U.S. patent number RE32,212 [Application Number 06/663,817] was granted by the patent office on 1986-07-22 for compliant backplane electrical connector.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Electronics Stamping Corporation. Invention is credited to Helmut W. Greul, Leo Walter.
United States Patent |
RE32,212 |
Walter , et al. |
July 22, 1986 |
Compliant backplane electrical connector
Abstract
A compliant electrical connector .[.has a pin with edges to grip
the boundary of a hole, the pin having at least one groove sunk in
the side thereof so that the pin forms a flexure that flexes to
reduce the cross sectional area of the groove as the pin is
inserted into the hole..]. .Iadd.pin has an elongated body with
laterally oppositely facing walls for engaging electrical structure
forming a hole into which the pin is pressed, the pin having
compliant body extent between such walls and including a flexure in
yieldable flexed condition, the flexure including a spring for
developing outwardly opposing forces for forcing the laterally
oppositely facing walls into contact with the structure forming the
hole. An electrical connection is thereby provided from the pin and
the structure forming the hole. .Iaddend.
Inventors: |
Walter; Leo (Palos Verdes
Estates, CA), Greul; Helmut W. (Malibu, CA) |
Assignee: |
Electronics Stamping
Corporation (Rancho Dominguez, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
26687396 |
Appl.
No.: |
06/663,817 |
Filed: |
October 22, 1984 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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420720 |
Sep 21, 1982 |
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Reissue of: |
015540 |
Feb 26, 1979 |
04223970 |
Sep 23, 1980 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
439/82;
439/743 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
12/58 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H05K 001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/17C,22R,221R,221M |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Desmond; Eugene F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cushman, Darby & Cushman
Parent Case Text
.Iadd.This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 420,720, filed
Sept. 21, 1982, now abandoned, which is a reissue of Ser. No.
15,450, filed Feb. 26, 1979, which issued as Pat. No. 4,223,970 of
Sept. 23, 1980..Iaddend.
Claims
I claim: .[.1. In a compliant electrical connector adapted to be
pressed into a hole formed by surrounding structure, the
combination comprising
(a) an axially elongated pin having edges to forcibly grip said
structure at the boundary of the hole as the pin is inserted into
the hole,
(b) the pin having first and second elongated grooves respectively
sunk in opposite sides thereof, the full depth of each groove along
a substantial portion of its length being greater than one-half the
thickness of the section between said opposite sides of the pin,
the grooves extending axially of the pin and configured to locally
weaken the pin so that at least one flexure is formed by the pin to
extend axially thereof between and adjacent the grooves and along
the groove length,
(c) the flexure adapted to yieldably flex in response to insertion
of the pin into the hole and progressive gripping of said structure
by pin edges, thereby to reduce the cross sectional area of that
groove in response to
insertion of the pin into the hole..]. 2. The connector of claim
.[.1.]. .Iadd.12 .Iaddend.wherein the depth of each groove
progressively increases along one end portion of the groove. .[.3.
The connector of claim 1 wherein the least one of said grooves has
side walls forming generally V-shaped cross sections along major
extent of the groove and in planes normal to said axis, the depth
of the groove accommodating relative movement of said walls toward
one another in response to said insertion of
the pin into said hole..]. 4. The connector of claim .[.1.].
.Iadd.12 .Iaddend.wherein the two grooves open outwardly at
generally opposite
sides of the pin. 5. The connector of claim 4 wherein the depths of
said grooves in the pin progressively increase along corresponding
end portions of the two grooves. .[.6. The connector of claim 5
wherein each groove has side walls forming generally V-shaped cross
section along major extent of each groove and in planes normal to
said axis, the depths of the grooves accommodating relative
movement of walls of each groove relatively toward
one another in response to said insertion of the pin into the
hole..]. 7. The connector of claim .[.1.]. .Iadd.12
.Iaddend.wherein the pin has a Z-shaped cross section at the locus
of said grooves. .[.8. The connector of claim 1 including said
structure forming said hole into which the pin
is received..]. 9. The connector of claim .[.8.]. .Iadd.14
.Iaddend.wherein said structure includes an electrically conductive
plating material bounding said hole and penetrated by said pin
edges, the pin having a generally polygonal overall external cross
section. .[.10. In a compliant electrical connector adapted to be
pressed into a hole formed by surrounding structure, the
combination comprising
(a) an axially elongated pin having edges to forcibly grip said
structure at the boundary of the hole as the pin is inserted into
the hole,
(b) the pin having two grooves with predetermined cross-sectional
areas sunk respectively in generally opposite sides thereof, the
pin also having end walls spaced apart in a first lateral
direction, the grooves extending axially of the pin and in such
lateral relation that an axially elogated flexure is formed
intermediate the two grooves, the grooves being relatively
staggered in said first lateral direction so that the deepest
portion of one groove is closer to one of said end walls than the
other end wall, and the deepest portion of the other groove is
closer to said other end wall than said one end wall,
(c) the flexure adapted to yieldably flex in response to insertion
of the pin into the hole and progressive gripping of said structure
by pin edges, thereby to simultaneously reduce the cross sectional
areas of the two
grooves in response to insertion of the pin into the hole..]. 11.
The connector of claim .[.10.]. .Iadd.16 .Iaddend.wherein the pin
also has a wire-wrap section beyond one end of said grooves, and an
enlarged
cross-section beyond the opposite end of said grooves. .Iadd.12. In
a compliant electrical connector adapted to be pressed into a hole
formed by surrounding structure, the combination comprising:
(a) an axially elongated pin having edge portions to forcibly grip
said structure at the boundary of the hole as the pin is inserted
into the hole,
(b) the pin having first and second elongated grooves respectively
sunk in opposite sides thereof, the full depth of each groove along
a substantial portion of its length being greater than one-half the
thickness of the section between said opposite sides of the pin,
the grooves extending axially of the pin and configured to locally
weaken the pin so that at least one flexure is formed by the pin to
extend axially thereof between and adjacent the grooves and along
the groove length,
(c) the flexure adapted to yieldably flex in response to insertion
of the pin into the hole and progressive gripping of said structure
by pin edge portions, thereby to reduce the cross-sectional area of
that groove in response to insertion of the pin into the hole,
(d) at least one of said grooves having side walls forming
generally V-shaped cross-sections along major extent of the groove
and in planes normal to said axis, the depth of the groove
accommodating relative movement of said walls toward one another in
response to said insertion of
the pin into said hole..Iaddend. .Iadd.13. In a compliant
electrical connector adapted to be pressed into a hole formed by
surrounding structure, the combination comprising:
(a) an axially elongated pin having edge portions to forcibly grip
said structure at the boundary of the hole as the pin is inserted
into the hole,
(b) the pin having first and second elongated grooves respectively
sunk in opposite sides thereof, the full depth of each groove along
a substantial portion of its length being greater than one-half the
thickness of the section between said opposite sides of the pin,
the grooves extending axially of the pin and configured to locally
weaken the pin so that at least one flexure is formed by the pin to
extend axially thereof between and adjacent the grooves and along
the groove length,
(c) the flexure adapted to yieldably flex in response to insertion
of the pin into the hole and progressive gripping of said structure
by pin edge portions, thereby to reduce the cross-sectional area of
that groove in response to insertion of the pin into the hole,
(d) said two grooves opening outwardly at generally opposite sides
of the pin, the depths of said grooves progressively increasing
along corresponding end portions of the two grooves,
(e) each groove having side walls forming generally V-shaped cross
sections along major extent of each groove and in planes normal to
said axis, the depths of the grooves accommodating relative
movement of walls of each groove relatively toward one another in
response to said insertion of the
pin into the hole..Iaddend. 14. .Iadd.In a compliant electrical
connector adapted to be pressed into a hole formed by surrounding
structure, the combination comprising:
(a) an axially elongated pin having edge portions to forcibly grip
said structure at the boundary of the hole as the pin is inserted
into the hole,
(b) the pin having first and second elongated grooves respectively
sunk in opposite sides thereof, the full depth of each groove along
a substantial portion of its length being greater than one-half the
thickness of the section between said opposite sides of the pin,
the grooves extending axially of the pin and configured to locally
weaken the pin so that at least one flexure is formed by the pin to
extend axially thereof between and adjacent the grooves and along
the groove length,
(c) the flexure adapted to yieldably flex in response to insertion
of the pin into the hole and progressive gripping of said structure
by pin edge portions, thereby to reduce the cross-sectional area of
that groove in response to insertion of the pin into the hole,
(d) and including said structure forming said hole into which the
pin is received,
(e) at least one of said grooves having a bottom and opposite side
walls which taper generally toward said bottom along major extent
of the groove, the depth of the groove accommodating relative
movement of said side walls toward one another in response to said
insertion of the pin into said hole..Iaddend. .Iadd.15. In a
compliant electrical connector adapted to be pressed into a hole
formed by surrounding structure, the combination comprising:
(a) an axially elongated pin having edge portions to forcibly grip
said structure at the boundary of the hole as the pin is inserted
into the hole,
(b) the pin having first and second elongated grooves respectively
sunk in opposite sides thereof, the full depth of each groove along
a substantial portion of its length being greater than one-half the
thickness of the section between said opposite sides of the pin,
the grooves extending axially of the pin and configured to locally
weaken the pin so that at least one flexure is formed by the pin to
extend axially thereof between and adjacent the grooves and along
the groove length,
(c) the flexure adapted to yieldably flex in response to insertion
of the pin into the hole and progressive gripping of said structure
by pin edge portion, thereby to reduce the cross-sectional area of
that groove in response to insertion of the pin into the hole,
(d) and including said structure forming said hole into which the
pin is received, said structure including an electrically
conductive plating material bounding said hole and penetrated by
said pin edges, the pin having a generally polygonal overall
external cross section..Iaddend. .Iadd.16. In a compliant
electrical connector adapted to be pressed into a hole formed by
surrounding structure, the combination comprising:
(a) an axially elongated pin having edge portions to forcibly grip
said structure at the boundary of the hole as the pin is inserted
into the hole,
(b) the pin having two grooves with predetermined cross-sectional
areas sunk respectively in generally opposite sides thereof, the
pin also having end walls spaced apart in a first lateral
direction, the grooves extending axially of the pin and in such
lateral relation that an axially elongated flexure is formed
intermediate the two grooves, the grooves being relatively
staggered in said first lateral direction so that the deepest
portion of one groove is closer to one of said end walls than the
other end wall, and the deepest portion of other groove is closer
to said other end wall then said one end wall,
(c) the flexure adapted to yieldably flex in response to insertion
of the pin into the hole and progressive gripping of said structure
by pin edge portions, thereby to simultaneously reduce the
cross-sectional areas of the two grooves in response to insertion
of the pin into the hole,
(d) at least one of said grooves having side walls forming
generally V-shaped cross sections along major extent of the groove
and in planes normal to said axis, the depth of the groove and in
planes normal to said axis, the depth of the groove accommodating
relative movement of said walls toward one another in response to
said insertion of the pin into said hole..Iaddend. .Iadd.17. In
combination with electrical structure forming a hole, a compliant
electrical connector pressed into said hole, the connector
comprising:
(a) an axially elongated pin having outer walls facing
directionally laterally oppositely and forcibly displaced
relatively toward one another by said structure,
(b) the pin having compliant body extent located between said walls
and defining two grooves extending axially of the pin and in such
lateral relation that an axially elongated flexure is formed
intermediate the two grooves, the grooves being relatively
staggered in said lateral direction so that the deepest portion of
one groove is closer to one of said walls than the other wall, and
the deepest portion of the other groove is closer to said other
wall than to said one wall, the grooves having lateral widths,
(c) the flexure being in yieldably flexed condition in response to
endwise insertion of the pin into said hole, thereby tending to
reduce the widths of said grooves,
(d) at least one of said grooves having side walls forming
generally V-shaped cross sections along major extent of the one
groove and in planes normal to said axis, the depth of the groove
accommodating relative movement of said walls toward one another in
response to insertion of the
pin into the hole..Iaddend. .Iadd.18. In combination with
electrical structure forming a hole, an electrical connector pin
pressed axially into said hole, the pin comprising:
(a) an elongated body having laterally oppositely facing walls
forcibly displaced relatively toward one another by said
structure,
(b) and compliant body extent located between said walls and
including a flexure in yieldably flexed condition and having
opposite sides,
(c) and two grooves formed by said compliant body extent and
located respectively adjacent said flexure opposite sides and
between said walls, one groove closer to one of said walls than to
the other wall, and the other groove closer to the other wall than
to said one wall,
(d) at least one of said grooves having side walls forming
generally V-shaped cross sections along major extent of the one
groove and in planes normal to said axis, the depth of the groove
accommodating relative movement of said walls toward one another in
response to insertion of the
pin into the hole..Iaddend. .Iadd.19. In combination with
electrical structure forming a hole, an electrical connector pin
pressed axially into said hole, the pin comprising:
(a) an elongated body having laterally oppositely facing walls for
engaging the electrical structure forming a hole,
(b) an compliant body extent located between said walls and
including a flexure in yieldable flexed condition and having
opposite sides,
(c) said flexure located between said laterally oppositely facing
walls, and flexure including a spring for developing outwardly
opposing forces for forcing said laterally opposite facing walls
into contact with said structure forming a hole to thereby provide
an electrical connection between said connector pin and said
structure forming a hole,
(d) said compliant body extent defining at least one groove having
side walls forming generally V-shaped cross sections along major
extent of the one groove and in planes normal to said axis, the
depth of the groove accommodating relative movement of said walls
toward one another in response to insertion of the pin into the
hole..Iaddend.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to the joining of electrical
contacts or connectors to circuit boards, and more particularly
concerns the construction of such contacts or connection to provide
compliance or self-adjustment giving intimate contact with plating
at a hole through the board, and enhancing reliability.
In the early days of computers, logic wiring was constantly
changed, and thus the computer was "programmed" by plug-in wires
called "patch cords", patching one component to another. These
patch cords were located at the back or "back plane" of the
computer. As transistors have advanced, and developed into a
plurality of switches (gates, as they are called), logic is
programmed into the computer by opening or closing said switches
and gates. In this way, actual wiring is not physically disturbed.
Subsequently, printed wiring boards carried the logic and memory
components, with said wiring boards pluggable into "edge card
connectors." Mounted on a "backplane", this is the same technology
used to this day. However, the "backplane" still employs a
plurality of posts, emanating from the back sides of the edge card
connectors. These posts are wired by wire wrapping methods to
program the computer, during manufacture. Program changes, and new
programs are made by transistor switching. Further development of
the "backplane" embodied the introduction of large, thicker printed
wiring boards, with interconnecting circuits, to eliminate up to
about 75% of wire wrap connections.
There are problems with this approach, for the posts from the
connectors have to be soldered to the backplane, and mass wave
soldering coats the connector posts with solder, thus making the
subsequent wire wrap connections difficult and less reliable. Other
mass soldering techniques cause severe warping of the entire
backplane, due to high heat. This warpage creates severe
reliability problems with the backplane connectors.
Attempts have been made to force-fit solid contact stems into the
printed wiring backplane, through the holes previously used for
soldered posts. This method works, but the printed-through holes
have to be held to very close tolerances. Too large a hole gives a
loose pin, with intermittent electrical contact, while a small hole
is physically damaged by the tremendous force generated when the
pin is forced in. Tight control of hole dimensions is effective,
but costly.
One known connector provides a post that adjusts itself to various
hole sizes. However it is violently overstressed when pressed into
the plated hole, with reliability being about 98% good. The
remaining 2% are good until thermal conditions create stress
relaxation in the contact material and intermittent contact results
(intermittency is the most troublesome fault). Another known
compliant device operates like a spring "roll pin". This is
effective but is costly to produce, and cannot be produced in close
proximity to adjacent contacts, as much raw material is used to
produce this device. Other known devices employ through slots in
the center of the metal of the compliant section. Extensive testing
shows that this approach is even less reliable than the first one,
unless one starts to again limit the hole size. Accordingly, there
is need for a highly reliable compliant pin, making good contact
with plating at all temperatures.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a major object of the invention to provide a contact or
connector which will overcome the problems and difficulties
described above, and which is characterized by high reliability,
low cost, and desired compliance.
Basically, the connector is adapted to be pressed endwise into a
hole in a circuit board, and comprises:
(a) an axially elongated pin having edges to forcibly grip
structure at the boundary of the hole as the pin is inserted into
the hole,
(b) the pin having at least one elongated groove sunk in the side
thereof, the groove extending axially of the pin and configured to
locally weaken the pin so that at least one flexure is formed by
the pin to extend axially thereof adjacent the groove and along the
groove length,
(c) the flexure adapted to yieldably flex in response to insertion
of the pin into the hole and progressive gripping of said structure
by pin edges, thereby to reduce the cross sectional area of that
groove in response to insertion of the pin into the hole.
As will be seen, two elongated grooves are typically sunk in
opposite sides of the pin in such manner that a Z-shaped cross
section is formed, with the flexure web located intermediate two
spaced webs which define the corners or edges that grip the plating
about the hole. The "Z" section, being now in a "concertina like"
or bellows form, has become a spring, and like a bellows, it can be
compressed inwardly, and due to its spring qualities, it will
return to its stamped shape on removal of compressive forces. When
deflected inwardly, by such action, energy is stored in the spring
members, developing outwardly opposing forces against the walls of
the hole. In application, the confining hole is plated in a
backplane circuit board. Such holes typically have an electroplated
layer of copper, and covering this, a layer of electroplated tin or
tin/lead alloy.
When inserted into such a hole, the spring action of the contact
section will create outwardly directed forced such that intimate
electrical contact is made between the edges of the contact member,
and the tin or tin/lead electroplating in the walls of the plated
hole. Forces must be low enough that damage to the hole surface, or
to the fiberglass substrate of the printed circuit board does not
occur; yet, forces developed should be high enough to break through
and penerate the surface oxides that form on the tin/tin lead
plated surface (oxides are poor electrical conductors). Also, the
entire contact pin must be held firmly in its inserted location,
such that subsequent operations--wire wrapping--logic board
interconnection etc., do not dislodge the contact or disturb the
intimate electrical connection.
The invention has added advantages over other known types of
compliant pin contacts in the fact that four edges are pressed
against the walls of the hole. This gives great stability. It also
gives a large surface of contact and the contacting edges are
deployed fairly equally within the hole--thus stability is good in
all directions.
Accordingly, the invention provides:
1. A contact that, by spring means, is compliant to fit into a
plated hole.
2. A contact that is compliant sufficient to provide electrical
contact with the plating in a plated hole.
3. A contact that, while compliantly fitting a plated hole, has
rigid stability such that it cannot be displaced or disrupted
unless a longitudinal force be applied to the contact in excess of
about twelve pounds.
4. A contact that, while making good intimate electrical contact
with a plated hole, has sufficient integrity to continue to make
intimate contact at temperatures of up to 100.degree. C. for 1,000
hours.
5. A contact that, when pressed into a correctly sized hole, will
not be overstressed, or damaged to the degree that would jeopardize
item 4 above.
6. A contact that will meet requirements 1-5 above regardless of
the physical size of the plated hole, within the accepted normal
limits of hole size variations common to commercial printed circuit
board manufacturers.
7. A contact that, while meeting requirements one thru six, can be
manufactured in a continuous strip, with spacing as small as 0.100
inches between formed contacts.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as
the details of an illustrative embodiment, will be more fully
understood from the following description and drawings, in
which:
DRAWING DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a connector embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation taken on lines 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a vertical section showing a typical application of the
FIG. 1 connector;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged section taken on lines 4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary side view of the grooved portion
of the FIG. 1 connector pin;
FIG. 6 is a side elevation taken on lines 6--6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a section taken on lines 7--7 of FIG. 5; and
FIG. 8 is a section taken on lines 8--8 of FIG. 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In FIGS. 1 and 2 the contact or connector 10 is shown to include a
head portion 11 and an axially elongated pin 12. The latter
includes a relatively wider section 12a, a wire-wrap post section
12b, and an intermediate section 12c joining the sections 12a and
12b. Section 12a may have the undulating form best seen in FIG. 2.
Head 12 may comprise a bus or strip.
Step shoulder 13 formed at the junction of sections 12a and 12c is
adapted to engage the printed circuit back plane board 14, or the
plating 15a thereon, upon insertion of the connector into the
board, thereby to limit such insertion. FIG. 3 shows two such
connectors 10 inserted through openings or holes 16 the bores of
which are plated at 15b with electrically conductive material.
In accordance with the invention, the pin has edges to forcibly
grip the structure (as for example plating 15b) at the boundary of
the hole as the pin is inserted into the hole. In the example shown
in FIGS. 4-8, the pin section 12c' has four edges 18a, 18b, 18c and
18d at the corners of the generally rectangular cross section of
the section 12c. Such edges penetrate the plating 15b upon
insertion of the section 12c into the opening 16, and as will be
explained, the section 12c' yieldably reduces in length so that the
section end walls move from broken line positions 19a and 20a to
the full line positions 19 and 20 indicated in FIG. 4.
Further in accordance with the invention, the pin has at least one
elongated groove sunk in the side thereof, the groove extending
axially of the pin and configured to locally weaken the pin so that
at least one flexure is formed by the pin to extend axially thereof
adjacent the groove and along the groove length. The flexure is
adapted to yieldably flex in response to insertion of the pin into
the hole, and in response to progressive gripping of the hole
forming structure by the pin edges, thereby to reduce the cross
sectional area of groove in response to insertion of the pin into
the hole.
In the example, two such grooves 21 and 22 are sunk in opposite
sides 23 and 24 respectively of section 12c, giving the cross
section a Z-shape. Each groove has opposite side walls 25 and 26
forming generally V-shaped groove cross sections along major extent
of the groove, and in planes normal to the pin axis 28. Also, the
bottoms of the grooves are concavely rounded as at 29. The depth of
each groove is such as to accommodate relative movement of the
walls 25 and 26 toward one another in response to insertion of the
pin into the hole. In this regard note the broken line wall
positions 25a and 26a in FIG. 4, prior to such insertion. Note in
FIG. 4 that the full depth of each groove is greater than 1/2 the
thickness of the section 12c between sides 23 and 24, but less than
3/4 that thickness, for best results.
FIGS. 5 and 7 show that the groove depth progressively increases
along the flat triangular groove bottom wall 31 between the flat
outer surface 32 and the full groove depth 29, at one end of the
groove; likewise, at the opposite end of the groove, the depth
progressively increase along the flat triangular groove bottom wall
33 between the transverse plane of shoulder 13 and the full groove
depth. These geometries are the same for both grooves 21 and
22.
Ease of entry to prevent sudden disruption of a hole surface is
thereby achieved in two ways with this design: the profile shape of
the compliant section provides a "lead in", and the leading ends of
the grooves making the bellows shape, and angled to allow
deflection to occur progressively. In this regard, too obtuse an
angle between groove walls 25 and 26 would overstress the metal
during manufacture, and could cause fracture of the metal, while
too sharp an angle would fail to develop forces that act throughout
the length of the hole. The flexure is formed at 40 between the two
grooves.
Accordingly, the advantages described above, and also having to do
with yieldable transverse contraction of the pin section 12c cross
section (enabling progressive edge penetration of the plating
material 15b) are most advantageously realized through the pin
construction as described. Note also the gradual taper at 34 of the
pin lead in from wire-wrap section 12b to section 12c.
The spring action of the present design provides sufficient
developed force to allow for, and compensate for, some loss of
strength that occurs in any spring. Loss of strength is caused by
heat and time, such losses being approximately the same for low
heat/long time and for high heat/short time. Computers normally get
hot, but are cooled by mechanical means to approximately to
50.degree. C. At this temperature, 10 to 15% of a spring force is
lost after 1,000 hours. Therefore, one must provide an initial
surplus of force, so that there is still an adequate residual force
over the lifetime of the product. Such stress relaxation is not
linear, and is to some degree self limiting. The force/area ratio,
(i.e. pressure) involved with this design is such that loss of 15%
of the force gives only a very small drop in pressure.
.Iadd.From the foregoing, it is clear that the invention provides a
compliant electrical connector pin having an elongated body with
laterally oppositely facing walls for engaging electrical structure
forming a hole into which the pin is pressed, the pin having
compliant body extent between such walls and including a flexure in
yieldable flexed condition, the flexure including a spring for
developing outwardly opposing forces for forcing the laterally
oppositely facing walls into contact with the structure forming the
hole. An electrical connection is thereby provided from the pin to
the structure forming the hole..Iaddend.
* * * * *