U.S. patent number RE34,847 [Application Number 08/105,862] was granted by the patent office on 1995-02-07 for metered aerosol fragrance dispensing mechanism.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Technical Concepts, Inc.. Invention is credited to Patrick D. Maloney, Kenneth J. Muderlak.
United States Patent |
RE34,847 |
Muderlak , et al. |
February 7, 1995 |
Metered aerosol fragrance dispensing mechanism
Abstract
An apparatus and controlling circuitry for periodically
operating an aerosol container in discrete dispensing intervals to
disperse a discrete quantity of the contents thereof. The apparatus
includes a powered mechanism for actuating the aerosol, with the
circuitry controlling the powered mechanism for a predetermined
number of actuations. An energizing means activates a warning
mechanism when the actuation count reaches the predetermined number
to thereby indicate the probable total evacuation of the aerosol
container and the necessity for termination of the operation. The
apparatus also includes means for setting the circuitry into a
plurality of different operating modes, including a continuous
intermittent operation, a controlled daytime operation, and a
controlled night operation. The apparatus may be battery operated,
and it then includes a second warning mechanism for indicating
whether the battery power is sufficient to operate the powered
mechanism.
Inventors: |
Muderlak; Kenneth J.
(Shorewood, WI), Maloney; Patrick D. (Madison, WI) |
Assignee: |
Technical Concepts, Inc. (Elk
Grove Village, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23635078 |
Appl.
No.: |
08/105,862 |
Filed: |
August 11, 1993 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
Reissue of: |
412937 |
Sep 26, 1989 |
05038972 |
Aug 13, 1991 |
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/25; 222/36;
222/649; 239/70; 239/71; 239/74 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
83/262 (20130101); G04G 15/006 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
83/16 (20060101); G04G 15/00 (20060101); B67D
005/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/23,25,32,36,38,644-649 ;239/70,75,74,71 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3209698A |
|
Mar 1982 |
|
DE |
|
1449448 |
|
Sep 1976 |
|
GB |
|
2080111A |
|
Feb 1982 |
|
GB |
|
2119499A |
|
Nov 1983 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Huson; Gregory L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Welsh & Katz, Ltd.
Claims
We claim:
1. An apparatus and controlling circuitry for periodically
operating an aerosol container at discrete dispensing intervals to
disperse a discrete quantity of the aerosol contents thereof
.Iadd.into the atmosphere as a spray.Iaddend., including powered
means for periodically actuating an aerosol dispensing means of
said container, said circuitry controlling said powered means
.Iadd., .Iaddend..[.for a predetermined number of actuations, and
first warning means for indicating the probable total evacuation of
container contents and the necessity for termination of said
dispensing operation when the actuation count reaches said
predetermined number.]., and further including mode switching means
for setting said circuitry into a plurality of different operating
modes, said plurality of different operating modes comprising at
least three modes, including a continuous intermittent operation, a
controlled daytime operation .Iadd.responsive to the relative
presence of ambient light.Iaddend., and a controlled night
operation .Iadd.responsive to the relative absence of ambient
light.Iaddend..
2. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 1 wherein said apparatus
includes internal power source means for activating said powered
means periodically to dispense said aerosol, means for measuring
the power of said internal power source means, and .[.second.].
warning means for indicating whether said measured power is
sufficient to activate said powered means.
3. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 1 wherein said continuous
intermittent operation provides an unbroken series of intermittent
disbursements of aerosol spray material from said aerosol
dispensing means regardless of the presence or absence of ambient
light surrounding said apparatus .[.until total evacuation of said
container contents is reached.]..
4. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 1 wherein said apparatus
includes means for measuring the intensity of ambient light, and
said controlled daytime operation mode .[.includes circuitry
which.]. provides said periodic actuation of said aerosol
dispensing means .Iadd.only .Iaddend.in the presence of ambient
light having an intensity exceeding a predetermined threshold.
5. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 1 wherein said apparatus
includes an ambient light sensing means for measuring the intensity
of ambient light, and said controlled night operation mode
.[.includes circuitry which.]. provides .[.inactivation.].
.Iadd.said periodic actuation .Iaddend.of said aerosol dispensing
means .Iadd.only .Iaddend.in the presence of ambient light having
an intensity less than a predetermined threshold.
6. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 1 wherein said powered
means includes a motor operatively coupled to a power transmission
unit for sending periodic power to a cam unit, .[.and a.].
.Iadd.said .Iaddend.cam unit operatively coupled to said power
transmission unit for periodically engaging said dispensing means
on said aerosol container for releasing the contents .[.in.].
.Iadd.of .Iaddend.said container at said discrete dispensing
.[.internals.]. .Iadd.intervals.Iaddend..
7. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 1 wherein said apparatus
and controlling circuitry are contained within a rigid housing
openable at the front, said housing having a front cover openably
fastened in assembled relation to the lower end of said housing,
said housing further including an upper cover containing a
plurality of apertures for exposing light sensing means .[.and said
warning means.]..
8. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.26
.Iaddend.wherein said circuitry includes a reset switch for
reactivating said first warning means when a dissipated aerosol
container is replaced with a full container.
9. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.26
.Iaddend.wherein said first warning means comprises a light
emitting diode.
10. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.26
.Iaddend.wherein said circuitry includes means for establishing a
new predetermined number of actuations and termination of
dispensing operation.
11. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 7 wherein said housing
further includes a platform spaced from the top and bottom of said
housing for supporting an aerosol container, and rib means integral
within said housing for embracing and rigidly locating said aerosol
container.
12. Apparatus for the type claimed in claim 11 wherein the upper
interior of said housing includes said circuitry, a motor
operatively coupled to a power transmission unit for sending
periodic power to a cam unit, .[.and a.]. .Iadd.said .Iaddend.cam
unit operatively coupled to said power transmission unit for
periodically engaging said dispensing means on said aerosol
container, and cavities within said housing containing battery
devices for actuating said motor and said circuitry.
13. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 1 wherein said circuitry
includes means for adjusting the time interval between periodic
actuations of said aerosol dispensing means.
14. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 13 wherein the time
interval can be adjusted between predetermined limits.
15. An apparatus and controlling circuitry for periodically
operating an aerosol container at discrete dispensing intervals to
disperse a discrete quantity of the aerosol contents thereof,
including powered means for periodically actuating an aerosol
dispensing means of said container, said circuitry controlling said
powered means for a predetermined number of actuations and
including means .Iadd.for .Iaddend.counting the actuations, and
first energizing means coupled to first warning means for
energizing said first warning means when the actuation count
reaches said predetermined number to thereby indicate the probable
total evacuation of container contents and the necessity for
termination of said dispensing operation, and further including
mode switching means for setting said circuitry into a plurality of
different operating modes, said plurality of different operating
modes comprising at least three modes, including a continuous
intermittent operation, a controlled daytime operation, and a
controlled night operation.
16. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 15 wherein said
apparatus includes internal power source means for activating said
powered means periodically to dispense said aerosol, means for
measuring the power of said internal power source means, and second
energizing means coupled to second warning means for energizing
said second warning means to indicate whether said measured power
is sufficient to activate said powered means.
17. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 15 wherein said
continuous intermittent operation provides an unbroken series of
intermittent disbursements of aerosol spray material from said
aerosol dispensing means regardless of the presence or absence of
ambient light surrounding said apparatus until total evacuation of
said container contents is reached.
18. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 15 wherein said
apparatus includes means for measuring the intensity of ambient
light, and said controlled daytime operation mode .[.includes
circuitry which.]. provides said periodic actuation of said aerosol
dispensing means in the presence of ambient light having an
intensity exceeding a predetermined threshold.
19. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 15 wherein said
apparatus includes an ambient light sensing means for measuring the
intensity of ambient light, and said controlled night operation
mode .[.includes circuitry which.]. provides inactivation of said
aerosol dispensing means in the presence of ambient light having an
intensity .[.less.]. .Iadd.greater .Iaddend.than a predetermined
threshold.
20. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 15 wherein said powered
means includes a motor operatively coupled to a power transmission
unit for sending periodic power to a cam unit, .[.and a.].
.Iadd.said .Iaddend.cam unit operatively coupled to said power
transmission unit for periodically engaging said dispensing means
on said aerosol container for releasing the contents in said
container at said discrete dispensing .[.internals.].
.Iadd.intervals.Iaddend..
21. An apparatus and controlling circuitry for periodically
.[.operating.]. .Iadd.actuating .Iaddend.an aerosol container at
discrete dispensing intervals to disperse a discrete quantity of
the aerosol contents thereof .Iadd.into the air.Iaddend.,
.Iadd.said apparatus .Iaddend.including powered means for
periodically actuating an aerosol dispensing means of said
container, said circuitry including means .Iadd.for
.Iaddend.counting the actuations of said powered means for a
predetermined number of actuations, and first energizing means
coupled to first warning means for energizing said first warning
means when the actuation count reaches said predetermined number to
thereby indicate the probable total evacuation of container
contents and the necessity for termination of said dispensing
operation, and further including mode switching means for setting
said circuitry into a plurality of different operating modes, said
plurality of different operating modes comprising at least three
modes, including a continuous intermittent operation, a controlled
daytime operation, and a controlled night operation.
22. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 21 wherein said
apparatus includes internal power source means for activating said
powered means periodically to dispense said aerosol, means for
measuring the power of said internal power source means, and second
energizing means coupled to second warning means for energizing
said second warning means to indicate whether said measured power
is sufficient to activate said powered means.
23. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 21 wherein said
continuous intermittent operation provides an unbroken series of
intermittent disbursements of aerosol spray material from said
.[.aerosol dispensing means.]. .Iadd.container .Iaddend.regardless
of the presence or absence of ambient light surrounding said
apparatus until total evacuation of said container contents is
reached.
24. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 21 wherein said
apparatus includes means for measuring the intensity of ambient
light, and said controlled daytime operation mode .[.includes
circuitry which.]. provides said periodic actuation of said aerosol
dispensing means .Iadd.only .Iaddend.in the presence of ambient
light having an intensity exceeding a predetermined threshold.
25. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 21 wherein said
apparatus includes an ambient light sensing means for measuring the
intensity of ambient light, and said controlled night operation
mode .[.includes circuitry which.]. provides .[.inactivation.].
.Iadd.actuation .Iaddend.of said aerosol dispensing means
.Iadd.only .Iaddend.in the presence of ambient light having an
intensity less than a predetermined threshold. .Iadd.
26. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 1 wherein said
controlling circuitry includes means for controlling said powered
means for a predetermined number of actuations, and first warning
means for indicating the probable total evacuations of container
contents and the necessity for termination of said dispensing
operation when the actuation count reaches said predetermined
number. .Iaddend. .Iadd.27. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim
1 wherein said mode switching means includes a three-position
switch which is accessible to the user of said apparatus. .Iaddend.
.Iadd.28. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 27 wherein said
circuitry includes a timer for repeatedly activating said powered
means in said three modes of operation and a photocell for
providing a signal in response to the intensity of ambient light,
and wherein said three-position switch is configured to change the
response of said timer to said photocell signal. .Iaddend.
.Iadd.29. An apparatus for introducing a chemical substance from a
container into the environment surrounding the container, said
apparatus comprising: powered means for evacuating the chemical
substance from the container when activated, circuit means for
measuring the intensity of ambient light and for controlling said
powered means such that said powered means is actuated only at
certain ambient light intensities and only at certain times, and
mode switching means for setting said circuit means into a
plurality of different operating modes, said plurality of different
operating modes comprising at least three distinct modes, including
a continuous operation mode, a controlled daytime operation mode,
and a controlled nighttime operation mode. .Iaddend. .Iadd.30.
Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 29 wherein said chemical
substance is introduced into the surrounding atmosphere as a spray.
.Iaddend. .Iadd.31. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 29
wherein said apparatus is an odor control device, wherein said
powered means is periodically activated in said three modes, and
wherein said circuit means includes means for adjusting the waiting
interval between periodic activations within the range of
approximately 5 minutes to approximately 25 minutes. .Iaddend.
.Iadd.32. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 29 wherein said
continuous operation mode provides an unbroken series of periodic
actuations of said powered means regardless of the presence or
absence of ambient light surrounding said apparatus. .Iaddend.
.Iadd.33. Apparatus of the type claimed in claim 29 wherein said
controlled daytime operation mode provides periodic actuation of
said powered means only in the presence of ambient light having an
intensity
exceeding a predetermined threshold. .Iaddend. .Iadd.34. Apparatus
of the type claimed in claim 29 wherein said controlled nighttime
operation mode provides periodic actuation of said powered means
only in the presence of ambient light having an intensity less than
a predetermined threshold. .Iaddend.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
This invention relates to devices utilized in public facilities for
dissipation of malodoriferous aromas due to any of several
conditions. In the past, various solid materials were utilized
which sublimated and thereby dispersed the normally overpowering
substitute odor for that found in the public place. In order to
enhance the dispersion of such sublimating materials, many
suppliers developed and began supplying powered fan devices which
assisted in the wide flow of odor covering material. Similarly, the
chemists worked on odor suppressing materials which directly worked
on the destruction of the odor causing materials dispersed in the
atmosphere, particularly where pets were encountered.
Such devices can be found readily in the prior art. For example,
the common assignee of the present invention has a pending patent
application, Ser. No. 07/162,021, Filed Feb. 19, 1988, .Iadd.now
U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,791, .Iaddend.entitled "IMPROVED ODOR CONTROL
DEVICE". Other such solid dispersing devices are found in the
patents to: Corris U.S. Pat. No. 3,990,848; Sullivan et al U.S.
Pat. No. 4,271,092; Tringali U.S. Pat. No. 4,035,451; and Sullivan
et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,276,236.
In the field of odor control devices where a pressurized aerosol
container is utilized, the patents include Corris U.S. Pat. No.
4,006,844; Rogerson U.S. Pat. No. 3,739,944; Meetze U.S. Pat. No.
4,063,664; Cairelli U.S. Pat. No. 3,139,218; Wiley U.S. Pat. No.
3,165,238; Cielaszyk U.S. Pat. No. 3,318,159; Montgomery U.S. Pat.
No. .[.3,01,056.]. .Iadd.3,018,056.Iaddend.; Bell U.S. Pat. No.
3,587,332; Phillips U.S. Pat. No. 3,952,916 and Guitierrez U.S.
Pat. No. 4,483,466.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a unique and economically constructed
apparatus for the periodic actuation of an aerosol container under
a controlled environment.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus
and circuitry that will accurately count the number of times that a
spray is actuated and .[.to.]. initiate a signal when a
predetermined number is reached to indicate that the spray is
nearing the end of its useful life.
Another object of this invention is to provide an independently
contained power source in the form of batteries to power the
actuation thereof and to provide means for measuring such batteries
and advising when they are low or totally dissipated.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a light
sensing means which will control operation under varying modes of
operation, including both a day and a night mode along with a
continuous mode.
A further object is to provide means to advise when the aerosol
container is nearing an empty condition, to provide means for
giving an adjustable time parameter for the intervals of
disbursement, as well as being able to adjust the termination
point, and to provide means to reset the device when a full aerosol
.Iadd.container .Iaddend.replaces a dissipated aerosol
.Iadd.container.Iaddend..
Other objects will become apparent when the specification is read
in the light of the attached drawings where an illustrative example
is disclosed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of the housing containing the
device contemplated by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the housing taken along viewing line 2--2
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a right side elevational view of the housing taken along
viewing line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a right side elevational view, similar to FIG. 3, but
shown schematically in partial section, presenting the disposition
of the aerosol container within the housing and showing a partial
phantom side view of the lower front cover of the housing in its
downward hinged position;
FIG. 5 is a partial side .[.elevation.]. .Iadd.elevational
.Iaddend.view, presented schematically in partial section, showing
the snap fastening means whereby the hinged lower front cover is
retained in closed relation to the rigid portion of the
housing;
FIG. 6 is a partial side elevational view, presented schematically
in partial section, showing the disposition of the warning and
sensing means within the front upper cover means of .[.said.].
.Iadd.the .Iaddend.housing;
FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of the upper cover means showing
the disposition of the upper battery warning LED, the middle light
sensing means, the lower empty can warning LED and the items
normally hidden by the lower hinged cover, i.e., the interval time
adjustment means, the reset switch means, and the day-on-nite
switch means;
FIGS. 8 and 9 are the left and right elevational views,
respectively, of the upper housing or cover means of the device as
shown in FIG. 7;
FIGS. 10 and 11 are the schematic front and top views,
respectively, of one embodiment of .Iadd.the .Iaddend.actuating
means for operation of the .[.contemplated.]. invention;
FIGS. 12, 13, and 14 are respectively a schematic partial front
.[.elevation.]. .Iadd.elevational view .Iaddend.of the housing of
this device, a schematic top plan view thereof, and a schematic
right side elevational view thereof, showing the disposition of the
printed circuit, the light emitting diodes (LEDs), the motor, the
switches and one of the batteries used for the circuit; and
FIG. 15 is a .Iadd.schematic .Iaddend.diagram of one embodiment of
a circuit that can be utilized .[.to operate.]. .Iadd.with
.Iaddend.the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIGS. .[.1-4,.].
.Iadd.1-5, .Iaddend.wherein similar parts are designated by similar
numerals, the improved fragrance dispensing mechanism 20 includes a
substantially rigid body portion 22, a hinged lower front cover 24,
and an upper front cover 26. The rigid body portion 22 includes a
bottom 30, a shelf 32 spaced from bottom 30 and forming a lower
chamber 34, and an upper barrier means 36 spaced from shelf 32
forming the major central chamber 38, as well as forming the upper
chamber 40 formed between the barrier means 36 and the top 42. Rib
means 44 and 45 along with shelf 32 serve to support and locate the
pressurized aerosol can 50, containing the frangrance to be
dispensed. The can 50 includes the normal pressure retaining top 52
including the dispensing valve (not shown) and the axially
extending spring loaded stem tube 54 communicating with the valve
and having a spray forming actuating button 56 positioned on the
free end of the stem tube 54. Button 56 preferably includes right
angularly arranged exhaust tube means 58 for directing the spray
outwardly through aperture 25 in the cover 24.
The lower chamber 34 is arranged to accomodate a pair of D-Cells
35A and 35B. The bottom 30 tapers upwardly in its rear extremity,
as at 31, and terminates in a shoulder means 31a. The lower front
cover 24 is basically an open rectangularly shaped cover having
front, side and bottom walls, with the side walls provided with
complimentary means 60 for cooperation with mating means in the
sidewall of body 22, not shown, to act as pivot or hinge means to
permit the front lower cover 24 to assume the opened position shown
in phantom in FIG. 4. The lower rear edge 62 of cover 24 is adapted
to engage the shoulder means 31a to form a stop and thereby
restrict the further lowering of the cover 24, which lowering
provides access to the central and lower chambers .[.34 and 38,.].
.Iadd.38 and 34, .Iaddend.respectively.
The left portion of upper chamber 40, as viewed in FIGS. 10 and 11,
is adapted to house the motor 64 and power transmission means 66
ending in actuating means 68, such as a segment gear or the like
and appropriate cam means 70 for engaging and activating the spring
loaded spray button 56. The balance of the chamber is utilized in
housing an LED/PC drawer. This latter includes printed circuit
board 80 cooperating with three receptacles 82, 84 and 86 to
accomodate and mount two light emitting diodes 88 and 92 in the
lower and upper positions, respectively, and a light sensor 90
intermediate the LEDs, as best seen in FIG. 6. Each of these three
items, the LEDs and the sensor, communicate with the ambient
through appropriate apertures 94, 96 and 98, respectively, in the
upper body cover 26, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The circuitry on
the printed circuit board will be discussed hereinafter.
Referring now to FIGS. 6-9, the upper front cover 26 includes a
depending portion 100 adapted to carry a plurality of control
devices, such as a reset button 102 mounted on a set back flange
104; a time interval switch 106; and an operating mode switch 108,
the latter providing three settings for continuously on,
intermittently on (day) and .[.continuously.]. .Iadd.intermittently
.Iaddend.off .[.(nite).].0 (.Iadd.night).Iaddend.. Suitable lead
means extend outwardly from the back of each switch for appropriate
engagement with one of the PC boards.
A master on-off switch 110 is mounted on an appropriate PC board
112 (FIGS. 12-14), and the operating button of switch 110 extends
outwardly through the side wall of the body 22 so-as to be
available to the outside. Positioned below the motor 64 and
transmission means 66; and behind the aerosol can 50 is a 9 volt
battery 114 for purposes best set forth hereinafter.
Referring now to FIG. 15, the sensor and motor control circuit 122
controls fragrance pump operation to optimize the life of both the
fragrance material in the aerosol fragrance container and the
batteries 35A and 35B while the pump generation counting circuit
124 provides a visual indication that the aerosol fragrance
container 50 has probably been exhausted. Operating circuit 122 is
located above the dashed line "C" in FIG. 15, while counting
circuit 124 is located below that line. The circuit 122 contains
timing devices which limit each actuation of the fragrance pump
motor 64 to a short period (approximately 0.6 seconds), and which
provide a 15-minute (.Iadd.adjustable) .Iaddend.waiting interval
between each pump actuation. In addition, the circuit provides a
visual indication that the circuit 122 is switched "ON" and battery
voltage is adequate for operation.
In brief, an on-off switch 110 controls power to the circuit from
two 11/2 volt D-cells 35A, 35B. A separate mode switch 108 selects
one of three available modes of operation: "on", "night," or "day".
In "on" mode, the fragrance pump operates for a brief period
.[.on.]. .Iadd.between .Iaddend.15-minute intervals regardless of
room light conditions. The fifteen (15) minute interval is
adjustable within the parameters of approximately five (5) minutes
to twenty-five (25) minutes. .[.In "night" mode, the fragrance pump
is disabled regardless of room light conditions..]. In "day" mode,
cadmium-sulfide photocell 90 is used to sense room light
conditions. When room light exceeds a predetermined threshold, the
fragrance pump operates according to the above-described timing.
When room light is less than the predetermined threshold, the
fragrance pump is disabled. .Iadd.The "night" mode operation is the
reverse of the "day" mode operation, i.e., the pump operates only
when the room light is below a predetermined threshold. .Iaddend.IC
138 contains an oscillator and divider chain and it produces a
1/900 Hz signal (i.e. one cycle every 15 minutes) which is .[.).].
used to control the interval between actuations of the fragrance
pump. IC 119 is a timer device which produces a 0.6 sec pulse used
to control the length of each actuation of the fragrance pump.
Transistors 142 and 145 form a voltage sensor which determines
whether the D-cells 35A, 35B have sufficient energy to power the
unit. IC 146 is controlled by transistor 145 and causes a visual
indicator 92 to flash when switch 110 is "ON" and the D cells have
sufficient energy. Conversely, the visual indicator 92 is not
energized when the D cells have insufficient energy and must be
replaced. A separate 9 volt battery 114 supplies power for the
operation of IC 138 and a fragrance container empty indicator
circuit 124.
In greater detail, two D-cells 35A and 35B wired in series provide
one power supply for the circuit 122. The cathode of D-cell 35A is
connected to primary ground 160. The anode of D-cell 35B is
connected to a positive 3 V supply lead 162. The anode of D-cell
35A is connected to the cathode of D-cell 35B. Each D-cell has a
nominal output voltage when "fresh" of 1.5 V, so that this series
wiring provides +3.0 V to the +3 V supply conductor 162.
All circuit devices which use the +3 V supply lead 162 also use a
secondary ground lead 164 as a return path. Power switch 110 is a
single-pole, double-throw switch which connects or disconnects the
secondary ground lead 164 to primary ground 160. In the ON
position, switch 110 connects the secondary ground lead 164
directly to primary ground 160. In the OFF position switch 110
interposes capacitor 166, a 0.1 uF disc capacitor, between primary
and secondary grounds 160, 164 to minimize transient pulses which
may occur when power is switched off.
A separate 9 volt battery 114 supplies for IC 328 and the fragrance
container empty indicator 88. The cathode of battery 114 is
connected to ground 160. The anode of this battery is connected to
the anode of a rectifier diode 142 (preferably type 1N4001) to
prevent damage from an incorrectly inserted battery. The cathode of
diode 142 is connected to the +9 V supply lead 144.
Mode switch 108 is a double-pole, triple-throw switch used to
select one of the three available operating modes: ON, DAY, or
NIGHT. The operating mode determines the conditions under which the
fragrance pump may operate. The three modes provide a continuous
intermittent operation (ON), a controlled daytime operation (DAY),
and a controlled night operation (NIGHT). In the ON position, the
pump operates for a 0.6 sec period every 15 minutes. As was
previously mentioned above, the interval between such operating
periods can be adjusted to various parameters, i.e. between
approximately 5 minutes and 25 minutes, to meet the needs of the
locale. In the DAY position, room light is sensed, and if it
exceeds a predetermined threshold, the pump operates according to
the previously discussed timing. In the night position, the pump
.[.is disabled..]. .Iadd.operates only if room light is below the
predetermined threshold. .Iaddend.
The circuitry associated with mode switch 108 is used to control
the bias on the base of PNP transistor 168 which, in turn, is used
to control a timer IC 119 that drives the fragrance pump. When
transistor 168 is on (conducting), timer IC119 is disabled, when
transistor 168 is off (non-conducting), timer IC 119 is enabled.
Therefore, the mode switch circuitry will be described from the
perspective of its effect on this transistor 168.
In the ON position, mode switch pole 108A connects the base of
transistor 168 to the +3 V supply 162 through a 2.2K resistor 171.
.[.Mode.]. .Iadd.Since mode .Iaddend.switch pole 108B
.[.connects.]. .Iadd.is open, .Iaddend.the base of transistor 168
.Iadd.is also connected .Iaddend.to secondary ground 164 through
100K resistor 172. Resistors 171 and 172 thus form a voltage
divider between +3 V supply 162 and secondary ground 164, which
establishes the bias voltage on the base of transistor 168. The
emitter of transistor 168 is connected to +3 V supply 162. Because
the resistance of 2.2K resistor 171 is much less than 100K resistor
172, the bias voltage is close to +3 V, and transistor 168 is
biased off. As will be explained later, when transistor 168 is
non-conducting, timer IC 119 is enabled, and the fragrance pump
operates normally.
In the DAY position, mode switch pole 108A is open. Mode switch
pole 108B connects the base of transistor 168 to the +3 V supply
162 through a CdS photocell 90. The base of transistor 168 is also
connected to secondary ground 164 through 100K resistor 172.
Photocell 90 and 100K resistor 172 thus form a voltage divider
between +3 V supply 162 and secondary ground 164, which establishes
the bias voltage on the base of transistor 168. Photocell 90
responds to light. In the absence of light, its resistance is
relatively high, but when exposed to light, the photocell
resistance decreases substantially. The emitter of transistor 168
is connected to +3 V supply 162.
When the photocell 90 is deprived of light, as in a dark room, its
resistance is high. The voltage applied to the base of transistor
168 is sufficiently lower than the +3 V supply 162 to which the
emitter of that transistor is connected, so the transistor is
biased on. When transistor 168 is conducting, timer IC 119 is
disabled, and the fragrance pump is inhibited. When the photocell
90 is exposed to light, as in a lighted room, its resistance is
low. The voltage applied to the base of transistor 168 is then
sufficiently close to +3 V so that the transistor is biased off.
When transistor 168 is non-conducting, timer IC 119 is enabled, and
the fragrance pump operates normally.
In the NIGHT position, mode switch pole 108A connects the base of
transistor 168 to +3 V supply 162 through 2.2K resistor 171. Mode
switch pole 108B connects the base of transistor 168 to secondary
ground 164 through .[.100K resistor 172 an.]. cadmium sulfide (CdS)
photocell 90 .[.in parallel..]. .Iadd.which is then in parallel
with 100K resistor 172. In a lighted room, the voltage applied to
the base of transistor 168 is sufficiently low to bias the
transistor on, thereby disabling timer IC 119 and inhibiting the
fragrance pump. .Iaddend.
PNP transistors 168 and 169 form a pair of cascaded inverting
switches which couple the previously described mode switch and
light sensing circuitry to the active-low reset signal 173 for
timer IC 119. (When reset signal 173 is active, the output of timer
IC 119 is inhibited, and the fragrance pump cannot operate.) 10K
resistor 174 connects the collector of transistor 168 to secondary
ground 164 and acts as a collector load. 4.7K resistor 176 couples
the collector of transistor 168 to the base of transistor 169. The
emitter of transistor 169 is connected to +3 V supply 162. 2.2K
resistor 170 connects the collector of transistor 169 to secondary
ground 164 and acts as a collector load. The reset signal 173 for
timer IC 119 is connected to the collector of transistor 169.
When transistor 168 is biased off, the base of transistor 169 is
essentially coupled to ground via resistors 174 and 176 for a total
resistance of 14.7K. Current flows out of the base of transistor
169 causing it to conduct. Transistor 169 collector current causes
a voltage drop across resistor 170, and reset signal 173 for timer
IC 119 assumes a high level, its inactive state. Thus, when
transistor 168 is biased off, timer IC 119, and the fragrance pump
it controls, operate normally.
When transistor 168 is biased on, the base of transistor 169 is
essentially coupled to the +3 V supply 162, causing it to switch
off. Reset signal 173 for timer IC 119 is pulled down to secondary
ground 164 by resistor 170 and is thus at a low level, its active
state. When reset signal 173 is active, the output of timer IC 119,
and the fragrance pump it controls, is inhibited.
Timer IC 119 is a commercially available 7555 CMOS timer IC used in
its monostable or "one-shot" mode. Timer 119 is connected to +3 V
supply 162 and secondary ground 164. A 10 .[.IF.]. .Iadd.uF
.Iaddend.electrolytic capacitor 141 is connected between +3 V
supply 162 and secondary ground 164 near IC 119 to bypass switching
transients. When timer 119 receives a trigger pulse on its
active-low trigger input 184, it produces a brief active-high
output pulse on its output line 186 (provided reset signal 173 is
inactive). The length of the output pulse is approximately 0.6 sec.
and is a function of an R C time constant determined by 680K
resistor 180 and 1 uF capacitor 182. This output pulse is amplified
and used to drive fragrance pump motor 64.
Timer IC 119 receives trigger pulses generated by
oscillator-divider IC 138 on approximately 15-minute intervals IC
138 is a commercially available MC 14541 CMOS oscillator-divider
device. IC 138 receives power from the +9 V supply lead 144. A 0.1
uF disk capacitor 199 is used to bypass switching transients
generated in IC 138 to ground. The oscillator portion of IC 138
uses a 150K resistor 200, a 0.1 uF disk capacitor 202, a 100K
variable resistor 204 and a 47K resistor 206 to determine the
oscillator frequency. The oscillator output is available at pin 3
of IC 138. An internal connection is provided in IC 138 to a
divider chain which divides the oscillator frequency. Variable
resistor 204 should be adjusted to produce an oscillator frequency
of 31.2 Hz, in order to produce an output frequency of 1/900 Hz
(i.e. one cycle per 15-minute interval).
The output of oscillator-divider IC 138 appears on pin 8 as a 1/900
Hz square-wave. A characteristic of timer IC 119 is that once
triggered, the trigger input must be negated before the output will
be negated. Used directly, the output of oscillator-divider IC 138
would provide a 450 sec trigger pulse, which would interfere with
the proper operation of timer IC 119. A 0.1 uF disk capacitor 210
couples the output of IC 138 to the trigger input 184 of timer IC
119, to narrow the trigger pulse to a period much shorter than IC
119's time constant of 0.6 sec. 22K resistor 222 is used as a
pull-up resistor between trigger input 184 and +3 V supply 162.
Thus timer IC 119 receives a trigger pulse from IC 138 once every
15 minutes, and when not disabled by the mode switch and light
sensing circuitry, it produces in response to 0.6 sec. output pulse
used to drive fragrance pump motor 64. This output pulse is
available on pin 3 of IC 119 (lead 186). NPN transistor 230 (type
2N3904) and PNP transistor 232 (type 2N4403) are cascaded to
amplify timer IC 138 output 186 to provide sufficient current to
operate fragrance pump motor 64. A 200 Ohm resistor 234 couples
timer IC 138 output 186 to the base of transistor 230. A 10K
resistor 236 couples the collector of transistor 230 to +3 V supply
162 and serves as a load resistor. A 100 ohm resistor 238 couples
the collector of transistor 230 to the base of transistor 232.
Fragrance pump motor 64 is connected as a load between the
collector of transistor 232 and secondary ground 164.
Light emitting diode (LED) driver IC 146 operates an LED indicator
92 to show that power switch 110 is ON and D-cells 35A, 35B are
sufficiently fresh to operate the fragrance pump motor 64 and
associated circuitry 122. IC 146 is a commercially available type
LM3909 flasher-driver circuit which alternately supplies power to
and removes power from LED 92, causing it to flash. Capacitor 240
(47 uF, electrolytic) determines the rate at which LED 92 flashes,
Flasher IC 146 obtains its positive power supply from the +3 V
supply 162.
Flasher 146 obtains its negative power supply from secondary
.[.round.]. .Iadd.ground .Iaddend.164 through transistor 145. This
permits transistors 142 and 145, arranged to sense the voltage on
the +3 V supply 162, to enable flasher 146 only when this voltage
exceeds a predetermined threshold. A 39K resistor 242, a 1K
resistor 244, and a 1K variable resistor 246 form a voltage divider
that sets the bias on the base of NPN transistor 142 to determine
the switching threshold. The charge-voltage relationships of
commercial D-cells vary according to the chemical system and
construction used. Variable resistor 246 permits adjustment of the
threshold according to the type of D-cell in use. A 1K resistor 248
couples the emitter of transistor 142 to secondary ground 164. A
100K resistor 250 couples the collector of transistor 142 to the +3
V supply 162. The collector of transistor 142 directly drives the
base of transistor .[.144.]. .Iadd.145.Iaddend..
The Pump Operation Counting Circuit 124 provides a visual
indication that the fragrance container probably has been
exhausted. This circuit counts operations of the fragrance pump,
and operates a visual indicator 88 after 3072 such operations.
In brief, IC 322 is a multi-stage binary counter which counts each
fragrance pump operation pulse from timer IC 119 and supplies a
binary value representing the number of received pulses on its
output terminals. Devices 324 and 326 are D-type flip-flops which
recognize when counter 324 has received 3072 pulses. If the mode
switch 108 is set for continuous operation, assuming an interval of
15 minutes per pulse, 3072 pulses represent a period of 32 days.
When this event occurs, flip-flop 326 turns on flasher IC 328. IC
328 is a commercially available circuit which alternately supplies
power to and removes power from the light emitting diode (LED)
indicator 88, causing it to flash.
In more detail, counter IC 322 receives output pulses from timer IC
119 through NPN transistor 330. Timer IC 119 operates from the +3 V
supply 162 .[.(a 0.1 .mu.F disk capacitor 323 eliminates switching
transients).]., but counter IC 322 operates from the +9 supply 144
(.Iadd.a 0.1 .mu.F disk capacitor 323 eliminates switching
transients).Iaddend.. Transistor 330 shifts output pulses from IC
119 to a level compatible with the clock input of IC 322. A 2.2K
resistor 312 and a 22K resistor 332 form a voltage divider to
couple the output signal 186 from IC 119 to the base of transistor
330. A 100K resistor 336 couples the collector of transistor 330 to
the +9 V supply and serves as a load. The collector of transistor
330 is connected to the clock input of counter IC 322.
IC 322 is a commercially available type MC14040
.Iadd.12-.Iaddend.stage binary counter circuit. Counter 322
presents a binary value equal to the number of pulses received from
timer 119 on its output terminals. In this circuit, only output
bits 11 (signal 340) and 12 (signal 342) are needed; the other
available outputs are unused. Devices 324 and 326 are each half of
a commercially available type MC14013 dual D-type flip-flop IC,
used to recognize that counter 322 has reached 3072 counts.
Switch 102, a momentary contact switch, is actuated by the user to
reset the 3072-count interval. When actuated, this switch asserts
signal 346, resetting counter 322 and flip-flops 324 and 326.
Diodes 350 and 352 provide isolated reset signal 347 to counter 322
to prevent damage to output transistors in counter 322 when switch
.[.324.]. .Iadd.102 .Iaddend.is actuated. Resistors 349 and 348 are
pull-down resistors which negate signals 346 and 347 respectively
when the switch .[.324.]. .Iadd.102 .Iaddend.is not actuated.
Starting from its initialized state, counter 322 counts pulses from
timer 119. When counter 322 has received 2048 pulses, it asserts
output bit 12 (signal 342), causing flip-flop 324 to propagate data
from its wired-high D input to the output. This asserts signal 354,
the D input of flip-flop 326. When counter 322 has received
.[.3072.]. .Iadd.1024 more .Iaddend.pulses, it asserts output bit
11 (signal 340), causing flip-flop 326 to clock the "high" on its D
input to the output, asserting signal 356 .Iadd.after a total of
3072 pulses.Iaddend..
IC 328, a commercially available type LM3909 flasher circuit,
obtains its negative power supply from secondary ground 164 through
transistor 360. Asserted signal 356 from flip-flop 326 provides
drive current through resistor 362 to the base of transistor 360,
causing it to conduct and enabling flasher 328. Flasher circuit 328
alternately supplies power to and removes power from LED 88,
causing it to flash. Capacitor 364 determines the rate at which LED
88 flashes. Flasher 328 obtains its positive power supply from the
+3 V supply 162.
While other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in
the art, it is the intent that this application be limited solely
by the appended claims.
* * * * *