U.S. patent number PP27,475 [Application Number 12/661,271] was granted by the patent office on 2016-12-20 for cannabis plant named `ecuadorian sativa`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to KUBBY PATENT AND LICENSES, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY. The grantee listed for this patent is Steven Wynn Kubby. Invention is credited to Steven Wynn Kubby.
United States Patent |
PP27,475 |
Kubby |
December 20, 2016 |
Cannabis plant named `Ecuadorian Sativa`
Abstract
Unique herbaceous annual `Cannabis sativa` female plants, having
numerous glandular flowers in a congested and elongated
inflorescence, hollow stems a characteristic of the fiber-producing
strains of `Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa` but absent in strains of
`Cannabis sativa ssp. indica.` The plants are intoxicating,
characteristic of `Cannabis sativa, ssp. indica`, but absent in
subspecies sativa. The new strain has energizing and motivating
psychoactive effects as opposed to the lethargy normally associated
with ssp. indica and show hypotensive effects. Morphologically, the
plants have a few branched hairs on the stem that are not
characteristic of the species, but are ordinary in most other
respects.
Inventors: |
Kubby; Steven Wynn (South Lake
Tahoe, CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Kubby; Steven Wynn |
South Lake Tahoe |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
KUBBY PATENT AND LICENSES, LIMITED
LIABILITY COMPANY (Burnet, TX)
|
Family
ID: |
57322230 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/661,271 |
Filed: |
March 13, 2010 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/263.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
5/12 (20130101); A01H 5/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/263.1 |
Other References
Forapani et al. Comparison of Hemp Varieties Using Random Amplified
Polymorphic DNA Markers. Crop Science 41:1682-1689 (2001). cited by
examiner .
Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Cannabis
and Cannabis
Products.http://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/ST-NAR-40-Ebo-
ok.pdf 2009. cited by examiner.
|
Primary Examiner: Para; Annette
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Jacobson Holman, PLLC.
Claims
It is claimed:
1. A new and distinct cultivar of `Cannabis` plant, as shown and
described.
Description
The Cannabis plant named `Ecuadorian Sativa` having a laboratory
name of `CTS-A` a variety of a cross between `Cannabis sativa; ssp.
Sativa` and `Cannabis sativa ssp. Indica (Lam.)`.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a novel hybrid of a cross between
individuals thought to be of the two subspecies of `Cannabis sativa
L.`, `Cannabis sativa; ssp. sativa` and `Cannabis sativa ssp.
Indica`.
HISTORICAL NOTE
Human cultivation history of Cannabis dates back 8000 years.
Schultes, R E. 1970. Random thoughts and queries on the botany of
Cannabis. Pages 11-38 in: CRB Joyce, and SH Curry eds., THE BOTANY
AND CHEMISTRY OF CANNABIS. J. & A. Churchill. London, England.
Hemp cloth recovered in Europe dates back 6000 years. (Small, E,
Beckstead, H D, and Chan, A, 29(3) ECONOMIC BOTANY 29(3): 219-232
(1975). The written record of the pharmacologic properties of
Cannabis goes back more than 4000 years. Ti, H. 2737 BC. NEI JING
SU WEN HUANG TI (Yellow Emperor's Classic on Internal Medicine;
referred to without citation in Small et al. 1975 Supra).
The taxonomy and nomenclature of the highly variable genus Cannabis
(Emboden, W A, 29(3) ECONOMIC BOTANY 304-310 (1974)); (Small, E and
Cronquist, A, 25(4) TAXON 405-435 (1976)); Small E and Cronquist, A
26(1) TAXON 110 (1977)); (Hillig, K W and Mahlberg, P G, 91(6)
American Journal of Botany 966-975 (2004)), remains in question.
This is in spite of the fact that its formal scientific name,
`Cannabis sativa L.`, assigned by Carolus Linneaus (Linnaeus, C, 2
SPECIES PLANTARUM 1027 (1753), Salvius, Stockholm. Facsimile
edition, 1957-1959. Ray Society, London, U.K.), is one of the
oldest established names in botanical history and is still accepted
to this day. Another species in the genus, `Cannabis indica Lam.`
was formally named somewhat later (de Lamarck, J B, 1(2)
ENCYCLOPEDIE METHODIQUE DE BOTANIQUE, 694-5,(1785)), but is still
very old in botanical history.
Three other species names were proposed in the 1800s to distinguish
plants with presumably different characteristics (C. macrosperma
Stokes, C. chinensis Delile, C gigantean Vilmorin), none of which
are accepted today, although the epithet "indica" lives on as a
subspecies of C. sativa (`C. sativa ssp. indica Lam.`. Small and
Cronquist 1976 Supra).
In the 20th century, two new names were added to the liturgy of
proposed `Cannabis species: C. ruderalis` Janischevsky and a
hybrid, .times.`C. intersita` Sojak. Small, E, Jui, P Y, and
Lefkovitch, L P, 1(1) SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 1(1): 67-84 (1976); Small
and Cronquist 1976, Supra. Further, numerous names have been
proposed for horticultural variants of `Cannabis` but as of 1976,
"very few of these have been validly published as formal taxa under
the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature." Small and
Cronquist 1976 Supra. Moreover, other recent work continues to
focus on higher-order evolutionary relationships of the genus.
Cannabis has been variously ascribed as belonging to the mulberry
family (Moraceae) (Engler, H G A, Ulmaceae, Moraceae and
Urticaceae, pages 59-118 (1889) in: A. Engler and K. Prantl eds.,
DIE NATURLICHEN PFLANZENFAMILIEN 3(1). W. Engelmann, Leipzig,
Germany; Judd, W S, Sanders, R W, and Donoghue, M J, 5 HARVARD
PAPERS IN BOTANY 5: 1-51 (1994)); nettle family
(Urticaceae) (Berg, CC, Systematics and phylogeny of the Urticales,
pages 193-220, in: P.R. Crane and S. Blackmore eds., EVOLUTION,
SYSTEMATIC, AND FOSSIL HISTORY OF THE HAMAMELIDAE, VOL. 2, HIGHER
HAMAMELIDAE, Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K. (1989); Humpries, C J
and Blackmore, S, A review of the classification of the Morcaceae,
pages 267-277 In: Crane and Blackmore 1989 id.); and most recently
in its own family with hops (Humulus), the Cannabaceae, or hemp
family. Sytsma, K J, et al, 89(9) AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
1531-1546 (2002).). While the work of Small and Cronquist 1976
Supra, seemed to effectively confine the genus to a single species
with 2 subspecies (C. sativa s., C. s. indica), each with two
varieties (C. s. s. var. sativa, C. s. s. var. spontanea; C. s. i.
var. indica, C. s. i. var. Kafiristanica) largely on the basis of
chemotaxonomy and interfertility of all forms, more recent work
(Systma et al. 2002, Supra), proposes a two-species concept,
resurrecting the binomial C. indica Lam. Since Sytsma et al. 2002
provides no key for discriminating between the species, the
dichotomous key of Small and Cronquist 1976 Supra, which accounts
for all forms in nature, whether wild or domesticated, was used to
classify the characteristics of the plants described herein.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objective of the breeding program which produced the novel
plant of this invention was primarily to develop a plant having the
following characteristics: (a) medicinal properties that included
hypotensive activity; (b) psychoactive properties that motivated
and energized, rather than creating lethargy, sleepiness, and
increased food consumption.
The biologically active chemicals found in plants, phytochemicals,
affect the normal structure or function of the human body and in
some cases treat disease. The mechanisms for the medicinal and
psychoactive properties of a cannabis plant, like any medicinal
herb, are the pharmacologic effects of its phytochemicals and for a
medical cannabis plant, the key phytochemicals are cannabinoids and
terpenes. Tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, is the primary psychoactive
and medicinal cannabinoid and is the result of the decarboxylation
of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THC-A), its acidic precursor.
THC-A,
(6ar,10ar)-1-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6h-be-
nzochromene-2-carboxylic acid, is found in the trichomes of the
plant and converted into THC, which actually exists in only minute
quantities in the living plant, after harvest and drying.
Cannabigerol (CBG), Resorcinol,
2-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-5-pentyl-, is not considered
psychoactive, is known to block the psychoactive effects of THC.
and is considered medically active in a variety of conditions. Its
precursor, cannabigerolic acid, CBG-A,
(E)-3-(3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-pentylbenzoic
acid, is being studied medically. Cannabichromene, CBC, and
cannabidiol, CBD, are both non-psychoactive and end products of CBG
metaolism, like THC, that are used medically Cannabichromenic acid;
CBC-A,
5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-7-pentyl-chromene-6-carboxylic
acid, is acidic cannabichromene.
`Equadorian Sativa` has been shown by laboratory testing by
Steephill Labs to contain cannabinoid CBG-A at 2.49 mg/g,
tetrahydrocannibidiol THC-A at 139.46 mg/g, THC at 2.24 mg/g and
cannabinoid CBC-A at 1.75 mg/g. `Equadorian Sativa` cannabinoid
content is dominated by its high content of THC (2.24 mg/g) and
THC-A (139.46 mg/g).
Most varieties of high potency cannabis contain large quantities of
three specific terpenes as well as various assortments of others.
Those three terpenes are Beta-Myrcene, Beta Caryophyllene and
Linalool. For instance, the variety CT3 has a profile with a high
level of Beta-Myrcene, a moderate amount of Beta Caryophyllene and
a small amount of Linalool, and a moderate amount of Limonene.
`Equadorian Sativa` has an unusual complement of terpenes. There
are small levels of Beta Myrcene, Beta Caryophyllene and Linalool,
but the Limonene level is extraordinarily high at a level of 4.53,
10 to 20 times the usual range. This sets `Equadorian Sativa` apart
from other varieties in its odor, the effects on mood and mentation
and its medical qualities.
Physically, there are indications that its use may prevent some
cancers and may cause apoptosis of cancer cells in vivo. There is a
good possibility that the high levels of limonene may slow down the
build-up of plaque in the arteries and reduce the effect of
low-density lipo-proteins on the circulatory system. Indications
are that `Equadorian Sativa` has many medical qualities that make
it an important tool to maintain health and deal with illness.
The inventor cultivated various strains of `Cannabis sativa` in an
effort to create a strain best suited to control his own disorder.
This plant was derived from a female said to be of a strain called
colloquially, `Celestial Temple Sativa` an individual grown in
Ecuador that reached a height of 23 ft (7 m), and was of the
typical subspecies, `Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa`. The male parent
is said to have been of a strain known colloquially as `island
sweet skunk` and reportedly to belonged to the subspecies `Cannabis
sativa ssp. indica (Lam.)`. Small and Cronquist 1976 Supra. Neither
`Celestial Temple Sativa` nor `island sweet skunk` has been
patented in the United States or elsewhere, nor are they the
subject of any pending patent applications of which the inventor is
aware.
The particular plant disclosed herein was discovered in the area
where the inventor was intentionally cross-pollinating and
cultivating plants of cross between `Celestial Temple Sativa` and
`island sweet skunk` described above using standard Mendelian
breeding procedures well known to those of ordinary skill in the
art. This resulted in the F1 generation of the inventor's cross,
named `Pleadian`. It was in the proximity of plants of the
`Pleadian` variety that had become hermaphroditic, in the
inventor's garden in Lake Tahoe Calif. that he discovered one
female plant that could only be reproduced assexually, by taking
cuttings and that plant is the origin of this remarkable new
strain. The female plant was discovered in a section of the
inventor's hydroponic garden. The plant has been and continues to
be assexually reproduced by cutting at the inventor's garden in
Lake Tahoe Calif.
Comparison of the Steephill Laboratory terpenoid/cannabinoid
profiles of `Equadorian sativa` with other plants with the same
parents, `island sweet skunk` and `Celestial Temple Sativa` reveals
that this plant, `Equadorian sativa` has a phenotypically unique
profile, particular insofar as its levels of limonene. Two plants
with the same parents were known by the laboratory names of CTK and
CT3 and `Equadorian sativa` was tested by the laboratory name of
CTA. Limonene found in `Equadorian sativa`, were 45.35 mg/g while
CTK and CT3 were only 2.24 mg/g and 1.03 mg/g respectfully.
`Equadorian sativa` was shown to have substantially lower levels of
cannabigerolic acid (CBG-A). cannabigerol (CBG) and Beta-Myrcene.
`Equadorian sativa` had levels of only 2.49 mg/g of CBG-A while CTK
had 6.1 mg/g CBG-A and CT3 had 8.13 mg/g of CBG-A. `Equadorian
sativa` had only 0.001 mg/g of CBG while CTK had 0.3 mg/g CBG and
CT3 had 0.54 mg/g of CBG. `Equadorian sativa` had only 1.1 mg/g
Beta-Myrcene while CTK had 12.01 mg/g Beta-Myrcene and CT3 had
11.44 mg/g Beta-Myrcene.
This data is presented in tabular form in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Plant CTA CTK CT3 Terpinoid or Cannabinoid
mg/g mg/g mg/g CBG-A 2.49 6.1 8.31 CBG 0.001 0.3 0.54 Beta Myrcene
1.1 12.02 11.44 Limonene 45.35 2.24 1.03
Asexual reproduction, colloqually known as "cloning" is a process
well known to those of ordinary skill in the art of gardening and
includes the following steps:
Step 1: From the female plant whose genetic profile is sought to be
exactly reproduced, a 1''- 2'' cutting is taken;
Step 2: The cutting of the desired plant and is placed in a rooting
solution that may be water, or a B1 vitamin that is generally the
content of a rooting or cloning powder or gel;
Step 3: The cutting and rooting solution are placed into a rooting
medium such as rock wool and RAPID ROOTER.RTM. a peat moss product
available at hydroponics stores, gardening supply stores, and from
many Internet merchants and must be water retaining so that the
roots can take water up into the leaves; Step 4: The cutting in
rooting solution and rooting medium is placed under a humidity dome
that may be an inverted plastic cup or is available in kits 1'-2'
long with a clear plastic dome to keep the humidity as high as
possible to avoid the leaves drying before the cutting roots to
insure viability; Step 5: A a fluorescent light is placed just over
the humidity dome that may be a generic work light available at
hardware stores; Step 6: One to two times a day, the humidity dome
is removed for 30 seconds to insure the exchange of depleted air
with fresh air to replenish the CO2. Step 7: After maintaining this
cutting in this manner, keeping the rooting medium wet at all
times, for 5-14 days until root formation Step 8: The rooted plants
are maintained under flourescent high intensity lights in a
soil-less medium, with standard hydroponic fertilizers, for 14
weeks; The plant observed and identified in the photographs was
cultivated in this manner at a temperature between 76 and 80
degrees Fahrenheit and was 14 weeks of age. The new plant differs
from its parents and related cultivars in that it has energizing
and motivating psychoactive effects as opposed to the lethargy
normally associated with ssp. indica and the instant plant also
shows hypotensive effects.
Observation of the all female progeny of the original plant has
demonstrated that this new and distinct variety has fulfilled the
objectives and that its distinctive characteristics are firmly
fixed and hold true from generation to generation vegetatively
propagated from the original plant.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS
The accompanying photographs illustrate the overall appearance of
the new `Equadorian sativa` plants. These photographs show the
colors as true as it is reasonably possible to obtain in
reproductions of this type. Colors in the photographs may differ
slightly from the color values cited in the detailed botanical
description which accurately describe the colors of the new
plant.
Sheet 1 `Cannabis CTS-A` shows the flower of the `Equadorian
sativa` plant in the midst of leaves from above.
The photograph at the bottom of the Sheet 2, `Cannabis CTS-A`
comprises a close-up view of the flowering plant of `Equadorian
sativa`;
Sheet 3, `Cannabis CTS-A` comprises a slightly oblique and very
close view of the `Equadorian sativa`.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
The following is a detailed description of the new cultivar of
`Equadorian sativa`. The plant: Type (life form and
habit).--Herbaceous tap-rooted annual. Classification.--Cultivars
of `Cannabis sativa`, possessing traits of the subspecies, `C.
sativa ssp.. indica (Lam.)` When navigating the key of Small and
Cronquist, Id., the first couplet separates individuals based on
their ability to intoxicate. This cultivated line possesses
intoxicating properties, and so the subspecies sativa and its
varieties (var. sativa and spontanea) are eliminated from
consideration. Within the next couplet distinguishing within the
subspecies indica, fruits are required to separate between the
varieties (var. indica and var. kafiristanica). No fruits were
found on any of the individuals observed, and so discrimination
between the varieties is impossible with this key. Nevertheless,
cross-section of the stem revealed that the stem is hollow, a
characteristic known to occur with the fiber-producing strains of
C. sativa ssp. sativa, and thought to be absent from the
intoxicating taxa in the genus. As such, these plants appear to be
hybrids of the two subspecies of `Cannabis sativa`, e.g., `C.
sativa s.` and `C. s. indica`. Origin, form, and growth
characteristics: Origin.--Whole Plant Natural Mutation of the F1
cultivar Pleadian. Propagation.--The strain is perpetuated solely
by cuttings. Mature habit.--Tap-rooted annual, with extensive
fibrous root system, upright and much branched aerial portion of
plant. The growth form of all cloned individuals seen (n=10) was
highly manipulated by systematic removal of terminal buds, inducing
a greater branching habit. Overall size in this form varies in the
population from 1.6-1.9 m tall and 0.3-0.4 m across at their widest
point. Many petiole scars on stems from systematic removal of large
shade leaves. In this habit, these are obviously very vigorous
annual herbs. Growth.--Very vigorous annuals herbs. Foliage:
Leaves. Arrangement.--Alternate. Form.--Palmately compound, (3) 5-7
(9) linear-lanceolate leaflets with glandular hairs.
Size.--Remaining (those still present when plants were observed)
shade leaves, whole. Leaf (with petiole).--18-20 cm long; middle
(largest) leaflet 10-12 cm long, 2.8 cm wide. Margins.--Coarsely
serrate. Color.--Top -- dark green, Pantone PMS 364. Color.--Bottom
-- light green, Pantone PMS 377. Veins, bottom.--Pronounced midrib,
with straight axial branches at about 45.degree. angle, toward
distal end of leaflet. Color.--Light green, Pantone PMS 377.
Petiole.--Length: 9-10 cm at maturity. Color.--Light green, Pantone
PMS 377 as in the lower leaf surfaces. Stipules.--Sometimes present
at base of petiole, 0.5 cm long, bulbous bases, acuminate (tapering
concave to apex). Aroma.--Strongly mephitic, with hints of
limonene, a cyclic terpene in Pinus ponderosa. Stem: Hollow, large,
rugose, punctuate, minutely glandular, ribbed, with ribs running
parallel to stem, 2.0-2.5 cm diameter at base. Color.--Bottom --
light green, Pantone PMS 377. A few eglandular branched hairs.
Height.--1.5-1.9 m at anthesis following heavy pruning regime in
cultivation. Inflorescence: Blooming habit.--Elongated compound
cymes or panicles, forming spikes from 0.3-0.5 m in length, densely
packed with individual small pistillate flowers subtended by small
leaves, these with densely packed capitate glandular trichomes.
Flowers: Corolla.--Petals and calyx unified and collectively
appressed to and surrounding the ovary. Color.--Light green,
Pantone 372. Diameter.--Individual pistillate flowers 2-3 mm, cyme
5-10 cm diameter. Shape.--Urceolate (urn-shaped). Involucral
bracts.--Absent, but two highly glandular, urceolate bracteoles
enclose the flower. Calyces.--Appressed to the base of the ovary
with the corolla as a unified perianth. Color.--Green, Pantone PMS
364. Filaments.--N/A -- no staminate flowers observed.
Stigma.--Length 5-7 mm, ca. 1 mm wide at base, tapering to distal
end. Densely covered with minute (<1 mm) soft, straight hairs.
Color.--Lemony white, Pantone PMS 372, drying slowly to red from
apex to base after anthesis. Number.--2. Staminate column.--N/A --
no staminate flowers observed. Fruit.--An achene in this genus;
however, no fruits were seen as all pistillate flowers were
sterile. Pollen.--N/A -- no staminate flowers observed. Color: N/A
-- no staminate flowers observed. Petalage.--The plant is
essentially without petals (apetalous); these fused and appressed
to the base of the ovary with the calyx as the perianth. Flowers:
Pedicel.--flowers are essentially sessile (attached directly to the
stem), and as such have no pedicel. The color chart referenced is
standard hexadecimal Web Pantone Color Chart well known to those of
ordinary skill in Internet web site design. General characteristics
and culture: Blooming period.--Cuttings after rooting will bloom in
9-11 weeks when <12 hrs light applied to induce flowering.
Hardiness.--Probably fairly hardy; however, hardiness in nature
unknown as this plant has only been cultivated in controlled
conditions. Breaking action.--Stems are fibrous, strong, and
flexible; highly resistant to breakage. Rooting.-->95% success
rate with cuttings using CLONEX.RTM. a vitamin B1 rooting compound.
Growth regulator.--No growth regulators or other hormones used in
cultivation. Shipping tolerance.--Not applicable. This plant has
never been shipped and is not intended for live shipment or
household cultivation.
* * * * *
References