U.S. patent number RE34,556 [Application Number 07/714,334] was granted by the patent office on 1994-03-01 for surgical system for powered instruments.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Smith & Nephew Dyonics Inc.. Invention is credited to Douglas D. Sjostrom, Edvin Zemgals.
United States Patent |
RE34,556 |
Sjostrom , et al. |
March 1, 1994 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Surgical system for powered instruments
Abstract
A single-motor surgical system for operating a set of different
surgical devices having different operational limits, consisting of
a handpiece containing the motor and adapted to alternately receive
a proximal portion of each of the surgical devices, each device
having an indicator on its proximal portion that denotes its
operational limit, the handpiece including an automatic sensor for
sensing the indicator, and controls responsive to the sensor to
automatically establish the operational limit of the motor in
accordance with the respective surgical device received by the
handpiece. In preferred embodiments, the system includes an
arthroscopic handpiece as above and has a plurality of surgical
devices adapted to receive different removable rotary tips that
have different operational limits of rotation, each of the
plurality of devices having a vacuum passage connectible at one end
to a vacuum passage of the respective rotary tip and adjacent the
other end, to a vacuum passage associated with the handpiece,
whereby tissue severed by the rotary tip can be removed from the
surgical site, the surgical device indicating to the sensor the
rotational limits of the tips which the devices are adapted to
receive.
Inventors: |
Sjostrom; Douglas D.
(Wakefield, MA), Zemgals; Edvin (Pinehurst, MA) |
Assignee: |
Smith & Nephew Dyonics Inc.
(Andover, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
27405629 |
Appl.
No.: |
07/714,334 |
Filed: |
June 12, 1991 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
312878 |
Feb 17, 1989 |
|
|
|
Reissue of: |
693779 |
Jan 23, 1985 |
04705038 |
Nov 10, 1987 |
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
606/170; 604/22;
606/180 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
17/32002 (20130101); B23Q 5/00 (20130101); A61B
2017/00464 (20130101); A61B 90/90 (20160201); A61B
2090/031 (20160201); A61B 2017/00482 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
17/32 (20060101); B23Q 5/00 (20060101); A61B
19/00 (20060101); A61B 17/00 (20060101); A61B
017/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;606/159,167,170,171,180
;604/22 ;433/131,132 ;408/49,125 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0010890 |
|
Oct 1972 |
|
EP |
|
55-170044 |
|
Jan 1980 |
|
JP |
|
55-79563 |
|
Jul 1980 |
|
JP |
|
56-54827 |
|
May 1981 |
|
JP |
|
57-45838 |
|
Mar 1982 |
|
JP |
|
57-93314 |
|
Sep 1982 |
|
JP |
|
58-18845 |
|
Jun 1983 |
|
JP |
|
58-18846 |
|
Jun 1983 |
|
JP |
|
504265 |
|
Oct 1961 |
|
CH |
|
1032340 |
|
Jun 1966 |
|
GB |
|
1157667 |
|
Jul 1966 |
|
GB |
|
1211271 |
|
Feb 1968 |
|
GB |
|
1268764 |
|
Mar 1969 |
|
GB |
|
1156291 |
|
Jun 1969 |
|
GB |
|
1156292 |
|
Jun 1969 |
|
GB |
|
1156293 |
|
Jun 1969 |
|
GB |
|
1156294 |
|
Jun 1969 |
|
GB |
|
1158439 |
|
Jul 1969 |
|
GB |
|
1433911 |
|
Apr 1972 |
|
GB |
|
1414081 |
|
Jan 1973 |
|
GB |
|
1394010 |
|
Apr 1973 |
|
GB |
|
1433912 |
|
May 1973 |
|
GB |
|
1441549 |
|
May 1974 |
|
GB |
|
1460046 |
|
Jun 1974 |
|
GB |
|
1361497 |
|
Jul 1974 |
|
GB |
|
1504496 |
|
Feb 1976 |
|
GB |
|
0053646 |
|
Jun 1982 |
|
GB |
|
Other References
"Arthroscopic Surgical System", Dyonics, Inc., (dated Feb. 1,
1983). .
"Arthroplasty System", Dyonics, Inc., (dated Dec. 15, 1983). .
"Intra-Articular Surgical System II", Dyonics, Inc., (dated Dec.
15, 1983). .
"Synovectomy System", Dyonics, Inc. (dated Feb. 1, 1984)..
|
Primary Examiner: Yasko; John D.
Assistant Examiner: Lewis; William
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fish & Richardson
Parent Case Text
.Iadd.
This is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 07/312,878
filed on Feb. 17, 1989 now abandoned which is a reissue of Ser. No.
06/693,779; filed Jan. 23, 1985. .Iaddend.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A surgical system adapted to operate a set of different surgical
devices having different operational limits, comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternately receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices,
said set of surgical devices,
each of said surgical devices having an indicator on its proximal
portion that denotes its operational limit, .Iadd.said operational
limit corresponding to a range of operation of said surgical
device, .Iaddend.
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
a motor for driving said handpiece.Iadd., said motor having a range
of operation that includes a pair of endpoints.Iaddend.; and
means responsive to said sensor .[.to .]. .Iadd.means for
.Iaddend.automatically .[.establish the operational limit of said
motor.]. .Iadd.changing at least one of said endpoints .Iaddend.in
accordance with the .Iadd.operational limit of the
.Iaddend.respective surgical device received by said handpiece
.Iadd.so that the operating range of said motor corresponds to the
range of operation of said surgical device, and precluding
selection of said operation of said motor outside of said endpoints
but not between said endpoints.Iaddend..
2. The surgical system of claim 1 wherein said .[.sensor.].
.Iadd.means for changing .Iaddend.comprises means for limiting the
torque applied by the motor.
3. The surgical system of claim 1 wherein said .[.sensor.].
.Iadd.range of operation includes a range of speed of said motor
and said means for changing .Iaddend.comprises means for limiting
the range of speed of the motor .Iadd.by changing said at least one
endpoint. .Iaddend.
4. The surgical system of claim 1 wherein said motor is electrical
and has an associated power source, and said sensor means is
responsive to said indicator of a given surgical device to
.[.establish.]. .Iadd.cause said means for changing to change said
at least one endpoint by establishing .Iaddend.a limit on the
electrical power delivered by said power source.
5. The surgical system of claim 4 in which said sensor means is
responsive to .[.limit.]. .Iadd.said indicator to cause said means
for changing to change said at least one endpoint by limiting
.Iaddend.the voltage applied to said motor, and said motor is
adapted to maintain its speed in accordance with the voltage
applied .Iadd.within said endpoints.Iaddend..
6. The surgical system of claim 4 in which said .[.sensor.]. means
.Iadd.for changing .Iaddend.is responsive .Iadd.to said indicator
of a given surgical device .Iaddend.to limit the electrical current
applied to said motor .Iadd.by said power source .Iaddend.to limit
the torque delivered by said motor.
7. .[.The surgical system of claim 1 wherein.]. .Iadd.A surgical
system adapted to operate a set of different surgical devices
having different operational limits, comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternately receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices,
said set of surgical devices,
each of said surgical devices having an indicator on its proximal
portion that denotes its operational limit, .Iaddend.said indicator
for each of said set of surgical devices .[.comprises.].
.Iadd.comprising .Iaddend.a magnet means adapted to produce a
magnetic field different from that of other surgical devices of
said set;
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
a motor for driving said handpiece; and
means responsive to said sensor means to automatically establish
the operational limit of said motor in accordance with the
respective surgical device received by said handpiece, said sensor
means .[.in said handpiece.]. being responsive to said magnetic
field to switch said motor to the respective operational limit.
8. .[.The surgical system of claim 1 wherein said set of surgical
devices include magnets.]. .Iadd.A surgical system adapted to
operate a set of different surgical devices having different
operational limits, comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternately receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices,
said set of surgical devices;
each of said surgical devices having an indicator on its proximal
portion that denotes its operational limit, said indicator
including at least one magnet .Iaddend.in .[.their.]. .Iadd.the
.Iaddend.proximal .[.portions and.]. .Iadd.portion of each said
device;
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
a motor for driving said handpiece; and
means responsive to said sensor means to automatically establish
the operational limit of said motor in accordance with the
respective surgical device received by said handpiece,
.Iaddend.said automatic sensor means .[.of said handpiece
comprises.]. .Iadd.comprising .Iaddend.a set of switches actuatable
by the presence of said magnets to establish the operational limit
of said motor.
9. .[.The surgical system of claim 1 wherein.]. .Iadd.A surgical
system adapted to operate a set of different surgical devices
having different operational limits, comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternately receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices,
said set of surgical devices,
each of said surgical devices having an indicator on its proximal
portion that denotes its operational limit,
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
a motor for driving said handpiece;
means responsive to said sensor means to automatically establish
the operational limit of said motor in accordance with the
respective surgical device received by said handpiece,
.Iaddend.
at least one surgical device of said set .[.comprises.].
.Iadd.comprising.Iaddend., at its distal portion, removable rotary
tips that have the operational limits of rotation indicated to said
sensor means by that said surgical device, .Iadd.and .Iaddend.
each said surgical device of said set having a vacuum passage
connectible at one end to a vacuum passage of a respective rotary
tip and, adjacent the other end, to a vacuum passage associated
with said handpiece and connected proximally to a source of
vacuum,
whereby tissue severed by said rotary tip can be removed from the
surgical site.
10. An arthroscopic handpiece for use in a surgical system
comprising said handpiece, a set of surgical devices having
different operational limits, each surgical device having on its
proximal portion an indicator means for denoting its operational
limit, and a motor for driving said handpiece;
said handpiece comprising automatic sensor means adapted for
sensing one of said indicator means denoting the operational limit
of a respective surgical device received by said handpiece, said
arthroscopic handpiece having means adapted to alternatively
receive a proximal portion of said surgical device of the set for
operation of the surgical device at its indicated operational
limit, and said handpiece also comprising rotation means for
rotating a member within the handpiece wherein said member has
means adapted to be associated with a respective surgical device,
said rotation means adapted to be driven by said motor, said
handpiece further comprising means responsive to said automatic
sensor means for controlling said rotation means, thereby
establishing the operational limit, and
said handpiece adapted for operation of a surgical device
comprising, at its distal portion, a rotary tip that has an
operational limit of rotation indicated by that surgical
device,
each surgical device defining a vacuum passage connectible at one
end to a vacuum passage of a respective rotary tip, said
arthroscopic handpiece defining a vacuum passage having means
adapted for connection to the vacuum passage of the surgical device
and for connection proximally to a source of vacuum for removal of
tissue severed by operation of the rotary tip from the surgical
site through the vacuum passage of said handpiece. .Iadd.
11. A surgical device adapted for use in the surgical system of
claim 1, said surgical device having said indicator on its proximal
portion that denotes an operational limit of said surgical device.
.Iaddend. .Iadd.12. The surgical device of claim 11 wherein said
surgical device is one of said set of surgical devices, said
indicator on said surgical device being different from the
indicator on the proximal portions of the other
surgical devices in said set. .Iaddend. .Iadd.13. A surgical device
adapted for use in a surgical system which operates a set of
different surgical devices having different operational limits and
that includes said surgical device, said surgical system
comprising: a handpiece adapted to alternately receive a proximal
portion of each of said surgical devices; said set of surgical
devices; and a motor for driving said handpiece,
said surgical device including an indicator on its proximal portion
that denotes its operational limit, said indicator being different
from indicators disposed on the proximal portions of the other
surgical devices in said set and including a magnet means for
producing a magnetic field different from magnetic fields produced
by said indicators of said other surgical devices;
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator of the surgical device received by said handpiece;
said surgical system further including means responsive to said
sensor means to automatically establish the operational limit of
said motor in accordance with the respective surgical device
received by said handpiece.
.Iadd.14. A surgical system adapted to operate a set of different
surgical devices, each surgical device having at least one
operational limit, comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternatively receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices;
said set of surgical devices,
each of said surgical devices having an indicator on its proximal
portion that denotes the at least one operational limit of said
device said operational limit corresponding to a range of operation
of said surgical device,
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
means for operating said handpiece, said means for operating having
a range of operation that includes a pair of endpoints; and
means responsive to said sensor means for automatically changing at
least one of said endpoints in accordance with said at least one
operational limit of the respective surgical device received by
said handpiece and precluding selection of said operation of said
operating means outside of
said endpoints but not between said endpoints. .Iaddend. .Iadd.15.
The surgical system of claim 14 wherein said means for operating
includes a motor for driving said handpiece, and said means for
changing control the operation of said motor in response to said
sensor means in accordance
with the at least one operational limit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.16. The
surgical system of claim 15 wherein said means for changing
controls the operation of said motor in response to said sensor
means to establish the at least
one operational limit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.17. The surgical system of
claim 15 wherein said means for changing comprises means for
limiting the range of speed of the motor. .Iaddend. .Iadd.18. The
surgical system of claim 15 wherein said motor is electrical and
has an associated power source, and said sensor means is responsive
to said indicator of a given surgical device to cause said means
for changing to establish a limit on the
electrical power delivered by said power source. .Iaddend.
.Iadd.19. The surgical system of claim 18 in which said sensor
means is responsive to said indicator to cause said means for
changing to limit the voltage applied to said motor and said motor
is adapted to maintain its speed in
accordance with the voltage applied. .Iaddend. .Iadd.20. The
surgical system of claim 18 in which said sensor means is
responsive to limit the electrical current applied to said motor to
limit the torque delivered by
said motor. .Iaddend. .Iadd.21. The surgical system of claim 14
wherein said indicator for each of said set of surgical devices
comprises magnet means for producing a magnetic field different
from that of other surgical devices of said set, said sensor means
in sand handpiece being responsive to said magnetic field to
establish the at least one operational limit.
.Iaddend. .Iadd.22. The surgical system of claim 1 or 14 wherein
each of said surgical devices comprises an arthroscopic surgical
instrument operated by said handpiece by said motor to sever tissue
at a surgical
site in the body. .Iaddend. .Iadd.23. The system of claim 1 or 14
wherein said means for changing changes both of said endpoints.
.Iaddend. .Iadd.24. The system of claim 1 or 14 wherein said means
for changing
changes one of said endpoints. .Iaddend. .Iadd.25. A surgical
system adapted to operate a set of different surgical devices, each
surgical device having at least one operational limit,
comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternatively receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices;
said set of surgical devices, each of said surgical devices having
an indicator on its proximal portion that denotes the at least one
operational limit of said device;
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
a motor for driving said handpiece; and
means responsive to said sensor means to automatically establish
said at least one operational limit of the respective surgical
device received by said handpiece;
wherein said surgical devices include magnets in their proximal
portions and said automatic sensor means of said handpiece
comprises a set of switches actuatable by the presence of said
magnets to establish the at
least one operational limit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.26. A surgical system
adapted to operate a set of different surgical devices, each
surgical device having at least one operational limit,
comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternatively receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices;
said set of surgical devices, each of said surgical devices having
an indicator on its proximal portion that denotes the at least one
operational limit of said device;
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
a motor for driving said handpiece; and
means responsive to said sensor means to automatically establish
said at least one operational limit of the respective surgical
device received by said handpiece;
wherein at least one surgical device of said set comprises rotary
tips that have operational limits of rotation, said operational
limits of rotating being indicated to said sensor means by that
said surgical device,
each said surgical device of said set having a vacuum passage
connectible at one end to a vacuum passage of a respective rotary
tip and, adjacent the other end, to a vacuum passage associated
with said handpiece and connected proximally to a source of
vacuum,
whereby tissue severed by said rotary tip can be removed from the
surgical
site. .Iaddend. .Iadd.27. A surgical system adapted to operate a
set of different surgical devices having different operational
limits, comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternately receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices,
said set of surgical devices,
each of said surgical devices having an indicator on its proximal
portion that denotes its operational limit,
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
a motor for driving said handpiece; and
means responsive to said sensor means to automatically establish
the operational limit of said motor in accordance with the
respective surgical device received by said handpiece;
said indicator for each of said set of surgical devices comprises
at least one magnet disposed at said proximal portion for producing
a magnetic signal different from that of other surgical devices of
said set,
said automatic sensor means comprises at least one switch disposed
in a distal end of said handpiece and responsive to said magnetic
signal to establish the at least one operational limit, and
said proximal portion of each of said surgical devices and said
distal end of said handpiece are sufficiently sealed to permit
sterilization of each of said set of surgical devices and said
handpiece to be performed.
.Iaddend. .Iadd.28. The surgical system of claim 27 wherein said
proximal portion of each of said surgical devices and said distal
end of said handpiece are sealed sufficiently to permit
sterilization by autoclaving.
.Iaddend. .Iadd.29. A surgical device adapted for use in a surgical
system, said surgical system comprising: a handpiece adapted to
receive a proximal portion of said surgical device; and means for
operating said handpiece, said means for operating having a range
of operation that includes a pair of endpoints,
said surgical device having at least one operational limit and
including an indicator on its proximal portion that denotes said at
least one operational limit said operational limit corresponding to
a range of operation of said surgical device,
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator, and said surgical system further comprising means for
automatically changing at least one of said endpoints in accordance
with the operational limit of the respective surgical device
received by said handpiece in response to said sensor means so that
the operating range of said means for operating corresponds to the
range of operation of said surgical device, and precluding
selection of said operation of said operating means outside of said
endpoints but not between said endpoints. .Iaddend.
.Iadd. 0. The surgical device of claim 29 wherein said means for
operating includes a motor for driving said handpiece, and said
means for changes controls the operation of said motor in response
to said sensor in accordance with said at least one operational
limit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.31. The surgical device of claim 29 wherein
said surgical device comprises a surgical instrument that has the
at least one operational limit indicated
to said sensor means by said surgical device. .Iaddend. .Iadd.32.
The surgical device of claim 31 wherein said surgical instrument
and said
surgical device comprise an integral unit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.33. The
surgical device of claim 29 wherein said surgical system further
comprises a set of different surgical devices that includes said
surgical device, each surgical device in said set having at least
one operational limit and having an indicator on its proximal
portion that denotes the at least one operational limit of said
device, said handpiece being adapted to alternatively receive the
proximal portion of each of said surgical
devices. .Iaddend. .Iadd.34. The surgical device of claim 33
wherein said means for operating includes a motor for driving said
handpiece, and said means for changing controls the operation of
said motor in response to said sensor means in accordance with the
at least one operational limit of
the device. .Iaddend. .Iadd.35. The surgical device of claim 33
wherein each one of said set of surgical devices comprises a
surgical instrument that has the at least one operational limit
indicated to said sensor means by said surgical device. .Iaddend.
.Iadd.36. The surgical device of claim 35 wherein said surgical
instrument and said surgical device comprise an
integral unit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.37. The surgical device of claim 33,
34, 35, or 36 wherein said indicator for each of said set of
surgical devices comprises a magnet means adapted to produce a
magnetic field different from that of other surgical devices of
said set, said sensor means in said handpiece being responsive to
said magnetic field to cause said means for changing to change said
at least one endpoint in accordance with the respective at least
one operational limit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.38. The surgical device of
claim 33 wherein said means for operating includes a motor for
driving said handpiece, and each of said surgical devices comprises
an arthroscopic surgical instrument adapted to be actuated by said
motor to sever tissue at a surgical site in the body. .Iaddend.
.Iadd.39. The surgical device of claim 38 wherein said indicator
for each of said set of surgical devices comprises magnet means for
producing a magnetic field different from that of other surgical
devices of said set, said sensor means in said handpiece being
responsive to said magnetic field to cause said means for changing
to change said at least one endpoint in accordance with the
respective at least one operational limit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.40. The
surgical device of claim 39 wherein said means for changes controls
the operation of said motor in response to said sensor means to
establish said at least one operational limit. .Iaddend.
.Iadd. The surgical device of claim 40 wherein said means for
changing comprises means for limiting the range of speed and torque
applied by said motor to said arthroscopic surgical instrument.
.Iaddend. .Iadd.42. The surgical device of claim 4 wherein said
arthroscopic surgical instrument
and said surgical device comprise an integral unit. .Iaddend.
.Iadd.43. A surgical system adapted to operate a set of different
surgical devices having different operational limits,
comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternately receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices;
said set of surgical devices, each of said surgical devices
comprising an arthroscopic surgical instrument adapted to be
actuated by a motor to sever tissue at a surgical site in the body,
each of said surgical devices having an indicator on its proximal
portion that denotes its operational limit;
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
a motor for driving said handpiece;
means responsive to said sensor means to automatically establish
the operational limit of said motor in accordance with the
respective surgical device received by said handpiece; and
wherein said indicator for each of said set of surgical devices
comprises magnet means for producing a magnetic field different
from that of other surgical devices of said set, said sensor means
in said handpiece being responsive to said magnetic field to
establish the respective at least one
operational limit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.44. The surgical system of claim
43 wherein said means for establishing controls the operation of
said motor in response to said sensor means to establish said at
least one
operational limit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.45. The surgical system of claim
44 wherein said sensor means comprises means for limiting the range
of speed and torque applied by said motor to said arthroscopic
surgical instrument. .Iaddend. .Iadd.46. The surgical system of
claim 45 wherein said arthroscopic surgical instrument and said
surgical device comprise an
integral unit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.47. A surgical system adapted to
operate a set of different surgical devices, each surgical device
having at least one operational limit, comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternatively receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices;
said set of surgical devices, each of said surgical devices having
an indicator on its proximal portion that denotes the at least one
operational limit of said device;
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
a motor for driving said handpiece;
means responsive to said sensor means to automatically establish
said at least one operational limit of the respective surgical
device received by said handpiece;
said indicator for each of said set of surgical devices comprising
at least one magnet disposed at said proximal portion for producing
a magnetic signal different from that of other surgical devices of
said set;
said automatic sensor means comprising at least one switch disposed
in a distal end of said handpiece and responsive to said magnetic
signal to establish the at least one operational limit; and
said proximal portion of each of said set of surgical devices and
said distal end of said handpiece being sufficiently sealed to
permit sterilization of each of said set of surgical devices and
said handpiece
to be performed. .Iaddend. .Iadd.48. The surgical system of claim
47 wherein said proximal portion of each of said surgical devices
and said distal end of said handpiece are sealed sufficiently to
permit
sterilization by autoclaving. .Iaddend. .Iadd.49. A surgical system
adapted to operate a set of different surgical devices, each
surgical device having at least one operational limit,
comprising:
a handpiece adapted to alternatively receive a proximal portion of
each of said surgical devices;
said set of surgical devices, each of said surgical devices
comprising an arthroscopic surgical instrument adapted to be
actuated by a motor to sever tissue at a surgical site in the body,
each of said surgical devices having an indicator on its proximal
portion that denotes the at least one operational limit of said
device;
said handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing said
indicator;
a motor for driving said handpiece;
means responsive to said sensor means to automatically establish
said at least one operational limit of the respective surgical
device received by said handpiece; and
wherein said indicator for each of said set of surgical devices
comprises magnet means adapted to produce a magnetic field
different from that of other surgical devices of said set, said
sensor means in said handpiece being responsive to said magnetic
field to establish the respective at least one operational limit.
.Iaddend. .Iadd.50. The surgical system of claim 49 wherein said
means for establishing controls the operation of said motor in
response to said sensor means to establish said at least one
operational limit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.51. The surgical system of claim
50 wherein said sensor means comprises means for limiting the range
of speed and torque applied by motor to said arthroscopic surgical
instrument. .Iaddend. .Iadd.52. The surgical system of claim 50
wherein said arthroscopic surgical instrument and said surgical
device comprise an
integral unit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.53. A surgical device for use in a
surgical system of the kind that includes a handpiece for receiving
a proximal end of said surgical device, said handpiece having a
motor that has a range of operation for driving said surgical
device in response to a controller, said surgical device
comprising
at least one indicator disposed on said proximal end to indicate a
portion of said range in which said motor should drive said
surgical device, said at least one indicator being positioned to be
detected by a sensor on said handpiece, said controller being
adapted to respond to the detection of said at least one indicator
by said sensor by limiting operation of said motor to said
indicated portion of said range so that said surgical device is
permitted to operate within said portion of said range but not
outside of said portion of said range. .Iaddend. .Iadd.54. The
surgical device of claim 53 wherein said portion of said range
comprises less than all of said range. .Iaddend. .Iadd.55. The
surgical device of claim 53 wherein said at least one indicator
includes a magnet. .Iaddend. .Iadd.56. The surgical device of claim
53 wherein said sensor includes at least one switch positioned to
be actuated by said magnet when said device is received by said
handpiece. .Iaddend. .Iadd.57. The surgical device of claim 53
wherein said device includes an instrument disposed at a distal end
of said device and driven by said motor to cut tissue. .Iaddend.
.Iadd.58. The surgical device of claim 57 wherein said motor is
adapted to rotate a portion of said instrument. .Iaddend. .Iadd.59.
The surgical device of claim 57 wherein said device and said
instrument comprise an integral unit. .Iaddend. .Iadd.60. The
device of claim 53 wherein said device is adapted to removably
receive an instrument at a distal end of said device, and to couple
said instrument to said motor when said device is received by said
handpiece so that said motor drives said instrument to cut tissue.
.Iaddend. .Iadd.61. The surgical device of claim 53 wherein said
range of operation includes a speed range. .Iaddend. .Iadd.62. The
surgical device of claim 53 wherein said range of operation
includes a torque range. .Iaddend.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to systems for operating powered surgical
instruments.
Operating tips for cutting and abrading tissue come in widely
different sizes and configurations, each designed for performance
of a particular surgical procedure. The optimum operational limits
of the different surgical devices are different, for instance as to
the speed and torque at which they can safely operate.
If a surgical procedure on a patient requires use of surgical
devices of differing characteristics, the surgeon must either have
separate motorized units for each device, or a central unit must be
adjusted with each device change, a time-consuming operation, and
one that entails some risk of error, with possible damage to the
instrument or injury to the patient.
Objectives of this invention are to provide a surgical system
suitable for use with surgical devices having different operational
limits, which enables greater safety, speed and convenience with a
single drive unit.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, a single-motor surgical system adapted
to operate a set of different surgical devices having different
operational limits comprises; a handpiece containing the motor and
adapted to alternately receive a proximal portion of each of the
surgical devices, each of the surgical devices having an indicator
on its proximal portion that denotes its operational limit, the
handpiece including automatic sensor means for sensing the
indicator; and means responsive to the sensor to automatically
establish the operational limit of the motor in accordance with the
respective surgical device received by the handpiece.
In preferred embodiments, the system includes an arthroscopic
handpiece constructed as above and a plurality of surgical devices
adapted to receive different removable rotary tips that have
different operational limits of rotation, each of the plurality of
the devices having a vacuum passage connectible at one end to a
vacuum passage of the respective rotary tip and, adjacent the other
end, to a vacuum passage associated with the handpiece, whereby
tissue severed by the rotary tip can be removed from the surgical
site, the indicators of the surgical devices indicating to the
sensor means the rotational limits of the tips which the devices
are adapted to receive, preferably a vacuum passage is defined
through the handpiece from adjacent the surgical device to adjacent
the proximal end of the handpiece, and the handpiece includes means
for connecting the vacuum passage to an external source of suction,
whereby tissue severed by the rotary tip can be removed from the
surgical site through the handpiece; the sensor is adapted to limit
the torque applied by the motor and to limit the range of speed of
the motor; the motor is electrical and has an associated power
source, and the sensor means is responsive to the indicator of a
given surgical device to establish a limit on the electrical power
delivered by the power source, preferably the sensor means is
responsive to limit the voltage applied to the motor and the motor
is adapted to maintain its speed in accordance with the voltage
applied, and the sensor means is responsive to limit the electrical
current applied to the motor to limit the torque delivered by the
motor; the indicator for each of the set of surgical devices
comprises a magnet means adapted to produce a magnetic field
different from that of other surgical devices of the set, the
sensor means in the handpiece being responsive to the magnetic
field to switch the motor to the respective operational limit; and
the surgical devices include magnets in their proximal portions and
the handpiece includes a set of switches actuatable by the presence
of the magnets.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be understood
from the following description of the presently preferred
embodiment, and from the claims.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
We briefly describe the drawings.
DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective of the system according to the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view, partially in section of the motorized
handpiece of the system of the invention, while FIG. 2a is an end
section view of the handpiece at line 2a--2a of FIG. 2;
FIG. 3 is a side view, partially in section, of the distal portion
of the motorized handpiece of the system;
FIGS. 4 and 4a are side and end views, respectively, of one
surgical device adapted for use in the system of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view, partially in section, and FIG. 5a is an end
view of another surgical device of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a side section view and FIG. 6a is an end view of still
another surgical device of the invention; and
FIGS. 7, 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d are schemmatic diagrams of the circuitry
of the system according to the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the arthroscopic surgical system of the
invention consists of handpiece 10, surgical devices 12, 14, 16,
each intended for use within specific preselected operational
limits, controller/power unit 18 and foot control 20. Also included
are removable rotary tips selectively adapted for use with the
surgical devices, as discussed more fully below.
Handpiece 10 includes motor 21, and has a distal recess 22 into
which drive shaft 23 extends. The recess is sized and configured to
securely receive a proximal portion of the associated surgical
devices.
Three such surgical devices are shown. The Shaver/Cutter device 12
has an axial bore 13 of diameter D.sub.1, sized and adapted to
receive rotary tips having a corresponding outer diameter for
operation at rotational speeds in range R.sub.1, e.g. from about
100 rpm up to about 3 revolutions per second or 200 rpm. at maximum
torque of T.sub.1, e.g. 28 inch ounces. Rotary tips useful with
this surgical device include the Shaver, Cutter and Trimmer Blade
Assemblies, manufactured by Dyonics, Inc. of Andover, Mass. These
are indicated by reference numerals 25, 26, 27 in FIG. 1.
Arthroplasty/Synovial Resector device 14 has a larger axial bore 15
of diameter D.sub.2, sized and adapted to receive rotary tips of
corresponding outer diameter for operation at higher rotational
speeds in range R.sub.2, e.g. 400 to 1400 rpm. and at maximum
torque of T.sub.2, e.g. about 28 inch ounces. Rotary tips useful
with this surgical device include the Abrader and Full Radius
Synovectomy Blade Assemblies, also manufactured by Dyonics, Inc.,
and are indicated by reference numerals 28 and 29 in FIG. 1.
Small Joint device 16 has an axial bore 17 of diameter D.sub.3,
sized and adapted to receive rotary tips of configuration similar
to those mentioned above, but of smaller size for use within joints
offering limited working volume, e.g., the ankle, elbow and wrist
joints. Examples of suitable rotary tips are indicated by reference
numerals 30 and 31. Device 16 is suited for operation of rotary
tips in rotational speed range R.sub.3, e.g. about 300 to 1500 rpm.
at maximum torque T.sub.3, e.g. about 14 inch ounces.
Each rotary tip defines a vacuum passage extending from the distal
end of the tip, adjacent the cutting edges, through the rotary tip,
to discharge into a vacuum passage defined by the associated
surgical device, which serves as a drain case. The vacuum passage
of the drain case in turn is connected via outlet 39 in its side
wall to an aligned port 38 in the side wall defining the recess
into drain tube 40 provided within the handpiece. Adjacent the
proximal end of the handpiece the drain tube terminates in
connector 42 adapted for attachment to a suction hose 44, e.g. from
a wall suction outlet 46, for removal of tissue and fluid from the
surgical site. By conducting the fluid through the handpiece to the
proximal end, where the connecting hose, as it exits, is
substantially parallel to the power cord 48, interference by the
suction hose with manipulation of the handpiece by the surgeon is
minimized.
Within the handpiece, closely adjacent surface 32 defining the
surgical-device-receiving recess, are sensors consisting of end
operated mini-reed switches 34, 34'. In the proximal end surface of
each of the surgical devices, at selected locations opposite the
positions of the sensors when the device is assembled with the
handpiece, are magnets 36, 36' adapted to actuate the reed
switches. The magnetic indicators in the surgical devices are
arranged in predetermined respective patterns, whereby the acuation
of the switches opposite the magnet positions identifies to the
rest of the system, the device that is to be used. The
controller/power unit then automatically establishes a limit on the
power to be provided to the handpiece to limit the speed range and
the torque to within the preselected limits for optimum performance
of the rotary tip being used. This reduces the chance of damage to
the surgical device or tip, and reduces the risk of injury to the
patient.
The motor compartment of handpiece 10 is sealed, with the reed
switches disposed within the compartment, to permit the handpiece
to be sterilized by autoclaving. The surgical devices and rotary
tips can also be autoclaved.
Referring to FIG. 1, to operate the arthoscopic surgical system of
the invention, connect footswitch 50 to the labeled receptacle on
the side of the controller/power unit 18. Plug the cord 48 from the
motorized handpiece 10 into the proper receptacle 52 on the side of
the unit. (In the unit shown, provision is made for operation of
motor drive units for the Dyonics, Inc. Intra-Articular Surgical
System and the Arthroplasty System by connecting them to
receptacles 54, 56 of the power unit. The receptacles are designed
so that each motor drive unit will function only if its plug is
inserted into the correct receptacle.)
Turn the selector switch 58 at the left of the controller/power
unit front panel to its center position, labeled "UNIVERSAL DRIVE".
(If another motor drive unit is to be used, turn the selector
switch to the appropriate position. Power is supplied only at the
selected receptacle.)
Select the desired surgical device, e.g. Shaver/Cutter device 12,
bring the handpiece 10 and device 12 together, orienting the
handpiece so its key slot 60 can be seen. Orient the device 12 so
its key 62 can be seen. Slide the device into the handpiece so that
the key enters the slots. Push in until a click is heard. (When it
is desired to remove a surgical device, press down on the key and
simultaneously draw the device from the handpiece. If suction is
being applied, the operator will perceive a slight force holding
the components together.)
Each surgical device has a spring-loaded ring 64 at its distal end.
This is the release ring that permits rotary tip insertion and
removal. (The reference numerals given refer to device 12. Common
structural features present in devices 14 and 16 are indicated with
the same reference numerals, marked prime and double prime,
respectively.)
To attach a rotary tip, slide the release ring on the device toward
the handpiece. This will reveal the key slot 66" on the distal rim
of device recess (device 16, FIG. 6). Select a rotary tip from the
same family as the selected device. (The proximal portions of the
rotary tips are selectively sized to fit properly in the bore of
only the surgical device with which they are intended to be used.)
Orient the handpiece and device so that the key slot 66" on the
device and the corresponding key on the tip can both be seen.
Insert the tip into the device so that the key goes into the slot.
Let the release ring slide back to its original position. (To
remove a tip, slide the release ring toward the handpiece, and
simultaneously draw the tip out of the device. If suction is being
applied, the operator will perceive a slight force holding the
components together.)
Before beginning operation, the functions of the system should be
tested.
Turn the power unit function selector switch 68 at the lower light
of the panel to the ON position.
Turn the motor selector switch 58 at the lower left of the panel to
the position corresponding to the handpiece. When the handpiece of
the invention is used, one of LEDs 70 at the top of the panel will
automatically identify the device being used. If no device is
attached to the handpiece, no LED will light and the motor will not
run.
Use the speed control 72 at the center of the panel to control the
speed of the rotating tip within the range allowed.
Depress the footswitch and check that the blade in the tip goes in
both the forward and reverse directions.
Check the charge remaining in the battery by noting which LED is
lighted in the bargraph 74 at the top right of the panel. If one of
the bottom three LEDs is lighted, the unit should be recharged as
soon as possible. The function selector switch 68 must be in the ON
(left) position for this reading; turn it to the OFF (center)
position when not using or charging the power unit. During
operation, it is normal for the LED bargraph reading to change when
the footswitch is depressed.
Push the suction tube 44 firmly on the drain connector 42 of
handpiece drain tube 40.
The following is a brief description of the system circuitry, shown
in FIGS. 7 through 7d.
1. Functional mode selection. The selection is made by three
position rotary switch 68 at the lower right of the front panel.
When this switch is in the CHARGE position, current from the
charger can enter the power unit through resistor R1, which
produces a small voltage drop. This voltage operates LED charging
indicator D1. In the ON position, LED D2 on the front panel lights,
and power is supplied to the selected output. In the OFF position,
all circuits are inactive and no power is drained from the
batteries.
2. Charge remaining and charging rate indicators. During rapid
charging, charging rate LED D1 on the front panel glows steadily.
When the battery is fully charged, D1 lights sporadically or not at
all because there is little current through resistor R1. In either
the CHARGE or ON mode, bargraph B1 indicates the charge remaining
in the batteries. Trim pots P1 and P2 set the baseline and set
values. Transistor T1 provides a reference voltage.
3. Motor Drive Selection. Triple pole rotary selector switch S1 on
the front panel allows power to be delivered to the handpiece power
outputs. This switch also controls a logic (ground) signal on one
of three lines to tell the rest of the circuit which motor drive
unit has been selected.
4. Surgical Device Sensing and Logic Control. Two magnetic reed
switches (34,34') in the handpiece 10 are controlled by the
attached device. Their configuration provides two logical bits to
cover the four possibilities: no device, Shaver/Cutter device 12,
Arthroplasty/Synovial Resector device 14, or Small Joint device
16.
Assembly of device 12 with the handpiece causes magnetic 36 to
actuate opposed reed switch 34, switch 34' is not activated.
Similarly, assembly of device 14, having magnets 36, 36', with the
handpiece actuates both switches. Assembly of device 16 with the
handpiece causes only switch 36' to actuate. (If no device is in
position, neither switch is actuated.) Thus the system is able to
identify the device which has been assembled with the
handpiece.
This information and the position of motor drive selector switch 58
are input to several decoding circuit selectors. In each case,
current appears on only one output line (or none if handpiece is
attached). The circuitry on that output line is used to control
power delivered to the motor drive. This scheme allows independent
adjustment of the voltage/current profile for each combination of
motor drive and device. In addition, another decoding circuit
selector delivers voltage to one of the LEDs (D3, D4, or D5) on the
front panel to show which device has been attached.
5. Speed Control. For a given handpiece, device and torque demand,
speed is nearly proportional to supplied voltage. Current varies
little if the voltage is increased to speed up the rotation at
constant torque, because the increase in speed causes an increase
in the back emf of the motor. The driving voltage is supplied
through power transistor T2, whose base bias is controlled by op
amp A1. A portion of the driving voltage is fed back to the
reference input of A1. Motor drive speed is controlled by adjusting
speed control potentiometer P3 on the front panel to vary the
signal input to A1. Current sensing feedback resistor R2 develops a
voltage proportional to the current through the motor. If increased
resistance to rotation of the blade causes the motor to slow down,
the back emf is reduced, more current flows, and the voltage across
R2 increases. This voltage increases the signal input to A1, and
additional voltage is supplied to the motor to restore its speed to
the original value. An increase in speed caused by decreased
resistance to rotation has the opposite effect. The circuit thus
tens to keep the rotational speed constant as long as safe torque
limits (and maximum available battery voltage) are not exceded.
6. Speed range setting. The available range is determined by the
voltages at the fixed terminals of potentiometer P3, while the
wiper directs the control voltage to the regulator through op amps
A3 and A4, which are used for impedance matching. The voltage at
the high end of P3 is set by one of five voltage divider networks
attached to decoding circuit selector AS1. The inputs to AS1 are
the logic signals set by rotary selector switch S2 and by the reed
switches in the motor drive unit, which indicate which device is
attached. Based on these inputs, AS2 selects the voltage divider
network that has been preset for the motor drive and device in use.
Trim pots allow each network to be adjusted appropriately. The
voltage at the low end of P3 is similarly set by voltage divider
networks associated with AS2. This arrangement allows the speed
range to be independently set for each handpiece/device
combination.
7. Torque limit setting. For a given handpiece and device, current
is nearly proportional to the torque produced. The controller/power
unit limits the current so that applied torque will not excede a
safe value for the device in use. Current is sensed by observing
the voltage drop across resistor R2. Decoding circuit selector AS3
allows this potential to be scaled by an individually adjusted
voltage divider network for each handpiece/device configuration.
(This allows the torque limit to be tailored to the configuration
in use, as in the case of the speed range setting described above.)
The resulting voltage is the signal input to torque limiting op amp
A2. When this input reaches the fixed reference level, A2 operates
at very high gain to place a large signal on the reference input of
A1, preventing further increase in its output. The circuit thus
prevents an increase in driving voltage after the limiting current
and torque have been reached.
8. Device indicators. Decoding circuit selector AS4 allows front
panel indication of which device is in use. Its function is similar
to that of AS1, except that AS4 has only two inputs and therefore
depends only on the device. If a different handpiece is selected,
AS4 is inhibited. If the handpiece 10 is selected, the outputs from
AS4 allow one of the LEDs D3-D5 (70, FIG. 1) on the panel to light
to signal which device is attached. If no device is attached, no
LED lights and no power is delivered to the handpiece.
9. Forward/reverse. When forward rotation of the motor is selected
at the footswitch, relay X1 is activated, and power is supplied in
the forward direction to the motor drive selected by switch S1.
When reverse is selected at the footswitch, relay X2 is activated
and current to the motor drive flows in the opposite direction.
OTHER EMBODIMENTS
Other embodiments of the invention are within the following claims.
For example, the surgical device and rotary tip may be provided as
an integral unit. Where desired, the indicators may identify
operational limits in addition to or those other than power. Also,
the controller/power unit may be integral with the handpiece.
* * * * *