U.S. patent number PP20,772 [Application Number 12/214,361] was granted by the patent office on 2010-02-23 for raspberry plant named `korere`.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited. Invention is credited to Harvey K. Hall, Joseph Stephens.
United States Patent |
PP20,772 |
Hall , et al. |
February 23, 2010 |
Raspberry plant named `Korere`
Abstract
A new and distinct floricane fruiting red raspberry, Rubus
idaeus L., variety is described. The variety results from selection
among a population of seedlings derived from controlled pollination
crossing of the raspberry variety known as `Moutere` (U.S. Plant
Pat. No. 17,744) and the unreleased raspberry selection with the
breeder code D188 (not patented). This new variety is characterized
by excellent fruit quality, very good shelf life, and an early
harvest season, and is suitable for both machine and hand harvest.
The new variety appears suitable for the fresh fruit market and has
been named `Korere`.
Inventors: |
Hall; Harvey K. (Motueka,
NZ), Stephens; Joseph (Auckland, NZ) |
Assignee: |
The New Zealand Institute for Plant
and Food Research Limited (Auckland, NZ)
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Family
ID: |
40137942 |
Appl.
No.: |
12/214,361 |
Filed: |
June 18, 2008 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20080320623 P1 |
Dec 25, 2008 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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60936233 |
Jun 19, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
PLT/204 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01H
5/08 (20130101); A01H 6/7499 (20180501) |
Current International
Class: |
A01H
5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;PLT/204 |
Primary Examiner: McCormick Ewoldt; Susan B
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Greenlee Winner and Sullivan PC
Claims
It is claimed:
1. A new and distinct red raspberry plant as herein illustrated and
described.
Description
Genus and species of plant claimed: Rubus idaeus L.
Variety denomination: Korere.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
The new variety of red raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., was created in
the course of a planned breeding program carried out at Nelson,
Motueka, New Zealand. The parents used to make the cross in 1991,
were the variety `Moutere` (seed parent) (U.S. Plant Pat. No.
17,744) and the unreleased selection `D188` (pollen parent)
(unpatented).
Seed from this cross was grown and the original plant of the new
variety was selected during the 1994 95 summer (Southern
Hemisphere) and was found to exhibit: (a) a spine-free upright
growth habit of strong vigor, (b) the ability to form attractive
red fruit of good flavor in high yields on medium length fruiting
laterals that ripen very early season, and (c) resistance to
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus (RBDV).
The new variety was first asexually propagated in 1999, at Motueka,
Nelson, New Zealand, being reproduced by vegetative cuttings
arising from root cuttings. Cuttings developed this way in spring,
root within a 3 4 week propagation period, and thus plants suitable
for field planting are then ready in autumn of the same year. The
resulting plants propagated true to type, demonstrating that the
characteristics of the new cultivar are stable and are transmitted
without change through succeeding generations. Since 2000, `Korere`
has been asexually propagated in vitro via tissue culture methods.
The cultivar has propagated true to type via these means.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The new variety was selected from a population of seedlings derived
from crossing the raspberry variety known as `Moutere` (U.S. Plant
Pat. No. 17,744) and the unreleased raspberry selection with the
breeder code D188 (not patented). The new variety was assigned the
breeder code, 91318RKB-2 (subsequently coded HR121 at the advanced
selection stage). The new variety has since been named
`Korere`.
The new variety was tested and evaluated during the years 1996 to
2005 in the Nelson Region, New Zealand (41.10.degree. S.,
172.97.degree. E.). The new variety has also been observed in test
plots in Washington State, United States of America (USA).
When compared to the parent `Moutere`, fruit of the new variety was
found to ripen significantly earlier in the season, removed from
the receptacle easier, and was smaller in size. `Korere` is further
distinguished from `Moutere` by having canes that have no
spines.
When compared to the parent `D188`, the new variety exhibited fruit
that are larger and more conical in shape. `Korere` also has no
spines on canes compared to `D188` that has spines present.
Data collected during the evaluation period comparing fruiting
performance of the new variety with standard New Zealand cultivars
is presented in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparison of fruiting and shelf life
performance. 2003/04 season 2005/06 season Berry Berry Yield.sup.1
weight Shelf Yield.sup.1 weight Shelf Variety (T/ha) (g) life.sup.2
(T/ha) (g) life.sup.2 `Tadmor` 25.9 4.5 36 13.7 4.7 50 `Korpiko`
14.8 4 45 17.2 5.3 27 `Tulameen` 17.1 4.1 63 12.9 4.2 76 `Motueka`
21.3 2.7 15.3 3.8 `Moutere` 17.4 3 63 14.2 4.5 48 `Korere` 19.5 2.8
30 13.20 3.80 48 `Awaroa`.sup.3 15.6 3.1 14.4 4.1 62
.sup.1Hand-picked .sup.2Mean (10 berries .times. 3 reps .times. 3
harvests) cumulative percentage of berries with rot caused by
Botrytis after 72 hours on the shelf at ambient temperatures
(15-20.degree. C.). .sup.3`Awaroa` is a dual cropper i.e. the fruit
is borne on both the current and previous year's growth; the data
shown in Table 1 indicates the floricane fruit yield only.
Berries of the new variety are suitable for hand picking and
consumption as early season fresh fruit. As well as this `Korere`
will machine harvest, however, fruit color may be considered a
little light for some processing products in some markets.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying photographs show typical specimens of the plant,
foliage and fruit of the new variety as depicted in colors as
nearly true as is reasonably possible to make the same in a color
illustration of this character. The photographs were taken on
mature plants in Nelson Region in New Zealand and Washington State,
USA.
FIG. 1 shows fruit of the variety `Korere`.
FIG. 2 shows enlarged, close-up, side, and end views of typical
samples of individual fruit of the variety `Korere`.
FIG. 3 shows a close-up view of typical fruit of the variety
`Korere`.
FIG. 4 shows the leaf and shoot tip of a fruiting lateral of the
variety `Korere`; view is of the upper and lower surfaces.
FIG. 5 shows a floricane leaf of the variety `Korere`; view is of
the upper and lower leaf surfaces.
FIG. 6 shows a fruiting plant of the variety `Korere`; the view
displays the fruit, high productivity, and the productive, medium
length fruiting laterals.
FIG. 7 shows fruit of the variety `Korere` on the plant in the
field; the view displays the upright nature of the canes at full
canopy development.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Horticultural terminology is used in accordance with UPOV
guidelines for raspberry. All dimensions in millimeters, weights in
grams (unless otherwise stated). Where a colour reference is given
these refer to The R.H.S. Colour Chart, The Royal Horticultural
Society, London. 4th Edition, 2001. The specimens described were
grown at Nelson, New Zealand, and in Washington State, USA.
Environmental data for the New Zealand growing area demonstrates
conditions in spring and early summer (equating to the harvest
period for the variety) as follows: Spring (September/October);
mean daily temperature in the range 10 12.degree. C. (mean daily
minimum 5.8.degree. C., mean daily maximum 16.5.degree. C.). Early
summer (December/January); mean daily temperature 16.8.degree. C.
(mean daily minimum 11.1.degree. C., mean daily maximum
22.4.degree. C.).
A cool temperate area, frost conditions are typically experienced
in winter, with the lowest winter air temperature unlikely to be
colder than -6.degree. C. Average annual rainfall is approximately
1125 mm.
Plant and foliage: plants exhibit an upright growth habit (FIG. 7).
Mature plant height is commonly in the range 1800 mm to 2200 mm,
although this may vary with the growing conditions. Good vigor is
exhibited and internode length is quite short typically in the
range 50 60 mm. Plants have many young shoots and canes have no
spines (prickles/thorns). Canes are not pubescent indicating the
absence of gene H. Canes typically show light brown-tan coloration
(near Greyed-orange 175A and 175C) in winter. During the growing
season some purple coloration (near Red-purple 59A) is evident on
the sun-exposed side of the cane. Plants of `Korere` have been
observed to be less spiny compared with some other commercial
varieties, for instance, `Fairview` (not patented) which has
spines. Young shoots are erect, are numerous in number and are near
Yellow-green 144A in color. Fruiting laterals are medium in length,
typically 300 400 mm long. `Korere` has distinctive anthocyanin
coloration on exposed sides of primocanes, fruiting laterals and
pedicels. The anthocyanin coloration can be typically described as
shades of Red-purple 59A. The leaves are compound, moderately
crinkled, flat and glossy, with strong silver coloration on the
leaf underside. (FIGS. 4 and 5). The coloration of the upper
surface of the leaf is green (near Green 137A), the under side
being markedly lighter in coloration (near Greyed-green 194A). The
number of primocane leaflets per internode is predominantly five.
The base of the terminal leaflet is ovate in shape and typically
averages 60 mm in diameter and 90 mm in length. While the leaves do
not have distinguished marginal or vein coloration, the venation
has noticeable rises and falls, and the leaf margin is typically
serrate. The leaf petiole typically averages approximately 40 50 mm
in length and 2.3 mm in diameter. It is near Yellow-green 145B in
color. The fruit is borne on the previous year's growth. The
fruiting laterals are medium short in length, commonly measuring
300 400 mm, and are weakly ascending and horizontal when fruit has
ripened. Fruit presentation at harvest time is excellent and well
suited to hand-picking.
Inflorescence: white flowers are borne on short slender pedicels
that have no spines (thorns/prickles). At Nelson Region, New
Zealand bud burst commences very early, approximately August 20 25,
with fifty percent of buds burst by early-mid September
(approximately September5 15). The time of bloom is early season
for a summer-fruiting raspberry, with peak flowering late
October/early November. Corresponding times observed in Lynden,
Washington State, USA, typically include bud break commencing at
the end of February with 50% buds burst by March 10. Flowering
typically begins May 10 20 and peaks in late May. Flowers are
numerous and borne on a paniculate inflorescence. Typically, there
are five petals, elongated ovate in shape with a rounded apex and
flat base. The petals average approximately 6.2 mm in length and
2.9 mm in width. They are typically smooth in texture, have a
smooth margin and are near White 155C in color. The pedicel length
averages approximately 19.0 mm long. However, the more basal the
pedicel the longer it commonly becomes with pedicel lengths up to
about 50 mm being observed. The pedicel averages approximately 0.9
mm in diameter and is near Yellow-green 144B in color and like the
primocane has quite pronounced anthocyanin coloration on the
sun-exposed side (near Red-purple 59A). A typical king flower
diameter is approximately 23 mm (from sepal tip to sepal tip i.e.
the widest part of the flower). The flowers are predominantly borne
singly, although sometimes in clusters of two or more. Terminal
branch flower clusters frequently consist of two flowers and basal
flower clusters may number three to five. The flowers have no
discernible fragrance. Five sepals are present. These are green in
coloration (near Green 138C on the top and near Yellow-green 146D
on underneath) and measure approximately 8 9 mm in length from base
to tip. The reproductive organs are typical for flowers of Rubus
idaeus L.; the stigmas average approximately 105 in number and are
near Yellow-green 145C in color; there are approximately 100
stamens the filaments of which are near White 155C in color and
average 3.9 mm in length. Anthers are brown and (depending on
maturity) near Brown 200C in color.
Harvest: fruit commences ripening in mid-late November at Motueka,
New Zealand; the typical start date for picking the new variety is
very early, typically November 22. Fifty percent of the harvest is
typically completed by December 12, and the main harvest period is
complete by early January (approximately January 4) under New
Zealand conditions. In Lynden, Washington State, USA, fruit
commonly commences ripening on about June 15 20 and is finished
around July 15 20. The early time of fruit ripening has been
observed to occur in conjunction with early bud break and a
relatively short time from flowering until the onset of fruit
ripening. The fruit ripening period for `Korere` has been observed
to be earlier than for other commercial varieties regarded as early
season varieties, for instance, `Glen Moy` (not patented), under
New Zealand conditions. `Korere` is suited to harvest by hand and
machine operations. The early fruiting season of `Korere` is a key
distinctive character of the cultivar. `Korere` is recommended for
very early season production for fresh market fruit and has the
advantage that later harvests can be machine harvested.
Fruit: fruit is produced on previous year's cane in summer. The
berries formed on `Korere` are medium sized. Average berry weight
is approximately 3.7 g; individual fruit ranging between 2.5 4.0 g
in weight (Table 1). Fruit shape is conical; on the basis of fruit
length to width ratio, fruit is longer than broad (FIG. 3). On
average berries are 25 mm long and 20 mm wide (at the widest
point). Fruit color is medium-red; external color near Red-53A,
internal color near Red 46A; and has medium glossiness. Drupelets
number typically 107 and are quite distinctively small, typically
3.6 mm in diameter. Although fruit drupelet size has been observed
to be small, overall `Korere` fruit size has been observed to be
larger than that for the commercial variety `Skeena` which has
medium size fruit. Fruit quality is largely due to the fruit being
medium-firm with good raspberry flavor; fruit firmness has been
observed to be more firm than that for fruit from the commercial
variety `Fairview` when grown under New Zealand conditions. The
seeds average 2.8 mm long and 1.3 mm wide, and are near
Greyed-orange N170C in color when dry. Seed numbers per fruit
average 107 and weigh on average 0.21 g per fruit (or on average
individually 1.9 mg). `Korere` fruit has been observed to have a
good shelf life in Nelson Region, New Zealand (Table 1). Yield is
moderate; the variety is suitable for machine harvesting and hand
picking; machine-harvested yields are commonly 4 5 tons per acre in
Washington, USA.
Pest and disease resistance: the plant appears to be resistant to
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus (RBDV). Since the selection of this
clone in 1994 95 numerous tests for RBDV have been carried out on
`Korere` in New Zealand using ELISA, but on no occasion has the
virus been detected in spite of high infection pressure. From this
we suggest that `Korere` is likely to be resistant to the common
strain of RBDV found in New Zealand. Resistance to aphids is
unknown.
Geographical adaptation: observations indicate that the variety is
suitable for warmer regions and indications are the variety is also
adapted to regions where winter chill is not readily accumulated.
`Korere` performs well in the cool temperate climate of the Nelson
region, New Zealand, under standard management practices for
commercial raspberry production. Initial indications are that
`Korere` also performs well in USDA plants hardiness zones 8 10
(published as the 2003 US National Arboretum "Web Version" of the
USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map USDA Miscellaneous Publication No.
1475, Issued January 1990) although some winter injury may occur in
cooler regions.
* * * * *