U.S. patent number PP30,126 [Application Number 15/731,420] was granted by the patent office on 2019-01-22 for gravevine named `solbrio`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of Agriculture. The grantee listed for this patent is The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of Agriculture. Invention is credited to Craig A. Ledbetter.
United States Patent |
PP30,126 |
Ledbetter |
January 22, 2019 |
Gravevine named `Solbrio`
Abstract
A new and distinct variety of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
named `Solbrio`, particularly characterized by its black skin color
of crisp textured and naturally large sized berries; consistent
fruit production on spur-pruned vines; and maturing during late
July in California's Central San Joaquin Valley.
Inventors: |
Ledbetter; Craig A. (Clovis,
CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of
Agriculture |
Washington |
DC |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
The United States of America, as
Represented by the Secretary of Agriculture (Washington,
DC)
|
Appl.
No.: |
15/731,420 |
Filed: |
June 6, 2017 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20180352695 P1 |
Dec 6, 2018 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/205 |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/08 (20180101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/205 |
Other References
UC IPM Identification:Characteristics of Broadleaves Leaf shape
2016, retrieved on May 3, 2018, retrieved from the Internet at
http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/WEEDS/ID/broadshps.html, one page. (Year:
2016). cited by examiner.
|
Primary Examiner: Hwu; June
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fado; John Atkinson; Ariel
Claims
We claim:
1. A new and distinct cultivar of grapevine substantially as
illustrated and described, characterized by its consistent and
productive bearing of large-sized berries without the use of
gibberellic acid bloom or sizing sprays, early-season fruit
harvest, its consistent and productive bearing of fruit from
spur-pruned vines and its mature berries having an attractive black
skin with crisp and crunchy flesh texture and a sweet neutral
flavor.
Description
Latin name of genus and species of the plant claimed: `Solbrio` is
a new grapevine plant that is Vitis vinifera L.
Variety denomination: The new grapevine plant claimed is of the
cultivar denomination `Solbrio`.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of
table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) known as Vitis vinifera L. and
herein referred to as `Solbrio`, as herein described and
illustrated.
`Solbrio` is particularly characterized by its black skin color of
crisp textured and naturally large sized berries; consistent fruit
production on spur-pruned vines; and maturing during late July in
California's Central San Joaquin Valley.
The new cultivar is a result of a controlled pollination, conducted
by the inventor in Parlier, Calif. The objective of the planned
hybridization was to develop a new V. vinifera cultivar having a
desirable combination of characteristics that would facilitate the
cultivation of the table grape for producers and satisfy consumers
with fruit of high eating quality such as firm, crisp flesh and
sweet neutral flavor.
The new and distinct variety of grape plant originated from a
hand-pollinated cross of ARS selection B55-70 (non-patented) x ARS
selection C49-3 (non-patented) made in 2004 in Parlier, Calif.
B55-70 is a black-skinned seedless grape selection with average
skin thickness, flesh firmness and berry size that typically ripens
in mid-September in the Central San Joaquin Valley. It has a
noticeable seed trace, making it suitable as a seed parent for
seedless.times.seedless ovule culture. The pollen parent, C49-3, is
characterized as having black skin with a large berry size, firm
flesh, and a very small seed trace. C49-3 typically ripens a week
prior to B55-70. Both parents of `Solbrio` are hybrids of the grape
genus and species Vitis vinifera L. Immature seed resulting from
the controlled hybridization of B55-70 x C49-3 were harvested
approximately six weeks after pollination and established in vitro,
eventually germinating in the laboratory during the fall of 2004.
Resulting seedlings were planted in the spring of 2005 in Parlier,
Calif. Seedlings from the controlled hybridization began fruiting
during the summer of 2006 and one, designated `Solbrio`, was
identified for its early ripening attractive black seedless fruit
with firm, crisp flesh and neutral flavor, and selected for
propagation and evaluation.
During 2007, the original selected plant `Solbrio` was propagated
asexually by rooting hardwood cuttings during the dormant period
and a test plot of 27 vines was established in the Parlier, Calif.
vineyard. All asexually propagated plants of `Solbrio` have been
observed to grow true to type after propagation, in both vegetative
and fruiting characteristics, as compared with the original
selected mother vine.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The following combination of traits have been observed annually on
fruiting `Solbrio` vines and are determined to be unique
characteristics of `Solbrio`, distinguishing it as a new and
distinct cultivar: 1. Consistent and productive bearer of
large-sized berries without the use of gibberellic acid bloom or
sizing sprays. 2. Early-season fruit harvest, typically during the
last week of July, in the Central San Joaquin Valley of Calif. 3.
Consistent and productive bearer of fruit from spur-pruned vines.
4. Mature berries having an attractive black skin with crisp and
crunchy flesh texture and a sweet neutral flavor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS
The accompanying photographs illustrate the overall appearance of
the new `Solbrio` table grape cultivar at nine years of age,
showing the colors as true as is reasonably possible with colored
reproductions of this type. Colors in the photos may differ
slightly from the color values cited in the detailed botanical
description, which accurately describe the color of `Solbrio`. The
colors shown are as true as can be reasonably obtained by
conventional photographic procedure.
FIG. 1 shows dormant mature canes of `Solbrio` with their natural
coloration. The smooth surface texture of the mature canes is also
evident.
FIG. 2 shows the lower half of a `Solbrio` trunk. Natural
coloration of the trunk bark, both undisturbed and sun-bleached as
well as after having the shaggy bark stripped from the trunk, are
evident in the figure
FIG. 3 depicts the curvature in young shoot tips of `Solbrio`. Also
evident from this figure are the glabrous upper surfaces of young
leaves and the red streaking of young stem internodes and tendril
tips on sun exposed surfaces.
FIG. 4 shows the general cuneiform 5-lobe leaf shape of a `Solbrio`
mature leaf. Also evident from this figure are the glabrous upper
leaf surface, the Lyre-shaped half open petiole sinus and the
serrated leaf margin having both sides strait and both sides
convex.
FIG. 5 shows the typical crop load for `Solbrio` from a spur pruned
vine. Evident in this figure are the abundant bloom present on
`Solbrio` berries and the trunk color after shaggy bark has been
removed.
FIG. 6 shows the general conical shape of `Solbrio` fruit clusters.
Also evident in this figure are the medium berry density of mature
fruit clusters, the smooth and glabrous texture of the peduncle and
the abundant bloom present on the elliptic berries.
FIG. 7 shows 12 berries of `Solbrio` in profile. Evident from this
figure is the smooth surface texture of the elliptic shaped berries
with the bloom removed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The new `Solbrio` grapevine has not been observed growing under all
possible environmental conditions. The phenotype of the new
cultivar may vary with variations in environment (temperature
extremes, degree hour accumulation, light intensity and
availability, soil type & fertility) without any genotypic
changes in the grapevine.
The previously mentioned figures along with the following measured
characters describe the vegetative and reproductive organs of
`Solbrio` as grown in Parlier, Calif. under cultural conditions
closely approximating those generally used in commercial table
grape production. The description is believed to apply to vines of
the new `Solbrio` cultivar grown under similar conditions of soil
and climate elsewhere. However, measurements of any individual vine
or group of vines of the new `Solbrio` cultivar may vary from the
stated averages.
In a comparison with parental accessions B55-70 (seed parent) and
C49-3 (pollen parent), the new cultivar `Solbrio` differs primarily
in the characters listed below in Table 1:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 SEED NEW POLLEN PARENT CULTIVAR PARENT
CHARACTER B55-70 Solbrio C49-3 RIPENING TIME Mid Late July Early
September September SEED TRACE SIZE Detectable Non-detectable
Non-detectable EATING QUALITY Average Very good Average
FRUITFULNESS Average High Average PEDICLE Average Average Robust
THICKNESS
Of the many commercial table grape cultivars known to the inventor,
the most similar in comparison to the new cultivar `Solbrio` is
`Summer Royal`. The new cultivar `Solbrio` is compared with `Summer
Royal` using UPOV descriptors for the nine phenological, vegetative
and fruit characters listed below in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 NEW COMMERCIAL UPOV UPOV CULTIVAR CULTIVAR
CHARACTER CODE Solbrio Summer Royal TIME OF BUD BURST 1 Early*
Medium SHOOT: LENGTH 17 Very long Long OF TENDRIL MATURE LEAF:
PROFILE 21 Flat V-shaped IN CROSS SECTION MATURE LEAF: DEPTH 24
Very shallow Medium OF UPPER LATERAL SINUSES MATURE LEAF: SHAPE OF
25 Open Slightly UPPER LATERAL SINUSES overlapped ANTHOCYANIN
COLOR- 31 Absent Very strong ATION OF MAIN VEINS ON MATURE LEAF
UPPER SURFACE BUNCH: SIZE 36 Medium Large BUNCH: LENGTH OF 38 Short
Medium PEDUNCLE BERRY SHAPE 40 Elliptic Circular *Descriptors of
UPOV characters for `Solbrio` and `Summer Royal` as referenced in
`Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity
and stability. Grapevine (Vitis L.)` TG/50/8, Grapevine, 1999 Mar.
24.
Morphological details of the new `Solbrio` table grape cultivar
were collected during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons when vines
were eight and nine years old, respectively. Evaluated vines were
grown on their own roots. Twenty-seven own rooted vines of
`Solbrio` were available for collection of data for the detailed
description presented below. Color code designations are provided
by reference to Dictionary of Color, A. Maerz and M. R. Paul,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., (1930). This description is in
accordance with UPOV terminology. Color designations, color
descriptions and other phenotypical descriptions may deviate from
the stated values and descriptions depending upon variation in
environmental, seasonal, climatic and cultural conditions. Mature
canes: Size.--Diameter -- Mature dormant canes -- Medium diameter,
medium vigor, semi-drooping in growth habit. Mature
canes.--Diameter -- Internode Base -- approximately 10.7 mm. Mature
canes.--Diameter -- Internode Midpoint -- approximately 9.0 mm.
Mature canes.--Diameter -- Internode Tip -- approximately 3.8 mm.
Mature canes.--Diameter -- Node Base -- approximately 12.7 mm.
Mature canes.--Diameter -- Node Midpoint -- approximately 10.8 mm.
Mature canes.--Diameter -- Node Tip -- approximately 5.6 mm.
Internode length.--Base -- Approximately 7.3 cm. Internode
length.--Midpoint -- Approximately 11.0 cm. Internode length.--Tip
-- Approximately 5.9 cm. Average length of canes.--Approximately
338 cm, range 241 cm-487 cm. Average number of
nodes/cane.--Approximately 41, range 30-61. Surface
texture.--Smooth. (FIG. 1). Color of mature cane.--Plate 14 C8
(Mocha bisque). Shape of mature cane.--Round. Dormant buds: Bud
color.--Plate 15 C11 (Cocoa brown). Bud texture.--Smooth. Dormant
bud (compound bud or eye).--Width -- At base of cane approximately
5.0 mm; at midpoint of cane approximately 5.8 mm and at tip of cane
approximately 4.4 mm. The average number of buds on a current,
single-season growth cane is approximately 41. Date of bud
break.--Approximately 1 Mar. 2016. Vine: Size.--Medium. Grapevine
size was determined on grapevines growing on a three cross arm `T`
trellis with the top cross arm approximately 122 cm long, being set
approximately 193 cm above the ground; the middle cross arm
approximately 107 cm long, being set approximately 161 cm above the
ground; and the lower cross arm approximately 91 cm long, being set
approximately 128 cm above the ground. Trunk: Size.--Medium.
Size.--Height -- Approximately 103 cm above the soil surface,
ranging from 79-124 cm. Size.--Trunk cross sectional area --
Approximately 82.1 cm.sup.2 (ranging from 46-118 cm.sup.2) as
measured at 66 cm above the soil surface. Bark.--Color --
Undisturbed appearance after sun-bleaching in the vineyard. Plate
56 E3. Appearance after shaggy sun-bleached bark has been stripped
from trunk. Plate 7 A11 (Vandyke Brown) (FIG. 2). Shoots: Young
shoot tips.--Unopened meristematic leaves are covered with white
felty indument. Red coloration (Plate 7 J4) is evident in teeth on
young leaf margins and in young tendril tips. Diameter of young
shoots in spring.--(Measured when shoot length is approximately
10-14 inches). At base approximately 6.4 mm, at midpoint
approximately 5.5 mm and at tip approximately 3.2 mm. Internode
length.--Approximately 6.5 cm at 4.sup.th internode from base.
Young shoots.--Color. Plate 21 L8 with slight red streaking on sun
exposed side. Interstem of shoot tip.--Color Plate 20 L9 (Eden
Green) with slight red streaking on sun exposed side (FIG. 3).
Shoot shape.--Generally slightly curved at tip. Shoot tip.--Form
Fully open. Leaves: Mature.-- Size.--Leaves simple and alternate.
The mid vein (L1) is approximately 15.5 cm long, vein L2 is
approximately 12.4 cm long and vein L3 is approximately 8.2 cm
long. The angles between leaf veins are as follows: L1/L2 is
approximately 40 degrees, L1/L3 is approximately 82 degrees and
L1/1.sup.st vein departing from L3 is approximately 124 degrees.
Average blade length.--Approximately 15.5 cm. Average blade
width.--Approximately 16.5 cm. Shape.--Cuneiform (FIG. 4). Lobe
number.--Approximately 5. Color.--Upper surface Plate 23 E11
(Monticello Green) Upper surface is glabrous and generally smooth.
Color.--Lower surface Plate 21 L8. Lower surface is glabrous with
few short erect hairs on sides of leaf veins at junction of petiole
and leaf blade. Leaf vein.--Color (as apparent on lower leaf
surface) Plate 18 H4. No red pigmentation on veins of leaf. Leaf
vein.--Thickness L1 vein thickness at center of leaf is
approximately 1.74 mm Leaf margin.--Serrated with teeth shape being
a mixture of both sides strait and both sides convex. Mature leaf
teeth are generally short to medium in length. Petiole sinus.--Lyre
shaped and half open. On mature leaves, sinus depth is
approximately 3.7 cm and 3.6 cm at its widest point. Petiole
size.--Medium. Petiole diameter.--Approximately 3.1 mm. Petiole
length.--Approximately 12.2 cm. Petiole color.--Plate 18 L8 (Eve
green). Young leaves: Color.--Upper surface Plate 14 L1 (Palmleaf)
Upper surface is glabrous. Color.--Lower surface Plate 23 L3
(Hellebore Green) Lower surface is glabrous with few short erect
hairs on sides of leaf veins at junction of petiole and leaf blade.
Shape unfolded.--Concave. Petiole.--Color Plate 20 L7 with slight
red striping along length of petiole. Stipules.--Paper-like and
diminutive. Tendrils: Tendril size.--Length -- approximately 28.4
cm. Tendril size.--Diameter -- as measured just distil of first
fork juncture of tendril, approximately 2.41 mm. Tendril
shape.--Usually trifurcated and curled on distil ends. Tendril
pattern.--Beginning with first tendrils found on nodes 7 and 8,
followed by tendrils occurring on nodes 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17,
with this intermittent pattern repeating to the distil end of the
cane. Young tendril color.--Plate 19 L6 (Calliste Green). Flowers:
Flower size.--Medium. Unopened flower.--Length -- Approximately
3.44 mm. Unopened flower.--Diameter -- Approximately 1.91 mm.
Unopened flower.--Surface texture -- smooth. Date of bloom.--First
bloom -- About 20 Apr. 2016. Date of bloom.--Full bloom -- About 28
Apr. 2016 at 80%. Inflorescence.--Panicle. Cluster size.--During
bloom -- generally medium. Cluster length.--Approximately 12.8 cm.
Cluster width.--Approximately 5.9 cm. Peduncle
length.--Approximately 4.4 cm. Peduncle diameter.--The immature
peduncle is not round, but is essentially angular, creating two
distinct sides. Small side diameter is approximately 3.09 mm, large
side diameter is approximately 4.12 mm and the large side: small
side diameter ratio is approximately 1.33. Shape of
cluster.--Generally conical. Calyptra color.--Plate 19 K8.
Sex.--Hermaphroditic. Stamens.--Five per flower and erect. Ovary
color.--Plate 20 J11. Pollen.--Normal, fertile, abundant.
Anthers.--Color -- Plate 10 I1 (Reed Yellow). Fruit: Maturity when
described.--Ripe for commercial harvesting and shipment
approximately third week of July in Parlier, Calif. (FIG. 5).
Cluster size.--Spur pruned vines, approximately 408 g. Cluster
length.--Approximately 20.5 cm. Cluster width.--Approximately 11.1
cm. Cluster shape.--Generally conical, occasionally with a wing
(FIG. 6). Cluster density.--Medium density, on average clusters
have 60 berries per cluster. Clusters per vine.--Approximately 59,
spur pruned vines. Clusters per shoot.--Approximately 2.1 clusters
per shoot, spur pruned vines. Peduncle: Size.--Length Approximately
3.95 cm. Size.--Diameter Approximately 4.79 mm. Color.--Plate 19
L7. Texture.--Smooth and glabrous. Pedicel: Good attachment between
berry and pedicel. Size.--Length Approximately 9.2 mm.
Size.--Diameter Approximately 2.2 mm. Color.--Plate 19 L5 (Cosse
green). Texture.--Glabrous, somewhat bumpy surface with a few brown
lenticels. Brush.--Length Approximately 3.18 mm. Brush.--Color
Plate 55 L8 (Rubient). Berry: Size.--Large, approximately 8.1 g.
Shape.--Elliptic (FIG. 7). Length.--Approximately 2.97 cm.
Diameter.--Approximately 2.19 cm. Color.--Plate 40, E3 bloom
removed from skin. Bloom.--Abundant. Skin: Skin adheres well to the
berry flesh. Thickness.--Medium thickness. Texture.--Smooth.
Tendency to crack.--None. Flesh: Texture.--Crisp and crunchy. Juice
production.--Moderate. Color of flesh.--Generally translucent,
Plate 45, A6, with traces of anthocyanin coloration, Plate 47, L7,
along central floral axis and beneath berry skin. Color of
juice.--Clear. Flavor.--Sweet and neutral flavor. Soluble
solids.--Approximately 18.4%. Titratable acidity.--Approximately
0.47 g/100 ml juice. Aroma.--None. Ripening.--Uniform ripening
throughout clusters. Eating quality.--Very good. Disease
resistance: Susceptible to powdery mildew. Fungicides were applied
to evaluated grapevines to control powdery mildew. Insect
resistance: No known resistances to insects. Evaluated grapevines
were treated with insecticides to control leafhoppers. Resistance
to heat/cold: New cultivar `Solbrio` has only been tested in the
central San Joaquin Valley where it performs well. Its performance
is unknown when cultured in early regions where it is exposed to
high heat. Similarly, the cold hardiness of `Solbrio` has not been
evaluated. Character of seeds: Stenospermocarpic seedless berries,
averaging 1.4 small aborted seed traces per berry which are not
noticeable when eaten. When present, average seed trace size is
approximately 2.6 mg mass, 3.2 mm in length and 1.6 mm in width.
Seed trace color is Plate 47 J4. Use: Fresh market table grape. New
cultivar `Solbrio` has not been evaluated for wine or raisin
qualities. Keeping quality: Very good.
Shipping and handling qualities: Harvested clusters ship and handle
well with very little berry shatter.
Although the new cultivar `Solbrio` possesses the described
characters noted above as a result of growing conditions prevailing
in Parlier, Calif. in the Central San Joaquin Valley of Calif., it
is to be understood that the characteristics described above are
subject to variations of the usual magnitude based on growing
conditions, vine training, irrigation and fertilization, pruning,
pest control and climatic variation.
* * * * *
References