U.S. patent number PP31,109 [Application Number 16/350,680] was granted by the patent office on 2019-11-26 for peach tree named `liberty joy`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of Agriculture. The grantee listed for this patent is The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of Agriculture. Invention is credited to Chunxian Chen, William R. Okie.
United States Patent |
PP31,109 |
Chen , et al. |
November 26, 2019 |
Peach tree named `Liberty Joy`
Abstract
A new and distinct variety of peach tree, denominated `Liberty
Joy`, has firm, freestone, melting, yellow flesh fruit with normal
acidity, and good eating quality. The fruit typically ripen
approximately with `Redglobe` and about one week after `Sunland` in
early July in Byron, Ga., have a high percentage of red blush with
an attractive yellow ground color on skin surface, and usually are
almost round with a slightly oblong apex in some years. The tree is
moderately vigorous and semi-spreading in growth habit, has
self-fertile showy pink flowers, and regularly bears heavy annual
crops. This variety has a winter chilling requirement estimated at
approximately 650 chill hours and is suited for medium to high
chill areas.
Inventors: |
Chen; Chunxian (Byron, GA),
Okie; William R. (Warner Robins, GA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of
Agriculture |
Washington |
DC |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
The United States of America, as
Represented by the Secretary of Agriculture (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
68617456 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/350,680 |
Filed: |
December 19, 2018 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/198 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
6/7463 (20180501); A01H 5/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/08 (20180101); A01H 6/74 (20180101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/198 |
Primary Examiner: Para; Annette H
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fado; John D. Atkinson; Ariel
L.
Claims
We claim:
1. A new and distinct variety of peach tree as illustrated and
described, characterized by a medium high chilling requirement and
bearing fruit having, yellow-fleshed fruit with normal acidity and
melting, freestone with excellent eating quality a high percentage
of red blush with an attractive yellow ground color, with fruit
ripening in early July in Byron, Ga.
Description
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: `Liberty
Joy` is a peach tree that is a Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.
Variety denomination: The new peach tree is of the variety
denominated `Liberty Joy`.
BACKGROUND OF THE NEW PLANT
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of
fresh-market peach designated `Liberty Joy` and botanically known
as Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. This new peach tree is adapted to a
Southeastern subtropical climate with medium high chill in winters.
`Liberty Joy` variety resulted from a hand-pollinated cross between
BY99P1405 (unpatented, an advanced selection) yellow peach, which
was used as the seed parent, and BY02P3862 (unpatented, an advanced
selection) yellow peach, which was used as the pollen parent.
`Liberty Joy` variety was obtained by hybridizing and propagated by
grafting on `Guardian`.RTM. rootstock trees. It has desired
chilling requirement (.about.650 hours, lower than comparable
main-season cultivars) and cropped relatively well even in years
with inadequate chill and spring freezes, making it less vulnerable
to the adverse weather conditions in Byron, Ga. and worthy for
trial for commercial fresh fruit production. Clonal plants were
asexually propagated from the original `Liberty Joy` tree by
grafting in Byron, Ga. These asexually propagated plants, along
with all characteristics of the tree and the fruit, remained
true-to-type to the original `Liberty Joy` tree. There are no known
effects of the standard rootstock on the scion cultivar
characteristics.
`Liberty Joy`, produces firm, freestone, melting, yellow-flesh
fruit with normal acidity, good eating quality, and attractive
blush, ripening in late June to early July in Byron, Ga. `Liberty
Joy` is a promising candidate for commercial success in that it
appears less vulnerable to inadequate chill and spring freezes in
Byron, Ga., based on data in years with the conditions.
Byron, Ga. is under a subtropical climate. Winters are short, mild
and with little snow; summers are long, hot and humid. The average
January low temperature is about 1.20.degree. Celsius and the
average July high temperature is about 33.20.degree. Celsius. The
hours with temperatures below 7.degree. Celsius vary often between
600 and 1200 hours per year. There are about 67 rainy days per
year. Average annual precipitation (rainfall) is 1182.88 millimeter
(46.57 inch) with great monthly and yearly variabilities and
frequent thunderstorms in summers.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The new and distinct variety `Liberty Joy` peach tree blooms late
February to early March, approximately with or slightly before
`Goldprince` and `June Gold` (both unpatented) peach trees in
Byron, Ga. The estimated chilling requirement, based on bloom time,
is approximately 650 chill hours. The blooming period and the
blooming date are dependent on climatic conditions. The flower
anthers are yellow, and leaf glands are reniform, common
characteristics of many standard peach varieties.
The first fruit of `Liberty Joy` ripen generally in late June to
early July in Byron, Ga., approximately in the season of `Redglobe`
(unpatented) and one week after `Sunland` (unpatented). `Liberty
Joy` trees are vigorous and productive, size well, and crop
reliably. `Liberty Joy` fruit tend to have melting texture, good
eating quality, and more blush coverage (approximately 90% red
skin) than `Redglobe` and `Sunland` (both unpatented). There is
some red pigmentation in the yellow flesh at the pit if allowed to
mature on the tree. The potential for commercial production of
fresh `Liberty Joy` fruit is high, due to its lower chilling
requirement compared to other commercial cultivars ripening the
same harvest windows and thus less vulnerability to inadequate
chill in Byron, Ga.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS
The accompanying drawings are color photographs that are as nearly
true as it is reasonably possible to make in a color illustration
of this type:
FIG. 1 is a color photograph that shows a close view of typical
fruits of the new variety `Liberty Joy` at ripening time at Byron,
Ga.
FIG. 2 is a color photograph that shows an attractive shape,
exterior coloration, flesh, and pit of five specimens of `Liberty
Joy` fruit in a back side view (top left), a suture side view
(bottom left), a blossom end view (top middle), a stem end view
(bottom middle), and a fruit longitudinally cut into halves with
and without the pit (top right and bottom right). Fruit are picked
from an orchard at Byron, Ga.
FIG. 3 is a color photograph that shows the typical semi-spreading
architecture of an 8-year-old tree of the new variety `Liberty Joy`
at Byron, Ga.
FIG. 4 is a color photograph that shows typical showy flowers of
the new variety at Byron, Ga.
Due to photographical light, chemical development, processing and
printing, the leaves and fruit depicted in these photographs may or
may not be accurate when compared to the actual botanical
specimen.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
The tree, flowers, and fruit may vary in slight detail due to
variations in soil types, cultural practices, climatic conditions,
growing seasons, and development stages. Referring more
specifically to the detailed botanical description of this new and
distinct variety of yellow peach tree, the following was observed
on 4-year-old trees of the variety grafted on `Guardian`.RTM.
rootstock under the ecological conditions prevailing at the
orchards located at the town of Byron, Ga., USA. All major color
code designations are by reference to the Royal Horticultural
Society (R.H.S.) Colour Chart (Fourth Edition). Tree:
Size.--Generally considered large when trained to an open vase
form. The average height and width of 4-year-old tree are 3.13
meters and 4.20 meters, respectively, including current season
shoots. Spread.--Grown to a vase shape with summer and winter
pruning to keep the tree open to get strong fruiting wood in the
lower center. Vigor.--Considered moderately vigorous. Approximately
1.0 to 1.5 meters in height and width of growth occurs in the
orchards at Byron, Ga. Trees respond typically to irrigation and
fertilization. Productivity.--Very productive and regular, every
year. Fruit set is spaced by thinning to develop the remaining
fruit into desired market size. The fruit number varies with the
prevailing climatic conditions and cultural practices.
Bearer.--Very regular without alternate bearing observed. The fruit
is distributed homogenously on both short and long shoots and must
be thinned to avoid limb breakage and obtain large fruit size.
Form.--Semi-spreading, but easily pruned to vase shape.
Density.--Considered dense. Pruning is required to open the tree
center to promote sunlight entrance for enhancing fruit color and
sugar. Hardiness.--Hardy with respect to typical Georgia winters.
Chilling requirement.--Estimated endodormancy chilling requirement
is approximately 650 chill hours based on time of bloom and leafing
in relation to standard varieties. Trunk: Size.--Approximately 9.8
cm in diameter and at a height of approximately 312.5 cm on the
4-year-old trees at Byron, Ga. Bark texture.--Generally smooth, but
changes to light shaggy as tree ages. Bark color.--RHS Grey Group
201D, slightly darker than the outside of lenticel color. Bark
crack's color is RHS Greyed-Orange Group 177A.
Lenticels.--Moderately low number, approximately 1 to 3 per square
cm of surface area of trunk; and the average lenticel length and
width of lenticels are approximately 10.1 millimeters and 2.1
millimeters, respectively. Lenticel color.--The outside of
lenticels is RHS Greyed-Orange Group 198D, whereas the inside is
RHS Greyed-Orange Group 177A. Branches: Size.--Average as compared
to other peach varieties. Strong growth of scaffold branches. The
current season mature fruiting branches have a diameter from 15.0
to 25.0 millimeters, and the average diameter is 28.0 millimeters.
Tree growth and structure permits easier and faster winter pruning.
Surface texture.--Relatively smooth, numerous lenticels but smaller
size than found on trunk and old scaffolds. Roughness increases
with age. Crotch angles.--Moderate to wide angles within the normal
range of standard varieties for a semi-spreading tree after proper
summer and winter pruning. Internode length.--Approximately 1.8 to
3.1 centimeters with the average of 2.36 centimeters. Color of
current season shoots.--RHS Greyed-Orange Group 172B at the upper
part (sunny side) of the shoots and RHS Yellow-Green Group 146D at
the lower part (shady side) of the shoots. Color of mature
branches.--RHS Greyed-Orange Group 165A at the upper part (sunny
side) of the shoots and RHS Greyed-Brown Group 199A at the lower
part (shady side) of the shoots. Leaves: Size.--Considered medium
to large for the species. Length.--Approximately 14.2 to 17.3
centimeters with the average of 16.09 centimeters, not including
the petiole. Width.--Approximately 3.3 to 3.8 centimeters with the
average of 3.49 centimeters. Thickness.--Regular and average for
commercial varieties, approximately 0.13 to 0.17 millimeters with
the average of 0.15 millimeter, not noticeably unusual.
Form.--Lanceolate. Apex.--Acute. Margin.--Serrulate. Base.--Acute.
Surface.--Upper, glabrous; Lower, medium large veins that are
pinnately netted. Color.--Regular green, slightly different in
seasons. In early shoot growth, both upper and lower leaf surfaces
are RHS Yellow-Green 151A. In late season, upper leaf surface is
RHS Green Group 137B and lower surface is RHS Yellow-Green Group
146B. Leaf vein is RHS Yellow-Green Group 145C. Glands.--Reniform.
Usually 0-2 on lower leaf blade and 0-2 on petioles. Color is RHS
Yellow-Green Group 146B. Petiole.--Approximately 7.0 to 10.1
millimeters length with the average of 8.43 millimeters,
approximately 1.1 to 2.0 millimeters diameter with the average of
1.61 millimeters. Color is RHS Yellow-Green Group 146C.
Stipules.--Medium, equal to most commercial peach varieties,
visible on early young leaves, usually about 2 per leaf, and
abscising just before leaves become full size in summer growth.
Color at full size is RHS Yellow-Green Group 151A before abscising.
Leaf blade incisions.--Serrulate. Arrangement.--Alternate. Flowers:
Flower buds.--The form of flowers buds changes as blooming
approaches, with variable dimensions. They are conic at pre-floral
stage and approximately 5.7 to 6.8 millimeters long with the
average of 6.26 millimeters and 4.2 to 4.8 millimeters wide with
the average of 4.49 millimeters. The bud color in mid-winter is RHS
Greyed-Green Group 198A. The abundance is very high due to shorter
than average internode length. Most buds set fruit in absence of
spring frosts and show little evidence of bud drop.
Hardiness.--Hardy with respect to Georgia winters. Date of
bloom.--Late February to early March depending on winter chill
hours and amount of warm weather. Blooming time.--Considered early
in bloom relative to other commercial peaches in central Georgia.
Typically blooms with `June Gold` and `Goldprince`. Duration of
bloom.--Approximately 6 to 14 days. This characteristic varies
significantly with chill hours accumulated in winter as well as
temperatures during bloom. Bloom quantity.--Generally abundant,
with a good distribution. Flower bud frequency.--Generally two
flower buds per node, but occasionally one.
Fragrance.--Undetectable. Type.--Showy. Size.--Approximately 27.3
to 44.4 millimeters in diameter at full bloom, with the average of
34.37 millimeters. Petal.--Size: Generally considered large.
Length: approximately 16.9 to 19.0 millimeters with the average of
17.99 millimeters. Width: approximately 11.8 to 15.3 millimeters
with the average of 13.68 millimeters. Form: generally
round-shaped. Count: almost always five. Arrangement: usually
overlapping, sometimes touching. Texture: smooth, soft and
glabrous. Color: RHS Red-Purple Group 62D in the upper surface and
RHS Red-Purple Group 69C in the lower surface. Margins: generally
slightly undulating. Apex: generally round and curved-shaped.
Pedicel.--Length: approximately 2.4 to 4.1 millimeters with the
average of 3.62 millimeters. Diameter: approximately 1.33 to 1.8
millimeters with the average of 1.51 millimeters. Calyx
cup.--Diameter: approximately 13.2 to 16.9 millimeters with the
average of 15.13 millimeters. Color: RHS Yellow-Green Group 146B at
the interior surface and Greyed Red Group 178A at the exterior
surface. Sepals.--Number: generally five sepals. Length:
approximately 6.2 to 6.8 millimeters with the average of 6.46
millimeters. Width: approximately 4.6 to 6.1 millimeters with the
average of 5.27 millimeters. Color: RHS Red-Purple 59B. Stamen
number.--Approximately 21 to 35 stamens per flower with the average
of 26.80. Anthers.--Color: RHS Yellow 4D at opening.
Pollens.--Generally abundant and approximately RHS Yellow 12C.
Filaments.--Length at opening: approximately 11.2 to 14.6
millimeters with the average of 13.27 millimeters. The length of
filaments is generally higher than that of pistils. Color: RHS
Yellow Group 11D. Pistil.--Number: Usually one. Length:
approximately 9.7 to 14.4 millimeters with the average of 12.60
millimeters and generally equal to stamen length, if not slightly
smaller. Color: RHS Yellow-Green Group 145C. Fruit: Maturity when
described.--Firm ripe for commercial picking. Date of
harvest.--Vary with the prevailing climatic conditions and blooming
time. Harvest in 2018 at Byron, Ga. was July 5 until July 10. Due
to its lower chilling requirement (650 hours) relative to most
late-ripening cultivars (850+ hours), the ripening season may be
more elastic in some years compared to typical late-ripening
cultivars in Byron, Ga. Size.--Generally uniform, large size.
Weight: approximately 159 to 251 grams with the average of 216.80
grams. Equatorial diameter: approximately 73.0 to 81.0 millimeters
with the average of 76.90 millimeters. Polar diameter (from stem to
distal end): approximately 71.0 to 81.0 millimeters with the
average of 76.20 millimeters. This characteristic highly depends on
fruit number per tree, soil type, climatic conditions, and cultural
practices, and therefore is not particularly distinctive of the
variety. Peduncle.--Length: approximately 4.0 to 5.6 millimeters
with the average of 5.00 millimeters. Width: approximately 2.9 to
3.6 millimeters with the average of 3.16 millimeters. Color: RHS
Green Group 139D. Longitudinal section form.--Round-ovate.
Transverse section through diameter.--Generally round to slightly
oblong. Suture.--Slightly ridged proximal to distal end of suture.
Ventral surface.--Generally round. Shape of fruit base.--Round to
oblate. Apex.--Round to ovate. Crater at stem attachment.--Flaring
oval to the suture. Depth: approximately 11.2 to 14.5 millimeters
with the average of 13.21 millimeters. Width at top (cheek to
cheek): approximately 16.0 to 27.0 millimeters with the average of
22.3 millimeters. Width at top (suture to back): approximately 21.0
to 37.0 millimeters with the average of 29.7 millimeters. Width at
bottom (pedicel attachment): approximately 4.2 to 5.4 millimeters
with the average of 4.97 millimeters. Skin.--Thickness: generally
medium in comparison to commercial peach varieties. Texture:
generally typical of commercial peach varieties. Tenacity:
Tenacious. Color: RHS Grey-Purple 187A, approximately 85% to 95% of
skin. Fruit exposed to sunlight likely have a higher degree of
enhanced skin color. Ground color: RHS Yellow 4B. Tendency to
crack: None observed. Taste: No astringency observed. Epidermis:
Typical short pubescence. Flesh.--Ripens: evenly within each fruit.
Texture: smooth, firm, melting, and juicy when fully ripe. Fibers:
very fine, small, tender, and abundant. Aroma: moderate and typical
of commercial peach varieties. Eating quality: excellent flavor
with typical acidity for fresh market. Soluble solids content:
approximately 7.6 to 14.2.degree. Brix with the average of
11.53.degree. Brix when at approximately 5.2 to 7.6 kgf of
penetrometer firmness (the average is 6.28 kgf) with a standard
5/16-inch tip following a seven-day post-harvest storage protocol.
This characteristic varies slightly with fruit number per tree,
climatic conditions, cultural practices, and ripening stages.
Color: RHS Yellow 13B. Color of red flecks within flesh: RHS Red
42C. Color of flesh at pit: RHS Red 42A. Browning by oxidation:
none observed on tree ripe fruit beginning to soften. Amygdalin:
none detected. Stone: Type.--Freestone. Size.--Generally medium
large. The stone size varies upon the tree vigor, crop load and
prevailing growing conditions. Length: approximately 31.8 to 38.1
millimeters with the average of 35.44 millimeters. Width:
approximately 21.6 to 26.0 millimeters with the average of 23.31
millimeters. Diameter: approximately 16.6 to 20.3 millimeters with
the average of 18.33 millimeters. Wall thickness.--Approximately
5.3 to 6.4 millimeters with the average of 5.77 millimeters.
Color.--RHS Greyed-Orange 177A when flesh is freshly cut.
Form.--Oblong. Base.--Acute. Apex.--Straight with cuspidate tip.
Sides.--Generally equal. Surface.--Generally furrowed toward
ventral edge, smooth on dorsal edge and lighted pitted from base to
apex. Tendency to split.--None observed. Kernel.--Viable if
stratified upon removal from fruit at harvest, and without drying.
Taste: bitter. Size: Considered medium large. Length: approximately
15.4 to 22.3 millimeters with the average of 17.40 millimeters.
Width: approximately 9.7 to 13.3 millimeters with the average of
10.76 millimeters. Thickness: approximately 4.2 to 7.7 millimeters
with the average of 5.37 millimeters. Form: generally acute apex
with acute, sometimes straight base. Color: RHS Yellow-Orange 20B.
Use of the fruit: Fresh, dessert. Keeping quality: Excellent after
about two weeks at approximately 2 to 8 degrees Celsius and with
little bruising or scarring appearing on skin. Shipping quality:
Considered very good. The fruit showed little bruising of the flesh
or skin damage after normal harvesting and packing procedures. The
fruit retained firmness and showed no internal breakdown of flesh
or appreciable loss of eating quality under refrigeration at
approximately 2 to 8 degrees Celsius indicates fruit should be
highly acceptable for shipping. Resistance to disease: High
resistance to bacterial spot incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv.
pruni. No unusual resistance or susceptibility to insects and
diseases was noted.
* * * * *