U.S. patent number PP24,425 [Application Number 13/385,316] was granted by the patent office on 2014-05-06 for artichoke plant named `ps-msg0619`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ocean Mist Farms, Plant Sciences, Inc.. The grantee listed for this patent is William J. Colfer. Invention is credited to William J. Colfer.
United States Patent |
PP24,425 |
Colfer |
May 6, 2014 |
Artichoke plant named `PS-MSG0619`
Abstract
A new and distinct Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. cultivar
of artichoke plant named `PS-MSG0619`, characterized by its
fleshiness of bracts; fleshiness of hearts; uniformity of head
shapes; and male sterility which is demonstrated by the absence of
pollen on all florets during anthesis.
Inventors: |
Colfer; William J. (Aptos,
CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Colfer; William J. |
Aptos |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Plant Sciences, Inc.
(Watsonville, CA)
Ocean Mist Farms (Castroville, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
48946820 |
Appl.
No.: |
13/385,316 |
Filed: |
February 14, 2012 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20130212757 P1 |
Aug 15, 2013 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/258 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
6/14 (20180501); A01H 5/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/258 |
Primary Examiner: Locker; Howard
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foley & Lardner
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A new and distinct Cynara cardunculus var scolymus L. cultivar
of artichoke plant named `PS-MSG0619`, as herein described and
illustrated by the characteristics set forth above.
Description
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Cynara
cardunculus L. var. scolymus L.
Variety denomination: `PS-MSG0619`.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of
artichoke plant, botanically known as Cynara cardunculus L. var.
scolymus L, and herein referred to by the cultivar name
`PS-MSG0619`.
Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L, commonly known as Globe
artichoke, is a thistle-like perennial herb and is a member of the
family Asteraceae. Globe artichokes comprise: leaves, which are
pinnately lobed; but primarily spiney; oval capitula composed of an
involucre of overlapping layers of large bracts; a receptacle,
which are enlarged and fleshy. Globe artichoke plants may be
propagated by division or vegetative means, and are essentially
grown for the production of the immature flower heads, which are
considered as vegetable delicacies. Fresh artichokes may be baked,
steamed, or boiled, after which the fleshy receptacle, inner and
outer bracts, and parts of the floral stem may be eaten.
The new artichoke cultivar is a product of a planned breeding
program carried out by the inventor, William J. Colfer, in
Chowchilla, Calif., in 2004. The new artichoke cultivar
`PS-MSG0619` is a result of a controlled cross between the female
(seed) parent, Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L designated
`GGMSC5` (unpatented) and the male (pollen) parent, Cynara
cardunculus L. var. scolymus L designated `GGRCHB01` (unpatented)
The new artichoke `PS-MSG0619` was discovered and selected by the
inventor, as a single flowering plant within the progeny of the
stated cross following several cycles of self-pollination in an
outdoor field environment in 2003/2004 in Merced County, Calif.
Self-pollination procedures were controlled by using "plant
bagging" methods to create physical barriers around individual
inflorescence. Specifically, pollen was collected from this
selected plant and reintroduced three days later (self-pollination)
to the same plant. Subsequent plant evaluation, selection and
additional self-pollination were performed in outdoor field
environment the following season(s). Following three cycles of
inbreeding the progeny of these efforts was observed during
anthesis. The lack of pollen presence in PS-MSG0619 was observed.
This plant was retained for further observation, vegetative
propagation and experimentation.
Asexual reproduction of the artichoke `PS-MSG0619` by vegetative
cuttings was first performed in (August 2004) in Castroville,
Calif., and has demonstrated that the combination of
characteristics as herein disclosed for the new cultivar are firmly
fixed and retained through successive generations of asexual
reproduction. The new cultivar reproduces true to type.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are
determined to be unique characteristics of `PS-MSG0619`, which in
combination distinguish this artichoke as a new and distinct
cultivar: 1. fleshiness of bracts; 2. fleshiness of hearts; 3.
uniformity of head shapes; and 4. male sterility which is
demonstrated by the absence of pollen on all florets during
anthesis. It should be noted that these data were collected from
second year transplants.
Plants of the new Cynara `PS-MSG0619` differ from plants of the
parents, `GGMSC5` (unpatented) and `GGRCHB01` (unpatented) in the
following characteristics described in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparison with Parental Varieties Female
Parent Male Parent New Cultivar `GGMSC5` `GGRCHB01` Characteristic
`PS-MSG0619` (unpatented) (unpatented) Head Number 7.20 5.8 7.25
Head Shape oval oval Slightly rounded oval Head Color 5 GY 5/6- 5
GY 5/4- 5 GY 4/6-5 GY 6/6 5 GY 6/6 5 GY 4/4
Of the many commercial cultivars known to the present inventor, the
most similar in comparison to the new Cynara `PS-MSG0619` is Cynara
`GREEN GLOBE` (unpatented), in the following characteristics
described in Table 2:
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparison with Similar Variety New Cultivar
Comparison Cultivar Name Characteristic `PS-MSG0619` `GREEN GLOBE'
(unpatented) Average Head Number 7.2 6.4 Head exterior color Green
Yellow (non-glossy) Green (no glossiness) Fleshiness of bract (cm)
0.46 0.51
For identification, a series of AFLP molecular markers have been
determined for this new artichoke cultivar.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS
The accompanying photographs illustrate the overall appearance of
the new artichoke `PS-MSG0619` showing the colors as true as is
reasonably possible with colored reproductions of this type. Colors
in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited
in the detailed botanical description, which accurately describe
the color of `PS-MSG0619`. The depicted plant and plant parts of
the new artichoke `PS-MSG0619` were taken in Merced County, Calif.
of second year transplants.
FIG. 1 shows a side view perspective of several `PS-MSG0619` plants
grown in the field;
FIG. 2 shows a close-up, side view perspective of a single head of
`PS-MSG0619` grown in the field;
FIG. 3A shows a close-up perspective of typical fruit, with their
attached bracts (interior appearance); FIG. 3B shows a close up
(interior appearance) of interior bracts (top of photograph) and
outer bracts (bottom of photograph).
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
The new artichoke `PS-MSG0619` has not been observed under all
possible environmental conditions. The phenotype of the new
cultivar may vary with variations in environment factors, including
weather (temperature, humidity, and light intensity), day length,
soil type, and location, without any change in the genotype of the
plant.
The aforementioned photographs, together with the following
observations, measurements and values describe plants of
`PS-MSG0619` as grown in Castroville, Calif., under conditions
which closely approximate those generally used in horticultural
practice.
Castroville is located in California's central coast. Conditions
can vary greatly during the summer months. Air temperature can
range between the low 20's (degrees Fahrenheit) in the winter to
above 80 (degrees Fahrenheit) during the summer months. Relative
humidity is generally moderate with values ranging from the mid
40's to the high 60's. Prevailing winds are westerly, and rainfall
rarely exceeds 25'' (inches) of rainfall.
In the following description, holding quality was measured by the
physical appearance of the harvested heads. This includes the heads
appearance following 3, 7 and 10 day storage periods in a cold
storage room held at 34 (degrees Fahrenheit). Head exterior
(oxidation) was observed at each of the three observation points.
Browning and blackening of plant tissue was evaluated as light,
moderate and extreme. Juiciness was measured by observing exudate
and rated as absent, moderate or excessive. Overall storage
response was measured by observations concentrated on visible color
variability and/or presence of lesions or other cosmetic anomalies.
Leaf ratio (L/W) was determined by dividing representative leaf
sample length measurements by representative leaf sample width
measurements. Finally, head response to (weather) was determined by
observing the heads at maturity. These field observations focus on
presence or absence of bronzing, necrotic and chlorotic lesions or
any abiotic response to environmental conditions. These data are
reported as the possible causal event(s), and then describe the
detailed head and plant responses.
The age of the plants in the aforementioned photographs, together
with the following observations, measurements and values describe
plants of `PS-MSG0619` about 890-921 days from transplanting.
Plants were developed in transplant trays for about 120 to 150
days, for a total plant age of about 270 to 330 days. Not all
greenhouse plantings are performed on the same day. Physical data
collection may also be performed on different days.
All color references below are measured against The Munsell Book of
Color, Munsell Color Macbeth Division of Kollmorgen Instruments
Corporation, (1988/PRO88-A). Colors are approximate as color
depends on horticultural practices such as light level and
fertilization rate, among others. Classification:
Botanical.--Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Parentage:
Female or seed parent.--Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L
designated `GGMSC5` (unpatented). Male or pollen parent.--Cynara
cardunculus L. var. scolymus L designated `GGRCHB01` (unpatented).
Propagation: Vegetative cuttings (side-shoots selected and
harvested from original parent selection. Plant: Height.--About
169.80 cm. Range: 165.10 cm to 173.00 cm. Width.--About 148.25 cm.
Range: 123.20 cm to 171.00 cm. Growth habit.--Upright/intermediate.
Vigor.--Good. (This measurement is based on overall plant
performance. Including plant height, density of leaf canopy and
overall plant growth and development rates). Lateral shoots: These
offshoots or suckers from axillary buds are borne at the base of
the stem just below the soil surface. Number per plant.--About 2.0
or 5.0 per plant. Length.--About 28.67 cm. Range: 20.32 cm to 33.26
cm. Diameter.--About 2.17 cm. Range: 2.0 cm to 2.4 cm. Color.--5 GY
6/4-5 GY 5/4. Anthocyanin coloration range: 10 RP 5/4-10 RP 4/4.
Foliage density.--Open to moderate, variable shoots give plant an
open to moderate plant density appearance. Side shoot
development.--Moderate side shoot development. Plant responds to
floral stalk removal inducing side-shoot development. Number of
leaves per side shoot.--Ranges from 3 to 6. Stem (main):
Length.--About 12.19 cm. Range: 7.62 cm to 15.75 cm.
Diameter.--About 7.33 cm. Range: 5.33 cm to 9.40 cm. Width (with
leaves).--Ranges from 5.72 cm to 8.89 cm. Color.--Color
Designation: 5 GY 5/6-5 GY 5/4 coloration with basal anthocyanin
coloration: 5RP 5/4-5RP 4/4. Texture.--Stem texture can vary from
areas that are tomentum to tomentose. Maturity and presence of
surrounding leaf tissue influence stem pubescence. Number of leaves
per main stem.--Ranges from 12 to 14. Distance between leaf lobes
(use petiole or leaf insertion not lobes) on stem.--Ranges from 5.7
cm to 7.5 cm. Internode length.--Ranges from 8.8 cm to 11.3 cm
(Internode length influenced by soil conditions (moisture) in the
field. Buds: Shape: (please confirm/modify).--Typically ovate.
Range from slightly round to oval; surrounded by developing leaf
tissue. Height.--Ranges 15.24 cm to 18.54 cm. Diameter.--Ranges
17.27 cm to 18.03 cm. Color: (please confirm/modify).--Color
dependent on age and exposure to sun. Ranges 5 GY 5/6-5 GY 6/6.
Texture: (please confirm/modify).--Glabrous, with some light
pubescence at the base of the buds. Inflorescence: Mature, meaning
grown to point of harvest and ready for consumption. Florets:
Number per primary head.--Range of about 837 to 1341. Overall
shape.--Tubulose, fused basal region anther tubes that flare
slightly to a flattened, expanded obtuse apex stigmatic region.
Width.--About 1.6 mm. Color.--Purple-Blue, color dependent on
floret age. Ranges 10PB 4/12-10PB 4/8-10PB 5/8. Florets oxidize to
darker stigmatic colors and lighter anther colors late in
maturation. Margin.--Entire. Texture.--Smooth. Capitulum (head):
Number.--About 7.20/plant. Range: 6.0 to 8.0 heads/plant.
Shape.--Predominately oval shapes, and slightly broadened
mid-sections, creating rounded to oval shape. Size: (These
measurements reflect the circumference range of the individual
grades.).--(12) Primary: 36.20 cm to 38.10 cm. (18) Secondary:
28.58 cm to 30.40 cm. (24) Secondary: 31.12 cm to 33.02 cm. (30)
Tertiary: 28.58 cm to 30.48 cm. (36) Tertiary: 26.04 cm to 27.94
cm. (48) Tertiary: 23.50 cm to 25.40 cm. Texture.--Intermediate,
smooth and non-glossy. Color.--Ranges 5 GY 5/6-5 GY 6/6. Some
marginal anthocyanin coloration is visible on the basal portions of
bracts. (2.5 RP 3/6-2.5 RP 3/4). Fragrance.--Mild, lightly
aromatic. Slightly sweet aroma, freshly cut -- green grass aroma.
Firmness.--Heads are firm. Some head types in the spring have
reduced firmness. Gloss.--Non-gloss green/tips yellow coloration.
Heads have distinct overall flat green coloration. Juiciness.--Some
interior bracts have exudate visible. Most outer bracts and
peduncle tissues are absent of exudate. Peduncle: Length.--Ranges
18.0 cm to 26.0 cm. Diameter.--Ranges 2.00 cm to 2.40 cm.
Color.--Ranges 5 GY 7/6-5 GY 6/6. Deep grooves travel lengthwise
modifying color uniformity. Texture.--Early development can be
tomentose while later development can be delicately tomentose.
Distinct smooth grooves are also evident; running the length of the
peduncle. Bract: Number.--About 56.60 bracts. Range: 54 to 60
bracts. Arrangement.--Bracts layer and overlap attaching to a
fleshy receptacle. Length.--About 6.74 cm (outer); Range: 6.50 cm
to 7.00 cm. About 5.84 cm (inner). Range: 5.50 cm to 6.20 cm.
Width.--About 5.21 cm (outer). Range: 4.70 cm to 5.50 cm. About
5.84 cm (inner). Range: 5.50 cm to 6.20 cm. Shape.--Bracts are
predominantly oval shaped with some bracts displaying deep apical
notching. Inner bracts have constricted basal regions that expand
at the base forming two rounded lobes. Texture.--Smooth, slight
texture. Color (inner)(position in capitulum).--*Bract interior
coloration: 2.5 GY 6/6-10 Y 8.5/4 (Green coloration). *Outer bract
interior coloration (apex): 5 GY 7/6 / APEX: 2.5 GY 8/6 (Green --
Yellow Coloration) No anthocyanin coloration present in innermost
interior bract margins. Color (outer)(position in capitulum).--5 GY
6/6 (Green Coloration). *Mid-region to base: 5 GY 6/6-5 GY 7/6
(Green coloration with basal yellow coloration).
Firmness.--Malleable. Bracts are highly flexible. Outer bracts are
more flexible. Spinosity.--Present on bract apexes. Spines are
slight to moderate with notched bract apexes. Length ranges between
1.0 mm to 2.0 mm in length. Basal thickness.--About 4.00 mm. Range:
3.00 cm to 5.00 mm. Heart: Description.--Deep concave, moderately
full. Heart is slightly concave with moderate-thin outer margins.
Color.--7.5 Y 9/2-10 Y 9/2. Pappus: Number.--The pappus attaches at
the apical region of the mature seed. Approximately 78-88 pappus
filaments per seed. Seed numbers vary -- about 837 to 1341 seeds
per head. The seed numbers vary greatly; dependent upon weather
conditions, pollination, fertilization and seed-set which
consequently influence pappus numbers. Length.--About 14.5 mm.
Range: 13.0 mm to 16.0 mm. Color.--Variable white coloration. 10Y
9/2 (base)-10Y 8.5/2 (apex) (colors difficult to match). Overall
cold storage response: Good cold storage response. Very slight
oxidation observed. Cold storage (hold quality): Good. Some very
slight outer bract brown lesions are visible. Tips are free of
necrosis. Head exterior (oxidation): Good. Only those areas damaged
during harvest showed some oxidation. Very slight bract margin
discoloration. Head response (weather): None. Some exterior head
damage was observed. Some mechanical head damage was observed from
abrasion with other surrounding heads. Foliage: Leaf.--Shape:
Irregular, dentate leaves that are long and strap-like, parted
pinnatisect margins, and a slightly reduced tomentose upper leaf
surface and more advanced tomentose lower leaf surface. The leaf
apex is a reduced mucronulate. Length: About 106.00 cm. Range: 94.5
cm to 113.0 cm. Width: About 41.60 cm. Range: 34.00 cm to 46.60 cm.
Leaf Ratio (L/W): About 2.58. Range: 2.04 to 3.26. Leaf Area:
(Describes the total surface area of the leaf; based on leaf
L.times.W). About 4,393.00 cm.sup.2. Range: 3696.00 cm.sup.2 to
4972.00 cm.sup.2. Leaf Serrations: About 52.0 mm. Range: 35.0 mm to
62 mm. Leaf Distance Between Serrations: About 64.10 mm. Range:
57.00 mm to 75.00 mm. Leaf Basal Angle: (This leaf basal angle is
the average vertical angle plane reference.) About 52.60.degree..
Range: 45.0.degree. to 60.0.degree.. Leaf Basal Thickness: About
9.70 mm. Range: 8.00 mm to 11.00 mm. Texture: Mature leaves are
more blistered (verrucose type appearance). Younger, developing
leaves are smooth and lack the blistered texture. Pubescence:
Smooth to sparse density. Pubescence on most leaves is indistinct
(glabrous appearance). Immature, younger leaves are highly
pubescent (more tomentose). Color (mature): Upper surface: Ranges 5
GY 4/6-5 GY 5/6. Lower surface: Ranges 5 GY 4/4-5 GY 5/4. Color
(immature): Upper surface: Ranges 5 GY 3/6-5 GY 4/4. Lower surface:
Ranges 5 GY 4/4. Lobes.--Number Per Leaf: About 12 to 16. (This
number can also vary and is influenced by soil types and winter
growth conditions). Apex Shape: Apex can vary obtuse to acute
depending on leaf maturity and developmental stages in relation to
reproductive bolting. Base Shape: Generally pinnatisect and lobed.
Length: Ranges 15.6 cm to 23.2 cm (Dependent upon leaf
developmental stages). Width: Ranges 6.5 cm to 8.4 cm.
Venation.--Basal regions of the leaf have slightly green
coloration. The terminal and apical regions coloration is green.
Both mid-vein and surrounding venation is green colored. Pattern:
White mid-vein with light green color venation radiating from leaf
mid-vein. Venation pattern is described as pinnate. Color: 5 GY
7/6-5 GY 8/4 (Upper leaf veination) ; 5 GY 8/4 (Lower leaf
veination). Petiole.--Length: About 9.73 cm. Range: 6.5 cm to 13.2
cm. Width: About 2.30 cm. Range: 2.20 cm to 2.61 cm. Diameter:
About 8.33 mm. Range: About 8.0 mm to 9.0 mm. Color: 5 GY 8/4-5 GY
7/4 (Upper regions). 5 GY 8/4 (Lower regions). Reproductive
organs/seeds: Seed are generally a light tan color with variable
black specks on the seed coat. Seed has an oval (acute basal apex)
shape. About 4 to 5 mm (w).times.8 to 9 mm (l). Weather tolerance:
No testing has been conducted. `PS-MSG0619` may be sensitive to
temperatures below 20.degree. F. Disease/pest resistance: No
observations made. Disease/pest susceptibility: No observations
made. General observations: This new artichoke hybrid is a unique
type that exhibits the following characteristics. The plants
moderate height, ranging from 164 cm to 173 cm. Its comparative
head qualities to California's artichoke variety `GREEN GLOBE`
(unpatented): green (non-glossy) (like `Green Globe`) exterior
coloration, slightly larger head numbers. Head numbers ranging from
6-8 heads per plant. Head shape does have slight variation
displaying a predominately oval shapes and, slightly broadened
mid-sections, rounded -- oval shapes. These non-glossy heads are
produced in the sizes ranging from (12) primary, size (18)
secondaries and size (30, 36 and 48) tertiaries. Floral stalk
development and head numbers can vary. Anthocyanin coloration is
not present in innermost interior bract margins. The head spinosity
is present on bract apexes within apical notches. Inner bracts also
display spines but can be very slightly notched and splitting. The
average spine length ranges between 1.0-1.5 mm. The plants upright
growth habit is intermediate, but is very vigorous. The canopies
coloration is a deeper green/yellow color. These colors on Munsell
Leaf Color Chart range from 5 GY 3/6-5 GY 4/4-5 GY 5/6. Leaf
spinosity is light to moderate, categorized as few. Floral stalk
development during anthesis produces a purple flower. Flower color
varies with flower maturity. The phenotypic characteristics of this
cultivar may vary slightly, depending upon variation in the
environmental factors. Including weather (temperature, humidity and
light intensity), day length, soil type, farming practices,
location and time of year.
* * * * *