provided a still
further laminated body comprising: a reflective base member; and a
transparent evaporated layer formed on the base member and
constructed by a laminated structure of first and second ceramic
materials having different refractive indices.
According to the present invention, there is provided a still
further laminated body comprising: a base member; a print layer
formed on the base member and having a predetermined printed
pattern; and a transparent evaporated layer formed on the print
layer and constructed by a laminated structure of first and second
ceramic materials having different refractive indices.
According to the present invention, there is provided a still
further laminated body comprising: a reflective base member; and a
transparent evaporated layer partially formed on parts of the base
member and constructed by a laminated structure of first and second
ceramic materials having different refractive indices.
According to the present invention, there is provided a still
further laminated body comprising: a reflective base member; and a
transparent evaporated layer partially formed on the base member
and constructed by a laminated structure of first and second
ceramic materials having different refractive indices, the number
of the laminated structure being different on parts of the base
member.
According to the present invention, there is provided a still
further laminated body comprising: a reflective base member; and a
transparent evaporated layer partially formed on said base member
and constructed by a laminated structure of first and second
ceramic materials having different refractive indices, the
thickness of the laminated structure being different on parts of
said base member.
Additional objects and advantages of the present invention will be
set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be
obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the
present invention. The objects and advantages of the present
invention may be realized and obtained by means of the
instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the
appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute
a part of the specification, illustrate presently preferred
embodiments of the present invention and, together with the general
description given above and the detailed description of the
preferred embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles
of the present invention in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of a first
embodiment of a transparent hologram seal according to the present
invention;
FIG. 2 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of an experiment
example of the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of a comparison
example of the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view showing one structure of a second
embodiment of a transparent hologram seal according to the present
invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view showing another structure of the
second embodiment;
FIG. 6 shows the state before and after the separation of the
brittle seal of the second embodiment;
FIG. 7 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of an experiment
example of the second embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of a third
embodiment of a transparent hologram transfer foil according to the
present invention;
FIGS. 9A and 9B show the state before and after the transfer of the
hologram transfer foil of the third embodiment;
FIG. 10 shows a pattern for detection of forgery of the third
embodiment;
FIGS. 11A and 11B show a modification of the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 12 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of an experiment
example of the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 13 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of another
experiment example of the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 14 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of a comparison
example of the first embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of a fifth
embodiment of a laminated body according to the present
invention;
FIGS. 16A and 16B show the operation of the fifth embodiment when
it is viewed in the vertical direction;
FIGS. 17A and 17B show the operation of the fifth embodiment when
it is viewed in an oblique direction;
FIG. 18 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of an experiment
example of the fifth embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view showing one structure of a sixth
embodiment of a laminated body according to the present
invention;
FIG. 20 is a cross sectional view showing anther structure of the
sixth embodiment of a laminated body according to the present
invention;
FIG. 21 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of an experiment
example of the sixth embodiment;
FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view showing one structure of a
seventh embodiment of a laminated body according to the present
invention;
FIG. 23 is a cross sectional view showing one structure of an
eighth embodiment of a laminated body according to the present
invention;
FIG. 24 is a cross sectional view showing another structure of the
eighth embodiment of a laminated body according to the present
invention;
FIG. 25 is a cross sectional view showing one structure of an ninth
embodiment of a laminated body according to the present
invention;
FIG. 26 shows the schematic structure of a detection device for the
laminated body of the ninth embodiment;
FIGS. 27A and 27B show a detection pattern of one example of the
ninth embodiment;
FIGS. 28A and 28B show a detection pattern of another example of
the ninth embodiment;
FIGS. 29A and 29B show a detection pattern of still another example
of the ninth embodiment; and
FIG. 30 shows a detection pattern of a comparison example of the
ninth embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A preferred embodiment of a laminated body according to the present
invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of the first
embodiment. A hologram forming layer 4, transparent evaporated
layer 10, colored layer 12, adhesion anchor layer 14, and adhesive
layer 16 are sequentially laminated on the under surface of a base
member 2. The seal is affixed to an article by the adhesive layer
16 and can be observed from above the surface of the base member 2
(upper side in the drawing). It can be determined that the article
having the seal is the real of the article and the article not
having the seal is the imitation of the article.
Since the underlying layer is observed via the base member 2, the
base member 2 must be made sufficiently transparent and is
preferably formed to have adequate rigidity (flexibility, tensile
strength) and surface flatness. For this reason, the material is
not limited to a specified one, but a high polymer film such as a
polyester film, or polyolefine film may be used, for example.
Further, it is possible to form a printing layer such as a pattern
or characters if it does not obstruct the visual observation. It is
also possible to form a protection film on the base member 2 for
protecting the surface. It is preferable to set the thickness of
the base member 2 to such a thickness as to maintain the
flexibility. A method for forming the print layer is not
limitative, but since the function of the present invention cannot
be attained if the print layer is formed on the entire surface of
the base member, it is preferable to print only a simple pattern or
characters on the base member.
The hologram forming layer 4 may be formed of thermoplastic resin
such as polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, or polyvinyl
chloride resin, thermosetting resin such as unsaturated polyester
resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, urethane (meta) acrylate,
polystyrene (meta) acrylate, epoxy (meta) acrylate, polyol (meta)
acrylate, melamine (meta) acrylate, or triazine (meta) acrylate, a
combination of the above materials, or thermoforming resin having a
radical polymerization unsaturated radical. Any of the above
materials can be used if it can be used to stably form a hologram
image. As the hologram image, a relief type hologram image having
an image formed of a fine uneven surface is used, but it is not
limitative.
By adequately selecting the material, it is possible to combine the
base member 2 and the hologram forming layer 4 into a single
layer.
The transparent evaporated layer 10 is a multi-layered (in this
example, five-layered) ceramic layer formed by alternately
laminating high-refractive index layers 6 and low-refractive index
layers 8. For example, as the material of the low-refractive index
layer 8, magnesium oxide (refractive index n=1.6), silicon dioxide
(refractive index n=1.5), magnesium fluoride (refractive index
n=1.4), calcium fluoride (refractive index n=1.3 to 1.4), cerium
fluoride (refractive index n=1.6), aluminum fluoride (refractive
index n=1.3), or aluminum oxide (refractive index n=1.6) is used,
and as the material of the high-refractive index layer 6, titanium
dioxide (refractive index n=2.4), zirconium dioxide (refractive
index n=2.0), zinc sulfide (refractive index n=2.3), zinc oxide
(refractive index n=2.1), indium oxide (refractive index n=2.0),
cerium dioxide (refractive index n=2.3), or tantalum oxide
(refractive index n=2.1) is used. The material and the number of
laminated layers are not limitative.
The transparent evaporated layer 10 may be formed by means of any
film-forming method if the thickness of the film can be controlled.
Since a dry type method is superior, a physical vapor-deposition
method such as a spattering or a chemical vapor-deposition method
can be used. It is desired that the thickness of the transparent
evaporated layer 10 is not greater than 1 .mu.m. If the thickness
is greater than 1 .mu.m, the flexibility is degraded and a crack
may be appeared in the layer.
Since the hologram forming layer 4 is an organic polymer having a
low-refractive index layer, it is desired that the layer below the
hologram forming layer 4 is high-refractive index layer 6.
The optical path length in the transparent evaporated layer 10 is
changed if an angle at which it is viewed is changed when a visible
light ray of specified wavelength range is transmitted or
reflected, and the transmission light or reflected light is
observed as a light of different color. Therefore, even when the
seal is superficially forged, it is easy to determine the real or
imitation by observing a change in color caused by changing the
viewing angle. In general, the spectral characteristic varies
depending on the number of layers of the evaporated layer 10.
As one example of the colored layer 12, a colored layer colored by
use of ceramic or colored transparent ink is provided. Since the
color change can be variously attained and can be easily observed
by providing the colored layer 12, it becomes easier to detect the
forgery.
The adhesion anchor layer 14 is provided to attain the stable
adhesion of the colored layer 12 to the adhesive layer 16. The
adhesion anchor layer 14 may be formed of any material if it does
not change the quality of the transparent evaporated layer 10 or
erode the layer. For example, epoxy resin may be used.
The colored layer 12 and the adhesion anchor layer 14 are not
necessarily provided.
As the adhesive layer 16, an adhesive agent usually used can be
used if it does not change the quality of the transparent
evaporated layer 10 or erode the layer. For example, vinyl
chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylic-series adhesive agent,
polyester-series polyamide or the like can be used.
Next, the results of measurements of variations in visible spectra
of the transparent hologram seals with the above structure
according to the present invention and hologram seals used for
comparison measured by use of an invisible/visible
spectrophotometer are shown.
(Experiment 11)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8 of the evaporated layer 10:
magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6 of the evaporated layer 10: zinc
sulfide;
The number of layers of the layer 10: 5;
The film thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 12)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 13)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zirconium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layers of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 14)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zinc sulfide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Comparison Example 11)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zinc sulfide;
The number of layers of the layer 10: 3;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Comparison Example 12)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zinc sulfide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 7;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
Color changes of the reflected light caused when a visible light
ray is made incident on the hologram seals of the above experiments
and comparison examples and the incident direction is changed from
the right angles to 45 degrees are shown in the following tables 1
and 2.
TABLE 1 First Second Third Fourth Fifth Color Ex. Layer Layer Layer
Layer Layer Change 1 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS GOOD 2
TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 GOOD 3 ZrO.sub.2
SiO.sub.2 ZrO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 ZrO.sub.2 GOOD 4 TiO.sub.2 MgF.sub.3
TiO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 GOOD
TABLE 2 Sec- Comp. First ond Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Color
Ex. Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Change 1 ZnS
MgF.sub.2 ZnS POOR 2 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS
GOOD
FIG. 2 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of the experiment
example 11. The central wavelength of absorption of visible light
incident at right angles was 550 nm, and the spectrum obtained when
the visible light was made incident in an oblique direction at an
angle of 45 degrees was shifted towards the short-wavelength side
as indicated by broken lines and a color change occurred.
Also, in the experiment examples 12 to 14, the central wavelength
of absorption of visible light incident at right angles was 550 nm,
and the spectrum obtained when the visible light was made incident
in an oblique direction at an angle of 45 degrees was shifted
towards the short-wavelength side and a color change occurred, as
illustrated in FIG. 2. The absorption level varies in accordance
with the material of the transparent evaporated layer 10.
FIG. 3 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of the comparison
example 11. The central wavelength of absorption of visible light
incident at right angles was 550 nm, and the spectrum obtained when
the visible light was made incident in an oblique direction at an
angle of 45 degrees was shifted towards the short-wavelength side
as indicated by broken lines but a clear color change did not occur
since the half-width value of the spectrum is broad.
As described above, according to the first embodiment, the
transparent hologram seal is formed by laminating the hologram
forming layer, transparent evaporated layer, and adhesive layer on
the base member, and when required, further laminating the colored
layer and adhesion anchor layer on the base member and exhibits the
property that a light of specified wavelength range is reflected or
transmitted by forming the transparent evaporated layer by
laminating a plurality of layers of ceramic material having
different refractive indices to a specified thickness, and since
the film thickness is changed according to a viewing angle, the
optical path length in the thin film is changed and the
transmission light or reflected light is observed as a light of
different color. Therefore, it is possible to easily determine the
real or imitation of the seal according to whether or not the color
is changed by changing the viewing angle.
Next, other embodiments will be explained. In the explanation of
the other embodiments, portions which are the same as those of the
first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and the
explanation therefor is omitted.
[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of the
second embodiment. A hologram forming layer 4, transparent
evaporated layer 10, cooled layer 12, adhesion anchor layer 14,
separating or releasing layer 18, and adhesive layer 16 are
sequentially laminated on the under surface of a base member 2.
Also, in the second embodiment, the colored layer and adhesion
anchor layer may be omitted. The adhesive strength of the
separating or releasing layer 18 must be set smaller than that of
the adhesive layer 16 with respect to a to-be-affixed object to
which the seal is affixed, for example, paper or plastic, and may
be formed of any material if it satisfies the above condition and
has sufficient stability in the succeeding processes. It may be an
organic material or inorganic material. For example, thermoplastic
acryl resin, chlorinated rubber-series resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl
acetate copolymer, cellulosic resin, chlorinated polypropylene, or
the above material to which oil silicon, fatty acid amide, or zinc
stearate is added may be preferably used. Therefore, the adhesive
strength of the adhesive layer may be set larger than that of the
releasing layer in a releasing portion (a portion to be left on the
to-be-affixed object) and adhesion of the transparent evaporated
layer to the base member must be high in a portion to be left on
the base member.
The releasing layer 18 is not uniformly formed on the entire
surface, but is formed in a predetermined pattern form. The pattern
may be of any form if it can be visually determined, and a
specified pattern, mark, characters can be used. The pattern can be
formed by use of conventionally known printing means such as
gravure or coating means and can be freely selected according to
the application.
The second embodiment is an embodiment relating to a brittle seal
which cannot be used again after it is separated, the position of
the releasing layer 18 is not limited to the position of FIG. 4 and
the releasing layer 18 may be arranged between the base member 2
and the hologram forming layer 4 as shown in FIG. 5. Further, the
releasing layer 18 may be arranged between the hologram forming
layer 4 and the transparent evaporated layer 10, between the
transparent evaporated layer 10 and the colored layer 12, or
between the colored layer 12 and the adhesion anchor layer 14.
The state before and after the separation is shown in FIG. 6. FIG.
6 shows an example in which the separation or releasing layer 18 in
a patterned form is arranged between the hologram forming layer 4
and the transparent evaporated layer 10. In FIG. 6, for the sake of
simplification, a protection layer, adhesion anchor layer, printing
layer, and colored layer are not shown and the evaporated layer 10
is not shown by a combination of a low-refractive index layer and a
high-refractive index layer.
After the adhesion layer 16 is affixed to a to-be-affixed object
20, the evaporated layer 10 is broken when the seal is separated
from the to-be-affixed object 20. A part of the evaporated layer 10
which corresponds to the patterned separation or releasing layer 18
is left on the to-be-affixed object 20 (the adhesion layer 16) and
the remainder portion of the evaporated layer 10 on which the
patterned separation or releasing layer 18 is not formed is affixed
to the hologram forming layer 4. As a result, the hologram seal
cannot be reused or re-affixed after it is pealed from the
to-be-affixed object, thereby preventing an illegal use of the
seal.
Next, the results of measurements of variations in visible spectra
of the transparent hologram seals with the above structure
according to the present invention and hologram seals used for
comparison measured by use of an invisible/visible
spectrophotometer are shown.
(Experiment 21)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The low-refractive index layer: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer: zinc sulfide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 22)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The low-refractive index layer: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer: zinc sulfide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 7;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Comparison Example 21)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 12 .mu.m;
The releasing layer: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil silicon
added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern form by
gravure);
The low-refractive index layer: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer: zinc sulfide;
The number of layers of the layer 10: 3;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Comparison Example 22)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 12 .mu.m;
The releasing layer: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil silicon
added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern form by
gravure);
The low-refractive index layer: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer: zinc sulfide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 7;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
Color changes of the reflected light caused when a visible light
ray is made incident on the hologram seals of the above experiments
and the comparison examples used in the first embodiment and the
incident direction is changed from the right angles to 45 degrees
are shown in the following tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 Comp. First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Color
Ex. Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Change Brinleness 5
ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS GOOD GOOD 6 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS
MgF.sub.2 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS GOOD GOOD
TABLE 4 Comp. First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Color
Ex. Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Change Brinleness 21
ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS POOR GOOD 22 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS
MgF.sub.2 ZnS GOOD POOR
FIG. 7 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of the experiment
21. The central wavelength of absorption of visible light incident
at right angles was 550 nm, and the spectrum obtained when the
visible light was made incident in an oblique direction at an angle
of 45 degrees was shifted towards the short-wavelength side as
indicated by broken lines and a color change occurred.
Also, in the experiment 22, the central wavelength of absorption of
visible light incident at right angles was 550 nm, and the spectrum
obtained when the visible light was made incident in an oblique
direction at an angle of 45 degrees was shifted towards the
short-wavelength side and a color change occurred.
As already explained with reference to FIG. 3, in the visible
spectrum of the comparison example 21, the central wavelength of
absorption of visible light incident at right angles was 550 nm,
and the spectrum obtained when the visible light was made incident
in an oblique direction at an angle of 45 degrees was shifted
towards the short-wavelength side, but a clear color change did not
occur.
Further, since the seal of the comparison example 22 had a large
number of layers, the strength of adhesion of the transparent
evaporated layer to the base member was weak and cracks occurred in
the transparent evaporated layer when it was bent.
As described above, according to this embodiment, the hologram seal
is formed by laminating the hologram forming layer, transparent
evaporated layer, and adhesive layer on the base member, and when
required, further laminating the colored layer and adhesion anchor
layer on the base member and exhibits the property of permitting a
light of specified wavelength range to be reflected or transmitted
by forming the transparent evaporated layer by laminating a
plurality of layers of ceramic material having different refractive
indices to a specified thickness, and since the film thickness is
changed according to a viewing angle, the optical path length in
the thin film is changed and the transmission light or reflected
light is observed as a light of different color. As a result, since
the color looks different, it is possible to easily determine the
real or imitation of the seal, thus providing an extremely highly
reliable forgery preventing effect. Further, since the releasing
layer whose adhesion strength is weaker than that of the adhesion
layer for affixing the seal to the to-be-affixed object and the
seal is divided into two portions along the releasing layer when
the seal is separated from the object, the seal cannot be used
again.
[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view showing a transparent hologram
transfer foil according to a third embodiment. The hologram
transfer foil is similar to the brittle hologram seal. However, the
separating or releasing layer 18 can be freely arranged in the case
of the brittle hologram seal but it must be arranged below the base
member in the case of the hologram transfer foil.
A hologram forming layer 4, transparent evaporated layer 10,
colored layer 12, adhesion anchor layer 14, separating or releasing
layer 18, and adhesive layer 16 are sequentially laminated on the
under surface of a base member 2. Also, in the third embodiment,
the colored layer and adhesion anchor layer may be omitted.
Further, in order to protect the hologram forming layer 4 after
transfer, a transparent protection layer may be provided between
the releasing layer 18 and the hologram forming layer 4. As the
protection layer, plastic such as polyolefine, polyvinyl chloride,
polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, or polyethylene
terephthalate may be used.
After the adhesion layer 16 is affixed to a to-be-affixed object,
only the base member 2 is separated and the layers under the
hologram forming layer 4 are left on the to-be-affixed object when
the seal is pealed from the to-be-affixed object.
The releasing layer 18 can be uniformly formed on the entire
surface or formed in a predetermined pattern form in the same
manner as in the case of the brittle hologram seal. An embodiment
in which the patterned releasing layer is formed will be described
next.
[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 9A shows the structure of a transfer foil according to a
fourth embodiment and the state thereof before and after transfer.
A base member 2, a releasing layer 18 having a pattern formed
therein, a hologram forming layer 4, a transparent evaporated layer
10, and an adhesive layer 16 are sequentially laminated. Also, an
adhesion anchor layer 14 can be formed between the transparent
evaporated layer 10 and the adhesive layer 16 as shown in FIG. 9B.
Further, although not shown in the drawing, a colored layer can be
formed as in the case of the above embodiments. By forming the
releasing layer 18 in the pattern form, only a portion formed on
the releasing layer 18 can be transferred to a to-be-transferred
object 20 when a transparent hologram transfer foil 22 is pressed
against the object 22 as shown in FIG. 10, and only those portions
of the hologram forming layer 4, transparent evaporated layer 10
and adhesive layer 16 which are constructed in the pattern form are
formed on the object 20, thus forming a pattern 24 for detection of
forgery.
The fourth embodiment may be modified as shown in FIGS. 11A and
11B.
In the modification shown in FIG. 11A, a base member 2, a releasing
layer 18, a hologram forming layer 4, a transparent evaporated
layer 10, and an adhesive layer 16 having a pattern formed therein
are sequentially laminated. Also, an adhesion anchor layer 14 can
be formed between the transparent evaporated layer 10 and the
adhesive layer 16 as shown in FIG. 11B. Further, although not shown
in the drawing, a colored layer can be formed as in the case of the
above embodiment. By forming the adhesive layer 16 in the pattern
form, only a portion formed on the adhesive layer 18 can be
transferred to a to-be-transferred object 20 when a transparent
hologram transfer foil 22 is pressed against the object 22 as shown
in FIG. 10, and only those portions of the hologram forming layer
4, transparent evaporated layer 10 and adhesive layer 16 which are
constructed in the pattern form are formed on the object 20, thus
forming a pattern 24 for detection of forgery.
Next, the results of measurements of variations in visible spectra
of the transparent hologram seals with the above structure
according to the present invention and hologram seals used for
comparison measured by use of an invisible/visible
spectrophotometer are shown.
(Experiment 41)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zinc sulfide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 42)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 43)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zirconium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 44)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zinc sulfide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 45)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 46)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zirconium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 47)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium oxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zinc sulfide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 48)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium oxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 49)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium oxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zirconium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 50)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m;
The colored layer: formed.
(Experiment 51)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zirconium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Experiment 52)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 12
.mu.m;
The releasing layer 18: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil
silicon added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern
form by gravure);
The hologram forming layer 4: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zirconium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
(Comparison Example 41)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 12 .mu.m;
The releasing layer: thermoplastic acryl resin having oil silicon
added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern form by
gravure);
The hologram forming layer: urethane meta-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer: titanium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the evaporated layer: 3;
The thickness of the evaporated layer: 1 .mu.m.
(Comparison Example 42)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 12 .mu.m;
The releasing layer thermoplastic acryl resin having oil silicon
added thereto (the releasing layer is formed in a pattern form by
gravure);
The hologram forming layer urethane mete-acrylate resin;
The low-refractive index layer magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer titanium dioxide;
The number of the layers of the evaporated layer 7;
The thickness of the evaporated layer 1 .mu.m.
Color changes of the reflected light caused when a visible light
ray is made incident on the hologram seals of the above experiments
and the comparison examples used is the first embodiment and the
incident direction is changed from tire right angles to 45 degrees
are shown in the following tables 5 and 6.
TABLE 5 First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Color Ex.
Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Change Transferability 41
ZnS SiO.sub.2 ZnS SiO.sub.2 ZnS GOOD HIGH 42 TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2
TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 GOOD HIGH 43 ZrO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2
ZrO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 ZrO.sub.2 GOOD HIGH 44 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS
MgF.sub.2 ZnS GOOD HIGH 45 TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2
TiO.sub.2 GOOD HIGH 46 ZrO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2 ZrO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2
ZrO.sub.2 GOOD HIGH 47 ZnS MgO ZnS MgO ZnS GOOD HIGH 48 TiO.sub.2
MgO TiO.sub.2 MgO TiO.sub.2 GOOD HIGH 49 ZrO.sub.2 MgO ZrO.sub.2
MgO ZrO.sub.2 GOOD HIGH 50 TiO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2
TiO.sub.2 colored GOOD HIGH 51 TiO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2 TiO.sub.2
MgF.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 GOOD HIGH 52 TiO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2 TiO.sub.2
MgF.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 GOOD HIGH
TABLE 6 Co First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Color Ex.
Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Change Transferability 41
TiO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 POOR HIGH 42 TiO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2
TiO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 MgF.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 GOOD LOW
FIG. 12 shows the visible spectrum of the experiment 41. The
central wavelength of absorption of visible light incident at right
angles was 550 nm, and the spectrum obtained when the visible light
was made incident in an oblique direction at an angle of 45 degrees
was shifted towards the short-wavelength aide as indicated by
broken lines and a polar change occurred. Further, the
transferability was high.
Also, as is the case of the experiment 41, in each of the
experiments 42 to 49, 51 and 52, the central wavelength of
absorption of visible light incident at right angles was 550 nm,
and the spectrum obtained when the visible light was made incident
in as oblique direction at an angle of 45 degrees was shifted
towards the short-wavelength side and a color change occurred.
Further, the transferability was high.
FIG. 13 shows the visible spectrum of the experiment 50. The
central wavelength of absorption of visible light incident at right
angles was 550 nm, and the spectrum obtained when the visible light
was made incident in an oblique direction at as angle of 45 degrees
was shifted towards the short-wavelength side as indicated by
broken lines and a color change occurred. Further, the
transferability was high.
As shown in FIG. 14, in the visible spectrum of the comparison
example 41, the central wavelength of absorption of visible light
incident at right angles was 550 nm, and the spectrum obtained when
the visible light was made incident in as oblique direction at an
angle of 45 degrees was shifted towards the short-wavelength side
as indicated by broken lines and the color change was not clear.
Further, the strength of adhesion to the to-be-affixed object was
high.
Further, since the seal of the comparison example 42 had a large
number of layers, the strength of adhesion of the transparent
evaporated layer to the base member was weak and cracks occurred in
the transparent evaporated layer when it was partly transferred or
bent.
As described above, like the above embodiment, according to this
embodiment, the hologram seal exhibits the property of permitting a
light of specified wavelength range to be reflected or transmitted,
and since the film thickness is changed according to a viewing
angle, the optical path length in the thin film is changed and the
transmission light or reflected light in observed as a light of
different color. As a result, since the color looks different, it
is possible to easily determine the real or imitation of the seal,
thus providing an extremely highly reliable forgery preventing
effect. Further, since the seal is formed as the transfer foil, it
can be easily transferred to a three-dimensional object such as a
compact.
[Fifth Embodiment]
FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of the
fifth embodiment. A transparent evaporated layer 10, print layer 28
and protection layer 30 are sequentially laminated on a base member
82. The above embodiments relate to the transparent hologram seal
or hologram transfer foil attached to another article, but in this
embodiment, no hologram is used and the print layer 28 formed in
the pattern form is used. Further this embodiment has no adhesive
layer and relates to a laminated body for real article verification
provided as a single unit. However, if the base member 82 is
affixed to the surface of an article, this embodiment becomes the
same as the above embodiments. The protection layer 30 is used to
protect the whole portion of the laminated body and is required to
glue no optical influence The protection layer 30 exhibits the
light transmission property for light in the specified wavelength
range, and in formed of resin or the like having good abrasion
resistance to provide the protection effect against friction or
flaw from the exterior, and hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxylmethyl
cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, styrene-myelen and copolymer,
single body or copolymer of methacrylic resin such as polymethyl
methacrylate or polyethyl methacrylate, resin such as polystyrene,
acrylic-styrene copolymer, acrylic resin, polyester resin, chroman
resin, ABS resin, or nitrocellulose, resin having flourine-series
resin or silicon-series resin mixed therein, or solution obtained
by dissolving or dispersing the resin into solvent such as toluene
or xylene is formed by use of the coating or printing method such
as the spin-coating method, roll-coating method, knife-edge method,
offset printing method, gravure printing method, or screen printing
method. Further, as the material of the protection layer 30,
setting resin such as thermosetting resin, ultraviolet-ray setting
resin, electron-beam setting resin can be used, and glass or the
like can be used if it has the above property. Further, it is
necessary to take the thickness into consideration when the
refractive index takes a special value.
Like the above embodiment, it is possible to polar the base member
82 or coat the surface thereof if it does not give a bad influence
on the visual determination of the transparent evaporated layer
10.
Unlike the above embodiment, the laminated body of this embodiment
is observed from the protection layer 30 side.
A predetermined pattern or the like is printed on the paint layer
28, but it is necessary to permit the transparent evaporated layer
10 to be observed via a portion other than the pattern portion of
the print layer 28. The paint layer 28 can be formed by use of the
conventionally known printing method or coating method such as
gravure printing method. The base member 82 in formed of a material
which has the property of absorbing light, and since an optical
multi-layer film 10 is formed on the base member 82, a color
obtained when observing the thin film along a vertical direction or
a color extremely similar to the color is used when the print layer
is printed in one color, and at least a color obtained when
observing the thin film along a vertical direction or a color
extremely similar to the color is used when the print layer in
printed in two or more colors.
Next, the operation of this embodiment is explained. In this
embodiment, a case wherein the paint layer 28 is formed in a stripe
pattern is explained. As shown in FIG. 16A, bar-form stripe print
layers 28 are arranged at a regular interval and portions of the
transparent evaporated layer 10 which lie under the print layers
are exposed between the print layers 28. In this case, as described
before, since the color, of the print layer 28 is the same as a
extremely similar to the color, of the transparent evaporated layer
10 observed when it is viewed in the vertical direction, it is
impossible to distinguish the print layer 28 and the transparent
evaporated layer 10 from each other as shown in FIG. 16B when they
are viewed in tire vertical direction.
However, as shown is FIG. 17A, since the transparent evaporated
layer 10 is constructed by alternately laminating ceramic layers
having different refractive indices to a specified thickness the
optical path length in the thin film 10 is changed and the color of
the transmission light a reflected light is observed as a light of
different color when the laminated body is viewed in an oblique
direction, and as a result, as shown in FIG. 17B, a color
difference a hue difference occurs between the transparent
evaporated layer 10 and the print layer 28 whose color is kept
unchanged irrespective of the viewing angle and the presence of the
transparent evaporated layer 10 can be easily determined
Thus, when the laminated body of the present invention is viewed is
a certain direction, the print layer and the transparent evaporated
layer cannot be distinguished from each other, but when it is
viewed in a different direction, the print layer and the
transparent evaporated layer come to have different hues, thereby
making it possible to easily determine the presence a absence of a
specified transparent evaporated layer.
The color of the print layer 28 is not necessarily set similar to
the color of the transparent evaporated layer displayed when it is
viewed in a vertical direction and it is satisfactory only if the
print layer and the transparent evaporated layer can be
distinguished from each other when the viewing direction is
changed. Further, the print layer 28 can be formed in a desired
pattern such as a character, numeral or pattern other than the
stripe pattern.
Next, the results of measurements of variations in visible spectra
of the laminated bodies wide the above structure measured by use of
an invisible/visible spectrophotometer are shows.
(Experiment 55)
The base member 82: a black polyester film with a thickness of 25
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layers of the layer 10: 5;
The film thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m;
(Experiment 56)
The base member: a soda glass with a thickness of 1 mm;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
FIG. 18 shows a variation in the visible spectrum of the experiment
SS. The central wavelength of absorption of visible light incident
at right angles was 550 nm, and the spectrum obtained when the
visible light was made incident in an oblique direction at as angle
of 45 degrees was shifted towards the short-wavelength side as
indicated by broken lines and a color change occurred. Thus, since
the print layer 28 was famed by forming a pattern of printing ink
of the same color as that which was observed when the transparent
evaporated layer 10 was viewed in the vertical direction, the color
of the print layer 28 was not changed but the color of the
transparent evaporated layer 10 was changed when the viewing angle
was changed, thereby making it possible to clearly determine the
pattern of the print layer
Also, in the experiment 56, the central wavelength of absorption of
visible light incident at right angles was 550 nm, and the spectrum
obtained when the visible light was made incident is an oblique
direction at an angle of 45 degrees was shifted towards the
short-wavelength side and a color change occurred.
As described above, according to this embodiment the print layer is
formed in the pattern form on the transparent evaporated layer and
the color of the print layer is set similar to the color, of the
transparent evaporated layer displayed when it is viewed in a
predetermined direction so that the hue difference between the
transparent evaporated layer and the print layer will be changed by
changing the viewing angle, and therefore, the transparent
evaporated layer which could not be distinguished from the print
layer comes to be easily observed or the transparent evaporated
layer which could be easily observed will come to have the same
color as the print layer and cannot be distinguished from the print
layer. Thus, it is possible to easily determine the real or
imitation of the laminated body.
[Sixth Embodiment]
FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of the
sixth embodiment. A metal deposited layer 34, transparent
evaporated layer 10 and transparent protection layer 38 are
sequentially laminated on a base member 2. In this embodiment, the
laminated body is viewed from above the protection layer 38. As
shown in FIG. 20, it possible to form the transparent evaporated
layer 10 and transparent protection layer 38 on a metal fed 36
instead of using the base member 2.
The metal deposited layer 34 is preferably formed of a material of
high reflection factor and can be formed of gold, aluminum, chrome,
nickel or the like. The metal foil 36 is used as a reflection layer
and a base member and can be formed of gold, aluminum, chrome,
nickel or the like. The protection layer 38 is formed of a high
polymer film whose refractive index is lower than that of a
high-refractive index ceramic layer 6.
Thus, in this embodiment, since the reflection layer is provided, a
shop absorption characteristic can be attained for light rays of
specified wavelengths. The half-width value of the absorption band
is 20 nm or less and is outside the range of color which can be
recognized by human eyes. The peak value of the absorption band
obtained when a light ray is made incident on the laminated body at
right angles is shifted towards the short-wavelength side and a
color variation caused at this time cannot be recognized by the
human eyes. The shift amount varies according to the optical thin
film, but is approx. several ten nm and can be sufficiently read by
use of an optical instrument. That is, in this embodiment, the real
or imitation can be determined by detecting the reflected light by
use of the optical instrument instead of the human eyes.
Next, the results of measurements of variations in the visible
spectra of this embodiment with the above structure measured by use
of an invisible/visible spectrophotometer are shown.
(Experiment 61)
The base member 2: a transparent polyester film with a thickness of
12 .mu.m;
The metal deposited layer 34: a layer obtained by vapor-depositing
aluminum to a thickness of 1000 .ANG.by the vacuum deposition
method;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m;
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range in this experiment
was 620 nm as shown in FIG. 21. When the light is made incident in
a direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side as indicated by broken
lines is the drawing.
(Experiment 62)
The base member: an aluminum foil 36 with a thickness m 12
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layers layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
Like the characteristic shown in FIG. 21, in the optical
characteristic of this experiment, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side when the light is made
incident in a direction at an angle of 45 degrees.
As described above, according to this embodiment, since two types
of ceramic layers having different refractive indices are laminated
on the metal deposited layer or metal foil, the spectrum of the
reflected light is slightly changed according to the angle. By
detecting the change by use of a detector, the real or imitation m
the laminated body can be determined.
[Seventh Embodiment]
FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of the
seventh embodiment. A hard protection layer 40 is formed on the top
surface of a base member 2, and a transparent evaporated layer 10,
a thin film layer 42 formed of an element of III to VI group, the
oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride thereof, a colored layer 12, an
adhesion anchor layer 14, and an adhesive layer 16 are sequentially
laminated on the under surface of the base member 2. The colored
layer 12, and adhesion anchor layer 14 can be omitted.
As the hard protection layer 40, a hard transparent thin film
formed of a chemically stable material such as diamond,
diamond-like carbon, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, silicon
oxide, or boron nitride is used, for example. This can enhance the
resistance to abrasion and the resistance to chemical attack and
can enhance the durability under the severe service condition.
Thus, the forgery preventing ability of the seal and the decorative
effect can be maintained for a long period of time.
Generally, if the adhesive layer 16 is formed to add the function
of a seal after ceramics layers 6 and 8 with different refractive
indices are sequentially laminated, the refractive index of the
transparent evaporated layer 10 which is set in contact with the
adhesive layer 16 is changed to deteriorate the optical
characteristic of the transparent evaporated layer 10. Further, if
the adhesion strength between the base member 2 and the transparent
evaporated layer 10 is insufficient, cracks may occur in the
transparent evaporated layer 10 because of the volume contraction
caused by curing of the adhesive agent. Far this reason, the
simplicity of determination between the real or imitation of the
article which is the requirement characteristic of the forgery
preventing seal is lowered and the decorative effect and the color
thereof obtained when it is visually observed are deteriorated. An
object to which the seal is affixed is mainly a card, video
cassette case or the like which is required to be prevented from
being forged. Since these articles are daily used by various
people, it is particularly required to have the excellent
durability in the severe service condition. However, since a high
polymer film such as polyester or polyolefine is generally used as
the base member film 2 used as the top surface layer of the seal,
it cannot be said that a sufficiently high performance in the
severe service condition, for example, the excellent durability can
be attained. By forming the protection layer 40, the above problem
can be solved.
The thin film layer 42 is formed of diamond-like carbon, silicon
carbide or boron carbide, for example. The thin film 42 is
preferably formed of a material of high refractive index. In order
to form the thin film layer 42 as a transparent layer, diamond
(n=2.2 to 2.4), diamond-like carbon (n=2.1 to 2.3), silicon carbide
(n=2.4 to 2.6), or boron nitride (n=2.0 to 2.2) may be used as the
material thereof, and in order to form the thin film layer 42 as an
opaque layer, diamond-like carbon a=2.1 to 2.3), silicon carbide
(n=2.4 to 2.6), a boron nitride (n=2.0 to 2.2) may be used or the
material thereof.
Since the base member 2 is a high polymer film formed of organic
polymer, the refractive index thereof is low and it is necessary to
form a layer arranged is contact with the base member 2 by use of a
material of high refractive index. A transparent evaporated layer
(multi-layer interference film) 10 is formed by alternately
laminating high-refractive index layers 6 and low-refractive index
layers 8 based on the optical interference theory and the spectral
characteristic varies according to the number of layers. The number
of layers including the base member 2 is even but the number of the
multi-layer interference film 10 is this embodiment.
The thin film layer 42 is formed of an element of III to VI group,
the oxide, carbide, aitride, or boride thereof. By thus forming the
thin film 42 which is hard or rigid and chemically stable and has a
high-refractive index, the adhesive layer 16 can be formed without
deteriorating the spectral characteristic of the multi-layer
interference layers while occurrence of a variation in the
refractive index of the transparent evaporated layer set in contact
with the adhesive layer 16 caused when the adhesive layer is formed
can be prevented and occurrence of cracks in the transparent
evaporated layer 10 due to the volume contraction caused by curing
of the adhesive agent and the insufficient adhesion strength
between the base member 2 and the transparent evaporated layer
10.
By making the thin film layer 42 transparent or opaque, the
spectral characteristic of the transmission light or reflected
light can be freely set according to the color of the thin film
layer in addition to the number of layers and the film thickness,
the decorative effect and forgery preventing effect can be enhanced
and the added value can be made high.
Next, the results of measurements of variations in visible spectra
of the laminated bodies of this embodiment with the above structure
measured by use of a n invisible/visible spectrophotometer are
shown.
(Experiment 71)
The base member 2: a polyester film with a thickness of 25
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zirconium oxide;
The number of layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m;
The hard protection film: transparent boron nitride.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range in the transparent
evaporated layer was 550 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. When visually observing
the film, a transmission light of bluish purple color could be
observed when viewing the film in an oblique direction at an angle
of 45 degrees, and thus it was excellent in the simplicity of
determination and the decorative effect. The adhesion strength of
the transparent evaporated layer to the base member was sufficient.
It is preferable to set the total film thickness of the transparent
evaporated layer 10 to 1 .mu.m or less. If it is set to be larger
than 1 .mu.m, the flexibility thereof becomes insufficient, thereby
causing cracks in the transparent evaporated layer and degrading
the optical characteristic thereof.
(Experiment 72)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 25 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zinc sulfide;
The number of layers of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1.5 .mu.m;
The hard protection film: black and opaque diamond-like carbon.
The visible light in the vertical direction cannot pass because of
the presence of the black and opaque diamond-like carbon. When
visually observing the film, a reflected light of golden color
could be observed when viewing the film in the vertical direction
and a transmission light of bluish green color could be observed
when viewing the film in an oblique direction at an angle of 45
degrees, and thus it was excellent in the simplicity of
determination and the decorative effect. The adhesion strength of
the transparent evaporated layer to the base member was
sufficient.
(Experiment 73)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 25 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon divide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zirconium oxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m;
The hard protection film: transparent diamond-like carbon thinner
than that of the experiment 72.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 550 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength aide. When visually observing
the film, a transmission light of bluish purple color (which is a
complementary color of golden color in the experiment 72) could be
observed when viewing the film is the vertical direction and a
transmission light of reddish purple color could be observed when
viewing the film in an oblique direction at an angle of 45 degrees,
and thus it was excellent in the simplicity of determination and
the decorative effect. The adhesion strength of the transparent
evaporated layer to the base member was sufficient.
(Experiment 74)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 25 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m;
The hard protection film: transparent diamond-like carbon.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 550 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. When visually observing
the film, a transmission light of bluish purple color could be
observed when viewing the film in the vertical direction and a
transmission light of reddish purple color could be observed when
viewing the film in an oblique direction at an angle of 45 degrees,
and thus it was excellent in the simplicity of determination and
the decorative effect. The adhesion strength of the transparent
evaporated layer to the base member was sufficient.
(Experiment 75)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 25 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: cerium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: cerium dioxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m;
The hard protection film: transparent silicon carbide.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film is the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 550 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. When visually observing
the film, a transmission light of bluish purple polar could be
observed when viewing the film in the vertical direction and a
transmission light of reddish purple color could be observed when
viewing the film in an oblique direction at an angle of 45 degrees,
and thus it was excellent in the simplicity of determination and
the decorative effect. The adhesion strength of the transparent
evaporated layer to the base member was sufficient.
(Experiment 76)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 25 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zirconium oxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m;
The thin film layer transparent boron nitride;
The hard protective film: transparent boron nitride.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film is the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was b 550 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. When visually observing
the film, a transmission light of bluish purple color could be
observed when viewing the film in the vertical direction and a
transmission light of reddish purple color could be observed when
viewing the film in an oblique direction at an angle of 45 degrees,
and thus it was excellent in the simplicity .mu.m; determination
and the decorative effect. The adhesion strength of the transparent
evaporated layer to the base member was sufficient. The seal of
this embodiment was affixed to a polyvinyl chloride plate and
rubbed with steel wool (Bon-star (trade mark) No. 00) made by
NIPPON STEEL WOOL Co., but no scar was made because of the presence
of the hard protection layer and it was excellent in the resistance
to abrasion.
(Experiment 77)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 25 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m;
The hard protection film: transparent diamond-like carbon.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was b 550 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at as angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. When visually observing
the film, a transmission light of bluish purple color could be
observed when viewing the film in the vertical direction and a
transmission light of reddish purple color could be observed when
viewing the **film is an oblique direction at an angle of 45
degrees, and thus it was excellent in the simplicity of
determination and the decorative effect. The adhesion strength of
the transparent evaporated layer to the base member was sufficient.
The seal of this embodiment was affixed to a polyvinyl chloride
plate and rubbed with steel wool (Bon-star No. 00) made by NIPPON
STEEL WOOL Co., but no scar was made because of the presence of the
hard protection layer and it was excellent in the resistance to
abrasion.
(Comparison Example 71)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 25 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 550 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. When visually observing
the film, a transmission light of light bluish purple color could
be observed when viewing the film in the vertical direction and a
transmission light of light reddish purple color could be observed
when viewing the film in an oblique direction at an angle of 45
degrees, but the color was light and a variation in the color was
not clear, and it was inferior in the simplicity of determination
and the decorative effect. The adhesion strength of the transparent
evaporated layer to the base member was sufficient.
(Comparison Example 72)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 25 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: magnesium fluoride;
The high-refractive index layer 6: zinc sulfide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 550 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. When visually observing
the film, a transmission light of light bluish purple color could
be observed when viewing the film in the vertical direction and a
transmission light of light reddish purple color could be observed
when viewing the film in an oblique direction at an angle of 45
degrees, and a variation in the color was clear, but cracks
occurred in the transparent evaporated layer and it was extremely
low in the decorative effect and the quality of the seal. The
adhesion strength of the transparent evaporated layer to the base
member was insufficient
(Comparison Example 73)
The base member: a polyester film with a thickness of 25 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 550 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. When visually observing
the film, a transmission light of light bluish purple color could
be observed when viewing the film in the vertical direction and a
transmission light of light reddish purple color could be observed
when viewing the film in an oblique direction at an angle of 45
degrees, but it was light in color and a variation in the color was
not clear, and it was inferior in the simplicity of determination
and the decorative effect. The adhesion strength of the transparent
evaporated layer to the base member was sufficient. When it was
rubbed, many scars was made on the entire surface and it was low in
the resistance to abrasion.
Color changes of the reflected light caused when a visible light
say is made incident on the films of the above experiments and
comparison examples and the incident direction is changed from the
right angles to 41 degrees are shown in the following tables 7 and
8.
TABLE 7 First Second Third Fourth Fifth Prot. Color Decorative
Adhesion Ex. Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Change Effect
Strength 71 ZrO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 ZrO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 BN GOOD GOOD
GOOD 72 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS MgF.sub.2 DLC GOOD GOOD GOOD 73 ZrO.sub.2
SiO.sub.2 ZrO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 DLC GOOD GOOD GOOD 74 TiO.sub.2
SiO.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 DLC GOOD GOOD GOOD 75 CaO.sub.2
CeF.sub.3 CeO.sub.2 CeF.sub.3 SiC GOOD GOOD GOOD 76 ZrO.sub.2
SiO.sub.2 ZrO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 BN BN GOOD GOOD GOOD 77 TiO.sub.2
SiO.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 DLC DLC GOOD GOOD GOOD
TABLE 8 Comp. First Second Third Fourth Fifth Prot. Color
Decorative Adhesion Ex. Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Change
Effect Strength 71 TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 DLC POOR
POOR GOOD 72 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS MgF.sub.2 ZnS GOOD POOR POOR 73
TrO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 SiO.sub.2 TiO.sub.2 POOR POOR
GOOD
In the above tables, DLC indicates diamond like carbon.
As described above, according to this embodiment, by forming the
thin film layer which is hard or rigid and chemically stable and
leas a high-refractive index by use of as element of III to VI
group, the oxide, carbide, nitride, or boride thereof, the adhesive
layer can be formed without deteriorating the optical
characteristic of the transparent evaporated layer.
[Eighth Embodiment]
FIG. 23 is a cross sectional vies showing the structure of the
eighth embodiment relating to a copying-inhibited printed matter
which can be prevented from being dishonestly copied. A transparent
evaporated layer 10, print layer 54 and protection layer 56 are
sequentially laminated on the upper surface of a base member
52.
The base member 52 can be may type of material such as a sheet of
paper, high polymer film a metal foil if it is used as a printed
matter, but the surface thereof is preferably made smooth.
Preferably, if a sheet of paper is used as the printed matter, it
is desired to use the paper whose surface is subjected to the
surface-filling process. More preferably, it is desired to cast a
colored base member as the base member 52 in order to fully achieve
the copying-inhibiting function according to the present invention.
In the case of a metal foil any metal among aluminum, chrome,
nickel, copper and gold can be used. The thickness of the base
member 52 is set to such a thickness as to maintain the flexibility
thereof.
A method for forming the print layer 54 is not limitative, but if
the print layer 54 is longed on the entire surface of the base
member 52, the function of the present invention cannot be
attained. Therefore, preferably, it is desired to print characters
or a simple pattern on the base member 52 in the present
invention.
The protection layer 56 is required to have a refractive index
different from that of a layer (in this case, the high-refractive
index layer 6) of the transparent evaporated layer 10 which lies on
the protection layer side. Since the refractive index of 1.5 to 1
can be attained and is different from that of the high-refractive
index layer 6 if high polymer is used, the above condition can be
satisfied. Further, the protection layer 54 may be formed of
ceramics such as silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide, or organic
hard protection film of diamond-like carbon (DLC) or the like.
Since the color tone of the transparent evaporated layer 10 is
dependent on the viewing angle, it can be copied only in one color
when it is copied by use of a coping machine, and thus it can be
used as a printed matter effective for forgery prevention.
The position of the print layer 54 is not limited to a position
between the transparent evaporated layer 10 and the protection
layer 56, but may be set between the base member 52 and the
transparent vapor-deposition layer 10 as shown in FIG. 24.
Next, the results of measurements of variations in visible spectra
of this embodiment with the above structure measured by use of an
invisible/visible spectrophotometer are shown.
(Experiment 81)
The base member 52: a black polyester film with a thickness of 50
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 580 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. The color of the printed
mattes copied in color was golden, but the color was not changed
when the viewing angle was changed, and thus the real or imitation
thereof could be easily determined.
(Experiment 82)
The base member 52: paper whose surface is subjected to the filling
process and which has a thickness of 100 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visibly range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 580 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. The color of the printed
matter copied in color was yellow, but the color was not changed
when the viewing angle was changed, and thus the real a imitation
thereof could be easily determined.
(Experiment 83)
The base member 52: an aluminum foil with a thickness of 20
.mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The numbs of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 580 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. The color of the printed
matter copied in color was yellow, but the color was not changed
when the viewing angle was changed, and thus the real a imitation
thereof could be easily determined.
(Experiment 84)
The base member 52: paper whose surface is subjected to the filling
process and which has a thickness of 100 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 580 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. The color of the printed
matter copied in color was yellow, but the color was not changed
when the viewing angle was changed, and thus the real a imitation
there could be easily determined.
(Experiment 85)
The base member 52: paper whose surface is subjected to the filling
process and which has a thickness of 100 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 580 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. The color of the printed
matter copied in color was yellow, but the color was not changed
when the viewing angle was changed, and thus the real a imitation
there could be easily determined.
(Experiment 86)
The base member: paper whose surface is subjected to the filling
process and which has a thickness of 100 .mu.m;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer of the transparent evaporated layer
titanium dioxide;
The number of layer of the layer 10: 5;
The thickness of the layer 10: 1 .mu.m.
The central wavelength of maximum absorption of the visible light
perpendicular to the film in the visible range of the transparent
evaporated layer was 580 nm. When the light is made incident in a
direction at an angle of 45 degrees, the central wavelength is
shifted towards the short-wavelength side. The color of the printed
matter copied in color was yellow, but the color was not changed
when the viewing angle was changed, and thus the real a imitation
thereof could be easily determined.
The results of evaluation of the above experiments 81 to 86 are
shown in the following table 9.
TABLE 9 Maximum Absorption Wavelength Tbne Possibility Ex. Base
Member (nm) Variation of Copying 81 Polyester Film 580
.circleincircle. x 82 Surface- 580 .smallcircle. x Filled Paper 83
Aluminum Foil 580 .DELTA. x 84 Surface- 580 .smallcircle. x Filled
Paper 85 Surface- 580 .smallcircle. x Filled Paper 86 Surface- 580
.smallcircle. x Filled Paper
In the above table, .smallcircle. indicates a significant
variation, .smallcircle. indicates a recognizable variation,
.DELTA. indicates a slightly recognizable variation, and X
indicates that no color tone variation occurs in the copy.
If the laminated body of the above embodiment is affixed to a
document which is required to be prevented from being copied and
when the document is copied, the real a imitation of the document
can be easily determined by checking the color of the laminated
body while changing the viewing direction.
[Ninth Embodiment]
FIG. 25 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of the
ninth embodiment. A reflection layer 62, transparent evaporated
layer 10 and protection layer 64 are sequentially laminated on a
base member 60. The transparent evaporated layer 10 is partially
formed. For example, the transparent evaporated layer 10 is famed
in pattern form on the base member 60 so that the transparent
evaporated layer may be formed on part of the base member and will
not be formed in the remaining portion of the base member.
Alternatively, the transparent evaporated layer 10 is formed of a
plurality of ceramic layers having different refractive indices as
described before, and part of the transparent evaporated layer 10
may be formed to have a different number of ceramic layers from
that of the remaining portion or the total film thickness thereof
may be made different from that of the remaining portion. Such a
structure can be obtained by destroying the entire portion a part
of the transparent evaporated layer by sputtering, etching a the
like or forming the layer with a larger a smaller film thickness at
the time of film formation. With the above structure, the intensity
a position of the spectra of the absorption band and reflection
band is changed in part of the transparent evaporated layer.
The base member 60 can be formed of any material if it can support
the transparent evaporated layer 10, and may be a plastic card such
as a cash card a credit card, prepaid card used for transportation
means or telephones, or a sheet of paper such as an admission
ticket for the site for amusements a exhibition. Further, the type
thereof can be a seal or transfer foil. As the material of the base
member 60, polyvinyl chloride or the like can be used. The
reflection layer 62 is provided to reflect the incident light from
the light source of the detection device as will be described later
and can be formed of gold, nickel, chrome or the like.
Like the above embodiment, the film thickness of the evaporated
layer 10 is controlled so that it can have an absorption band in a
specified wavelength range.
The protection layer 64 is used to protect the transparent
evaporated layer 10 when the layer 10 is formed of soft ceramic
such as zinc sulfide. The laminated body of this embodiment is
observed from the protection layer 64 sides
FIG. 26 is a view showing the schematic structure of the detection
device for the laminated body. A slit 72 is disposed on the front
side of a light source 71 to form a slit light source. The light
source 71 projects a light to the laminated body 73 in the vertical
direction A reflected light traveling in an oblique direction at an
angle of 45 degrees is detected by an optical sensor 74. The light
source 71 and optical sensor 74 are fixed and the laminated body 73
moves with respect to the light source 71 and optical sensor 74.
The light source 71 can preferably emit a stable light in the
absorption wavelength range. Further, it is preferable that the
emission light is not a homogeneous light but a light in a wide
wavelength range. In this example, as the emission light, a visible
light whose wavelength is in the range of 400 nm to 700 nm or 800
nm is used.
The optical sensor 74 is formed of diffraction grating or
photodiode array. In order to enhance the sensitivity of the
optical sensor in the absorption wavelength range and in order to
permit the precision thereof to be freely set, it is preferable to
use the photodiode array. In this example, a plurality of
photodiodes each of which can detect a light with a wavelength
width of 0.5 to 2 nm are arranged to form a photodiode array. With
the photodiode array, a light subjected to the spectral diffraction
can be instantaneously detected. Further, it becomes possible to
easily limit the wavelength by use of several prisms. In order to
detect the light, it is possible to detect the light by converting
the light passing the prism into an electrical signal by a
photomultiplier, but in this case:, it is not preferable because a
time variation is large and a relatively long time is necessary for
one reading.
The selective transmission for light in a specified wavy length
range in the visible light is determined by the transparent
evaporated layer 10. Since the reflection layer 62 is provided,
sharp absorption is observed for light rays of specified
wavelengths and the half-width value of the absorption band is 20
nm or loss and is outside the range of polar variation which can be
recognized by human eyes. The peak value of the absorption band
obtained when a light ray is made incident on the laminated body in
an oblique direction is shifted towards the short-wavelength side
in comparison with a case wherein a light ray is made incident on
the laminated body at right angles and a color variation caused at
this time cannot be recognized by the human eyes, but in this
embodiment, the color variation is detected by use of a device. The
shift amount and half-width value can be adjusted according to the
thickness of the evaporated layer 10 and can be changed according
to the application and purpose thereof.
Next, the results of measurements of variations in visible spectra
of the embodiment with the above structure measured by use of an
invisible/visible spectrophotometer are shown
(Experiment 91)
The base member 60: vinyl chloride;
The reflection layer 62: aluminum;
The pattern of the layer 10: mosaic form shown in FIG. 27A;
The low-refractive index layer 8: silicon dioxide;
The high-refractive index layer 6: titanium dioxide;
The number of layers of the layer 10: 5.
When the reflected light was detected by the optical sensor 74 in
an oblique direction at 45 degrees with respect to the vertical
incident light, a response signal as shown in FIG. 27B was
obtained.
(Experiment 92)
This is similar to the experiment 91 except that the pattern of the
evaporated layer 10 is a stripe form as shown in FIG. 28A.
When the reflected light was detected by the optical sensor 74 in
an oblique direction at 45 degrees with respect to the vertical
incident light, a response signal as shown in FIG. 28B was
obtained.
(Experiment 93)
This is similar to the experiment 91 except that the pattern of the
evaporated layer 10 is a desired picture-like form as shown in FIG.
29A.
When the reflected light was detected by the optical sensor 74 in
an oblique direction at 45 degrees with respect to the vertical
incident light, a response signal as shown in FIG. 29B was
obtained.
(Experiment 94)
This is similar to the experiment 91 except that the number of
layers of the layer 10 is 3.
When the reflected light was detected by the optical sensor 74 in
an oblique direction at 45 degrees with respect to the vertical
incident light, a degraded response signal as shown in FIG. 30 was
obtained.
As described above, according to this embodiment, the real or
imitation of the laminated body can be determined by detecting the
reflected light which is oblique with respect to the laminated body
having the reflection layer, and an imitation of an article can be
easily recognized by affixing the laminated body to the
article.
Since this embodiment can record a bar-code by a patterned
evaporated layer 10, it can be applied to a magnetic card (the
laminated body is affixed to the magnetic card). As a result, the
forgery preventing function can be made more effectively and
easily.
Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those
skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention in its broader
aspects is not limited to the specific details, representative
devices, and illustrated examples shown and described herein.
Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing
from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept as
defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. For example,
the thickness or the number of ceramic layers constructing the
transparent evaporated layer can be adequately set.
* * * * *