U.S. patent number 9,381,618 [Application Number 14/258,277] was granted by the patent office on 2016-07-05 for grinding and polishing tool.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Saint-Gobain Abrasifs, Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc.. The grantee listed for this patent is SAINT-GOBAIN ABRASIFS, SAINT-GOBAIN ABRASIVES, INC.. Invention is credited to Michael D. Cheng, Rajesh Kaul, Arup K Khaund, Cecile O. Mejean, John Pearlman, Srinivasan Ramanath, Shivshankar Sivasubramanian, Yinggang Tian, John Tunstall, Rachana Upadhyay.
United States Patent |
9,381,618 |
Kaul , et al. |
July 5, 2016 |
Grinding and polishing tool
Abstract
A grinding tool includes a shank having an axis, and at least
two abrasive portions mounted directly to and in contact with the
shank without a hub therebetween. Each of the abrasive portions has
a substantially identical profile formed therein.
Inventors: |
Kaul; Rajesh (Shrewsbury,
MA), Tunstall; John (Buffalo Grove, IL), Sivasubramanian;
Shivshankar (Lowell, MA), Ramanath; Srinivasan (Holden,
MA), Upadhyay; Rachana (Shrewsbury, MA), Khaund; Arup
K (Northborough, MA), Tian; Yinggang (Shrewsbury,
MA), Pearlman; John (Berlin, MA), Cheng; Michael D.
(St. Charles, IL), Mejean; Cecile O. (Marlborough, MA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SAINT-GOBAIN ABRASIVES, INC.
SAINT-GOBAIN ABRASIFS |
Worcester
Conflans-Sainte-Honorine |
MA
N/A |
US
FR |
|
|
Assignee: |
Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc.
(Worcester, MA)
Saint-Gobain Abrasifs (Conflans-Sainte-Honorine,
FR)
|
Family
ID: |
51789602 |
Appl.
No.: |
14/258,277 |
Filed: |
April 22, 2014 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20140323020 A1 |
Oct 30, 2014 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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61815889 |
Apr 25, 2013 |
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61815942 |
Apr 25, 2013 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B24B
9/08 (20130101); B24D 5/066 (20130101); B24D
5/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B24D
5/10 (20060101); B24D 5/06 (20060101); B24B
9/08 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;451/547,44,43,541,58,57,508,488 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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0268672 |
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Sep 1990 |
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EP |
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0531299 |
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Mar 1993 |
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EP |
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0846041 |
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Jun 1998 |
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EP |
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1174219 |
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Jan 2002 |
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EP |
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1418020 |
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May 2004 |
|
EP |
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2184134 |
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May 2010 |
|
EP |
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2483036 |
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Aug 2012 |
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EP |
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10-2010-0106056 |
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Oct 2010 |
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KR |
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96-11771 |
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Apr 1996 |
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WO |
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2011041498 |
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Apr 2011 |
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WO |
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Other References
International Search Report for PCT/US2014/034892 dated Aug. 29,
2014, 4 pgs. cited by applicant .
Technical Search, 4 pgs, 2013. cited by applicant .
"Abrasive Article", 1 pg, 2013. cited by applicant.
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Primary Examiner: Rose; Robert
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Abel Law Group, LLP Sullivan;
Joseph P.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Prov.
Pat. App. No. 61/815,889, filed Apr. 25, 2013, U.S. Prov. Pat. App.
No. 61/815,942, filed Apr. 25, 2013, which are incorporated herein
by reference in their entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An abrasive article, comprising: a shank having an axis; a first
and a second abrasive portion coupled to the shank in an axial
array with respect to each other; a first profile formed in the
first abrasive portion; a second profile formed in the second
abrasive portion; and a third profile formed in the first or second
abrasive portion, wherein the first, second and third profiles are
substantially identical to each other.
2. The abrasive article of claim 1, further comprising a recess
extending axially along at least a portion of an outer surface of
the first and second abrasive portions.
3. The abrasive article of claim 1, further comprising one or more
fluid passages including an interconnected passage through a
portion of the shank and at least one of the first and second
abrasive portions.
4. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein the first and second
abrasive portions are stepped such that outer surfaces thereof have
different maximum radial dimensions.
5. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein at least one of the
first and second abrasive portions is mounted directly to and in
contact with the shank.
6. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein at least one of the
first and second abrasive portions comprises a grit size of not
greater than about 700 grit.
7. The abrasive article of claim 1, further comprising a third
abrasive portion coupled to the shank in an axial array with
respect to the first and second abrasive portions.
8. The abrasive article of claim 7, wherein the third abrasive
portion comprises a grit size of not greater than about 2000 grit,
and at least about 900 grit.
9. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein the profiles are at a
substantially same radial distance relative to the axis, but at
different axial locations.
10. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein the abrasive portions
comprise a metal bond.
11. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein the abrasive portions
are mounted on the shank by an adhesive bond, a fastener, or a
combination thereof.
12. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein the abrasive portions
are mounted directly to and in axial abutment with each other.
13. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein at least one of the
abrasive portions comprises cerium oxide.
14. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein at least one of the
abrasive portions has an outer surface and a recess extending
axially along at least a portion of the outer surface.
15. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein the shank comprises
carbon fiber.
16. The abrasive article of claim 3, further comprising at least
two fluid passages including an interconnected passage through a
portion of the shank and at least two abrasive portions, wherein
the fluid passages in the two abrasive portions intersect the
profiles, respectively.
17. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein a coarsest one of the
abrasive portions comprises a fewest number of profiles, and a
finest one of the abrasive portions comprises a largest number of
profiles.
18. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein the abrasive portions
have outer surfaces that are conical.
19. The abrasive article of claim 1, wherein at least one of the
abrasive portions comprises at least two distinct profiles formed
therein.
20. The abrasive article of claim 7, wherein at least one of the
abrasive portions comprises at least two distinct profiles formed
therein.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Disclosure
The present invention relates in general to abrasive tools and, in
particular, to a profiled grinding and polishing tool.
2. Description of the Related Art
The edges of thin glass substrates are usually ground and polished
to achieve a desired surface finish. The conventional technique
used to grind and polish the edges sequentially uses several
abrasive tools, each of which provides a progressively finer
surface along the edges of the thin glass. For example, a first
coarse grinding tool is installed and used to achieve a coarse
surface finish. The first course grinding tool is then removed and
replaced by a fine grinding tool to improve the thin glass edge to
a fine grind. The fine grinding tool is then removed and by a
polishing tool to achieve the desired surface finish. Although
these tools and this process are workable, improvements in grinding
and polishing the edges of thin glass continue to be of
interest.
SUMMARY
Embodiments of a grinding and polishing tool are disclosed. For
example, an abrasive article may comprise a shank having an axis,
and at least two abrasive portions mounted directly to and in
contact with the shank in an axial array. Each of the abrasive
portions may have a substantially identical profile formed
therein.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of these embodiments
will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of
the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the
appended claims and the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
So that the manner in which the features and advantages of the
embodiments are attained and can be understood in more detail, a
more particular description may be had by reference to the
embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings.
However, the drawings illustrate only some embodiments and
therefore are not to be considered limiting in scope as there may
be other equally effective embodiments.
FIG. 1 is sectional side view of an embodiment of a tool.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional side view of an embodiment of a
profile formed in the tool of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 3-5 are sectional side views of other embodiments of a
tool.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are sectional side and half top views,
respectively, of another embodiment of a tool.
FIGS. 7 and 8 are sectional side views of additional embodiments of
a tool.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are sectional side and half top views,
respectively, of another embodiment of a tool.
FIGS. 10 and 11 are sectional side views of other embodiments of a
tool.
FIGS. 12A and 12B are sectional side and half top views,
respectively, of another embodiment of a tool.
FIGS. 13 and 14 are sectional side views of additional embodiments
of a tool.
The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings
indicates similar or identical items.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments of a grinding and polishing tool are disclosed. For
example, FIG. 1 depicts an abrasive article 20 comprising a shank
21 having a rotational axis 23 and at least two abrasive portions
25, 27 (a third abrasive portion 29 is shown). Each abrasive
portion 25, 27, 29 may be configured to grind or polish glass, such
as the perimeter edge of glass, depending on the application. For
example, the glass to be ground or polished may comprise a
chemically-strengthened, ion exchange glass.
Each abrasive portion 25, 27, 29 may be mounted to the shank 21.
The abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 may be mounted on the shank 21 and
each other by a variety of methods, such as adhesive bonding, with
a fastener, or a combination thereof. In some versions, the
abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 are not electroplated on the shank 21.
The abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 may be configured on the shank 21
in an axial array as shown.
Each abrasive portion 25, 27, 29 may comprise an identical shape or
they may differ in shape. In FIG. 1, the abrasive portions 25, 27,
29 comprise flat circular disks (e.g., a wheel) with a central
opening or axial bore, a diameter and an axial thickness. In some
versions, the diameter of each abrasive portion 25, 27, 29 may be
not greater than about 25 mm, such as not greater than about 20 mm,
not greater than about 15 mm, not greater than about 12 mm, or even
not greater than about 10 mm.
Again referring to FIG. 1, the shank 21 may comprise a single
spindle having a proximal portion with a first diameter d1, a
distal portion with a second diameter d2 that is smaller than the
first diameter d1, and a shoulder s therebetween. Each of the
abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 may have a diameter in excess of the
diameters d1 and d2 of the shank 21. The diameter d2 of the shank
21 can be at least about 1 mm, such as at least about 2 mm, at
least about 3 mm, at least about 4 mm, or even at least about 5 mm.
The diameter d2 of the shank 21 can be not greater than about 10
mm, such as not greater than about 8 mm, or even not greater than
about 6 mm.
In some embodiments, the diameters d1 and d2 may be expressed as a
ratio d2/d1. In some versions, the ratio d2/d1 may be greater than
or equal to 0.5. The distal portion of the shank 21 having diameter
d2 has an axial length a2. The axial length a2 may be substantially
equal in length to a total axial length of the abrasive portions
25, 27, 29.
The abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 may be directly mounted to and in
contact with the distal portion of shank 21. One of the abrasive
portions 29 may be mounted directly to and in axial abutment with
the shoulder s. Other ones of the abrasive portions 25, 27 may
axially abut the abrasive portion 29 (or other abrasive portions)
and may be axially spaced apart from the shoulder S as shown.
Embodiments of the abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 may comprise a
metal bond. The metal bond may comprise copper and tin. For
example, some versions of the metal bond may comprise about 79%
copper, about 20% tin and about 1% phos-copper powder. Phos-copper
powder may comprise a mix of phosphorus and copper with the
phosphorus not exceeding about 6% of the total volume mix.
Some embodiments of the abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 may not
comprise a resin bond. The abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 may
comprise abrasive particles such as diamond grit or cubic boron
nitride.
Each of the abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 may comprise abrasive
particles that differ from each other in a chosen parameter, such
as size, type or grade. For example, a first one of the abrasive
portions 25 may comprise a grit size of not greater than about 700
grit, such as not greater than about 600 grit, not greater than
about 500 grit, or even not greater than about 400 grit. In other
embodiments, the first one of the abrasive portions 25 may comprise
a grit size of at least about 100 grit, such as at least about 200
grit, or even at least about 300 grit. The grit size of the first
one of the abrasive portions 25 may comprise a value between any of
these minimum and maximum values.
Embodiments of a second one of the abrasive portions 27 may
comprise a grit size of not greater than about 1100 grit, such as
not greater than about 1000 grit, not greater than about 900 grit,
or even not greater than about 800 grit. In other embodiments, the
first one of the abrasive portions 25 may comprise a grit size of
at least about 500 grit, such as at least about 600 grit, or even
at least about 700 grit. The grit size of the second one of the
abrasive portions 27 may comprise a value between any of these
minimum and maximum values.
Some embodiments of a third one of the abrasive portions 29 may
comprise a grit size of not greater than about 2000 grit, such as
not greater than about 1500 grit, not greater than about 1400 grit,
or even not greater than about 1200 grit. In other embodiments, the
third one of the abrasive portions 29 may comprise a grit size of
at least about 900 grit, such as at least about 1000 grit, or even
at least about 1100 grit. The grit size of the third one of the
abrasive portions 29 may comprise a value between any of these
minimum and maximum values.
In some versions, one or more of the abrasive portions 25, 27, 29
may comprise a profile 31 (FIGS. 1 and 2) formed therein. The
profiles 31 may be formed in exterior surfaces or perimeters of the
abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 such that they are completely
circumscribed by the profiles 31. Embodiments of the profiles 31
may be formed by electrical discharge machining (EDM) in some
cases. Versions of the profiles can be re-profiled without damaging
the abrasive article 20. For example, the profiles may be
re-profiled by EDM so that the abrasive article 20 can be
reused.
Embodiments of the profiles 31 may be identical or different. For
example, the profiles differ from each other by less than about 1%,
less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.25%. Some versions of each
profile may comprise a flat profile, a flat and arris profile
(shown in FIG. 2), or a bullnose profile. The profile 31 may have
an axial dimension 33 of not greater than about 1.5 mm, such as not
greater than about 1.3 mm, not greater than about 1 mm, not greater
than about 0.7 mm, not greater than about 0.5 mm, or even not
greater than about 0.3 mm. In other versions, the axial dimension
33 can be at least about 0.1 mm, such as at least about 0.2 mm, or
even at least about 0.3 mm. The axial dimension may comprise a
value between any of these minimum and maximum values.
Versions of the profile 31 can have has a radial grind depth 35 of
at least about 0.1 mm, such as at least about 0.2 mm, at least
about 0.3 mm, or even at least about 0.4 mm. Other embodiments of
the radial grind depth 35 can be not greater than about 0.9 mm,
such as not greater than about 0.7 mm, or even not greater than
about 0.5 mm. The radial grind depth 35 may comprise a value
between any of these minimum and maximum values.
As shown in FIG. 3, embodiments of the abrasive article 20 may have
at least one abrasive portion 25, 27, 29 that comprises cerium
oxide. For example, a finest one of the abrasive portions 29 may
comprise cerium oxide. FIG. 3 also illustrates an embodiment where
the abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 are mounted to a hub 30, rather
than directly to the shank 21. The hub 30 is mounted directly to
the shank 21, such that the abrasive portions 25, 27, 29 are
radially spaced apart from shank 21 and axially abut each other.
FIG. 10 depicts an alternate embodiment of an abrasive article 100
having at least one abrasive portion 105 comprising cerium oxide
and mounted directly to the shaft 101 without a hub
therebetween.
FIG. 4 depicts an embodiment of an abrasive article 40 having
abrasive portions 45, 47, 49, each with more than one profile 43
(i.e., at least two profiles 43) formed therein. The profiles 43
within each of the abrasive portions 45, 47, 49 can be
substantially identical or different. In some versions, a coarsest
one of the abrasive portions 45 may comprise the fewest number of
profiles 43, and a finest one of the abrasive portions 49 may
comprise the highest number of profiles 43. An intermediate
abrasive portion 47 may be is finer than the coarsest abrasive
portion 45, and coarser than the finest abrasive portion 49. The
intermediate abrasive portion 47 may comprise a number of profiles
43 that is greater than that of the coarsest abrasive portion 45,
and less than that of the finest abrasive portion 49. For example,
the abrasive portions 45, 47, 49 may comprise 2, 3 and 5 profiles,
respectively, in one embodiment.
FIG. 11 depicts an alternate embodiment of an abrasive article 110
having abrasive portions 115, 117, 119. At least one of the
abrasive portions 115, 117, 119 has more than one profile 113. In
the version shown, abrasive portion 119 has three profiles 113,
while abrasive portions 115, 117 each have one profile 113.
In some embodiments, the profiles 43 may be at a substantially same
radial distance relative to the axis 23, but at different axial
locations. For example, the profiles 43 may be axially spaced apart
from each other in substantially identical increments, or at
different increments.
Although some embodiments of the abrasive portions have an outer
surface that is substantially cylindrical, they are not so limited.
For example, the abrasive portions can have an outer surface that
is non-cylindrical (FIG. 5), such as a conical shape or steps, such
that the respective outer surfaces thereof have different maximum
radial dimensions D1, D2, D3. In some versions, each abrasive
portion 55, 57, 59 may comprise a plurality of steps, each having a
profile 53. Each step can have a different maximum radial dimension
within each abrasive portion 55, 57, 59.
FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate an embodiment of an abrasive article 60
having abrasive portions 65, 67, 69 with have an outer surface. At
least one recess 66 extends axially along at least a portion of the
outer surface of at least one of the abrasive portions 65, 67, 69.
Embodiments of the recess 66 may comprise a slot, notch or groove,
and may extend along an entire axial length of the abrasive
portions 65, 67, 69. Versions of the recess 66 may comprise a
plurality of recesses 66, which may be symmetrically spaced apart
about the outer surface. For example, the abrasive article 60 may
comprise six of the recesses 66, which may be angularly offset
(relative to the axis) from adjacent ones thereof by 60
degrees.
FIGS. 12A and 12B depict an alternate embodiment of an abrasive
article 120 having at least one abrasive portion 125 with an outer
surface. Abrasive portion 125 is mounted directly to shaft 121 with
no hub therebetween. At least one recess 126 extends axially along
at least a portion of the outer surface of at least one of the
abrasive portion 125. Embodiments of the recess 126 may comprise a
slot, notch or groove, and may extend along an entire axial length
of the abrasive portions 125. Versions of the recess 126 may
comprise a plurality of recesses 126, which may be symmetrically
spaced apart about the outer surface. For example, the abrasive
article 120 may comprise four of the recesses 126, which may be
angularly offset (relative to the axis) from adjacent ones thereof
by 90 degrees.
Some embodiments of the abrasive article 70 (FIG. 7) may have one
or more abrasive portions 75, 77, 79 that comprise a porosity. The
porosity may be in a range of, for example, about 1 vol % to about
5 vol %. In some versions, the porosity may be formed by hollow
glass and/or ceramic beads. FIG. 13 depicts an alternate embodiment
of an abrasive article 130 having at least one abrasive portion 135
mounted directly to shaft 131 with no hub therebetween. Abrasive
portion 135 likewise has porosity that may be formed by glass
and/or ceramic beads during fabrication.
In still another embodiment of the abrasive article 80 (FIG. 8),
the shank 81 may comprise a metallic material or a non-metallic
material, such as carbon fiber. Non-metallic materials such as
carbon fiber offer improved vibration and noise dampening. FIG. 14
depicts an alternate embodiment of an abrasive article 140 having
at least one abrasive portion 145 mounted directly to shaft 141
with no hub therebetween. Shaft 141 likewise may be formed from a
non-metallic material such as carbon fiber.
Embodiments of an abrasive article 90 (FIGS. 9A and 9B) may
comprise one or more fluid passages 92 for delivering a liquid
coolant and/or lubricant. For example, the shank 91 and/or at least
one of the abrasive portions 95, 97, 99 may comprise a fluid
passage 92, 94, respectively. The fluid passages 92, 94 may be
interconnected and configured to permit a liquid to flow
therethrough. The fluid passages 94 may extend not only through the
abrasive portions 95, 97, 99, but also through a portion of the
shank 91 and/or a hub 96 mounted between shank 91 and them. One or
more of the abrasive portions 95, 97, 99 may have a profile 93
formed therein. One or more fluid passages 94 94 in the abrasive
portions 95, 97, 99 may intersect the profiles 93, respectively. A
closure, such as a plug, may be used on one end of fluid passage
92.
In still other embodiments, an abrasive article may comprise one or
more of any of the features described herein.
In operation, the abrasive articles described may be used in a
method of grinding and polishing a workpiece having an edge
profile. Embodiments of the method may comprise providing a
workpiece having a perimeter/peripheral edge; chucking the
workpiece to resist movement of the workpiece; grinding the
perimeter edge of the workpiece with a tool to form a first surface
finish on the perimeter edge; and then polishing the perimeter edge
of the workpiece with the same tool to form a second surface finish
on the perimeter edge, wherein the second surface finish is finer
than the first surface finish.
Embodiments of grinding and polishing each may comprise
circumscribing an entirety of the perimeter edge of the workpiece.
In some versions, the workpiece may have a thickness of not greater
than about 1.3 mm. Moreover, grinding and polishing each may
comprise rotating the tool at a speed of about 5,000 rpm to about
50,000 rpm. In addition, chucking may comprise vacuum chucking
opposing surfaces of the workpiece.
Embodiments of a method of forming a tool may comprise forming at
least two abrasive portions in separate molds, each of the abrasive
portions comprising a different size; removing the at least two
abrasive portions from the separate molds; pressing the at least
two abrasive portions together to form an abrasive article; and
then mounting the abrasive article on a shank such that the at
least two abrasive portions form an axial array on the shank. In
some embodiments the method may further comprise forming a profile
in each abrasive portion, such as with EDM. Mounting may comprise
bonding the abrasive article to the shank with an adhesive, and/or
securing the abrasive article to the shank with a screw threaded
axially into the shank adjacent a distal end of the abrasive
article.
Embodiments of forming may comprise forming each abrasive portion
as a solid object and, prior to mounting, further comprise forming
a bore in the abrasive article, such that mounting comprises
extending the shank through the bore. Forming may comprise
separately cold pressing each of the abrasive portions. Pressing
may comprise hot pressing and sintering the abrasive portions
together to form the abrasive article.
Additional embodiments may include one or more of the following
items.
Item 1. An abrasive article, comprising: a shank having an axis;
and at least two abrasive portions mounted directly to and in
contact with the shank in an axial array, each of the abrasive
portions having a substantially identical profile formed
therein.
Item 2. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein a first
one of the abrasive portions comprises a grit size of not greater
than about 700 grit, not greater than about 600 grit, not greater
than about 500 grit, not greater than about 400 grit.
Item 3. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein a
second one of the abrasive portions comprises a grit size of not
greater than about 1100 grit, not greater than about 1000 grit, not
greater than about 900 grit, not greater than about 800 grit, and
at least about 500 grit, at least about 600 grit, at least about
700 grit.
Item 4. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein a third
one of the abrasive portions comprises a grit size of not greater
than about 2000 grit, not greater than about 1500 grit, not greater
than about 1400 grit, not greater than about 1200 grit, and at
least about 900 grit, at least about 1000 grit, at least about 1100
grit.
Item 5. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein each of
the abrasive portions comprises a profile formed therein.
Item 6. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile is formed in an exterior surface or perimeter of each
abrasive portion, and circumscribes each abrasive portion.
Item 7. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile is formed by electrical discharge machining (EDM).
Item 8. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile can be re-profiled without damaging the abrasive
article.
Item 9. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile is re-profiled by electrical discharge machining (EDM).
Item 10. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile has an axial dimension of not greater than about 1.5 mm,
not greater than about 1.3 mm, not greater than about 1 mm, not
greater than about 0.7 mm, not greater than about 0.5 mm, not
greater than about 0.3 mm, and the axial dimension is at least
about 0.1 mm, at least about 0.2 mm, or at least about 0.3 mm.
Item 11. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile comprises a flat profile, a flat and arris profile, or a
bullnose profile.
Item 12. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile has a radial grind depth of at least about 0.1 mm, at least
about 0.2 mm, at least about 0.3 mm, or at least about 0.4 mm, and
not greater than about 0.9 mm, not greater than about 0.7 mm, or
not greater than about 0.5 mm.
Item 13. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile in each abrasive portion is substantially identical.
Item 14. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profiles are at a substantially same radial distance relative to
the axis, but at different axial locations.
Item 15. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profiles differ from each other by less than about 1%, less than
about 0.5%, less than about 0.25%.
Item 16. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profiles are axially spaced apart from each other in substantially
identical increments.
Item 17. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions do not comprise a resin bond.
Item 18. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions comprise a metal bond.
Item 19. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
metal bond comprises copper and tin.
Item 20. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions comprise at least three abrasive portions.
Item 21. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein each
abrasive portion is configured to grind or polish glass.
Item 22. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
glass comprises a chemically-strengthened, ion exchange glass.
Item 23. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions are not electroplated on the shank.
Item 24. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions are mounted on the shank with an adhesive
bond.
Item 25. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions comprise diamond grit.
Item 26. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein each
abrasive portion comprises a wheel having an axial bore, a diameter
and an axial thickness.
Item 27. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
diameter of each wheel is not greater than about 25 mm, not greater
than about 20 mm, not greater than about 15 mm, not greater than
about 12 mm, or not greater than about 10 mm.
Item 28. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
shank is a single spindle having a proximal portion with a first
diameter, a distal portion with a second diameter that is smaller
than the first diameter, and a shoulder therebetween.
Item 29. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions are mounted on the distal portion, one of the
abrasive portions abuts the shoulder, and another one of the
abrasive portions abuts said one of the abrasive portions and is
axially spaced apart from the shoulder.
Item 30. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein each
of the abrasive portions has a diameter in excess of a diameter of
the shank.
Item 31. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
diameter of the shank is at least about 1 mm, at least about 2 mm,
at least about 3 mm, at least about 4 mm, at least about 5 mm, and
not greater than about 10 mm, not greater than about 8 mm, not
greater than about 6 mm.
Item 32. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions are mounted directly to and in axial abutment
with each other.
Item 33. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the at
least two abrasive portions have an outer surface that is
substantially cylindrical.
Item 34. An abrasive article, comprising: a shank having an axis;
at least two abrasive portions coupled to the shank in an axial
array, each of the abrasive portions having a substantially
identical profile formed therein; and
at least one of the abrasive portions has at least two of the
substantially identical profiles formed therein.
Item 35. An abrasive article, comprising: a shank having an axis;
at least two abrasive portions coupled to the shank in an axial
array, each of the abrasive portions having a substantially
identical profile formed therein; and
at least one of the abrasive portions comprises cerium oxide.
Item 36. An abrasive article, comprising: a shank having an axis;
at least two abrasive portions coupled to the shank in an axial
array, each of the abrasive portions having a substantially
identical profile formed therein; and
the abrasive portions have an outer surface that is
non-cylindrical.
Item 37. An abrasive article, comprising: a shank having an axis;
at least two abrasive portions coupled to the shank in an axial
array, each of the abrasive portions having a substantially
identical profile formed therein; and
at least one of the abrasive portions has an outer surface, and
further comprising a recess extending axially along at least a
portion of the outer surface.
Item 38. An abrasive article, comprising: a shank having an axis;
at least two abrasive portions coupled to the shank in an axial
array, each of the abrasive portions having a substantially
identical profile formed therein; and
at least one of the abrasive portions comprises a porosity in a
range of about 1 vol % to about 5 vol %.
Item 39. An abrasive article, comprising: a shank comprising carbon
fiber and having an axis; and at least two abrasive portions
coupled to the shank in an axial array, each of the abrasive
portions having a substantially identical profile formed
therein.
Item 40. An abrasive article, comprising: a shank having an axis;
at least two abrasive portions coupled to the shank in an axial
array, each of the abrasive portions having a substantially
identical profile formed therein; and
the shank and each of the abrasive portions comprises a fluid
passage, and the fluid passages are interconnected and configured
to permit fluid flow therethrough.
Item 41. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein a
coarsest one of the abrasive portions comprises the fewest
profiles, and a finest one of the abrasive portions comprises the
most profiles.
Item 42. The abrasive article of any of these items, further
comprising an intermediate abrasive portion that is finer than the
coarsest one, and coarser than the finest one, and the intermediate
abrasive portion comprises a number of profiles that is less than
that of the finest one.
Item 43. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein a
finest one of the at least one of the at least two abrasive
portions comprises cerium oxide.
Item 44. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
recess comprises a slot, notch or groove, and extends along an
entire axial length of the at least two abrasive portions.
Item 45. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
recess comprises a plurality of recesses, symmetrically spaced
apart about the outer surface.
Item 46. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
porosity is formed by glass or ceramic beads.
Item 47. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein each
of the at least two abrasive portions has a profile formed therein,
and the fluid passages in the at least two abrasive portions
intersect the profiles, respectively.
Item 48. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein a
first one of the abrasive portions comprises a grit size of not
greater than about 700 grit, not greater than about 600 grit, not
greater than about 500 grit, not greater than about 400 grit.
Item 49. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein a
second one of the abrasive portions comprises a grit size of not
greater than about 1100 grit, not greater than about 1000 grit, not
greater than about 900 grit, not greater than about 800 grit, and
at least about 500 grit, at least about 600 grit, at least about
700 grit.
Item 50. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein a
third one of the abrasive portions comprises a grit size of not
greater than about 2000 grit, not greater than about 1500 grit, not
greater than about 1400 grit, not greater than about 1200 grit, and
at least about 900 grit, at least about 1000 grit, at least about
1100 grit.
Item 51. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile is formed in an exterior surface or perimeter of each
abrasive portion, and circumscribes each abrasive portion.
Item 52. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile is formed by electrical discharge machining (EDM).
Item 53. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile can be re-profiled without damaging the abrasive
article.
Item 54. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile is re-profiled by electrical discharge machining (EDM).
Item 55. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile has an axial dimension of not greater than about 1.5 mm,
not greater than about 1.3 mm, not greater than about 1 mm, not
greater than about 0.7 mm, not greater than about 0.5 mm, not
greater than about 0.3 mm, and the axial dimension is at least
about 0.1 mm, at least about 0.2 mm, or at least about 0.3 mm.
Item 56. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile comprises a flat profile, a flat and arris profile, or a
bullnose profile.
Item 57. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile has a radial grind depth of at least about 0.1 mm, at least
about 0.2 mm, at least about 0.3 mm, or at least about 0.4 mm, and
not greater than about 0.9 mm, not greater than about 0.7 mm, or
not greater than about 0.5 mm.
Item 58. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profile in each abrasive portion is substantially identical.
Item 59. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profiles are at a substantially same radial distance relative to
the axis, but at different axial locations.
Item 60. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profiles differ from each other by less than about 1%, less than
about 0.5%, less than about 0.25%.
Item 61. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
profiles are axially spaced apart from each other in substantially
identical increments.
Item 62. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions do not comprise a resin bond.
Item 63. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions comprise a metal bond.
Item 64. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
metal bond comprises copper and tin.
Item 65. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions comprise at least three abrasive portions.
Item 66. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein each
abrasive portion is configured to grind or polish glass.
Item 67. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
glass comprises a chemically-strengthened, ion exchange glass.
Item 68. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions are not electroplated on the shank.
Item 69. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions are mounted on the shank with an adhesive
bond.
Item 70. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions comprise diamond grit.
Item 71. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein each
abrasive portion comprises a wheel having an axial bore, a diameter
and an axial thickness.
Item 72. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
diameter of each wheel is not greater than about 25 mm, not greater
than about 20 mm, not greater than about 15 mm, not greater than
about 12 mm, or not greater than about 10 mm.
Item 73. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
shank is a single spindle having a proximal portion with a first
diameter, a distal portion with a second diameter that is smaller
than the first diameter, and a shoulder therebetween.
Item 74. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions are mounted on the distal portion, one of the
abrasive portions abuts the shoulder, and another one of the
abrasive portions abuts said one of the abrasive portions and is
axially spaced apart from the shoulder.
Item 75. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein a
diameter of the shank is at least about 1 mm, at least about 2 mm,
at least about 3 mm, at least about 4 mm, at least about 5 mm, and
not greater than about 10 mm, not greater than about 8 mm, not
greater than about 6 mm.
Item 76. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein each
of the abrasive portions is mounted directly to and in contact with
the shank, or to a hub that is directly mounted to the shank, such
that the hub is located between the abrasive portions and the
shank.
Item 77. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions are mounted directly to and in axial abutment
with each other.
Item 78. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions have an outer surface that is substantially
cylindrical.
Item 79. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions have an outer surface that is conical.
Item 80. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein the
abrasive portions are stepped such that outer surfaces thereof have
different maximum radial dimensions.
Item 81. The abrasive article of any of these items, wherein each
abrasive portion comprises a plurality of steps, each step has the
profile, and each step has a different maximum radial dimension
within each abrasive portion.
This written description uses examples to disclose the embodiments,
including the best mode, and also to enable those of ordinary skill
in the art to make and use the invention. The patentable scope is
defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to
those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be
within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements
that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if
they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial
differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Note that not all of the activities described above in the general
description or the examples are required, that a portion of a
specific activity may not be required, and that one or more further
activities may be performed in addition to those described. Still
further, the order in which activities are listed are not
necessarily the order in which they are performed.
In the foregoing specification, the concepts have been described
with reference to specific embodiments. However, one of ordinary
skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes
can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as
set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the specification and
figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a
restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be
included within the scope of invention.
As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes,"
"including," "has," "having" or any other variation thereof, are
intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a
process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of
features is not necessarily limited only to those features but may
include other features not expressly listed or inherent to such
process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly
stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive-or and not to
an exclusive-or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by
any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or
not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or
present), and both A and B are true (or present).
Also, the use of "a" or "an" are employed to describe elements and
components described herein. This is done merely for convenience
and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This
description should be read to include one or at least one and the
singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is
meant otherwise.
Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been
described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the
benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature(s)
that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or
become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical,
required, or essential feature of any or all the claims.
After reading the specification, skilled artisans will appreciate
that certain features are, for clarity, described herein in the
context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in
combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features
that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single
embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any
subcombination. Further, references to values stated in ranges
include each and every value within that range.
* * * * *