U.S. patent number RE33,210 [Application Number 07/131,730] was granted by the patent office on 1990-05-08 for cleaning composition of terpene hydrocarbon and a coconut oil fatty acid alkanolamide having water dispersed therein.
Invention is credited to Wilmer B. Stoufer.
United States Patent |
RE33,210 |
Stoufer |
May 8, 1990 |
Cleaning composition of terpene hydrocarbon and a coconut oil fatty
acid alkanolamide having water dispersed therein
Abstract
There is provided a composition especially useful to remove old
wax, grease, oils, or fats easily. The composition is a
water-in-oil emulsion of a terpene hydrocarbon and a coconut oil
fatty acid alkanolamide in water characterized by stability and
easy biodegradability.
Inventors: |
Stoufer; Wilmer B.
(Jacksonville, FL) |
Family
ID: |
26829746 |
Appl.
No.: |
07/131,730 |
Filed: |
December 11, 1987 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
Reissue of: |
858389 |
May 1, 1986 |
04704225 |
Nov 3, 1987 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
510/417; 134/40;
510/206; 510/365; 510/461; 510/502; 516/27 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D
1/523 (20130101); C11D 3/18 (20130101); C11D
3/222 (20130101); C11D 17/0017 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C11D
1/38 (20060101); C11D 1/52 (20060101); C11D
17/00 (20060101); C11D 3/22 (20060101); C11D
3/18 (20060101); C11D 001/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;252/153,171,309,548
;134/40 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Barr; Josephine
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A composition of matter consisting essentially of an
water-in-oil emulsion of (a) an oil phase consisting essentially of
from about 95 to 85 parts by volume of an unsaturated terpene
hydrocarbon and from about 5 to 15 parts by volume of the
condensation product of from 1.5 to 3 moles of a mono-, di-, or
trialkylolamine with 1 mole of a fatty acid containing 8 to 18
carbon atoms or a mixture of such fatty acids, and (b) from 5 to 8
parts by volume of water per part by volume of component (a).
2. A composition as defined in claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.19 wherein the
unsaturated terpene hydrocarbon contains 10 carbon atoms.
3. A composition as defined in claim 2 wherein the terpene
hydrocarbon is limonene.
4. A composition as defined in claim 2 wherein the terpene
hydrocarbon is pinene.
5. A composition as defined in claim 4 wherein the pinene is
alpha-pinene.
6. A composition as defined in claim 4 wherein the pinene is
beta-pinene.
7. A composition as defined in claim 2 wherein the terpene
hydrocarbon is carene.
8. A composition as defined in claim 7 wherein the carene is
delta-3-carene.
9. A composition as defined in claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.19 wherein the
alkanolamine has the general formula:
wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and
n is 1, 2, or 3.
10. A composition as defined in claim 9 wherein the alkyl group is
ethyl.
11. A composition as defined in claim 9 wherein n is 1.
12. A composition as defined in claim 10 wherein n is 2.
13. A composition as defined in claim 9 wherein the alkylolamine is
diethanolamine.
14. A composition as defined in claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.19 wherein the
condensation product is coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide.
15. A composition as defined in claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.19 wherein
component (a) is composed of 90 parts by volume of limonene and 10
parts by volume of coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide, and
component (b) is present in an amount of about 6 parts by volume
per part of component (a).
16. A composition as defined in claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.19 further
characterized by the presence therein of 0.1 to 3% by volume of a
stabilizer.
17. A composition as defined in claim 16 wherein the stabilizer is
cornstarch.
18. A composition as defined in claim 16 wherein the stabilizer is
hyroxyethylcellulose. .Iadd.
19. A composition of matter consisting essentially of a
water-in-oil emulsion of (a) an oil phase consisting essentially of
from about 95 to 85 parts by volume of and unsaturated terpene
hydrocarbon and from 5 to 15 parts by volume of the condensation
product of from 1.5 to 3 moles of mono-, di-, or trialkylolamine
with 1 mole of fatty acid containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms or a
mixture of such fatty acids, and (b) water.
Description
This invention relates, as indicated, to cleaning compositions
which are especially useful for removing waxes, fats, oils, and
greases and difficultly removable materials such as Bunker C oil or
other crude oil compositions. The composition is a water-in-oil
emulsion. It is characterized by a relatively short BOD compared
to, for example, petroleum derived solvent compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART
In order to impact a protective coating and/or to improve the
appearance of many surfaces, it has been customary in the past to
apply a wax coating. These coatings are by no means permanent and,
where exposed to elements such as weather, salt, human traffic,
etc., the wax surface gradually becomes flawed or disappears
entirely. Prior to applying a new wax coating, it has been found
desirable to remove the weathered or worn wax with a solvent or
solvent composition. Many of the solvents which are available for
this purpose have a tendency to deleteriously affect the substance,
particularly where the substrate is a painted or other organic
chemical material, as for example the surface of an automobile. To
overcome these problems, the prior art has developed various
emilsion compositions which are based primarily upon the use of
petroleum derived hydrocarbons, e.g., kerosene, petroleum
distillates, e.g., n-hexane, etc. While these materials are quite
effective to remove wax from a surface, they are environmentally
undersirable, principally because of the prolonged BOD, e.g., up to
40 days in duration.
I have now found that a highly effective cleaning composition
especially suited for removal of wax or wax-like materials from
surfaces can be prepared using a natural material, e.g., a terpene
hydrocarbon material, such as citrus limonene, alpha-pinene
beta-pinene, or delta-3-carene. This material together with a
suitable dispersing agent described below is dispersed in an
aqueous medium in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion. In this
form, the oil phase comes immediately into contact with the wax or
other organic substance to be removed, and because of the high
solvency power of the terpene hydrocarbon is able very quickly to
dissolve the old surface coating including oils, fats, waxes and
greases. Because the emulsion is a water-in-oil emulsion and has
suitable rheological properties when on the surface even though
vertically disposed, and does not "run". After a suitable contact
time, additional water can be added to the surface, usually in the
form of a spray which causes an inversion of the emilsion to an
oil-in-water emulsion whereby the cleaning compositions is readily
removed from the surface.
BRIEF STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Briefly stated, the present invention is in a composition of matter
consisting essentially of a water-in-oil emulsion of (a) an oil
phase consisting essentially of from about 95 to 85 parts by volume
of an unsaturated terpene hydrocarbon and from about 5 to 15 parts
by volume of the condensation product of from 1.5 to 3.0 moles of a
mono-, di-, or trialkylolamine with 1 mole of a C.sub.8 -C.sub.10
fatty acid, or fatty acid mixture of two more fatty acids
containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and (b) from 5 to 8 parts by
volume of water per part by volume of component (a). The
composition of the present invention may contain small amounts,
i.e., less than 10% by volume of additional ingredients which do
not adversely effect the matter in which the water-in-oil emulsion
operates. Such materials include emulsion stabilizers, such as
ordinary cornstarch, hydroxymethylcellulose, or fungicides,
bactericides, or mildewcides, colorants, antioxidants, ordorants,
or mixtures thereof and the like. The terpene hydrocarbon materials
at the recommended concentrations have a pleasant citrusy odor, and
normally odorant components or masks are not necessary.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND SPECIFIC EXAMPLES
As indicated above, the compositions of the present invention
contain 3 essential ingredients: (a) an unsaturated terpene
hydrocarbon, preferably an unsaturated cyclic terpene hydrocarbon
containing 10 carbon atoms and selected from limonene or dipentene,
alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, mixtures of alpha- and beta-pinene,
carene, etc.; (b) a water soluble amide of a coconut oil fatty acid
or mixture of coconut oil fatty acids; and (c) water.
The unsaturated tepene hydrocarbon solvents of the present
invention are derivatives of pine tree products or citrus by
products, and, therefore, are naturally occuring materials. These
hydrocarbons can be used alone or as mixtures. A readily available,
inexpensive unsaturated hydrocarbon, and one which is preferred for
use in accordance herewith is citrus limonene or dipentene.
Turpentine which is a mixture of predominately alpha-and
bets-pinene may also be used. Aplha- and beta-pinene may also be
used individually as the solvent ingredient for the oil phase. The
various carene isomers may be used as a mixture or as individual
components, e.g., delta-3-carene. Numerous other unsaturated
terpene hydrocarbons are known to those skilled in the art and may
be used herein. However, those mentioned above are the most readily
available and least expensive.
The second essential component of the cleaning compositions hereof
is an alkanolamide derivative of a fatty acid or other vegetable
fatty acids or a mixture of fatty acids. Coconut oil fatty acids
are preferred and include caprylic (about 8% of the fatty acids
naturally occuring in coconut oil), capric acid (about 7%), lauric
acid (about 48%), myristic acid (about 17.5%), palmitic acid (about
8.2%), stearic acid (about 2%), oleic acid (about 6%), and linoleic
acid (about 2.5%). The fatty acids containing from 8 to 18 carbon
atoms, and particularly lauric acid are preferred.
Reference may be had to the patent to Kritchevsky U.S. Pat. No.
2,089,212 dated Aug. 10, 1937 for details of the preparation of
coconut oil fatty acid alkanolamides useful in accordance with the
present invention. The preferred coconut oil fatty acid
alkanolamide useful herein is that produced by condensing 2 moles
of diethanolamine with 1 mole of the fatty acid mixture derived
from coconut oil. U.S. Pat. No. 2,089,212, supra, is incorporated
herein by reference thereto.
A typical example of an emulsifying agent useful herein is prepared
by reacting 1 mole of coconut oil fatty acids with 2 moles of
diethanolamine at a temperature of from 145.degree. C. to
200.degree. C. for a few hours. The resulting condensate is soluble
in water and has excellent properties as an emulsifying agent. (See
Examples 3 and 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 2,089,212). Instead of
diethanolamine, equivalent quantities of monoethanolamine or
triethanolamine may be used. Reference may also be had to U.S. Pat.
No. 3,373,173 to Foley et al dated Mar. 12, 1968 which discloses a
modified (phthalic anhydride) coconut oil fatty acid alkanol
amide.
The third essential ingredient of the compositions of the present
invention is water. Ordinary tap water, or distilled water, or
deionized water may be used. Clearly ordinary tap water is
preferred for the reason of low cost. The insignificant amounts of
dissolved impurities in tap water do not appear to affect adversely
the compostions hereof for their intended purpose.
Optional components such as emulsion stabilizing agents may be
included although it has been found that emulsions made of the
foregoing 3 essential ingredients in the proportions stated below
are stable over long periods of time at ambient temperatures above
about 50.degree. F. Where lower temperatures are encountered, it
may be found desirable to include an emulsion stabilizing
ingredient. It has been found that common cornstarch in an amount
of from 1 to 2 ounces per gallon of emulsion is highly effective
for this purpose. A much smaller quantity, e.g., 0.1 to 0.2 parts
by volume of hydroxymethylcellulose per gallon of water is very
effective. Other stabilizing agents such as gum arabic may also be
used. Where the emulsion is freshly prepared and used directly,
such stabilizers have been found necessary, However if several days
to several months are to elapse before use, inclusion of a
stabilizer or anti-oxidant is desirable for best results.
Other nonessential ingredients for purposes of conferring desired
properties such as odor control, resistance to fungus growth,
resistance to mildew growth, etc. may be included. The amount of
these ingredients ranges generally from about 0.1 to 1% by
volume.
The emulsion of the present invention are very easily fabricated.
All that is necessary is to dissolve the fatty acid alkanolaminde
in water and add the unsaturated terpene hydrocarbon thereto with
vigorous stirring as with an ordinary Waring blender. Although an
oil-in-water emilsion may be first formed, when the composition is
diluted with water to the desired concentration, the emulsion will
spontaneously invert to a water-in-oil emulsion which is the
preferred form for use in accordance herewith.
It has been found that for best results, the water-in-oil emulsion
hereof contain 1 part by volume of the organic phase and from 5 to
8 parts by volume, preferably 6 to 7 parts by volume of water. The
ratio of unsaturated terpene hydrocarbon to fatty acid alkanolamide
is desirably within the range of from 95 to 85 percent by volume of
the terpene hydrocarbon and 5-15 percent by volume of coconut oil
fatty acid alkanolamide. Especially satisfactory results are
obtained when the ratio of unsaturated terpene hydrocarbon to fatty
acid alkanolamide is 90:10 by volume.
It becomes convenient at this point to illustrate the invention by
giving specific examples of water-in-oil emulsion in accordance
with the present invention. Example 1 below is the best mode of
carrying out the present invention. The emulsion were made using a
Waring blender for period of about 5 to 15 minutes at room
temperature.
______________________________________ EXAMPLE 1 Limonene 90 parts
by volume Coconut Oil Fatty Acid diethanolamide 10 parts by volume
Water 550 parts by volume EXAMPLE 2 Limonene 90 parts by volume
Coconut Oil Fatty Acid diethanolamide 10 parts by volume Water
containing 0.1 part by volume/gal. 550 parts by volume of water of
hydroxyethylcellulose EXAMPLE 3 Limonene 85 parts by volume Coconut
Oil Fatty Acid diethanolamide 15 parts by volume Water 550 parts by
volume EXAMPLE 4 Limonene 95 parts by volume Coconut Oil Fatty Acid
diethanolamide 5 parts by volume Water 550 parts by volume EXAMPLE
5 Alpha-pinene 90 parts by volume Coconut Oil Fatty Acid
diethanolamide 10 parts by volume Water 500 parts by volume EXAMPLE
6 Beta-pinene 90 parts by volume Coconut Oil Fatty Acid
diethanolamide 10 parts by volume Water 700 parts by volume EXAMPLE
7 Delta-3-carene 85 parts by volume Coconut Oil Fatty Acid
diethanolamide 15 parts by volume Water 800 parts by volume
______________________________________ Example 2 represents the
best mode of carrying out my invention.
Water-in-oil emulsion having compositions such as illustrated above
have been found highly effective in removing materials such as
Bunker C oil, paraffin wax, roofer's cement, carnauba wax, beeswax,
automobile wax compositions, surfboard wax and ski wax
compositions, lipstick composition, vegetable, and animal type
oils, fats, greases and the like. The mode of wax removal
contemplates for best results simply spraying the emulsion onto the
surface coated with the material it is desired to remove, allowing
the emulsion to remain in contact with the material to be removed
for a period of from about 3 to 10 minutes, and then applying by
spray means as from an ordinary garden hose, tap water in an amount
sufficient to wash off the emulsion together with the old coating
material. In some cases such as in the case of Bunker C oil, it may
be found desirable to make a second application of the emulsion.
Bunker C oil is one of the most difficult materials to remove from
a surface it being highly resistant to all known solvents. When the
substrate is a painted metal surface, such as the body of an
automobile, the emulsion of the present invention have been found
to have no effect upon the substrate, particularly where the
varnish is a urethane type varnish. These materials may also be
used to remove furniture wax without damaging the varnished
substrate.
The inclusion of a small amount of a stabilizer such as mentioned
above has been found to smooth out the film of water-in-oil
emulsion which is spray applied. Thus, one to two ounces of
cornstarch per gallon of emulsion will also confer desired
rheological properties on the spray applied film.
* * * * *