U.S. patent number PP21,593 [Application Number 12/584,742] was granted by the patent office on 2010-12-28 for artichoke plant named `ps-msc0204`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ocean Mist Farms, Plant Sciences, Inc.. Invention is credited to William J. Colfer.
United States Patent |
PP21,593 |
Colfer |
December 28, 2010 |
Artichoke plant named `PS-MSC0204`
Abstract
A new and distinct Cynara cardunculus L. cultivar of artichoke
plant named `PS-MSC0204`, characterized by its fleshiness of
bracts; fleshiness of hearts; uniformity of head shapes; and male
sterility which is demonstrated by the absence of pollen on all
florets during anthesis.
Inventors: |
Colfer; William J. (Aptos,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Plant Sciences, Inc.
(Watsonville, CA)
Ocean Mist Farms (Castroville, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
43357515 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/584,742 |
Filed: |
September 11, 2009 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/258 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
5/04 (20130101); A01H 6/1432 (20180501) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/258 |
Primary Examiner: McCormick Ewoldt; Susan B
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foley & Lardner LLP
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A new and distinct Cynara cardunculus L. cultivar of artichoke
plant named `PS-MSC0204`, as herein described and illustrated by
the characteristics set forth above.
Description
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Cynara
cardunculus.
Variety denomination: `PS-MSC0204`.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of
artichoke plant, botanically known as Cynara cardunculus L., and
herein referred to by the cultivar name `PS-MSC0204`.
Cynara cardunculus L., commonly known as Globe artichoke, is a
thistle-like perennial herb and is a member of the family
Asteraceae. Globe artichokes comprise: leaves, which are pinnately
lobed; but primarily spiney; oval capitula composed of overlapping
layers of bracts surrounding a large number of florets; and
receptacles, which are enlarged and fleshy. Globe artichoke plants
may be propagated by division or vegetative means, and are
essentially grown for the production of the immature flower heads,
which are considered as vegetable delicacies. Fresh artichokes may
be baked, steamed, or boiled, after which the fleshy receptacle,
inner and outer bracts, and parts of the floral stem may be
eaten.
The new artichoke cultivar is a product of a planned breeding
program carried out by the inventor, William J. Colfer, in
Chowchilla, Calif., in 2004. The new artichoke cultivar
`PS-MSC0204` is a result of a controlled cross between the female
(seed) parent, Cynara cardunculus L. designated `CTMS2C`
(unpatented) and the male (pollen) parent, Cynara cardunculus L.
designated `CT` (unpatented) The new artichoke `PS-MSC0204` was
discovered and selected by the inventor, as a single flowering
plant within the progeny of the stated cross in a controlled
environment in 2004 in Chowchilla, Calif.
Asexual reproduction of the artichoke `PS-MSC0204` by vegetative
cuttings was first performed in August of 2004 in Castroville,
Calif., and has demonstrated that the combination of
characteristics as herein disclosed for the new cultivar are firmly
fixed and retained through successive generations of asexual
reproduction. The new cultivar reproduces true to type.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are
determined to be unique characteristics of `PS-MSC0204`, which in
combination distinguish this artichoke as a new and distinct
cultivar: 1. Fleshiness of bracts; 2. Fleshiness of hearts; 3.
Uniformity of head shapes; and 4. Male sterility which is
demonstrated by the absence of pollen on all florets during
anthesis. It should be noted that these data were collected from
first year transplants.
Plants of the new Cynara `PS-MSC0204` differ from plants of the
parents, `CTMS2C` (unpatented) and `CT` (unpatented) in the
following characteristics described in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Female Parent Male Parent New Cultivar
`CTMS2C` `CT` Characteristic `PS-MSC0204` (unpatented) (unpatented)
Average Head 6.80 4.8 6.4 Number Head Shape Oval Oval Slightly
rounded to oval Head Exterior 5 GY 5/4- 5 GY 5/4- 5 GY 4/4- Color 5
GY 5/6 5 GY 4/4 5 GY 5/6
Of the many commercial cultivars known to the present inventor, the
most similar in comparison to the new Cynara `PS-MSC0204` is Cynara
`GREEN GLOBE` (unpatented), in the following characteristics
described in Table 2:
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparison Cultivar Name New Cultivar GREEN
GLOBE Characteristic `PS-MSC0204` (unpatented) Average Head 6.8 5.2
Number Head Exterior Color Green Green (slightly glossy) (no
glossiness) Average Fleshiness of Bract About 0.43 cm About 0.49
cm
For identification, a series of AFLP molecular markers have been
determined for this new artichoke cultivar.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS
The accompanying photographs illustrate the overall appearance of
the new artichoke `PS-MSC0204` showing the colors as true as is
reasonably possible with colored reproductions of this type. Colors
in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited
in the detailed botanical description, which accurately describe
the color of `PS-MSC0204`. The depicted plant and plant parts of
the new artichoke `PS-MSC0204` were taken in Madera County, Calif.
of first year transplants.
FIG. 1 shows a close-up, side view perspective of `PS-MSC0204`
plants grown in the field;
FIG. 2 shows a close-up perspective of the side view of the
exterior of a typical mature fruit of `PS-MSC0204`; and
FIG. 3 shows a close-up perspective view of the interior surface of
the outer bracts of a typical mature fruit of `PS-MSC0204`.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
The new artichoke `PS-MSC0204` has not been observed under all
possible environmental conditions. The phenotype of the new
cultivar may vary with variations in environment factors, including
weather (temperature, humidity, and light intensity), day length,
soil type, and location, without any change in the genotype of the
plant.
The aforementioned photographs, together with the following
observations, measurements and values describe plants of
`PS-MSC0204` as grown in Castroville, Calif., under conditions
which closely approximate those generally used in horticultural
practice.
Castroville is located in California's central coast. Conditions
can vary greatly during the summer months. Air temperature can
range between the low 20's (degrees Fahrenheit) in the winter to
above 80 (degrees Fahrenheit) during the summer months. Relative
humidity is generally moderate with values ranging from the mid
40's to the high 60's. Prevailing winds are westerly, and rainfall
rarely exceeds 25'' (inches) of rainfall.
In the following description, holding quality was measured by the
physical appearance of the harvested heads. This includes the heads
appearance following 3, 7 and 10 day storage periods in a cold
storage room held at 34 (degrees Fahrenheit). Head exterior
(oxidation) was observed at each of the three observation points.
Browning and blackening of plant tissue was evaluated as light,
moderate and extreme. Juiciness was measured by observing exudate
and rated as absent, moderate or excessive. Overall storage
response was measured by observations concentrated on visible color
variability and/or presence of lesions or other cosmetic anomalies.
Leaf ratio (L/W) was determined by dividing representative leaf
sample length measurements by representative leaf sample width
measurements. Finally, head response to (weather) was determined by
observing the heads at maturity. These field observations focus on
presence or absence of bronzing, necrotic and chlorotic lesions or
any abiotic response to environmental conditions. These data are
reported as the possible causal event(s), and then describe the
detailed head and plant responses.
The age of the plants in the aforementioned photographs, together
with the following observations, measurements and values describe
plants of `PS-MSC0204` about 1095 to 1460 days from transplanting.
Plants were developed in transplant trays for about 120 to 150
days, for a total plant age of about 270 to 330 days. Not all
greenhouse plantings are performed on the same day. Physical data
collection may also be performed on different days.
All color references below are measured against The Munsell Book of
Color, Munsell Color Macbeth Division of Kollmorgen Instruments
Corporation, (1988/PRO88-A). Colors are approximate as color
depends on horticultural practices such as light level and
fertilization rate, among others. Classification:
Botanical.--Cynara cardunculus L. Parentage: Female or seed
parent.--Cynara cardunculus L. designated `CTMS2C` (unpatented).
Male or pollen parent.--Cynara cardunculus L. designated `CT`
(unpatented). Propagation: Vegetative cuttings (side-shoots
selected and harvested from original parent selection). Plant:
Height.--About 158.13 cm. Range: 140.10 cm to 180.00 cm.
Width.--About 186.5 cm. Range: 173.2 cm to 200.00 cm. Growth
habit.--Upright/intermediate. Vigor.--Good. (This measurement is
based on overall plant performance. Including plant height, density
of leaf canopy and overall plant growth and development rates).
Lateral shoots: These offshoots or suckers from axillary buds are
borne at the base of the stem just below the soil surface. Number
per plant.--About 1.0 or 6.0 per plant. Length.--About 12.94 cm.
Range: 10.2 cm to 16.4 cm. Diameter.--About 3.75 cm. Range: 1.7 cm
to 2.4 cm. Color.--2.5 GY 5/6-2.5 GY 6/6. Anthocyanin coloration
range: 5R 3/4-7.5R 5/4. Foliage density.--Open to moderate,
variable shoots give plant an open to moderate plant density
appearance. Side shoot development.--Moderate side shoot
development. Plant responds to floral stalk removal inducing
side-shoot development. Number of leaves per side shoot.--Ranges
from 3 to 6. Stem (main): Length.--About 12.88 cm. Range: 8.3 cm to
26.2 cm. Diameter.--About 6.22 cm. Range: 5.3 cm to 7.2 cm. Width
(with leaves).--Ranges from 6.3 cm to 8.2 cm. Color.--Color
designation: 5 GY 6/6-5 GY 7/6. Basal anthocyanin coloration: 5R
3/4-7.5R 6/4. Texture.--Stem texture can vary from areas that are
tomentum to tomentose. Maturity and presence of surrounding leaf
tissue influence stem pubescence. Number of leaves per main
stem.--Ranges from 12 to 16. Distance between leaf lobes (use
petiole or leaf insertion not lobes)on stem.--Ranges from 8.2 cm to
14.4 cm. Internode length.--Ranges from 6.8 cm to 12.4 cm
(Internode length influenced by soil conditions (moisture) in the
field. Buds: Shape.--Typically ovate. Range from slightly round to
oval. Height.--Ranges 15.24 cm to 18.54 cm. Diameter.--Ranges 17.27
cm to 18.03 cm. Color.--Color dependent on age and exposure to sun
Range: 5 GY 5/4-5 GY 5/6. Texture.--Glabrous, with some light
pubescence at the base of the buds. Inflorescence: Mature, meaning
grown to point of harvest and ready for consumption. Florets:
Number per primary head.--Range of about 1020 to 1326. Overall
shape.--Tubulose, fused basal region; anther tubes that flare
slightly to a flattened, expanded obtuse apex stigmatic region.
Width.--About 1.5 mm. Color.--Purple, color dependent on floret
age. Range: 5P 3/10-5P 3/8-5P 3/6. Florets oxidize to darker
stigmatic colors and lighter anther colors late in maturation.
Margin.--Entire. Texture.--Smooth. Capitulum (head): Number.--About
6.80/plant. Range: 5.0 to 8.0 heads/plant. Shape.--Predominately
oval shapes, and slightly broadened mid-sections, creating rounded
to oval shape. Size.--(12) Primary: 36.20 cm to 38.10 cm. (18)
Secondary: 28.58 cm to 30.40 cm. (30) Tertiary: 28.58 cm to 30.48
cm. (36) Tertiarty: 26.04 cm to 27.94 cm. (48) Tertiarty: 23.50 cm
to 25.40 cm. Texture.--Intermediate, smooth and glossy.
Color.--Range: 5 GY 5/4-5 GY 5/6. Fragrance.--Mild, lightly
aromatic. Slightly sweet aroma, freshly cut -- green grass aroma.
Firmness.--Heads are firm. Some head types in the spring have
reduced firmness. Gloss.--Glossy green/yellow coloration. Heads
have distinct overall sheen. Juiciness.--Some interior bracts have
exudate visible. Most outer bracts and peduncle tissues are absent
of exudate. Peduncle: Length.--Ranges 10.41 cm to 18.42 cm.
Diameter.--Ranges 2.79 cm to 3.43 cm. Color.--Range: 5 GY 6/6-5 GY
6/6-5 GY 7/8. Pubescence density influence the color range.
Texture.--Early development can be tomentose while later
development can be delicately tomentose. Distinct bands or grooves
are also evident; running the length of the peduncle. Bract:
Number.--About 70.50 bracts. Range: 65 to 86 bracts.
Arrangement.--Bracts layer and overlap attaching to a fleshy
receptacle. Length.--Outer: About 6.86 cm; Range: 4.57 cm to 8.13
cm. Inner: About 8.89 cm; Range: 8.64 cm to 9.40 cm. Width.--Outer:
About 5.72 cm; Range: 4.57 cm to 5.84 cm. Inner: About 4.91 cm;
Range: 3.20 cm to 4.60 cm. Shape.--Bracts are predominantly oval
shaped with slightly constricted (narrow) basal regions on inner
bracts and outer bracts are slightly rounded at the base.
Texture.--Smooth, slight texture. Color (inner) (position in
capitulum).--Bract interior coloration: 2.5 GY 9/2-2.5 GY 9/4
(Green coloration). Outer bract interior coloration (apex): 5 GY
7/4-5 GY 7/6 (Green - Yellow Coloration). No anthocyanin coloration
present in innermost interior bract margins. Color (outer))
(position in capitulum).--5 GY 5/4-5 GY 5/6 (Green Coloration).
Mid-region to base: 2.5 GY 5/8-2.5 GY 5/6-2.5 GY 6/6 (Green
coloration with basal yellow coloration). Firmness.--Moderate.
Bracts are brittle with reduced malleability. Outer bracts are more
flexible. Spinosity.--Present on bract apexes. Spines are slightly
notched and splitting. Length ranges between 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm in
length. Basal thickness.--About 4.28 mm. Range: 3.33 mm to 4.67 mm.
Heart: Description.--Concave, full. Heart is slightly concave with
moderate outer margins. Color.--5 Y 9/1-5 Y 9/2. Pappus:
Number.--The pappus attaches at the apical region of the mature
seed. Approximately 76-84 pappus filaments per seed. Seed numbers
vary -- about 1020 to 1326 seeds per head. The seed numbers vary
greatly; dependent upon weather conditions, pollination,
fertilization and seed-set which consequently influence pappus
numbers. Length.--About 28.0 mm. Range: 16.0 mm to 29.0 mm.
Color.--Variable white coloration. .about.2.5Y 8/4 (base)-5.5Y 9/2
(apex) (colors difficult to match). Overall cold storage response:
Good cold storage response. Slight oxidation observed (light
browning). Cold storage (hold quality): Moderate. Some outer bract
brown lesions are visible with slightly necrotic bract tips. Head
exterior (oxidation): Only those areas damaged during harvest
showed some oxidation. Some bract margins are slightly discolored.
Head response (weather): None. Some exterior head damage was
observed. Some adverse head damage was observed from abrasion with
other surrounding heads. Foliage: Leaf: Shape.--Irregular, dentate
leaves that are long and strap- like, parted pinnatisect margins,
and a slightly reduced tomentose upper leaf surface and more
advanced tomentose lower leaf surface. The leaf apex is described
as a reduced mucronulate. Length.--About 92.78 cm. Range: 89.3 cm
to 95.6 cm. Width.--About 53.18 cm. Range: 52.60 cm to 53.60 cm.
Leaf ratio (L/W).--About 1.74. Range: 1.67 to 1.79. Leaf
area.--About 4,939.06 cm.sup.2. Range: 4764.00 cm.sup.2 to 5117.00
cm.sup.2. Leaf serrations.--About 36.03 mm. Range: 31.3 mm to 40.3
mm. Leaf distance between serrations.--About 47.67 mm. Range: 38.33
mm to 51.67 mm. Leaf basal angle.--About 41.30.degree.. Range:
55.0.degree. to 41.3.degree.. Leaf basal thickness.--About 5.17 mm.
Range: 5.00 mm to 7.00 mm. Texture.--Mature leaves are more
blistered and rough textured. Younger, developing leaves are smooth
and lack the blistered texture. Pubescence.--Smooth to sparse
density. Pubescence on most leaves is indistinct. Immature, younger
leaves are moderately pubescent. Color (mature).--Upper surface.
Range: 5 GY 4/4-5 GY 4/6-5 GY 4/8. Lower surface: Range: 5 GY 4/4-5
GY 5/4. Color (immature).--Upper surface. Range: 5 GY 4/6-5 GY 3/6.
Lower surface: Range: 5 GY 5/4-5 GY 4/4. Lobes: Number per
leaf.--About 4 to 8. (This number can also vary and is influenced
by soil types and winter growth conditions) Apex Shape: Apex can
vary obtuse to acute depending on leaf maturity and developmental
stages in relation to reproductive bolting. Base shape.--Generally
described as pinnatisect and lobed. Length.--Ranges 31.3 cm to 40.3
cm. (Dependent upon leaf developmental stages) Width.--Ranges 3.30
cm to 5.30 cm. Venation: Basal regions of the leaf have slightly
green coloration. The terminal and apical regions coloration is
white. Both mid-vein and surrounding venation is white colored.
Pattern.--White mid-vein with white color venation radiating from
leaf mid-vein. Venation pattern is described as pinnate.
Color.--White, closest to 5 GY-9/1; 10Y 9/1; 5Y 9/1. Petiole:
Length.--About 4.22 cm. Range: 3.90 cm to 6.42 cm. Width.--About
2.54 cm. Range: 2.47 cm to 2.67 cm. Diameter.--About 3.03 cm.
Range: About 2.8 cm to 3.4 cm. Color.--5 GY 6/4-5 GY 6/6.
Reproductive organs/seeds: Seed are generally a dark tan color with
variable black specks on the seed coat. Seed has an elongated oval
(obtuse/rounded basal apex) shape. About 4-5 mm (w).times.8-9 mm
(1)). Weather tolerance: No testing has been. Disease/pest
resistance: No observations made. Disease/pest susceptibility: No
observations made. General observations: This new artichoke hybrid
is a unique type that exhibits the following characteristics. The
plants moderate height, ranging from 140 cm to 180 cm. Its
comparative head qualities to California's artichoke variety `GREEN
GLOBE` (unpatented): green (slightly glossy) (unlike Green Globe)
exterior coloration, smaller head numbers. Head numbers ranging
from 5-8 heads per plant. Head shape does have slight variation
displaying a predominately oval shapes and, slightly broadened
mid-sections, rounded - oval shapes. These slightly glossy heads
are produced in the sizes ranging from (12) primary, size (18)
secondaries and size (30, 36 and 48) tertiaries. Floral stalk
development and head numbers can vary. Anthocyanin coloration is
not present in innermost interior bract margins. The head spinosity
is present on bract apexes. Inner bracts also display spines but
can be very slightly notched and splitting. The average spine
length ranges between 1.5-3.0 mm. The plants upright growth habit
is intermediate, but is very vigorous. The canopies coloration is a
deeper green/yellow color. These colors on Munsell Leaf Color Chart
range from 5 GY 4/4-5 GY 4/6-5 GY 4/8. Leaf spinosity is light to
moderate, categorized as few. Floral stalk development during
anthesis produces a purple flower. Flower color varies with flower
maturity. The phenotypic characteristics of this cultivar may vary
slightly, depending upon variation in the environmental factors.
Including weather (temperature, humidity and light intensity), day
length, soil type, farming practices, location and time of
year.
* * * * *