U.S. patent number PP31,354 [Application Number 15/932,747] was granted by the patent office on 2020-01-14 for artichoke plant named `ps-msg0677`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to OCEAN MIST FARMS, PLANT SCIENCES, INC.. The grantee listed for this patent is OCEAN MIST FARMS, PLANT SCIENCES, INC.. Invention is credited to William J. Colfer.
United States Patent |
PP31,354 |
Colfer |
January 14, 2020 |
Artichoke plant named `PS-MSG0677`
Abstract
A new and distinct Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. cultivar
of artichoke plant named `PS-MSG0677`, characterized by its
fleshiness of bracts; fleshiness of hearts; uniformity of head
shapes; and male sterility which is demonstrated by the absence of
pollen on all florets during anthesis.
Inventors: |
Colfer; William J. (Aptos,
CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
PLANT SCIENCES, INC.
OCEAN MIST FARMS |
Watsonville
Castroville |
CA
CA |
US
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
PLANT SCIENCES, INC.
(Watsonville, CA)
OCEAN MIST FARMS (Castroville, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
68235836 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/932,747 |
Filed: |
April 20, 2018 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20190327869 P1 |
Oct 24, 2019 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/258 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
6/1432 (20180501) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/02 (20180101); A01H 6/14 (20180101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/258 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hwu; June
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foley & Lardner LLP
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A new and distinct Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. cultivar
of artichoke plant named `PS-MSG0677`, as herein described and
illustrated by the characteristics set forth above.
Description
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Cynara
cardunculus var. scolymus L.
Variety denomination: `PS-MSG-0677.`
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of
artichoke plant, botanically known as Cynara cardunculus var.
scolymus L., and herein referred to by the cultivar name
`PS-MSG0677.`
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L., commonly known as Globe
artichoke, is a thistle-like perennial herb and is a member of the
family Asteraceae. Globe artichokes comprise: leaves, which are
pinnately lobed, but primarily spiny; oval capitula composed of an
involucre of overlapping layers of large bracts; and a receptacle,
which is enlarged and fleshy. Globe artichoke plants may be
propagated by division or vegetative means, and are essentially
grown for the production of the immature flower heads, which are
considered vegetable delicacies. Fresh artichokes may be baked,
steamed, or boiled, after which the fleshy receptacle, inner and
outer bracts, and parts of the floral stem may be eaten.
The new artichoke cultivar is a product of a planned breeding
program carried out by the inventor, William J. Colfer, in
Chowchilla, Calif., in 2007. The new artichoke cultivar
`PS-MSG0677` is a result of a controlled cross between the female
(seed) parent, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. designated
`GGMSC5` (unpatented) and the male (pollen) parent, Cynara
cardunculus var. scolymus L. designated `GGRCHB01` (unpatented).
The new artichoke `PS-MSG0677` was discovered and selected by the
inventor, as a single flowering plant within the progeny of the
stated cross, following several cycles of self-pollination in a
controlled environment in 2004/2005 in Merced County, Calif.
Asexual reproduction of the artichoke `PS-MSG0677` by vegetative
cuttings was first performed (in August 2006) in Castroville,
Calif., and has demonstrated that the combination of
characteristics as herein disclosed for the new cultivar are firmly
fixed and retained through successive generations of asexual
reproduction. The term "vegetative cutting" refers to the removal
of offshoots or suckers from axillary buds borne at the base of the
stem just below the soil surface. The new shoots will develop
axillary buds and subsequently produce offshoots in the following
season. The "vegetative cutting" was removed from the crown region
of the new artichoke `PS-MSG0677.` The new cultivar reproduces true
to type.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are
determined to be unique characteristics of `PS-MSG0677`, which in
combination distinguish this artichoke as a new and distinct
cultivar:
1. fleshiness of bracts;
2. fleshiness of hearts;
3. uniformity of head shapes; and
4. male sterility which is demonstrated by the absence of pollen on
all florets during anthesis.
It should be noted that these data were collected from second-year
transplants.
Plants of the new Cynara `PS-MSG0677` differ from plants of the
parents, `GGMSC5` (unpatented) and `GGRCHB01` (unpatented) in the
following characteristics described in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Female Parent Male Parent New Cultivar
`GGMSC5` `GGRCHB01` Characteristic `PS-MSG0677` (unpatented)
(unpatented) Head number 6.20 5.80 7.25 Head shape oval oval
slightly rounded oval Head color 5 GY 7/6- 5 GY 5/4- 5 GY 4/6- 5 GY
7/8 5 GY 4/4 5 GY 6/6
Of the many commercial cultivars known to the inventor, the most
similar in comparison to the new Cynara `PS-MSG0677` is Cynara
`GREEN GLOBE` (unpatented), in the following characteristics
described in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparison Cultivar Name New Cultivar GREEN
GLOBE Characteristic `PS-MSG0677` (unpatented) Average head number
6.20 6.40 Head exterior color Green yellow (very Green (no
glossiness) slight glossiness) Fleshiness of bract (cm) 0.54
0.51
For identification, a series of AFLP molecular markers have been
determined for this new artichoke cultivar.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS
The accompanying photographs illustrate the overall appearance of
the new artichoke `PS-MSG0677` showing the colors as true as is
reasonably possible with colored reproductions of this type. Colors
in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited
in the detailed botanical description, which accurately describe
the color of `PS-MSG0677`. The depicted plant and plant parts of
the new artichoke `PS-MSG0677` were taken in Merced County, Calif.
of second-year transplants.
FIG. 1 shows a side view perspective of three `PS-MSG0677` primary
heads with their secondary heads also developing below the larger
primary heads;
FIG. 2 shows the bottom row (the most outer bracts) followed by the
next layers of bracts (second row) moving inward towards the
receptacle. The subsequent rows show the most inner bracts in the
third and fourth rows at the top of the page. The artichoke head is
an involucre of overlapping layers of bracts, and these bract
layers are tightly appressed to each other; and
FIG. 3 shows a close-up perspective of typical fruit, with its
attached outer bracts (interior appearance).
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
The new artichoke `PS-MSG0677` has not been observed under all
possible environmental conditions. The phenotype of the new
cultivar may vary with variations in environmental factors,
including weather (temperature, humidity, and light intensity), day
length, soil type, and location, without any change in the genotype
of the plant.
The aforementioned photographs, together with the following
observations, measurements and values describe plants of
`PS-MSG0677` as grown in Castroville, Calif., under conditions
which closely approximate those generally used in horticultural
practice.
Castroville is located in California's central coast. Conditions
can vary greatly during the summer months. Air temperature can
range between the low 20's (degrees Fahrenheit) in the winter to
above 80 (degrees Fahrenheit) during the summer months. Relative
humidity is generally moderate with values ranging from the mid
40's to the high 60's. Prevailing winds are westerly, and annual
rainfall rarely exceeds 25'' (inches).
In the following description, holding quality was measured by the
physical appearance of the harvested heads. This includes the
heads' appearance following 3, 7 and 10-day storage periods in a
cold storage room held at 34 (degrees Fahrenheit). Head exterior
(oxidation) was observed at each of the three observation points.
Browning and blackening of plant tissue was evaluated as light,
moderate and extreme. Juiciness was measured by observing exudate
and rated as absent, moderate or excessive. Overall storage
response was measured by observations concentrated on visible color
variability and/or presence of lesions or other cosmetic anomalies.
Leaf ratio (L/W) was determined by dividing representative leaf
sample length measurements by representative leaf sample width
measurements. Finally, head response to weather was determined by
observing the heads at maturity. These field observations focus on
presence or absence of bronzing, necrotic and chlorotic lesions or
any abiotic response to environmental conditions. These data are
reported as the possible causal event(s), and then describe the
detailed head and plant responses.
The age of the plants in the aforementioned photographs, together
with the following observations, measurements and values describe
plants of `PS-MSG0677` about 210-250 days from transplanting.
Plants were developed in transplant trays for about 120 to 150
days, for a total plant age of about 330 to 400 days. Not all
greenhouse plantings are performed on the same day. Physical data
collection may also be performed on different days.
All color references below are measured against The Munsell Book of
Color, Munsell Color Macbeth Division of Kollmorgen Instruments
Corporation, (1988/PRO88-A). Colors are approximate as color
depends on horticultural practices such as light level and
fertilization rate, among others. Classification:
Botanical.--Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. Parentage: Female
or seed parent.--Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. designated
`GGMSC5` (unpatented). Male or pollen parent.--Cynara cardunculus
var. scolymus L. designated `GGRCHB01` (unpatented). Propagation:
Vegetative cuttings (side-shoots selected and harvested from
original parent selection). Plant: Height.--About 92.46 cm. Range:
86.36 cm to 102.24 cm. Width.--About 133.74 cm. Range: 128.88 cm to
147.96 cm. Growth habit.--Upright/intermediate. Vigor.--Good (This
measurement is based on overall plant performance, including plant
height, density of leaf canopy and overall plant growth and
development rates.) Lateral shoots: These lateral branches from the
main stem or offshoots from axillary buds are borne at the base of
the stem just below the soil surface. Number per plant.--About 2 or
3 per plant. Length.--About 14.40 cm. Range: 12.07 cm to 16.51 cm.
Diameter.--About 2.86 cm. Range: 2.50 cm to 3.10 cm. Color.--5 GY
7/4-5 GY 5/4. Anthocyanin coloration range: 5 R 4/4-5 R 5/4.
Foliage density.--Open to moderate, variable shoots give plant an
open to moderate plant density appearance. Side-shoot
development.--Moderate side-shoot development. Plant responds to
floral stalk removal inducing side-shoot development. Number of
leaves per side-shoot.--Range: 0 to 3. Stem (main): Length.--About
6.77 cm. Range: 6.50 cm to 7.2 cm. Diameter.--About 2.86 cm. Range:
2.50 cm to 3.20 cm. Width (with leaves).--Ranges from 3.72 cm to
4.80 cm. Color.--Color designation: 5 GY 7/4-5 GY 6/4. Coloration
with basal anthocyanin coloration: 5 R 4/4-5 R 5/4. Texture.--Stem
texture can vary from areas that are tomentulose to tomentose.
Maturity and presence of surrounding leaf tissue influence stem
pubescence. Number of leaves per main stem.--Range: 10 to 14.
Distance between leaf lobes on stem.--Range: 1.5 cm to 2.1 cm.
Internode length.--Range: 5.72 cm to 11.43 cm (Internode length is
influenced by soil conditions (moisture) in the field.) Buds:
Shape.--Typically ovate. Range: slightly round to oval; surrounded
by developing leaf tissue. Height.--Range: 9.91 cm average (primary
head) to 4.92cm average (secondary head). Diameter.--Range: 4.20 cm
to 11.30 cm. Color.--Color dependent on age and exposure to sun
Range: 5 GY 7/6-5 GY 7/8. Texture.--Glabrous, with some light
pubescence at the base of the buds. Inflorescence: Mature, meaning
grown to point of harvest and ready for consumption. Florets:
Number per primary head.--Range: about 1065 to 1350. Overall
shape.--Tubulose, fused basal region anther tubes that flare
slightly to a flattened, expanded obtuse apex stigmatic region.
Width.--About 1.5 mm. Color.--Purple-blue, color dependent on
floret age. Range: 10 PB 4/12-10 PB 4/8-10 PB 5/6. Florets oxidize
to darker stigmatic colors and lighter anther colors late in
maturation. Margin.--Smooth. Texture.--Smooth. Capitulum (head):
Number.--About 6.20/plant. Range: 5.0 to 7.0 heads/plant.
Shape.--Predominately oval shapes, and slightly broadened
mid-sections, creating rounded oval to oval shape. Size.--(18)
Primary: 28.58 cm to 30.40 cm. (24) Secondary: 31.12 cm to 33.02
cm. (30) Tertiary: 28.58 cm to 30.48 cm. (36) Tertiary: 26.04 cm to
27.94 cm. (48) Tertiary: 23.50 cm to 25.40 cm.
Texture.--Intermediate, smooth and slightly glossy. Color.--Range:
5 GY 7/6-5 GY 7/8. Some marginal anthocyanin coloration is visible
on the basal portions of bracts. (5 R 3/4-5 R 3/2).
Fragrance.--Mild, lightly aromatic. Slightly sweet aroma,
freshly-cut, green grass aroma. Firmness.--Heads are firm. Some
head types in the spring have reduced firmness. Gloss.--Slight
gloss green; tips can yellow surrounding the spine region. Heads
overall have a slight gloss green coloration. Juiciness.--Some
interior bracts have exudate visible. Most outer bracts and
peduncle tissues are absent of exudate. Peduncle: Length.--Range:
9.5 cm to 13.0 cm. Diameter.--Range: 1.90 cm to 2.20 cm (Primary).
Range: 1.30 cm to 1.60 cm (Secondary). Color.--Range: 5 GY 6/4-5 GY
5/4. Deep grooves travel lengthwise modifying color uniformity.
Texture.--Early development can be tomentose while later
development can be delicately tomentose. Distinct smooth grooves
are also evident, running the length of the peduncle. Bract:
Number.--About 73.60 bracts. Range: 68 to 80 bracts. Outer bract
quantity per capitulum.--Range: 25-27. Inner bract quantity per
capitulum.--Range: 45-47. Arrangement.--Bracts layer and overlap
attaching to a fleshy receptacle. Length.--About 7.79 cm (outer);
Range: 7.00 cm to 9.2 cm. About 9.47 cm (inner.) Range: 9.0 cm to
10.0 cm. Width.--About 5.27 cm (outer). Range: 5.0 cm to 5.50 cm.
About 5.29 cm (inner). Range: 5.0 cm to 5.7 cm. Shape.--Bracts are
predominantly oval shaped with some bracts displaying apical
splitting and apical notching. Inner bracts display only mild
constriction in the basal regions of both inner and outer bracts.
Texture (mid-region).--Smooth, slight texture. Color (inner
position in capitulum).--Bract interior coloration: 2.5 GY 6/6-2.5
GY 9/2-10 Y 9/4 (green coloration). Outer bract interior coloration
(apex): 10 Y 9/4-10 Y 8.5/6. Slight anthocyanin coloration present
in innermost interior bract margins. 5 R 3/4-5 R 3/2. Color (outer
position in capitulum).--5 GY 6/6-5 GY 5/6 (green coloration).
Mid-region to base: 5 GY 7/6-5 GY 7/8(green coloration with basal
yellow coloration). Firmness.--Malleable. Bracts are highly
flexible. Outer bracts are more flexible. Spinosity.--Present on
bract apexes. Spines are described as moderate with rounded bract
apexes. Length range: 1.0 mm-2.0 mm. Basal thickness.--About 8.00
mm. Range: 6.00 cm to 8.00 mm. Density (central head inner
bract).--Medium. Depth of apical notching (outer bract).--Shallow.
Reflexing of tip (outer bract).--Inward. Basal height (outer
bract).--Medium. Bract quantity per capitulum.--72 average.
Receptacle: Bristle length.--44.50 mm average. Bristle color.--10Y
9/1-5Y 9/2. Bristle surface texture.--Smooth with visible
longitudinal striations under the surface of the receptacle. Heart:
Description.--Concave, moderately full. Heart is slightly concave
with moderate outer margins. Color.--7.5 Y 9/2. Pappus:
Number.--The pappus attaches at the apical region of the mature
seed. Approximately 72-90 pappus filaments per seed. Seed numbers
vary -- about 857 to 1350 seeds per head. The seed numbers vary
greatly (dependent upon weather conditions, pollination,
fertilization and seed-set), which consequently influence pappus
numbers. Length.--About 15.5 mm. Range: 13.0 mm to 19.0 mm.
Color.--Variable white coloration. 10Y 9/2 (base)-10Y 8.5/2 (apex)
(colors difficult to match). Overall cold storage response: Good
cold storage response. Very slight oxidation observed. Cold storage
(hold quality): Good. Some very slight brown lesions are visible on
outer bracts. Tips are free of necrosis. Head exterior (oxidation):
Good. Only those areas damaged during harvest showed some
oxidation. Very slight bract margin discoloration. Head response
(weather): None. Some exterior head damage was observed. Some
mechanical head damage was observed from abrasion with other
surrounding heads. Foliage (leaves): Shape.--Irregular, dentate
leaves that are long and strap-like, parted pinnatisect margins, a
slightly reduced tomentose upper-leaf surface and more advanced
tomentose lower-leaf surface. The leaf apex is described as a
reduced mucronulate. Length.--About 32.42 cm. Range: 30.75 cm to
33.50 cm. Width.--About 14.75 cm. Range: 13.50 cm to 16.60 cm. Leaf
ratio (L/W).--About 2.15 Range: 2.02 to 2.28. Leaf area.--About
478.90 cm.sup.2 Range: 436.65 cm.sup.2 to 547.80 cm.sup.2. Leaf
serrations.--About 37.50 mm. Range: 36 mm to 39 mm. Leaf distance
between serrations.--About 17.60 mm. Range: 15 mm to 21 mm. Leaf
basal angle.--About 55.00.degree. Range: 47.0.degree. to
62.0.degree.. Leaf basal thickness.--About 9.70 mm. Range: 8.00 mm
to 11.00 mm. Texture.--Mature leaves are more blistered (verrucose
type appearance). Younger, developing leaves are distinctly more
verrucose with a more blistered appearance and texture.
Pubescence.--Smooth to sparse density. Pubescence on most leaves is
indistinct (glabrous appearance). Immature, younger leaves are
highly pubescent (more tomentose). Upper leaf: sparse. Lower leaf:
dense. Color (mature).--Upper surface: Range: 5 GY 4/6-5 GY 4/4
Lower surface: Range: 5 GY 4/6-5 GY 4/4. Color (immature).--Upper
surface: Range: 5 GY 4/6 Lower surface: Range: 5 GY 4/4. Leaf base
midrib spines.--Absent. Spine color.--Range: 5 Y 9/2-5 Y 8.5/2.
Lobes: Number per leaf.--About 16 to 18 (This number can also vary
and is influenced by soil types and winter growth conditions.)
Number of secondary leaf lobes.--Few. Apex shape.--Apex is acute
with a spiny apex depending on leaf maturity and developmental
stages in relation to reproductive bolting. Base shape.--Generally
described as pinnatisect and lobed. Length.--Range: 16.8 cm to 20.0
cm (dependent upon leaf developmental stages). Width.--Range: 4.0
cm to 7.9 cm. Venation: Basal regions of the leaf have slightly
green coloration. The terminal and apical regions' coloration is
green. Both mid-vein and surrounding venation is green colored.
Pattern.--White mid-vein (apex) with light green color venation
radiating from leaf mid-vein. Venation pattern is described as
pinnate. Color.--5 GY 7/6-2.5 GY 9/2 (upper leaf veination); 10 GY
7/6 (lower leaf veination). Petiole: Length.--About 9.65 cm. Range:
6.7 cm to 12.3 cm. Width.--About 2.30 cm. Range: 2.20 cm to 2.61
cm. Diameter.--About 8.33 mm. Range: about 8.0 mm to 9.0 mm. Color:
2.5 GY 9/2-5 GY 7/4 (upper regions) 5 GY 8/4 (lower regions).
Reproductive organs/seeds: Seed is generally a light tan color with
variable black specks on the seed coat. Seeds have an oval (acute
basal apex) shape. About 4 to 4.5 mm (w) x 7 to 8 mm (1). Pistil
length.--69 mm average. Style length.--15 mm average. Style color.
--10 PB 3/8-10 PB 4/8. Stigma color.--10 PB 5/8-10 PB 6/8. Stamen
length.--17 mm average. Stamen width.--3 mm average. Anther
shape.--Syngenesious (five fused anthers, as an anther tube).
Anther color.--10 PB 6/6-10 PB 7/6. Ovary length.--6 mm average.
Ovary width.--4 mm average. Ovary position.--Rest vertically into
the receptacle. Weather tolerance: No testing has been conducted.
`PS-MSG0677` may be sensitive to temperatures below 20.degree. F.
Disease/pest resistance: No observations have been made.
Disease/pest susceptibility: No pest or pathogen resistance or
susceptibility has been measured. Market use/shippability:
Experimental line used in breeding experimentation -- not shipped
or open to market use. General observations: This new artichoke
hybrid is a unique type that exhibits the following
characteristics. The plants is moderate in height, ranging from 86
cm to 102 cm. The comparative head qualities to California's
artichoke variety `GREEN GLOBE` (unpatented) are green (slightly
glossy) (unlike GREEN GLOBE) exterior coloration with basal blush
(like GREEN GLOBE), and moderate head numbers. Head numbers range
from 5 to 7 heads per plant. Head shape does have slight variation
displaying a predominately oval shape and, slightly broadened
mid-sections, rounded oval shapes. These slightly glossy heads are
produced in the sizes ranging from size (18) primaries, size (24)
secondaries and size (30, 36 and 48) tertiaries. Floral stalk
development and head numbers can vary. Anthocyanin coloration is
not present in innermost interior bract margins. The head spinosity
is present on bract apexes within apical notches. Inner bracts also
display spines but can be very slightly notched and splitting. The
average spine length ranges between 1.0 and 2.0 mm. The plant's
upright growth habit is intermediate, but is very vigorous. The
canopy's coloration is a deeper green/yellow color. These colors on
Munsell Leaf Color Chart range from 5 GY 4/6 to 5 GY 4/4. Leaf
spinosity is light to moderate, and categorized as few. Floral
stalk development during anthesis produces a purple flower. Flower
color varies with flower maturity. The phenotypic characteristics
of this cultivar may vary slightly, depending upon variation in the
environmental factors, including weather (temperature, humidity and
light intensity), day length, soil type, farming practices,
location and time of year.
* * * * *