U.S. patent number RE28,585 [Application Number 05/546,350] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-28 for apparatus for nutating and staining a microscope slide.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Corning Glass Works. Invention is credited to Lynn G. Amos, William R. Eppes.
United States Patent |
RE28,585 |
Amos , et al. |
October 28, 1975 |
Apparatus for nutating and staining a microscope slide
Abstract
An apparatus for staining a microscope slide is provided wherein
the slide is supported by a member that is translated vertically
simultaneously while it is being rotated so as to impart a nutating
motion to the microscope slide. Staining reagents and rinses are
dispensed to the top surface of the microscope slide whereby the
nutating motion effects uniform wetting of the top microscope slide
surface by each such reagent and rinse. Thereafter, the excess
moisture on the microscope slide surfaces is drained prior to
further processing.
Inventors: |
Amos; Lynn G. (Raleigh, NC),
Eppes; William R. (Cary, NC) |
Assignee: |
Corning Glass Works (Corning,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
27020640 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/546,350 |
Filed: |
February 3, 1975 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
Reissue of: |
409432 |
Oct 25, 1973 |
03853092 |
Dec 10, 1974 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
118/56; 74/640;
134/160; 475/163 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01N
1/312 (20130101); Y10T 74/19 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
G01N
1/30 (20060101); G01N 1/31 (20060101); B05C
013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;118/52,53,56,57,500,503,501 ;74/640,800 ;117/120 ;134/160 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kaplan; Morris
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Zebrowski; Walter S. Patty, Jr.;
Clarence R.
Claims
We claim:
1. An apparatus for staining a microscope slide comprising
microscope slide support means,
.[.means for disposing.]. said microscope slide .Iadd.being
disposed .Iaddend.on said support means in a plane tilted from
horizontal,
means for rotating said support and microscope slide approximately
horizontally,
means for translating said support means vertically while it is
being rotated so as to impart a nutating motion to said microscope
slide,
means for dispensing at least one staining reagent to the top
surface of said microscope slide, said nutating motion effecting
uniform wetting of said top surface of said microscope slide by
each said reagent, and
means for removing said microscope slide from said apparatus.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising means for dispensing
said microscope slide to said support means.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for removing said
microscope slide comprise a pair of arms for dislodging said
microscope slide from said support means.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising means for rinsing
said reagents.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising means for causing
excessive amounts of rinsing solution to drain from said slide.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for rotating said
support means comprises
a substantially cylindrical member having a plurality of "V" shaped
notches formed in one end thereof, and
a plurality of drive pins engageably associated with said "V"
shaped notches, the number of said drive pins being different than
the number of said notches.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the number of drive pins is at
least one more than the number of said "V" shaped notches.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the number of said drive pins
is at least one less than the number of said "V" shaped
notches.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for dispensing at
least one staining reagent comprises a supply of each of three
reagents and one spray nozzle connected to each such supply
disposed above and along the rotational path of said microscope
slide.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising means for tipping
said microscope slide from said plane tilted from horizontal to a
sloped drain position.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said means for tipping is
responsive to said nutating motion of said microscope slide.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said means for removing said
microscope slide comprises a pair of arms for dislodging said
microscope slide from said support means.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said arms are disposed in the
path of rotation of said microscope slide so as to contact said
microscope slide in said sloped drain position.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said translating means
comprise
a drive shaft,
a pair of spherical bearings mounted on said drive shaft, and
a ring member mounted on said spherical bearings so as to permit
rotation of said drive shaft therein, one of said spherical
bearings having its shaft accepting aperture eccentrically
positioned, said ring member being tilted with respect to the
longitudinal axis of said drive shaft, said support means being
affixed to said ring member.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said translating means
comprises
a drive shaft having a cylindrical offset portion at one end, the
longitudinal axis of said offset portion being parallel to but
displaced from the longitudinal axis of said drive shaft,
a first spherical bearing disposed on said drive shaft,
a second spherical bearing disposed on said cylindrical offset
portion, and
a ring member mounted on said spherical bearings so as to permit
rotation of said drive shaft therein, said ring member being tilted
with respect to said longitudinal axes, said support means being
affixed to said ring member.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said translating means
comprises
a bent drive shaft,
a pair of bearings mounted on the bent portion of said drive shaft,
and
a ring member mounted around said bearings on the bent portion of
said drive shaft so as to permit rotation of said drive shaft
therein, said ring member being tilted with respect to the
longitudinal axis of said apparatus, said support means being
affixed to said ring member.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said translating means
comprises
a drive shaft,
a spherical bearing mounted on said drive shaft,
a sleeve mounted on said spherical bearing so as to permit rotation
of said shaft therein,
a ring member concentrically and fixedly mounted to one end of said
sleeve,
a rotatable disc having one flat surface perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of said drive shaft and a second flat surface
nonparallel to said first surface,
three rollers mounted on said second flat surface of said rotatable
disc positioned so as to contact the outside peripheral surface of
said sleeve, the longitudinal axis of said sleeve being
substantially perpendicular to said second flat surface, and
means for rotating said disc whereby a nutating motion is imparted
to said ring member.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising
means for dispensing said microscope slide to said supporting
means,
means for rinsing said reagents,
means for tipping said microscope slide from said plane tilted from
horizontal to a sloped drain position, said means for tipping being
responsive to said nutating motion of said microscope slide,
and
means for accommodating said microscope slide in said sloped drain
position.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said rotational means
comprise
a plurality of "V" shaped notches, and
a plurality of drive pins engageably associated with said "V"
shaped notches, the number of said pins being different than the
number of said "V" shaped notches.
20. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the means for dispensing
.Iadd.at least one staining reagent .Iaddend.comprise a supply of
each of three reagents and one spray nozzle connected to each such
supply disposed above and along the rotational path of said
microscope slide.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said means for removing said
slide comprise a pair of arms for dislodging said microscope slide
from said support means.
22. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said translating means
comprise
a drive shaft,
a pair of spherical bearings mounted on said drive shaft, and
a ring member mounted on said spherical bearings so as to permit
rotation of said drive shaft therein, one of said spherical
bearings having its shaft accepting aperture eccentrically
positioned, said ring member being tilted with respect to the
longitudinal axis of said drive shaft, said support means being
affixed to said ring member.
23. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said translating means
comprise
a drive shaft having a cylindrical offset portion at one end, the
longitudinal axis of said offset portion being parallel to but
displaced from the longitudinal axis of said drive shaft,
a first spherical bearing disposed on said drive shaft,
a second spherical bearing disposed on said cylindrical offset
portion, and
a ring member mounted on said spherical bearing so as to permit
rotation of said drive shaft therein, said ring member being tilted
with respect to said longitudinal axes, said support means being
affixed to said ring member.
24. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said translating means
comprise
a bent drive shaft,
a pair of bearings mounted on the bent portion of said drive shaft,
and
a ring member mounted on said bearings on the bent portion of said
drive shaft so as to permit rotation of said drive shaft therein,
said ring member being tilted with respect to the longitudinal axis
of said apparatus, said support means being affixed to said ring
member.
25. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said translating means
comprise
a drive shaft,
a spherical bearing mounted on said drive shaft,
a sleeve mounted on said spherical bearing so as to permit rotation
of said shaft therein,
a ring member concentrically and fixedly mounted to one end of said
sleeve,
a rotatable disc having one flat surface perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of said drive shaft and a second flat surface
nonparallel to said first surface,
three rollers mounted on said second flat surface of said rotatable
disc positioned so as to contact the outside peripheral surface of
said sleeve, the longitudinal axis of said sleeve being
substantially perpendicular to said second flat surface, and
means for rotating said disc whereby a nutating motion is imparted
to said ring member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an apparatus for staining a microscope
slide and more particularly to an apparatus which permits uniform
wetting of the top microscope slide surface by the various staining
reagents used as well as by a rinse fluid.
Heretofore, when a blood sample microscope slide was prepared, for
example, it would be subjected to fix, stain, and buffer reagents
for staining the film of blood cells and thereafter it would be
rinsed and dried. Hand staining was one method by which a
laboratory slide has heretofore been prepared. The reagents would
be applied to the blood sample on the microscope slide and then
caused to wet the entire sample surface. By such a method it was
particularly difficult to obtain uniform staining since the stain
would be affected by many variables such as the individual
performing the staining, the amount of reagents applied, uniformity
of reagent application, time that the sample was subjected to the
reagents, and the like. In addition, hand staining was very time
consuming.
Another method of staining blood sample microscope slides is the
batch process. By this method, a number of microscope slides are
disposed in a basket and successively dipped in vats of fix, stain,
and buffer and thereafter they are rinsed and dried. This method is
also time consuming and the resulting slides similarly lack uniform
staining. The non-uniformity results for substantially the same
reasons as set out above for hand staining. Furthermore, by
successively dipping the microscope slides in the various reagents,
the reagents become contaminated with the reagents in which the
slides have been previously dipped.
One mechanized means for staining microscope slides is by means of
the stainer described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,431,886 to J. B. McCormick
et al. This stainer has the disadvantage that the apparatus needs
cleaning often due to precipitates from staining which affect
subsequent slides. In order to minimize such precipitates, this
apparatus has the additional disadvantage of not being able to
produce a deep or intense stain usually desired for blood
samples.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the object of this invention to provide a simple, economical,
and reliable apparatus for staining a microscope slide uniformly
and efficiently, and one which overcomes the heretofore noted
disadvantages.
Broadly, according to this invention, an apparatus for staining a
microscope slide embodies a microscope slide support means on which
a microscope slide is disposed in a plane slightly tilted from
horizontal. The microscope slide support means is translated
vertically simultaneously while it is rotated in an approximately
horizontal plane so as to impart a nutating motion to the
microscope slide. At least one staining reagent is dispensed to the
top surface of the microscope slide whereby the nutating motion
effects uniform wetting of the top microscope slide surface by each
of said reagents and subsequent rinses. The excess rinse liquids
may thereafter be drained and the microscope slide removed from the
apparatus for subsequent utilization.
Additional objects, features, and advantages of the present
invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the
following detailed description and attached drawings on which, by
way of example, only the preferred embodiments of the present
invention are illustrated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional elevation of one embodiment of the
apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary elevation, partly in section, of the
apparatus of the present invention taken along lines 3--3 in FIG.
1.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of the nutating motion of a
blood slide in accordance with the present apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary elevation, partly in section, of the
apparatus of the present invention taken along lines 5--5 of FIG.
2.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary elevation, partly in section, of the
apparatus of the present invention taken along lines 6--6 of FIG.
2.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary elevation, partly in section, of the
apparatus of the present invention taken along lines 7--7 of FIG.
2.
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary elevation, partly in section, of the means
of removing a microscope slide from the apparatus of the present
invention.
FIG. 9 is another fragmentary elevation, partly in section, of the
means of removing a microscope slide from the apparatus of the
present invention.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the
apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is another cross-sectional (same as FIG. 10).
FIG. 12 is still another cross-sectional (same as FIG. 10).
FIG. 13 is a fragmentary plan view, partly in section, of the
apparatus of the present invention taken along lines 13--13 of FIG.
12.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It is to be noted that the figures of the drawings are illustrative
and symbolic of the invention, and there is no intention to
indicate scale or relative proportions of the elements shown
therein. For purposes of simplicity, the present invention will be
described in connection with an apparatus for forming blood slides
for medical examination, however, the present invention is in no
way limited to such an apparatus, rather is applicable to any
apparatus by means of which one or more liquids are dispensed onto
an article and thereafter caused to wet the surface of the
article.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown housing 10 within which
is mounted a main shaft 12 by means of bearings 14. A substantially
cylindrical wall 16 is disposed within housing 10 substantially
dividing housing 10 into peripheral compartment 18 within which
blood slides are treated and central compartment 20 which houses at
least a portion of the apparatus driving mechanism. Onto the upper
portion of main shaft 12 is attached nutating ring 22 by means of
spherical bearings 24 and 26. Spherical bearing 24 is
concentrically fitted around shaft 12 within hole 28 in nutating
ring 22. Hole 28 is concentrically formed within nutating ring 22
and bearing collar 30 thereof. Spherical bearing 26 is disposed
within hole 28 in bearing collar 30 so that its central hole is
eccentrically positioned within collar 30 as illustrated in FIG. 1.
Such eccentricity of spherical bearing 26 may be accomplished by
either eccentrically forming the central hole of bearing 26 or by
fitting a sleeve within spherical bearing 26, which sleeve has an
eccentrically formed hole therein for accepting shaft 12. If
desired, hole 28 in nutating ring 22 could be formed in two
portions, the portion within which spherical bearing 24 is to be
fitted being concentrically formed while the portion within which
spherical bearing 26 is to be fitted being eccentrically formed. In
such latter embodiment, both spherical bearings could be normal
spherical bearings wherein their central holes are concentrically
formed.
As will be understood, the amount of eccentricity involved in
disposing bearing 26 about shaft 12 and the distance between
bearings 24 and 26 will determine the amount of tilt of nutating
ring 22. The amount of tilt of nutating ring 22 being the angle
that nutating ring 22 forms with respect to horizontal. As will
hereinafter be explained in greater detail, other means for tilting
nutating ring 22 are available.
As will also be hereinafter explained, the preferred angle of tilt
of nutating ring 22 with horizontal may range between 1.5.degree.
to 4.degree. for an apparatus for staining a microscope blood
slide, however, tilt angles outside of this range may be useful in
certain other applications.
To the outer peripheral edge of nutating ring 22 a plurality of
flight assemblies 32 are attached. Each flight assembly comprises
arm 34 and at least a pair of support members 36. Each arm 34 is
fixedly attached to nutating ring 22 along a radial axis thereof
while support members 36 are fixedly attached to each arm 34.
Referring additionally to FIG. 3 which is section taken along 3--3
of FIG. 1, a plurality of drive pins 38 are affixed to nutating
ring 22, each pin being disposed along a radial axis thereof. In
the upper portion of cylindrical wall 16 a plurality of "V" shaped
notches 40 are formed. Ordinarily, there is one more drive pin 38
affixed to nutating ring 22 than there are "V" shaped notches 40
for reasons hereinafter described in detail.
The operation of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is as
follows. A drive motor 42 causes shaft 12 to rotate by means of
gear 44 attached to the drive motor shaft engaging gear 46 attached
to main shaft 12. A typical motor speed may be 1 RPM and the gear
ratio between gears 44 and 46 may be 6:1 whereby the rotation of
main shaft 12 would be 6 RPM. As an example, 73 equally spaced
radial drive pins may be affixed to nutating ring 22 and 72 "V"
shaped grooves or notches 40 may be formed in the upper edge of
cylindrical wall 16. As a result of the eccentricity of spherical
bearing 26, nutating ring 22 may be tilted about nutation center 41
at an angle of 21/2.degree., for example. Under such conditions,
for each rotation of drive motor 42, main shaft 12 is caused to
rotate 6 revolutions. Since nutating ring 22 is disposed on main
shaft 12 such that drive pins 38 engage "V" shaped notches 40,
nutating ring 22 is caused to rotate one seventy-second of a
revolution for each rotation of main shaft 12. This comes about as
a result of the number of drive pins 38 and "V" shaped notches 40
employed. Since there is one more drive pin than there are "V"
shaped notches, nutating ring 22 will advance one notch for each
rotation of main shaft 12, that is, one seventy-second of a
revolution. Since main shaft 12 is rotated at 6 revolutions per
minute in this example, nutating ring 22 will be caused to rotate
at one-twelfth of a revolution per minute.
The location and height of the "V" shaped notches are controlled so
that the drive pins will not bind within the notches when driven to
the maximum downward translation due to the tilt of the nutating
ring and that they will have adequate clearance between the bottom
of the drive pins and the top of the teeth separating the "V"
shaped notches when they are driven to the maximum upward
translation. The angle of the "V" shaped notches is selected to be
compatible with the drive pin diameter, pin translation, and
desired rotational advance. A typical included angle of the "V"
shaped notches may be 60.degree., for example.
Referring additionally to FIG. 4 the motion of a typical microscope
slide 48 caused by the apparatus of the present invention is
illustrated. As nutating ring 22 is rotated by means of drive motor
42 causing drive pins 38 to engage "V" shaped notches 40, flight
assemblies 32 are caused to be translated vertically as a result of
the tilt angle of nutating ring 22. Accordingly, as nutating ring
22 is rotated substantially about a horizontal plane it is
simultaneously being vertically translated up and down due to tilt
angle 50. Microscope slide 48 being disposed upon support members
36 carried by arm 34, as diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 4, is
caused to follow a path substantially as illustrated by arrow 54.
This motion of slide 48 is herein defined as the nutating motion of
the present apparatus. This motion consists of translating the
slide once up and down while it rotates 1/n revolutions per minute,
n being the number of notches 40 in cylindrical wall 16. As is seen
from arrow 54 in FIG. 4, this nutating motion resembles a sine
wave.
The treatment of one typical microscope slide by the apparatus of
the present invention is described as follows with reference to the
embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. A microscope slide
dispensing means 56 is disposed adjacent housing 10 so as to
dispense a microscope slide at a predetermined desired time. Slide
dispensing means 56 may be any suitable means such as a carrousel
dispenser, chute, and the like. As a flight assembly 32 having
support members 36 is rotated into position to accept a microscope
slide, a signal to the slide dispensing means 56 may be triggered.
Such a signal may be an electrical signal or a mechanical signal,
such for example as a trigger mounted at the periphery of housing
10. Such signal means are not a critical element of the present
invention since microscope slides may be placed upon the support
members 36 manually, if desired. In FIG. 2 there is illustrated a
carrousel means whereby carrousel arm 58 removes a slide from the
carrousel and places it in a substantially horizontal position atop
the upper surface 60 of one support member 36. Slide 48 is placed
on support members 36 with the microscope sample on the upper
surface thereof. As the nutating ring is caused to nutate as
hereinabove described, slide 48 is caused to rotate and come under
the first nozzle 62 of reagent or reactant dispenser 64. As is
shown in FIG. 2, reactant dispenser 64 is illustrated as a three
compartment dispenser with each compartment containing one of three
reactants which are dispensed by means of the three nozzles 62, 66
and 68. For the treatment of a microscope blood slide, such
reactants may be a fixative, dye, and buffer. Such blood reagents
or reactants and their purposes are well known in the art.
Referring also to FIG. 5, there is shown a cross-sectional view
taken at section 5--5 of FIG. 2 showing one of the reactants being
dispensed from nozzle 62 to the upper specimen containing surface
of microscope slide 48.
After all of the desired reactants are dispensed to the top surface
of microscope slide 48, these reactants are permitted to act upon
the specimen on the microscope slide for a substantial portion of
the rotation of the nutating ring as seen from FIG. 2. That is,
these reactants act upon the slide specimen from the time they are
dispensed to the surface of the microscope slide until the slide is
rotated to the rinsing position. As is seen from FIG. 2, the
reactants are rinsed from the microscope slide by means of rinse
nozzle 70 which is connected to a suitable supply of rinsing
solution, such for example as water, dispensed from rinsing
solution dispenser 72.
As will be understood, nozzles 62, 66, 68 and 70 are illustrated in
the drawings as general purpose nozzles, however, any nozzles
suitable for this purpose may be used such, for example, as
hypodermic-type needle dispensers.
Referring additionally to FIGS. 6 and 7, it is seen that after
slide 48 is rinsed it is rotated further so as to come in contact
with tipping arms 74. Tipping arms 74 are affixed to tipping arm
holder 76 which in turn is pivotally mounted by means of bracket 78
and pin 80. Tipping arm holder 76 is caused to ride along the edge
of nutating ring 22 by means of roller 82. Since flight assembly 32
together with microscope slide 48 are translated in a nutating
motion as heretofore explained, it is necessary for tipping arms 74
to be vertically translated in an amount and direction
corresponding to the vertical translation of flight assembly 32,
microscope slide 48, and nutating ring 22. By pivotally mounting
tipping arm holder 76 and letting it be responsive to the vertical
motion of nutating ring 22 by means of roller 82, the ends of
tipping arms 74 are always in position to engage each microscope
slide 48 as it is rotated to the position of tipping arms 74. As
flight assembly 32 and nutating ring 22 are rotated as heretofore
described, microscope slide 48 is caused to slide along upper
surface 60 of support member 36 until it reaches a position as
illustrated by dotted lines 84. Dotted lines 84 illustrate
microscope slide 48 as support member 36 has been rotated from
under it to a position where the slide is being tipped over the
edge of member 36. As will be understood, as flight assembly 32 and
nutating ring 22 continue to be rotated slide 48 will be pushed
over the edge of member 36 until it comes to rest as illustrated by
the dot-dash lines 86. Once the microscope slide drops to this
position, it passes under tipping arms 74 as flight assembly 32 and
slide 48 continue to be rotated.
After slide 48 is tipped as described above, the rinsing solution
and any remaining reactants are permitted to be drained off.
The microscope slide remains in such a tipped and draining position
as it is rotated until it reaches the next station of the apparatus
when it engages removal arms 88 as additionally shown in FIGS. 8
and 9. Removal arms 88 are mounted adjacent opening 90 in housing
10, which opening is defined by opening defining wall 92. As slide
48 in the draining position is rotated to contact removal arms 88,
it is caused to be pushed off support member 36 as illustrated by
dotted lines 94. Once the slide is pushed over protruding edge 96
of support arm 36 the microscope slide drops through opening 90 as
illustrated by dotted lines 98 for further processing or
utilization. For example, once slide 48 is removed from the present
apparatus it may enter a drying apparatus wherein the slide is
dried before examination of the specimen thereon.
Although the means for draining a microscope slide and removing it
from the present apparatus have been hereinabove described in
detail, such means are not limiting upon the present invention
since any means for draining the slide and removing it from the
apparatus may be suitable for the present purposes.
Another embodiment for obtaining nutating motion for the apparatus
of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 10. In this
embodiment housing 100 is provided within which main shaft 102 is
mounted by means of bearings 104. A substantially cylindrical wall
106 is disposed within housing 100 substantially dividing housing
100 into peripheral compartment 108 within which blood slides are
treated and central compartment 110 which houses at least a portion
of the apparatus driving mechanism. Shaft 102 is formed in two
sections, that is the upper portion thereof is machined so as to
provide a stepped portion 112 having its longitudinal axis offset
from the main longitudinal axis of shaft 102. Nutating ring 114 is
mounted onto shaft 102 by means of spherical bearing 116 mounted
about the main portion of shaft 102 and spherical bearing 118
mounted about the stepped portion 112 of shaft 102. Since spherical
bearing 118 is eccentrically positioned from spherical bearing 116,
nutating ring 114 is caused to be tilted with respect to the
vertical axis of the apparatus. As heretofore described, flight
assemblies 32 are mounted at the peripheral edge of nutating ring
114. A drive shaft 120 is also mounted within housing 100 by means
of bearings 122. Drive motor 124 is connected to drive shaft 120
and provides the power for driving main shaft 102 as well as
providing the power for the nutating motion of nutating ring
114.
Gear 126 is mounted on drive shaft 120 and engages gear 128 mounted
on main shaft 102. Gear 130 is also mounted on drive shaft 120 and
engages gear 132 mounted on main shaft 102 by means of bearing 134.
Gear 132 is connected to nutating ring 114 by means of a connector
arm 136 having a pair of universal joints 138 and 140 at each end
thereof.
As will be understood, the amount of eccentricity between the main
portion and step portion 112 of main shaft 102 and the distance
between bearings 116 and 118 will determine the amount of tilt of
nutating ring 114. As heretofore described, the amount of tilt of
nutating ring 114 being the angle of nutating ring 114 with respect
to horizontal. The degree of tilt of nutating ring 114 and the
details with respect to treating a microscope slide will be the
same in this embodiment as heretofore described. As is seen, in
this embodiment there is no need for "V" shaped notches or drive
pins.
The operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 10 is as follows.
Drive motor 124 causes drive shaft 120 to rotate. A typical motor
speed may be 1 RPM and the gear ratio between gears 126 and 128 may
be 6:1 whereby the rotation of main shaft 102 would be 6 RPM. The
gear ratio between gears 130 and 132 may be 1:24 whereby the
rotation of nutating ring 114 is 1/24 RPM while main shaft 102
rotates at 6 RPM. Accordingly, in this example nutating ring 114
will have 144 undulations or vertical translations for each
rotation thereof.
Another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is
illustrated in FIG. 11. Main shaft 142 is mounted within housing
144 by means of bearings 146. As is seen in this Figure, the tilt
of nutating ring 148 is obtained as a result of it being mounted on
the upper bent portion of main shaft 142 by means of bearings 150.
The amount of tilt of nutating ring 148 is the angle which the
upper bent portion of main shaft 142 forms with longitudinal axis
of the lower straight portion of main shaft 142. Main shaft 142 is
rotated by motor 152 through gears 154 and 156. A second motor 158
drives gears 160 and 162 by means of shaft 163. Nutating ring 148
is connected to gear 162 by means of connector arm 164 and
universal joints 166 and 168. Drive motor 158 drives gear 160
through shaft 170 which is mounted within housing 144 by means of
bearings 172.
As an example of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, drive motor
152 may have a motor speed of 1 RPM with gears 154 and 156 having a
1:6 ratio whereby main shaft 142 has a speed of 6 RPM. As will be
understood, drive motor 152 may have a speed of 6 RPM and be
connected directly to main shaft 142 thereby obtaining the same
result. Motor 158 may typically have a speed of 1 RPM and gears 160
and 162 may have a ratio of 1:12 whereby the rotation of gear 162
and consequently nutating ring 148 would be 1/12 RPM. The treatment
of microscope slides 48 disposed on flight assemblies 32 would be
as heretofore described.
A still further embodiment of the present invention is illustrated
in FIG. 12. In this embodiment housing 174 is provided with a
plurality of "V" shaped notches 176 while nutating ring 178 is
provided with a plurality of drive pins 180. Drive pins 180 engage
"V" shaped notches 176 in the manner heretofore described in
connection with the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Nutating ring 178 is attached to main shaft 182 by means of
spherical bearing 184 and nutating ring sleeve 186. Drive sleeve
188 is disposed around main shaft 182 by means of bearings 190.
Attached to drive sleeve 182 by eccentric disc 192. Drive sleeve
188 and eccentric disc 192 is caused to rotate by means of drive
motor 194 through drive shaft 196 and gears 198 and 200. Drive
shaft 196 is positioned within housing 174 by means of bearings
202. Spherical bearing 184 and in turn nutating ring 178 is
supported by thrust bearing 204 while gear 200 and in turn drive
sleeve 188 is supported by means of thrust bearing 206.
Referring additionally to FIG. 13, there is seen that nutating ring
sleeve 186 is caused to be tilted about main shaft 182 by means of
bearings 208, 210, and 212 mounted on eccentric bearing shafts 214,
216, and 218 respectively. By properly positioning bearings 208,
210, and 212 on eccentric disc 192 and causing nutating ring sleeve
186 to be fitted inside of these bearings so that the bearings ride
on the outside peripheral surface of nutating ring sleeve 186,
nutating ring sleeve 186 and in turn nutating ring 178 is caused to
be tilted to the desired angle. By providing bearings 208, 210, and
212 with eccentric bearing shafts 214, 216, and 218 the amount of
tilt can be adjusted and the bearings can be adjusted to smoothly
fit about the peripheral surface of nutating ring sleeve 186.
The operation of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 is as
follows. Drive motor 194 causes drive sleeve 188 and in turn
eccentric disc 192 to rotate through gears 198 and 200. A typical
motor speed may be 1 RPM and the gear ratio between gears 198 and
200 may be 6:1 whereby the rotation of drive sleeve 188 and
eccentric disc 192 would be 6 RPM. As an example, 73 equally spaced
radial drive pins 180 may be affixed to nutating ring 178 and 72
"V" shaped grooves or notches 176 may be formed in the upper edge
of wall 220 of housing 174. As a result of the eccentric spacing of
bearings 208, 210, and 212, nutating ring 178 may be tilted at an
angle of 21/2.degree., for example. Under such conditions, for each
rotation of drive motor 194, drive sleeve 188 and eccentric disc
192 are caused to rotate at 6 RPM. Since nutating ring 178 is
disposed on main shaft 182 such that drive pins 180 engage "V"
shaped notches 176, nutating ring 178 is caused to rotate one
seventy-second of a revolution for each rotation of eccentric disc
192. This comes about as a result of the number of drive pins 180
and "V" shaped notches 176 employed. Since there is one more drive
pin than there are "V" shaped notches, nutating ring 178 will
advance one notch for each rotation of eccentric disc 192, that is,
one seventy-second of a revolution. Since eccentric disc 192 is
rotated at 6 RPM's in this example, nutating ring 178 will be
caused to rotate at one-twelfth revolutions per minute.
The preceding examples illustrate various specific details as to
gears, motors, bearings, speeds, and the like. Such details are not
critical and may be adjusted as desired. Furthermore, the various
arrangements of the components may be combined in various
combinations as would be obvious to one skilled in the art from the
preceding descriptions, wherefore, the specific arrangements are
similarly not critical.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to
specific details of certain embodiments thereof, it is not intended
that such details be limitations upon the scope of the invention
except insofar as set forth in the following claims.
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