U.S. patent number 8,560,147 [Application Number 13/559,054] was granted by the patent office on 2013-10-15 for apparatus, method and article for physical security of power storage devices in vehicles.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Gogoro, Inc.. The grantee listed for this patent is Huang-Cheng Hung, Hok-Sum Horace Luke, Matthew Whiting Taylor, Yi-Tsung Wu. Invention is credited to Huang-Cheng Hung, Hok-Sum Horace Luke, Matthew Whiting Taylor, Yi-Tsung Wu.
United States Patent |
8,560,147 |
Taylor , et al. |
October 15, 2013 |
Apparatus, method and article for physical security of power
storage devices in vehicles
Abstract
A network of collection, charging and distribution machines
collect, charge and distribute portable electrical energy storage
devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors or ultracapacitors). To
avoid theft and tampering of the portable electrical energy storage
devices, by default, each portable electrical energy storage device
is locked in and operably connected to the vehicle to which it
provides power unless the vehicle comes within the vicinity of a
collection, charging and distribution machine or other authorized
external device such as that in a service center. Once within the
vicinity of a collection, charging and distribution machine or
other authorized external device a locking mechanism in the vehicle
or within the portable electrical energy storage device unlocks and
allows the portable electrical energy storage device to be
exchanged or serviced.
Inventors: |
Taylor; Matthew Whiting (North
Bend, WA), Wu; Yi-Tsung (New Taipei, TW), Luke;
Hok-Sum Horace (Mercer Island, WA), Hung; Huang-Cheng
(Taoyuan, TW) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Taylor; Matthew Whiting
Wu; Yi-Tsung
Luke; Hok-Sum Horace
Hung; Huang-Cheng |
North Bend
New Taipei
Mercer Island
Taoyuan |
WA
N/A
WA
N/A |
US
TW
US
TW |
|
|
Assignee: |
Gogoro, Inc. (Guishan Township,
TW)
|
Family
ID: |
54199467 |
Appl.
No.: |
13/559,054 |
Filed: |
July 26, 2012 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20130030608 A1 |
Jan 31, 2013 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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61511900 |
Jul 26, 2011 |
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61647936 |
May 16, 2012 |
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61534753 |
Sep 14, 2011 |
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61534761 |
Sep 14, 2011 |
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61534772 |
Sep 14, 2011 |
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61511887 |
Jul 26, 2011 |
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61647941 |
May 16, 2012 |
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61511880 |
Jul 26, 2011 |
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61557170 |
Nov 8, 2011 |
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61581566 |
Dec 29, 2011 |
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61601404 |
Feb 21, 2012 |
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61601949 |
Feb 22, 2012 |
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61601953 |
Feb 22, 2012 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
701/2; 701/22;
340/5.8 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60L
3/0069 (20130101); B60L 3/0046 (20130101); G06Q
30/0261 (20130101); E05B 81/56 (20130101); B60L
53/305 (20190201); G06Q 30/0639 (20130101); H01M
10/4257 (20130101); B60L 58/16 (20190201); B60L
3/0061 (20130101); H01M 10/441 (20130101); B60L
53/665 (20190201); G06Q 30/0259 (20130101); B60L
7/06 (20130101); B60L 15/2045 (20130101); B60L
50/66 (20190201); G06F 3/0671 (20130101); H01M
10/425 (20130101); B60L 53/65 (20190201); G06F
3/0608 (20130101); B60L 53/68 (20190201); B60L
50/51 (20190201); H02J 7/007 (20130101); B60L
55/00 (20190201); G06F 3/0638 (20130101); B60L
7/22 (20130101); B60L 58/10 (20190201); G07C
5/0858 (20130101); B60L 7/14 (20130101); H02J
7/00 (20130101); H02J 7/0013 (20130101); B60L
1/003 (20130101); G01C 21/3476 (20130101); G06Q
30/0253 (20130101); G07C 5/00 (20130101); B60L
50/40 (20190201); B60L 58/26 (20190201); G06Q
10/02 (20130101); G01C 21/3682 (20130101); G06Q
30/0267 (20130101); B60L 53/80 (20190201); H01M
10/482 (20130101); H02J 4/00 (20130101); B60L
1/14 (20130101); B60L 3/003 (20130101); B60L
1/02 (20130101); B60L 2200/12 (20130101); B60L
2240/427 (20130101); B60L 2250/18 (20130101); H02J
7/00045 (20200101); B60L 2210/14 (20130101); B60L
2250/20 (20130101); B60L 2240/70 (20130101); B60L
2260/44 (20130101); H01M 2220/20 (20130101); Y02T
10/92 (20130101); B60L 2220/46 (20130101); B60L
2240/642 (20130101); Y04S 30/14 (20130101); Y04S
50/14 (20130101); B60L 2240/12 (20130101); B60L
2240/662 (20130101); Y02T 90/169 (20130101); Y04S
10/126 (20130101); B60L 2240/545 (20130101); Y10T
70/7062 (20150401); B60L 2240/429 (20130101); Y02T
10/7072 (20130101); B60L 2240/622 (20130101); B60L
2240/645 (20130101); Y04S 30/12 (20130101); B60L
2240/423 (20130101); B60L 2250/22 (20130101); B60L
2240/26 (20130101); Y02T 90/12 (20130101); Y04S
50/10 (20130101); B60L 2250/10 (20130101); Y02T
90/14 (20130101); B60L 2240/421 (20130101); Y02T
10/64 (20130101); B60L 2210/12 (20130101); B60L
2260/52 (20130101); B60L 2250/16 (20130101); H01M
2220/30 (20130101); Y02T 10/72 (20130101); B60L
2220/16 (20130101); H01M 2010/4278 (20130101); Y02E
60/10 (20130101); B60L 2240/525 (20130101); Y02T
90/16 (20130101); Y02E 60/00 (20130101); Y02T
10/70 (20130101); B60L 2270/46 (20130101); Y02T
90/167 (20130101); B60L 2220/14 (20130101); B60L
2210/30 (20130101); B60L 2240/14 (20130101); B60L
2270/34 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G05D
1/00 (20060101); G05B 19/00 (20060101); B60L
9/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;701/2,22,32.6
;340/5.8,5.81,5.85,5.82,5.61 ;307/9.1,10.1,10.2,10.7
;446/454-456,484 ;320/109,104,113 |
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Primary Examiner: Cheung; Mary
Assistant Examiner: Butler; Rodney
Attorney, Agent or Firm: SeedIP Law Group PLLC
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of the
filing date of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No.
61/511,900 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR COLLECTION,
CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES, SUCH AS BATTERIES"
and filed Jul. 26, 2011, U.S. provisional patent application Ser.
No. 61/647,936 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR
COLLECTION, CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES, SUCH
AS BATTERIES" and filed May 16, 2012, U.S. provisional patent
application Ser. No. 61/534,753 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND
ARTICLE FOR REDISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES, SUCH AS
BATTERIES, BETWEEN COLLECTION, CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINES"
and filed Sep. 14, 2011, U.S. provisional patent application Ser.
No. 61/534,761 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR
AUTHENTICATION, SECURITY AND CONTROL OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES SUCH
AS BATTERIES" and filed Sep. 14, 2011, U.S. provisional patent
application Ser. No. 61/534,772 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND
ARTICLE FOR AUTHENTICATION, SECURITY AND CONTROL OF POWER STORAGE
DEVICES, SUCH AS BATTERIES, BASED ON USER PROFILES" and filed Sep.
14, 2011, U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/511,887
entitled "THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF COMPONENTS IN ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVE
VEHICLES" and filed Jul. 26, 2011, U.S. provisional patent
application Ser. No. 61/647,941 entitled "THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF
COMPONENTS IN ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVE VEHICLES" and filed May 16,
2012, U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/511,880
entitled "DYNAMICALLY LIMITING VEHICLE OPERATION FOR BEST EFFORT
ECONOMY" and filed Jul. 26, 2011, U.S. provisional patent
application Ser. No. 61/557,170 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD, AND
ARTICLE FOR PHYSICAL SECURITY OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES IN VEHICLES"
and filed Nov. 8, 2011, U.S. provisional patent application Ser.
No. 61/581,566 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR A POWER
STORAGE DEVICE COMPARTMENT" and filed Dec. 29, 2011, U.S.
provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/601,404 entitled
"APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC
DATA" and filed Feb. 21, 2012 , U.S. provisional patent application
Ser. No. 61/601,949 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR
PROVIDING LOCATIONS OF POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION, CHARGING
AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINES" and filed Feb. 22, 2012, and U.S.
provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/601,953 entitled
"APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION REGARDING
AVAILABILITY OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES AT A POWER STORAGE DEVICE
COLLECTION, CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINE" and filed Feb. 22,
2012.
Claims
We claim:
1. A portable electrical energy storage device security system
comprising: at least one controller; and at least one
communications module coupled to the at least one controller,
wherein the at least one controller is configured to: receive
information regarding authentication of an external device via the
communications module; and make a determination regarding unlocking
the portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism
based on the received information regarding authentication, the at
least one controller being configured to make the determination at
least by being configured to: generate a challenge key to send to
the external device; send the challenge key to the external device;
receive a response from the external device to the sending of the
challenge key, the response including a response code as part of
the information regarding authentication; generate an output from a
secret algorithm using a secret key and the response code as input,
the secret algorithm and the secret key configured to be known only
to the portable electrical energy storage device security system
and one or more authorized external devices; and compare the output
from the secret algorithm to the response code, and wherein the at
least one controller is configured to make the determination
regarding unlocking the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism based at least on the comparison; and in response
to receiving the information regarding authentication and, based on
the determination, unlock a portable electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism to allow the portable electrical energy
storage device to be removed from being operably connected to a
vehicle.
2. The portable electrical energy storage device security system of
claim 1 wherein the configured portable electrical energy storage
device security system is coupled to the vehicle or is integrated
as part of the portable electrical energy storage device.
3. The portable electrical energy storage device security system of
claim 1 wherein the external device is a device located at a
vehicle service center.
4. The portable electrical energy storage device security system of
claim, wherein the at least one communications module is configured
to receive the information regarding authentication of the external
device via a wireless signal and communicate the information to the
at least one controller to unlock the portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism in order to allow the portable
electrical energy storage device to be removed from being operably
connected to the vehicle.
5. A portable electrical energy storage device security system
comprising: at least one controller; at least one communications
module coupled to the at least one controller; a portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism coupled to the
at least one controller; and a switch coupled to the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism and the at least
one controller, the switch configured to be activated by a control
signal generated by the at least one controller of the configured
portable electrical energy storage device security system, wherein
the controller is configured to: receive information regarding
authentication of an external device via the communications module;
in response to receiving the information regarding authentication,
unlock the portable electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism to allow the portable electrical energy storage device to
be removed from being operably connected to a vehicle by at least
being configured to send the control signal in a manner to unlock
the portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism in
order to allow the portable electrical energy storage device to be
removed from being operably connected to the vehicle, if the
external device is authenticated based on the information regarding
authentication; and send the control signal in a manner to lock the
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism in
order to prevent the portable electrical energy storage device from
being removed from being operably connected to the vehicle, if,
after a defined period of time, the information regarding
authentication of the external device has not been received via the
communications module.
6. The portable electrical energy storage device security system of
claim 5 wherein the at least one controller is configured to
receive the information regarding authentication via a wireless
signal transmitted from the external device, and wherein the
wireless signal transmitted from the external device is not
detectable outside a specified maximum range from the portable
electrical energy storage device security system communications
module.
7. The portable electrical energy storage device security system of
claim 6 wherein the wireless signal includes a rolling code for the
authentication of the external device by the at least one
controller.
8. The portable electrical energy storage device security system of
claim 5, further comprising: a power interface coupled to the at
least one controller and configured to be coupled to the portable
electrical energy storage device and the electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism to provide power to the electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism.
9. The portable electrical energy storage device security system of
claim 8 wherein the power interface is configured to be coupled to
an auxiliary power source other than the portable electrical energy
storage device to provide power to the electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism should the portable electrical energy
storage device be not able to provide enough power to operate the
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism.
10. A method of operating a portable electric energy storage device
security system, the method comprising: receiving, by the portable
electrical storage device security system, information regarding
authentication of an external device; making a determination, by
the portable electrical energy storage device security system,
regarding unlocking a portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism to allow a portable electrical energy storage
device to be removed from being operably connected to a vehicle,
based on the information regarding authentication; sending a signal
from a controller of the portable electrical energy storage device
security system in a manner to unlock the portable electrical
energy storage device locking mechanism in order to allow the
portable electrical energy storage device to be removed from being
operably connected to the vehicle, if the external device is
authenticated based on the information regarding authentication;
and sending a signal from the controller of the portable electrical
energy storage device security system in a manner to lock the
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism in
order to prevent the portable electrical energy storage device from
being removed from being operably connected to the vehicle, if,
after a defined period of time, the information regarding
authentication of the external device has not been received via a
communications module of the portable electrical energy storage
device.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the portable electrical energy
storage device security system is integrated as part of the
portable electrical energy storage device.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the portable electrical energy
storage device security system is coupled to the vehicle.
13. A method of operating a portable electrical energy storage
device security system, the method comprising: receiving, by the
portable electrical energy storage device security system.
information regarding authentication of an external device; making
a determination, by the portable electrical energy storage device
security system, regarding unlocking a portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism to allow a portable electrical
energy storage device to be removed from being operably connected
to a vehicle, based on the information regarding authentication,
wherein the making the determination includes comparing a code from
the received information regarding authentication to one or more
codes associated with the portable electrical energy storage device
security system; unlocking the portable electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism to allow the portable electrical energy
storage device to be removed from being operably connected to the
vehicle if the code from the received information regarding
authentication matches one of the one or more codes associated with
the portable electrical energy storage device; and locking the
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism in
order to prevent the portable electrical energy storage device from
being removed from being operably connected to the vehicle, if
after a defined period of time, the information regarding
authentication of the external device has not been received via a
communications module of the portable electrical energy storage
device or if, after a defined period of time, a code from the
received information can no longer be matched to at least one or
one of one or more codes currently associated with the portable
electrical energy storage device security system.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the making the determination
regarding unlocking the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism includes: generating a challenge key to send to
the external device; sending the challenge key to the external
device; receiving a response from the external device to the
sending of the challenge key, the response including a response
code as part of the information regarding authentication;
generating an output from a secret algorithm using a secret key and
the response code as input, the secret algorithm and the secret key
configured to be known only to the portable electrical energy
storage device security system and one or more authorized external
devices; and comparing the output from the secret algorithm to the
response code, and wherein making the determination regarding
unlocking the portable electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism is based at least on the comparison.
15. A portable electrical energy storage device, comprising: a
battery cell; and a security system operably coupled to the cell,
the security system including: at least one controller; at least
one communications module coupled to the at least one controller; a
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism coupled
to the at least one controller; and a switch coupled to the
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism and the
at least one controller, the switch configured to be activated by a
control signal generated by the at least one controller of the
configured portable electrical energy storage device security
system, wherein the controller is configured to: receive
information regarding authentication of an external device via the
communications module; in response to receiving the information
regarding authentication, unlock the portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism to allow the portable electrical
energy storage device to be removed from being operably connected
to a vehicle by at least being configured to send the control
signal in a manner to unlock the portable electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism in order to allow the portable electrical
energy storage device to be removed from being operably connected
to the vehicle, if the external device is authenticated based on
the information regarding authentication; and send the control
signal in a manner to lock the portable electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism in order to prevent the portable
electrical energy storage device from being removed from being
operably connected to the vehicle, if, after a defined period of
time, the information regarding authentication of the external
device has not been received via the communications module.
16. The portable electrical energy storage device of claim 15
wherein at least one communications module coupled to the at least
one controller, wherein the at least one controller is configured
to: make a determination regarding unlocking the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism to allow the
portable electrical energy storage device to be removed from being
operably connected to the vehicle, based on the information
regarding authentication.
17. The portable electrical energy storage device of claim 15
further comprising: a power interface that is configured to be
coupled to the at least one controller and to an auxiliary power
source other than the portable electrical energy storage device to
provide power to the electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism should the portable electrical energy storage device be
not able to provide enough power to operate the electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism.
18. The portable electrical energy storage device of claim 15
wherein a security system operably coupled to the cell, the
security system is configured to: receive the information regarding
authentication of an external device via a wireless signal
transmitted from a portable electrical energy storage device
collection, charging and distribution machine, and wherein the
wireless signal received from the collection, charging and
distribution machine is not detectable outside a specified maximum
range from a communications module of the portable electrical
energy storage device security system; and allow the portable
electrical energy storage device to be removed from being operably
connected to the vehicle, based on the information received
wirelessly regarding authentication of the external device.
19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having
computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed
by at least one computer processor, cause the at least one computer
processor to: cause a portable electrical energy storage device
security system to receive information regarding authentication of
an external device via a communications module; make a
determination, by the portable electrical energy storage device
security system, regarding unlocking a portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism to allow a portable electrical
energy storage device to be removed from being operably connected
to a vehicle, based on the information regarding authentication;
send a signal from a controller of the portable electrical energy
storage device security system in a manner to unlock the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism in order to
allow the portable electrical energy storage device to be removed
from being operably connected to the vehicle, if the external
device is authenticated based on the information regarding
authentication; and send a signal from the controller of the
portable electrical energy storage device security system in a
manner to lock the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism in order to prevent the portable electrical
energy storage device from being removed from being operably
connected to the vehicle, if, after a defined period of time, the
information regarding authentication of the external device has not
been received via a communications module of the portable
electrical energy storage device.
20. A portable electrical energy storage device security system
comprising: at least one controller; and at least one
communications module coupled to the at least one controller,
wherein the at least one controller is configured to: receive, via
the communications module, information regarding authentication of
an external device; make a determination regarding unlocking a
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism to
allow a portable electrical energy storage device to be removed
from being operably connected to a vehicle, based on the
information regarding authentication, wherein the making the
determination includes comparing a code from the received
information regarding authentication to one or more codes
associated with the portable electrical energy storage device
security system; send a signal to unlock a portable electrical
energy storage device locking mechanism to allow the portable
electrical energy storage device to be removed from being operably
connected to the vehicle if the code from the received information
regarding authentication matches one of the one or more codes
associated with the portable electrical energy storage device; and
send a signal to lock the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism in order to prevent the portable electrical
energy storage device from being removed from being operably
connected to the vehicle, if, after a defined period of time, the
information regarding authentication of the external device has not
been received via the communications module of the portable
electrical energy storage device security system or if, after a
defined period of time, a code from the received information can no
longer be matched to at least one or one of one or more codes
currently associated with the portable electrical energy storage
device security system.
21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having
computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed
by at least one computer processor, cause the at least one computer
processor to: receive information regarding authentication of an
external device via a communications module; and make a
determination regarding unlocking the portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism based on the received information
regarding authentication, wherein the computer-executable
instructions cause the at least one computer processor to make the
determination at least by causing the at least one computer
processor to: generate a challenge key to send to the external
device; send the challenge key to the external device; receive a
response from the external device to the sending of the challenge
key, the response including a response code as part of the
information regarding authentication; generate an output from a
secret algorithm using a secret key and the response code as input,
the secret algorithm and the secret key configured to be known only
to the portable electrical energy storage device security system
and one or more authorized external devices; compare the output
from the secret algorithm to the response code, and wherein the
computer-executable instructions cause the at least one computer
processor to make the determination regarding unlocking the
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism based
at least on the comparison; and in response to receiving the
information regarding authentication and, based on the
determination, cause a controller to unlock a portable electrical
energy storage device locking mechanism to allow the portable
electrical energy storage device to be removed from being operably
connected to a vehicle.
22. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having
computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed
by at least one computer processor, cause the at least one computer
processor to: receive, via a communication module, information
regarding authentication of an external device; make a
determination regarding unlocking a portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism to allow a portable electrical
energy storage device to be removed from being operably connected
to a vehicle, based on the information regarding authentication,
wherein the making the determination includes comparing a code from
the received information regarding authentication to one or more
codes associated with the portable electrical energy storage device
security system; send a signal to unlock a portable electrical
energy storage device locking mechanism to allow the portable
electrical energy storage device to be removed from being operably
connected to the vehicle if the code from the received information
regarding authentication matches one of the one or more codes
associated with the portable electrical energy storage device; and
send a signal to lock the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism in order to prevent the portable electrical
energy storage device from being removed from being operably
connected to the vehicle, if, after a defined period of time, the
information regarding authentication of the external device has not
been received via the communications module of the portable
electrical energy storage device or if, after a defined period of
time, a code from the received information can no longer be matched
to at least one or one of one or more codes currently associated
with the portable electrical energy storage device security system.
Description
BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
The present disclosure generally relates to the physical security
of power storage devices, and particularly to the physical security
of power storage devices in vehicles.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are a wide variety of uses or applications for portable
electrical power storage devices.
One such application is in the field of transportation. Hybrid and
all-electric vehicles are becoming increasingly common. Such
vehicles may achieve a number of advantages over traditional
internal combustion engine vehicles. For example, hybrid or
electrical vehicles may achieve higher fuel economy and may have
little or even zero tail pipe pollution. In particular,
all-electric vehicles may not only have zero tail pipe pollution,
but may be associated with lower overall pollution. For example,
electrical power may be generated from renewable sources (e.g.,
solar, hydro). Also for example, electrical power may be generated
at generation plants that produce no air pollution (e.g., nuclear
plants). Also for example, electrical power may be generated at
generation plants that burn relatively "clean burning" fuels (e.g.,
natural gas), which have higher efficiency than internal combustion
engines, and/or which employ pollution control or removal systems
(e.g., industrial air scrubbers) which are too large, costly or
expensive for use with individual vehicles.
Personal transportation vehicles such as combustion engine powered
scooters and/or motorbikes are ubiquitous in many places, for
example in the many large cities of Asia. Such scooters and/or
motorbikes tend to be relatively inexpensive, particular as
compared to automobiles, cars or trucks. Cities with high numbers
of combustion engine scooters and/or motorbikes also tend to be
very densely populated and suffer from high levels of air
pollution. When new, many combustion engine scooters and/or
motorbikes are equipped with a relatively low polluting source of
personal transportation. For instance, such scooters and/or
motorbikes may have higher mileage ratings than larger vehicles.
Some scooters and/or motorbikes may even be equipped with basic
pollution control equipment (e.g., catalytic converter).
Unfortunately, factory specified levels of emission are quickly
exceeded as the scooters and/or motorbikes are used and either not
maintained and/or as the scooters and/or motorbikes are modified,
for example by intentional or unintentional removal of catalytic
converters. Often owners or operators of scooters and/or motorbikes
lack the financial resources or the motivation to maintain their
vehicles.
It is known that air pollution has a negative effect on human
health, being associated with causing or exacerbating various
diseases (e.g., various reports tie air pollution to emphysema,
asthma, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis as well as various
cardiovascular diseases). Such diseases take large numbers of lives
and severely reduce the quality of life of countless others.
BRIEF SUMMARY
A portable electrical energy storage device security system for a
portable electrical energy storage device may be summarized as
including at least one controller; and at least one communications
module coupled to the at least one controller, wherein the at least
one controller is configured to: receive information regarding
authentication of an external device via the communications module;
and in response to receiving the information regarding
authentication, unlock a portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism to allow the portable electrical energy storage
device to be removed from being operably connected to a
vehicle.
The at least one controller may be configured to make a
determination regarding unlocking the portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism based on the received information
regarding authentication. The least one controller may be further
configured to: generate a challenge key to send to the external
device; send the challenge key to the external device; receive a
response from the external device to the sending of the challenge
key, the response including a response code as part of the
information regarding authentication; generate an output from a
secret algorithm using a secret key and the response code as input,
the secret algorithm and the secret key configured to be known only
to the portable electrical energy storage device security system
and one or more authorized external devices; and comparing the
output from the secret algorithm to the response code, and wherein
the at least one controller is configured to make the determination
regarding unlocking the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism based at least on the comparison. The configured
portable electrical energy storage device security system may be
coupled to the vehicle or may be integrated as part of the portable
electrical energy storage device. The external device may be a
portable electrical energy storage device collection and charging
machine. The external device may be a device located at a vehicle
service center. The at least one communications module may be
configured to receive the information regarding authentication of
the external device via a wireless signal and communicate the
information to the at least one controller to unlock the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism in order to
allow the portable electrical energy storage device to be removed
from being operably connected to the vehicle. The portable
electrical energy storage device security system may further
include the portable electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism coupled to the at least one controller; and a switch
coupled to the portable electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism and the at least one controller, the switch configured to
be activated by a control signal generated by the at least one
controller of the configured portable electrical energy storage
device security system, wherein the controller is configured to:
send the signal in a manner to unlock the portable electrical
energy storage device locking mechanism in order to allow the
portable electrical energy storage device to be removed from being
operably connected to the vehicle, if the external device is
authenticated based on the information regarding authentication;
and send the signal in a manner to lock the portable electrical
energy storage device locking mechanism in order to prevent the
portable electrical energy storage device from being removed from
being operably connected to the vehicle, if, after a defined period
of time, the information regarding authentication of the external
device can no longer be received via the communications module. The
at least one controller may be configured to receive the
information regarding authentication via a wireless signal
transmitted from the external device. In some embodiments, the
wireless signal transmitted from the external device is not
detectable outside a specified maximum range from the portable
electrical energy storage device security system communications
module. The wireless signal may include a rolling code for the
authentication of the external device by the at least one
controller. The portable electrical energy storage device security
system may further include a power interface coupled to the at
least one controller and configured to be coupled to the portable
electrical energy storage device and the electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism to provide power to the electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism. The power interface may be
configured to be coupled to an auxiliary power source other than
the portable electrical energy storage device to provide power to
the electrical energy storage device locking mechanism should the
portable electrical energy storage device be not able to provide
enough power to operate the electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism.
A method of operating a portable electrical energy storage device
security system may be summarized as including receiving, by the
portable electrical energy storage device security system,
information regarding authentication of an external device; and
making a determination, by the portable electrical energy storage
device security system, regarding unlocking a portable electrical
energy storage device locking mechanism to allow a portable
electrical energy storage device to be removed from being operably
connected to a vehicle, based on the information regarding
authentication.
The receiving the information may include receiving the information
regarding authentication via a wireless signal transmitted from a
portable electrical energy storage device collection, charging and
distribution machine, and wherein the wireless signal received from
the collection, charging and distribution machine may not be
detectable outside a specified maximum range from a communications
module of the portable electrical energy storage device security
system. The method may further include sending a signal from a
controller of the portable electrical energy storage device
security system in a manner to unlock the portable electrical
energy storage device locking mechanism in order to allow the
portable electrical energy storage device to be removed from being
operably connected to the vehicle, if the external device is
authenticated based on the information regarding authentication;
and sending a signal from the controller of the portable electrical
energy storage device security system in a manner to lock the
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism in
order to prevent the portable electrical energy storage device from
being removed from being operably connected to the vehicle, if,
after a defined period of time, the information regarding
authentication of the external device can no longer continue to be
received via a communications module of the portable electrical
energy storage device. The portable electrical energy storage
device security system may be integrated as part of the portable
electrical energy storage device. The portable electrical energy
storage device security system may be coupled to the vehicle. The
making the determination may include comparing a code from the
received information regarding authentication to one or more codes
associated with the portable electrical energy storage device
security system and may further include unlocking the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism to allow the
portable electrical energy storage device to be removed from being
operably connected to the vehicle if the code from the received
information regarding authentication matches one of the one or more
codes associated with the portable electrical energy storage
device; and locking the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism in order to prevent the portable electrical
energy storage device from being removed from being operably
connected to the vehicle, if, after a defined period of time, the
information regarding authentication of the external device can no
longer be received via a communications module of the portable
electrical energy storage device or if, after a defined period of
time, a code from the received information can no longer be matched
to at least one or one of one or more codes currently associated
with the portable electrical energy storage device security system.
The method may further include generating a challenge key to send
to the external device; sending the challenge key to the external
device; receiving a response from the external device to the
sending of the challenge key, the response including a response
code as part of the information regarding authentication;
generating an output from a secret algorithm using a secret key and
the response code as input, the secret algorithm and the secret key
configured to be known only to the portable electrical energy
storage device security system and one or more authorized external
devices; and comparing the output from the secret algorithm to the
response code, and wherein making the determination regarding
unlocking the portable electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism is based at least on the comparison.
A portable electrical energy storage device may be summarized as
including a battery cell; and a security system operably coupled to
the cell, the security system configured to allow the portable
electrical energy storage device to be removed from being operably
connected to a vehicle, based on information received wirelessly
regarding authentication of an external device.
The security system may include at least one controller; and at
least one communications module coupled to the at least one
controller, wherein the at least one controller is configured to:
receive information regarding authentication of an external device
via the communications module; and make a determination regarding
unlocking a portable electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism to allow the portable electrical energy storage device to
be removed from being operably connected to the vehicle, based on
the information regarding authentication. The security system may
further include the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism coupled to the at least one controller; and a
power interface that is configured to be coupled to the at least
one controller and to an auxiliary power source other than the
portable electrical energy storage device to provide power to the
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism should the
portable electrical energy storage device be not able to provide
enough power to operate the electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar
elements or acts. The sizes and relative positions of elements in
the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the
shapes of various elements and angles are not drawn to scale, and
some of these elements are arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to
improve drawing legibility. Further, the particular shapes of the
elements as drawn, are not intended to convey any information
regarding the actual shape of the particular elements, and have
been solely selected for ease of recognition in the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a collection, charging and
distribution machine along with a number of electrical power
storage devices according to one non-limiting illustrated
embodiment, along with an electric scooter or motorbike, and an
electrical service provided via an electrical grid.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the collection, charging and
distribution machine of FIG. 1, according to one non-limiting
illustrated embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a portable electrical energy storage
device physical security system for the portable electrical energy
storage device of the scooter or motorbike of FIG. 1 in wireless
communication in one instance with the collection, charging and
distribution machine of FIG. 1 and in another instance with a
scooter or motorbike service center, according to one non-limiting
illustrated embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the locking mechanism controller of
FIG. 3, according to one non-limiting illustrated embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the portable
electrical energy storage device of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 coupled to
the portable electrical energy storage device physical security
system of FIG. 3 and locked in an operable position within the
scooter of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, according to one non-limiting
illustrated embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional elevation view of an alternative
embodiment of the portable electrical energy storage device of FIG.
1 and FIG. 3 in which the portable electrical energy storage device
physical security system of FIG. 3 is integrated with and part of
the portable electrical energy storage device of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3,
according to one non-limiting illustrated alternative
embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing a high level method of operating
the locking mechanism controller of FIGS. 3-6, according to one
non-limiting illustrated embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram showing a low level method of operating
the locking mechanism controller of FIGS. 3-6, according to one
non-limiting illustrated embodiment, including accepting the
portable electrical energy storage device charge, useful in the
method of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram showing a low level method of operating
the locking mechanism controller of FIGS. 3-6, according to one
non-limiting illustrated embodiment, including sending a signal to
lock and unlock the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism, useful in the method of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following description, certain specific details are set
forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various
disclosed embodiments. However, one skilled in the relevant art
will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or
more of these specific details, or with other methods, components,
materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures
associated with vending apparatus, batteries, locking mechanisms,
wireless technologies, supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, power
converters including but not limited to transformers, rectifiers,
DC/DC power converters, switch mode power converters, controllers,
and communications systems and structures and networks have not
been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring
descriptions of the embodiments.
Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification
and claims which follow, the word "comprise" and variations
thereof, such as, "comprises" and "comprising" are to be construed
in an open, inclusive sense that is as "including, but not limited
to."
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an
embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or
characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is
included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the
phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places
throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to
the same embodiment.
The use of ordinals such as first, second and third does not
necessarily imply a ranked sense of order, but rather may only
distinguish between multiple instances of an act or structure.
Reference to portable electrical power storage device means any
device capable of storing electrical power and releasing stored
electrical power including but not limited to batteries,
supercapacitors or ultracapacitors. Reference to batteries means
chemical storage cell or cells, for instance rechargeable or
secondary battery cells including but not limited to nickel cadmium
alloy or lithium ion battery cells.
The headings and Abstract of the Disclosure provided herein are for
convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the
embodiments.
FIG. 1 shows an environment 100 including a collection, charging
and distribution machine 102, according to one illustrated
embodiment.
The collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may take the
form of a vending machine or kiosk. The collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 has a plurality of receivers, compartments
or receptacles 104a, 104b-104n (only three called out in FIG. 1,
collectively 104) to removably receive portable electrical energy
storage devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors or
ultracapacitors) 106a-106n (collectively 106) for collection,
charging and distribution. As illustrated in FIG. 1, some of the
receivers 104 are empty, while other receivers 104 hold portable
electrical energy storage devices 106. While
FIG. 1 shows a single portable electrical energy storage device 106
per receiver 104, in some embodiments each receiver 104 may hold
two or even more portable electrical energy storage devices 106.
For example, each of the receivers 104 may be sufficiently deep to
receive three portable electrical energy storage devices 106. Thus,
for example, the collection, charging and distribution machine 102
illustrated in FIG. 1 may have a capacity capable of simultaneously
holding 40, 80 or 120 portable electrical energy storage devices
106.
The portable electrical energy storage devices 106 may take a
variety of forms, for example batteries (e.g., array of battery
cells) or supercapacitors or ultracapacitors (e.g., array of
ultracapacitor cells). For example, the portable electrical energy
storage device 106z may take the form of rechargeable batteries
(i.e., secondary cells or batteries). The portable electrical
energy storage device 106z may, for instance, be sized to
physically fit, and electrically power, personal transportation
vehicles, such as all-electric scooters or motorbikes 108. As
previously noted, combustion engine scooters and motorbikes are
common in many large cities, for example in Asia, Europe and the
Middle East. The ability to conveniently access charged batteries
throughout a city or region may facilitate the use of all-electric
scooters and motorbikes 108 in place of combustion engine scooters
and motorbikes, thereby alleviating air pollution, as well as
reducing noise.
The portable electrical energy storage devices 106 (only visible
for portable electrical energy storage device 106z) may include a
number of electrical terminals 110a, 110b (two illustrated,
collectively 110), accessible from an exterior of the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z. The electrical terminals 110
allow charge to be delivered from the portable electrical energy
storage device 106z, as well as allow charge to be delivered to the
portable electrical energy storage device 106z for charging or
recharging the same. While illustrated in FIG. 1 as posts, the
electrical terminals 110 may take any other form which is
accessible from an exterior of the portable electrical energy
storage device 106z, including electrical terminals positioned
within slots in a battery housing. As the portable electrical
energy storage devices 106 may be lent, leased, and/or rented out
to the public, it is desirable to control how and in what
circumstances the portable electrical energy storage devices 106
may be removed from being operably connected to the vehicle for
which they provide power. This control of the physical security of
the portable electrical energy storage devices 106 helps to prevent
theft and/or misuse of the portable electrical energy storage
devices 106. Systems and methods for physical security of the
portable electrical energy storage devices 106, including a
security system for controlling removal of the portable electrical
energy storage devices 106 from a vehicle, are described in more
detail below with reference to FIGS. 3-9, and are useful in the
overall system for collection, charging and distribution of the
portable electrical energy storage devices 106 described
herein.
The collection, charging and distribution machine 102 is positioned
at some location 112 at which the collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 is conveniently and easily accessible by
various end users. The location may take any of a large variety of
forms, for example, a retail environment such as a convenience
store, supermarket, gas or petrol station, or service or service
center. Alternatively, the collection, charging and distribution
machine 102 may stand alone at a location 112 not associated with
an existing retail or other business, for example in public parks
or other public places. Thus, for example, collection, charging and
distribution machines 102 may be located at each store of a chain
of convenience stores throughout a city or region. Such may
advantageously rely on the fact that convenience stores are often
sited or distributed based on convenience to the target population
or demographic. Such may advantageously rely on pre-existing leases
on storefronts or other retail locations to allow an extensive
network of collection, charging and distribution machines 102 to be
quickly developed in a city or region. Quickly achieving a large
network that provides for physical security of the of portable
electrical energy storage devices 106 while in the all-electric
scooters or motorbikes 108 enhances the ability to depend on such a
system and likely commercial success of such an effort.
The location 112 may include an electrical service 114 to receive
electrical power from a generating station (not shown) for example
via a grid 116. The electrical service 114 may, for example,
include one or more of an electrical service meter 114a, a circuit
panel (e.g., circuit breaker panel or fuse box) 114b, wiring 114c,
and electrical outlet 114d. Where the location 112 is an existing
retail or convenience store, the electrical service 114 may be an
existing electrical service, so may be somewhat limited in rating
(e.g., 120 volts, 240 volts, 220 volts, 230 volts, 15 amps).
Optionally, the collection, charging and distribution machine 102
may include or be coupled to a source of renewable electrical
power. For example, where installed in an outside location the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may include an
array of photovoltaic (PV) cells 118 to produce electrical power
from solar insolation. Alternatively, the collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 may be electrically coupled to a
microturbine (e.g., wind turbine) or PV array positioned elsewhere
at the location 112, for instance on a roof top or mounted at a top
of a pole (not shown).
The collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may be
communicatively coupled to one or more remotely located computer
systems, such as back end or back office systems (only one shown)
120. The back end or back office systems 120 may collect data from
and/or control a plurality of collection, charging and distribution
machines 102 distributed about an area, such as a city.
In some embodiments, the back end or back office systems 120 may
collect data from and/or control a plurality of the portable
electrical energy storage devices 106, such as by generating,
tracking, sending and/or receiving one or more codes included in a
wireless signal 126 sent by the collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 to an all-electric scooter or motorbike
108 or other vehicle. The sending and/or receiving one or more
codes enables access to the portable electrical energy storage
devices 106 for removal from a respective all-electric scooter or
motorbike 108 while the all-electric scooter or motorbike 108 is in
the vicinity of the collection, charging and distribution machine
102. The communications between the back end or back office systems
120 and the collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may
occur over one or more communications channels including one or
more networks 122, or non-networked communications channels.
Communications may be over one or more wired communications
channels (e.g., twisted pair wiring, optical fiber), wireless
communications channels (e.g., radio, microwave, satellite, 801.11
compliant). Networked communications channels may include one or
more local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs),
extranets, intranets, or the Internet including the World Wide Web
portion of the Internet.
The collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may include a
user interface 124. The user interface may include a variety of
input/output (I/O) devices to allow an end user to interact with
the collection, charging and distribution machine 102. Various I/O
devices are called out and described in reference to FIG. 2, which
follows.
FIG. 2 shows the collection, charging and distribution machine 102
of FIG. 1, according to one illustrated embodiment.
The collection, charging and distribution machine 102 includes a
control subsystem 202, a charging subsystem 204, a communications
subsystem 206, and a user interface subsystem 208.
The control subsystem 202 includes a controller 210, for example a
microprocessor, microcontroller, programmable logic controller
(PLC), programmable gate array (PGA), application specific
integrated circuit (ASIC) or another controller capable of
receiving signals from various sensors, performing logical
operations, and sending signals to various components. Typically,
the controller 210 may take the form of a microprocessor (e.g.,
INTEL, AMD, ATOM). The control subsystem 202 may also include one
or more non-transitory processor- or computer-readable storage
media, for example read only memory (ROM) 212, random access memory
(RAM) 214, and data store 216 (e.g., solid-state storage media such
as flash memory or EEPROM, or spinning storage media such as hard
disk). The non-transitory processor- or computer-readable storage
media 212, 214, 216 may be in addition to any non-transitory
storage medium (e.g., registers) which is part of the controller
210. The control subsystem 202 may include one or more buses 218
(only one illustrated) coupling various components together, for
example one or more power buses, instruction buses, data buses,
etc.
As illustrated, the ROM 212, or some other one of the
non-transitory processor- or computer-readable storage media 212,
214, 216, stores instructions and/or data or values for variables
or parameters. The sets of data may take a variety of forms, for
example a lookup table, a set of records in a database, etc. The
instructions and sets of data or values are executable by the
controller 110. Execution of the instructions and sets of data or
values causes the controller 110 to perform specific acts to cause
the collection, charging and distribution machine 102 to collect,
charge, and distribute portable energy storage devices, and to send
one or more signals that enable access to the portable electrical
energy storage devices 106 for removal from the all-electric
scooters or motorbikes 108 while the all-electric scooters or
motorbikes 108 are in the vicinity of a collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 . Specific operation of the collection,
charging and distribution machine 102 is described herein and also
below with reference to FIG. 3 and various flow diagrams (FIGS.
7-9) in the context of being an external device which is
authenticated in order to allow the portable electrical energy
storage device 106 to be removed from being operably connected to
the all-electric scooter or motorbike 108.
The controller 210 may use RAM 214 in a conventional fashion, for
volatile storage of instructions, data, etc. The controller 210 may
use data store 216 to log or retain information, for example one or
more codes that enable access to the portable electrical energy
storage devices 106 for removal from the all-electric scooters or
motorbikes 108 while the all-electric scooters or motorbikes 108
are in the vicinity of the collection, charging and distribution
machine 102, and/or information related to operation of the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102 itself. The
instructions are executable by the controller 210 to control
operation of the collection, charging and distribution machine 102
in response to end user or operator input, and using data or values
for the variables or parameters.
The control subsystem 202 receives signals from various sensors
and/or other components of the collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 which include information that
characterizes or is indicative of operation, status, or condition
of such other components. Sensors are represented in FIG. 2 by the
letter S appearing in a circle along with appropriate subscript
letters.
For example, one or more position sensors S.sub.P1-S.sub.PN may
detect the presence or absence of a portable electrical power
storage device 106 at each of the receivers 104. The position
sensors S.sub.P1-S.sub.PN may take a variety of forms. For example,
the position sensors S.sub.P1-S.sub.PN may take the form of
mechanical switches that are closed, or alternatively opened, in
response to contact with a portion of a respective portable
electrical power storage device 106 when the portable electrical
power storage device 106 is inserted into the receiver 104. Also
for example, the position sensors S.sub.P1-S.sub.PN may take the
form of optical switches (i.e., optical source and receiver) that
are closed, or alternatively opened, in response to contact with a
portion of a respective portable electrical power storage device
106 when the portable electrical power storage device 106 is
inserted into the receiver 104. Also for example, the position
sensors S.sub.P1-S.sub.PN may take the form of electrical sensors
or switches that are closed, or alternatively opened, in response
to detecting a closed circuit condition created by contact with the
terminals 110 of a respective portable electrical power storage
device 106 when the portable electrical power storage device 106 is
inserted into the receiver 104, or an open circuit condition that
results from the lack of a respective portable electrical power
storage device 106 in the receiver 104. These examples are intended
to be non-limiting, and it is noted that any other structures and
devices for detecting the presence/absence or even the insertion of
the portable electrical power storage devices 106 into receivers
may be employed.
For example, one or more charge sensors S.sub.C1-S.sub.CN may
detect charge of the portable electrical power storage devices 106
at each of the receivers 104. Charge sensors S.sub.C1-S.sub.CN may
detect the amount of charge stored by the portable electrical power
storage devices 106. Charge sensors S.sub.C1-S.sub.CN may
additionally detect an amount of charge and/or rate of charging
being supplied to ones of the portable electrical power storage
devices 106 at each of the receivers 104. Such may allow assessment
of current (i.e., temporal) charge condition or status of each
portable electrical power storage device 106, as well as allow
feedback control over charging of same, including control over rate
of charging. Charge sensors S.sub.C1-S.sub.CN may include any
variety of current and/or voltage sensors.
For example, one or more charge sensors S.sub.T1 (only one shown)
may detect or sense a temperature at the receivers 104 or in the
ambient environment.
The control subsystem 202 provides signals to various actuators
and/or other components responsive to control signals, which
signals include information that characterizes or is indicative of
an operation the component is to perform or a state or condition
into which the components should enter. Control signals, actuators
or other components responsive to control signals are represented
in FIG. 2 by the letter C appearing in a circle along with
appropriate subscript letters.
For example, one or more engine control signals C.sub.A1-C.sub.AN
may affect the operation of one or more actuators 220 (only one
illustrated). For instance, a control signal C.sub.A1 may cause
movement of an actuator 220 between a first and a second position
or change a magnetic field produced by the actuator 220. The
actuator 220 may take any of a variety of forms, including but not
limited to a solenoid, an electric motor such as a stepper motor,
or an electromagnet. The actuator 220 may be coupled to operate a
latch, lock or other retainer mechanism 222. The latch, lock or
other retainer mechanism 222 may selectively secure or retain one
or more portable electrical power storage devices 106 (FIG. 1) in
the receiver 104 (FIG. 1). For instance, the latch, lock or other
retainer mechanism 222 may physically couple to a complimentary
structure that is part of a housing of the portable electrical
power storage devices 106 (FIG. 1). Alternatively, the latch, lock
or other retainer mechanism 222 may magnetically couple to a
complimentary structure that is part of a housing of the portable
electrical power storage devices 106 (FIG. 1). Also for instance,
the latch, lock or other retainer mechanism 222 may open a receiver
104 (FIG. 1), or may allow a receiver 104 to be opened, to receive
a partially or fully discharged portable electrical power storage
device 106 for charging. For example, the actuator may open and/or
close a door to the receiver 104 (FIG. 1), to selectively provide
access to a portable electrical power storage device 106 (FIG. 1)
received therein. Also for example, the actuator may open and/or
close a latch or lock, allowing an end user to open and/or close a
door to the receiver 104 (FIG. 1), to selectively provide access to
a portable electrical power storage device 106 (FIG. 1) received
therein.
The control subsystem 202 may include one or more ports 224a to
provide control signals to one or more ports 224b of the charging
subsystem 204. The ports 224a, 224b may provide bi-directional
communications. The control subsystem 202 may include one or more
ports 226a to provide control signals to one or more ports 226b of
the user interface subsystem 208. The ports 226a, 226b may provide
bi-directional communications.
The charging subsystem 204 includes various electrical and
electronic components to charge portable electrical power storage
devices 106 when positioned or received in the receivers 104. For
example, the charging subsystem 204 may include one or more power
buses or power bus bars, relays, contactors or other switches
(e.g., insulated gate bipolar transistors or IGBTs, metal oxide
semiconductor transistors or MOSFETs), rectifier bridge(s), current
sensors, ground fault circuitry, etc. The electrical power is
supplied via contacts that can take any of a variety of forms, for
instance terminals, leads, posts, etc. The contacts allow
electrical coupling of various components. Some possible
implementations are illustrated in FIG. 2. Such is not intended to
be exhaustive. Additional components may be employed while other
components may be omitted.
The illustrated charging subsystem 204 includes a first power
converter 230 that receives electrical power from the electrical
service 114 (FIG. 1) via a line or cord 232. The power will
typically be in the form of single two- or three-phase AC
electrical power. As such, the first power converter 230 may need
to convert and otherwise condition the electrical power received
via the electrical services 114 (FIG. 1), for example for
rectifying an AC waveform to DC, transforming voltage, current, and
phase, as well as reducing transients and noise. Thus, the first
power converter 230 may include a transformer 234, rectifier 236,
DC/DC power converter 238, and filter(s) 240.
The transformer 234 may take the form of any variety of
commercially available transformers with suitable ratings for
handling the power received via the electrical service 114 (FIG.
1). Some embodiments may employ multiple transformers. The
transformer 234 may advantageously provide galvanic isolation
between the components of the collection, charging and distribution
machine 102 and the grid 116 (FIG. 1). The rectifier 236 may take
any of variety of forms, for example a full bridge diode rectifier
or a switch mode rectifier. The rectifier 236 may be operated to
transform AC electrical power to DC electrical power. The DC/DC
power converter 238 may take any of a large variety of forms. For
example, DC/DC power converter 238 may take the form a switch mode
DC/DC power converter, for instance employing IGBTs or MOSFETs in a
half or full bridge configuration, and may include one or more
inductors. The DC/DC power converter 238 may have any number of
topologies including a boost converter, buck converter, synchronous
buck converter, buck-boost converter or fly-back converter. The
filter(s) 240 may include one or more capacitors, resistors, Zener
diodes or other elements to suppress voltage spikes, or to remove
or reduce transients and/or noise.
The illustrated charging subsystem 204 may also receive electrical
power from a renewable power source, for example the PV array 118
(FIG. 1). Such may be converted or conditioned by the first power
converter 230, for example being supplied directly to the DC/DC
power converter 238, bypassing the transformer 236 and/or rectifier
236. Alternatively, the illustrated charging subsystem 204 may
include a dedicated power converter to convert or otherwise
condition such electrical power.
The illustrated charging subsystem 204 may optionally include
second power converter 242 that receives electrical power from one
or more portable electrical power storage devices 106 (FIG. 1) via
one or more lines 244, for charging other ones of the portable
electrical power storage devices 106. As such, the second power
converter 242 may need to convert and/or otherwise condition the
electrical power received from portable electrical power storage
devices 106, for example optionally transforming voltage or
current, as well as reducing transients and noise. Thus, the second
power converter 242 may optionally include a DC/DC power converter
246 and/or filter(s) 248. Various types of DC/DC power converters
and filters are discussed above.
The illustrated charging subsystem 204 includes a plurality of
switches 250 responsive to the control signals delivered via ports
224a, 224b from the control subsystem 202. The switches may be
operable to selectively couple a first number or set of portable
electrical power storage devices 106 to be charged from electrical
power supplied by both the electrical service via the first power
converter 230 and from electrical power supplied by a second number
or set of portable electrical power storage devices 106. The first
number or set of portable electrical power storage devices 106 may
include a single portable electrical power storage device 106, two,
or even more portable electrical power storage devices 106. The
second number or set of portable electrical power storage devices
106 may include a single portable electrical power storage device
106, two, or even more portable electrical power storage devices
106. The portable electrical power storage devices 106 are
represented in FIG. 2 as loads L.sub.1,L.sub.2-L.sub.N.
The communications subsystem 206 may additionally include one or
more communications modules or components which facilitate
communications with the various components of a back end or back
office system 120 (FIG. 1), various components of the all-electric
scooter or motorbike 108, and/or various components of the portable
electrical power storage devices 106. The communications subsystem
206 may, for example, include one or more modems 252 and/or one or
more Ethernet cards or other types of communications cards or
components 254. A port 256a of the control subsystem 202 may
communicatively couple the control subsystem 202 with a port 256b
of the communications subsystem 206. The communications subsystem
206 may provide wired and/or wireless communications. For example,
the communications subsystem 206 may provide components enabling
short range (e.g., via Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC),
radio frequency identification (RFID) components and protocols) or
longer range wireless communications (e.g., over a wireless LAN,
satellite, or cellular network) with various other devices external
to the collection, charging and distribution machine 102, including
various components of the all-electric scooter or motorbike 108,
and/or various components of the portable electrical power storage
devices 106. The communications subsystem 206 may include one or
more ports, wireless receivers, wireless transmitters or wireless
transceivers to provide wireless signal paths to the various remote
components or systems. The communications subsystem 206 may include
one or more bridges or routers suitable to handle network traffic
including switched packet type communications protocols (TCP/IP),
Ethernet or other networking protocols.
The user interface subsystem 208 includes one or more user
input/output (I/O) components. For example, user interface
subsystem 208 may include a touch screen display 208a operable to
present information to an end user, and a graphical user interface
(GUI) to receive indications of user selections. The user interface
subsystem 208 may include a keyboard or keypad 208b, and/or a
cursor controller (e.g., mouse, trackball, trackpad) (not
illustrated) to allow an end user to enter information and/or
select user selectable icons in a GUI. The user interface subsystem
208 may include a speaker 208c to provide aural messages to an end
user and/or a microphone 208d to receive spoken user input such as
spoken commands.
The user interface subsystem 208 may include a card reader 208e to
read information from card type media 209. The card reader 208e may
take a variety of forms. For instance, the card reader 208e may
take the form of, or include, a magnetic stripe reader for reading
information encoded in a magnetic stripe carried by a card 209. For
instance, the card reader 208e may take the form of, or include, a
machine-readable symbol (e.g., barcode, matrix code) card reader
for reading information encoded in a machine-readable symbol
carried by a card 209. For instance, the card reader 208e may take
the form of, or include, a smart card reader for reading
information encoded in a non-transitory medium carried by a card
209. Such may, for instance, include media employing radio
frequency identification (RFID) transponders or electronic payment
chips (e.g., near filed communications (NFC) chips). Thus, the card
reader 208e may be able to read information from a variety of card
media 209, for instance credit cards, debit cards, gift cards,
prepaid cards, as well as identification media such as drivers
licenses. The card reader 208e may also be able to read information
encoded in a non-transitory medium carried by the portable
electrical energy storage devices 106, and may also include RFID
transponders, transceivers, NFC chips and/or other communications
devices to communicate information to various components of the
all-electric scooter or motorbike 108, and/or various components of
the portable electrical power storage devices 106 (e.g., for
authentication of the collection, charging and distribution machine
102 to the portable electrical energy storage devices 106 and/or
the all-electric scooter or motorbike 108, or for authentication of
the portable electrical energy storage devices 106 to the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102).
The user interface subsystem 208 may include a bill acceptor 208f
and a validator and/or coin acceptor 208g to accept and validate
cash payments. Such may be highly useful in servicing populations
lacking access to credit. Bill acceptor and validator 208f and/or
coin acceptor 208g may take any variety of forms, for example those
that are currently commercially available and used in various
vending machines and kiosks.
FIG. 3 shows a portable electrical energy storage device physical
security system for the portable electrical energy storage device
106z of the scooter or motorbike 108 in wireless communication in
one instance with the collection, charging and distribution machine
102 and in another instance with a device at a scooter or motorbike
service center 318, according to one non-limiting illustrated
embodiment.
Shown is a portable electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism 320 operably coupled to a locking mechanism controller
306. In some embodiments, the portable electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism 320 and the locking mechanism controller
306 are part of the scooter or motorbike 108. In other embodiments,
the portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320
and the locking mechanism controller 306 are integrated with or
part of the portable electrical energy storage device 106z.
Also shown is the collection, charging and distribution machine 102
in wireless communication with the locking mechanism controller
306. For example, the communications subsystem 206 (shown in FIG.
2) of the collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may
provide components enabling short range (e.g., via Bluetooth, near
field communication (NFC), radio frequency identification (RFID)
components and protocols) or longer range wireless communications
(e.g., over a wireless LAN, satellite, or cellular network) with
various other devices external to the collection, charging and
distribution machine 102, including the locking mechanism
controller 306. The communications subsystem 206 of the collection,
charging and distribution machine 102 may include one or more
ports, wireless receivers, wireless transmitters or wireless
transceivers to provide wireless signal paths to the locking
mechanism controller 306. The communications subsystem 206 of the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may also or
instead include one or more bridges or routers suitable to handle
network traffic including switched packet type communications
protocols (TCP/IP), Ethernet or other networking protocols.
The portable electrical energy storage device 106z may be lent,
leased, and/or rented out to the public. Since the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z is typically a relatively
expensive component, it is desirable to control how and in what
circumstances the portable electrical energy storage device 106z
may be removed from being operably connected or attached to the
scooter or motorbike 108 for which it provides power. This control
of the physical security of the portable electrical energy storage
device 106z helps to prevent theft and/or misuse of the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z. For example, the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z may be operably connected to
and physically locked or otherwise physically secured in the
scooter or motorbike 108 until the locking mechanism controller 306
detects a wireless signal including authentication information from
an external device such as the collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 or a device at a service center 306 with
one or more wireless communications subsystems such as that
described above of the collection, charging and distribution
machine 102. Other such external devices (not shown) with one or
more wireless communications subsystems such as that described
above of the collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may
include, but are not limited to: card keys, access cards, credit
cards, access control key fobs, mobile computing devices, cellular
telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smart phones,
battery chargers, other access control devices, etc.
The collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may
periodically, constantly or aperiodically emit a wireless signal
126 for a locking mechanism controller 306 listening for such a
signal to receive and authenticate the collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 in order to trigger the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 to unlock,
enabling the portable electrical energy storage device 106z to be
removed from the scooter or motorbike 108. Also or instead, the
locking mechanism controller 306 may periodically or constantly
emit a wireless signal 126 to which a collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 listening for such a signal will respond
with a wireless signal for the locking mechanism controller 306 to
receive and authenticate the collection, charging and distribution
machine 102 in order to trigger the portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism 320 to unlock, enabling the
portable electrical energy storage device 106z to be removed from
the scooter or motorbike 108.
In some embodiments, the wireless signal received from the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may include a
code that may be authenticated by the locking mechanism controller
306 in order to ensure the signal is being received from an
authorized device. For example, the code may be time-sensitive code
such as a "hopping" code or a "rolling" code to provide such
security. In the case of a 40-bit rolling code, forty bits provide
240 (about 1 trillion) possible codes. However, codes of other bit
lengths may be used instead. The collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 memory (e.g., ROM 212) may hold the
current 40-bit code. The collection, charging and distribution
machine 102 then sends that 40-bit code to the locking mechanism
controller 306 for the locking mechanism controller 306 to unlock
the portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism
320. The locking mechanism controller 306 also holds the current
40-bit code. If the locking mechanism controller 306 receives the
40-bit code it expects, then it unlocks the portable electrical
energy storage device locking mechanism 320. If the locking
mechanism controller 306 does not receive the 40-bit code it
expects, the locking mechanism controller 306 does nothing. In some
embodiments, the locking mechanism controller 306 will lock the
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 if
the portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320
is in an unlocked state and the locking mechanism controller 306
does not receive the 40-bit code it expects, or is not able to
receive any signal over a determined period of time.
Both the collection, charging and distribution machine 102 and the
locking mechanism controller 306 use the same pseudo-random number
generator (e.g., implemented by the respective processors of the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102 and the locking
mechanism controller 306) to generate the 40-bit code. The
collection, charging and distribution machine 102 may have
different pseudo-random number generators to match the
pseudo-random number generator of each locking mechanism controller
306 of each scooter or motorbike 108 or of each of the portable
electrical energy storage devices 106. When the locking mechanism
controller 306 receives a valid code form the collection, charging
and distribution machine 102, it uses the same pseudo-random number
generator to generate the next code relative to the valid code
received and communicates wirelessly with the collection, charging
and distribution machine 102 to instruct it to also generate the
next code using the same pseudo-random number generator, which the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102 stores for the
next use. In this way, the collection, charging and distribution
machine 102 and the locking mechanism controller 306 are
synchronized. The locking mechanism controller 306 only unlocks the
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 if
it receives the code it expects.
Also, the current 40-bit code or other time-sensitive rolling code
may be generated and communicated to one or more other collection,
charging and distribution machines within a network of collection,
charging and distribution machines (e.g., via the network 122 shown
in FIG. 1) so that any collection, charging and distribution
machine 102 may communicate the correct current code to the locking
mechanism controller 306 when the scooter or motorbike having the
locking mechanism controller 306 or the portable electrical energy
storage device 106z having the locking mechanism controller 306
comes within wireless signal range of the other collection,
charging and distribution machines. In some embodiments, the
locking mechanism controller 306 may accept any of the next 256
possible valid codes in the pseudo-random number sequence. This
way, if the locking mechanism controller 306 and the collection,
charging and distribution machine 102 for some reason become
unsynchronized by 256 rolling codes or less, the locking mechanism
controller 306 would still accept the transmission from the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102, unlock the
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 and
generate the next code relative to the valid code received.
In other embodiments, the hopping, rolling or time-sensitive code
may be a universal code communicated by the back end or back office
system 120 to the collection, charging and distribution machine 102
and communicated wirelessly to the locking mechanism controller
306. For example, this may occur over a WAN, LAN and/or when the
locking mechanism controller 306 comes within wireless
communications range of the collection, charging and distribution
machine 102 such as when the scooter or motorbike 108 visits the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102.
In some embodiments, the locking mechanism controller 306 and the
collection, charging and distribution machine store a common secret
key or code and use a common secret algorithm for authentication of
the collection, charging and distribution machine. The common
secret algorithm, for example, can be a hash function or other
algorithm which takes the secret key and at least one other key or
code as input and generates different output based on the secret
key and different input. The common secret algorithm may be
executed by respective processors of the locking mechanism
controller 306 and the collection, charging and distribution
machine using stored instructions on respective computer readable
media of the locking mechanism controller 306 and the collection,
charging and distribution machine or on respective configured
hardware or firmware components of the of locking mechanism
controller 306 and collection, charging and distribution machine.
The common secret algorithm and common secret key or code may be
initially encoded, programmed or installed in the locking mechanism
controller 306 and collection, charging and distribution machine in
a secure fashion such that they are irretrievable or otherwise
protected from being discovered. The common secret algorithm and
common secret key or code are not communicated between the locking
mechanism controller 306 and collection, charging and distribution
machine during the authentication process.
In response to receiving an authentication beacon or request from
the collection, charging and distribution machine via the wireless
signal 126 (which may have been sent in response to a wireless
signal or beacon received from the locking mechanism controller
306), the locking mechanism controller 306 generates a challenge
key and sends this challenge key to the collection, charging and
distribution machine. In response to receiving the challenge key,
the collection, charging and distribution machine uses the secret
algorithm and the common secret key to generate a response value
and sends this response value to the locking mechanism controller
306. The locking mechanism controller 306 then verifies the
response value by using the generated challenge key and secret key
as input to the secret algorithm to generate an output value from
the secret algorithm. The locking mechanism controller 306 then
compares this output value from the secret algorithm to the
response value received from the collection, charging and
distribution machine. If the output from the secret algorithm
generated by the locking mechanism controller 306 and the response
value received from the collection, charging and distribution
machine match, then the collection, charging and distribution
machine is authenticated and the locking mechanism controller 306
may then take actions accordingly, such as sending a control signal
to the locking mechanism 320 to unlock. If the output from the
secret algorithm generated by the locking mechanism controller 306
and the response value received from the collection, charging and
distribution machine do not match, then the collection, charging
and distribution machine is not authenticated and the locking
mechanism controller 306 may then take no action, or take other
actions accordingly, such as sending a control signal to the
locking mechanism 320 to lock if not already locked. In some
embodiments any authentication process involving using any
combination of a public key and or public algorithm may be
used.
Once the locking mechanism controller 306 can no longer receive the
wireless signal 126 from the collection, charging and distribution
machine 102 (e.g., after the scooter or motorbike has already
exchanged the portable electrical energy storage device 106z at the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102 and is no longer
within range of the collection, charging and distribution machine
102 wireless signal 126), the locking mechanism controller 306 will
send a signal to cause the portable electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism 320 to lock to prevent the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z from being able to be removed
from being operably connected to the scooter or motorbike 108.
Also, as described above, if the signal received from the
collection, charging and distribution machine 102 or other device
contains an invalid code, if not already locked, the locking
mechanism controller 306 will send a signal to cause the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 to lock to
prevent the portable electrical energy storage device 106z from
being able to be removed from being operably connected to the
scooter or motorbike. In some instances, where the locking
mechanism controller 306 is not part of the portable electrical
energy storage device 106z, the locking mechanism controller 306
must detect the presence of the portable electrical energy storage
device 106z in the scooter or motorbike 108 before sending a signal
to cause the portable electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism 320 to lock.
In some embodiments, the wireless portion of the authentication is
strongly phased. Nearby, the system challenges some or all portable
electrical energy storage device collection, charging and
distribution machines that would wirelessly tell the vehicle to
disengage the portable electrical energy storage device in order to
swap the portable electrical energy storage device. Also, the
portable electrical energy storage device collection, charging and
distribution machine/service center may be mobile. For example, a
service vehicle may come to a broken down/out of charge vehicle on
the side of the road and the portable electrical energy storage
device can only release when the authenticated service vehicle is
nearby. "Nearby", may be any range of distance selected by the
system within range of short range wireless signal. A very short
close distance may also be used, for example, as in some
embodiments, the system may use technology such as near field
communications (NFC) or other near field or very short range
technologies.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the locking mechanism controller of
FIG. 3, according to one non-limiting illustrated embodiment.
The locking mechanism controller 306 includes a controller 410, a
communications subsystem 406, and a power interface 420.
The controller 410, for example, is a microprocessor,
microcontroller, programmable logic controller (PLC), programmable
gate array (PGA), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or
another controller capable of receiving signals from various
sensors, performing logical operations, and sending signals to
various components. Typically, the controller 410 may take the form
of a microprocessor (e.g., INTEL, AMD, ATOM). The locking mechanism
controller 306 may also include one or more non-transitory
processor- or computer-readable storage media, for example read
only memory (ROM) 412, random access memory (RAM) 414, and other
storage 416 (e.g., solid-state storage media such as flash memory
or EEPROM, or spinning storage media such as hard disk). The
non-transitory processor- or computer-readable storage media 412,
414, 416 may be in addition to any non-transitory storage medium
(e.g., registers) which is part of the controller 410. The locking
mechanism controller 306 may include one or more buses 418 (only
one illustrated) coupling various components together, for example
one or more power buses, instruction buses, data buses, etc.
As illustrated, the ROM 412, or some other one of the
non-transitory processor- or computer-readable storage media 412,
414, 416, stores instructions and/or data or values for variables
or parameters. The sets of data may take a variety of forms, for
example a lookup table, a set of records in a database, etc. The
instructions and sets of data or values are executable by the
controller 410. Execution of the instructions and sets of data or
values causes the controller 410 to perform specific acts to
compare a code received from an external device and cause the
locking mechanism controller 306 to generate control signals to
lock or unlock the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism 320 based on the comparison. Also, such acts may
include, for example, operations implementing a pseudo-random
number to generate a rolling code as described above. Specific
operation of the locking mechanism controller 306 is described
herein and also below with reference to various flow diagrams
(FIGS. 7-9).
The controller 410 may use RAM 414 in a conventional fashion, for
volatile storage of instructions, data, etc. The controller 410 may
use data store 416 to log or retain information, for example,
information regarding user profile information, vehicle profile
information, security codes, credentials, security certificates,
passwords, vehicle information, etc. The instructions are
executable by the controller 410 to control operation of the
locking mechanism controller 306 in response to input from remote
systems such as those of external devices including but not limited
to: charging devices, vehicles, user identification devices (cards,
electronic keys, etc.) vehicles, collection, charging and
distribution machines, collection, charging and distribution
machine service systems, service centers, user mobile devices, user
vehicles, and end user or operator input.
The controller 410 may also receive signals from various sensors
and/or components of an external device via the communications
subsystem 406 of the locking mechanism controller 306. This
information may include information that characterizes or is
indicative of the authenticity, authorization level, operation,
status, or condition of such components and/or external
devices.
The communications subsystem 406 may include one or more
communications modules or components which facilitate
communications with the various components of the collection,
charging and distribution machine 102 of FIG. 1 (e.g., such as to
receive a security code) and/or of other external devices and also,
such that data may be exchanged between the locking mechanism
controller 306 and the external devices for authentication
purposes. The communications subsystem 406 may provide wired and/or
wireless communications. The communications subsystem 406 may
include one or more ports, wireless receivers, wireless
transmitters or wireless transceivers to provide wireless signal
paths to the various remote components or systems. The
communications subsystem 406 may, for example, include components
enabling short range (e.g., via Bluetooth, near field communication
(NFC), radio frequency identification (RFID) components and
protocols) or longer range wireless communications (e.g., over a
wireless LAN, satellite, or cellular network) and may include one
or more modems or one or more Ethernet or other types of
communications cards or components for doing so. The remote
communications subsystem 406 may include one or more bridges or
routers suitable to handle network traffic including switched
packet type communications protocols (TCP/IP), Ethernet or other
networking protocols.
In some embodiments, some or all of the components of the locking
mechanism controller 306 may be located outside of the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z as a separate device that
actuates one or more actuators 502 (shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7) of
the portable electric al energy storage device 106z (e.g., by a
wireless control signal) sent via the communications subsystem
406.
The power interface 420 is controllable by the controller 410 and
is configured to receive power from the portable electrical energy
storage device 106z via connection 314a to provide power to the
locking mechanism controller 306 and also to the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 (via
connection 314b). Also, the power interface 420 is controllable by
the controller 410 and is configured to receive power from an
auxiliary source other than the portable electrical energy storage
device 106z via connection 314c to provide power to the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 and/or the
locking mechanism controller 306 should the portable electrical
energy storage device 106z be not able to provide enough power to
operate the portable electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism 320 and/or the locking mechanism controller 306. The
power interface 420 includes various components operable for
performing the above functions such as electrical transformers,
converters, rectifiers, etc.
FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional elevation view of the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 coupled
to the portable electrical energy storage device physical security
system of FIG. 3 and locked in an operable position within the
scooter 108 of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, according to one non-limiting
illustrated embodiment.
Shown is a portable electrical energy storage device holder 510, a
part of a vehicle 508, a portable electrical energy storage device
housing 302, electrical terminals 110a, 110b, a battery cell 304, a
locking mechanism controller 306, a portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism 320 and an auxiliary power source
516. The battery cell 304 may be any rechargeable type of
electrochemical cell that converts stored chemical energy into
electrical energy. Also, the battery cell 304 may comprise any type
of rechargeable ultracapacitor array or fuel cell array. As
described above, the electrical terminals 110a, 110b are accessible
from an exterior of the portable electrical energy storage device
106z. The electrical terminals 110 allow charge to be delivered
from the portable electrical energy storage device 106z, as well as
allow charge to be delivered to the portable electrical energy
storage device 106z for charging or recharging the same through
conductive terminal connections 312a and 312b to the battery cell
304. While illustrated in FIG. 3 as posts, the electrical terminals
110a and 110b may take any other form which is accessible from an
exterior of the portable electrical energy storage device 106z,
including electrical terminals positioned within slots in the
battery housing 302.
The portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320
is located outside the portable electrical energy storage device
housing 302 and fixedly attached to a vehicle part 508 (e.g., a
vehicle frame or chassis) that is attached to a holder 510 in which
the portable electrical energy storage device 106z is placed. The
holder 510 has a top opening 512 through which the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z may be placed into the holder
510 and removed from the holder 510. Once the portable electrical
energy storage device 106z is placed in the holder 510, the holder
510 surrounds the portable electrical energy storage device 106z
except at the top opening 512. The portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism 320 has a slidable bolt 506 which
partially covers the opening 512 (as shown in FIG. 5) in a locked
state to block passage of the portable electrical energy storage
device 106z through the opening 512 and thus prevent the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z from being able to be removed
from the holder 510. The slidable bolt 506 is slidable on a bolt
track or through bolt housing 504 fixedly attached to the vehicle
part 508. When the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism 320 is in an unlocked state, the slidable bolt
506 is retracted (not shown) into the bolt housing 504 to not cover
the opening 512 and thus allow passage of the portable electrical
energy storage device 106z through the opening 512 of the holder
510 for the portable electrical energy storage device 106z to be
removed.
The portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320
is coupled to the locking mechanism controller 306 via a control
line 308 and power line 314b. For example, one or more engine
control signals received from the locking mechanism controller 306
via control line 308 may affect the operation of one or more
actuators 502 (only one illustrated) to cause the slidable bolt 506
to move. For instance, a control signal may cause movement of an
actuator 502 between a first and a second position or change a
magnetic field produced by the actuator 502. The actuator 502 may
take any of a variety of forms, including but not limited to a
solenoid, an electric motor such as a stepper motor, or an
electromagnet. The actuator 502 may alternatively be coupled to
operate a different latch, lock or other type of retainer mechanism
for the portable electrical energy storage device 106z.
The locking mechanism controller 306 is configured to receive power
from the portable electrical energy storage device 106z via
connection 314a to provide power to the locking mechanism
controller 306 and also to the portable electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism 320 (via connection 314b).
Also, the locking mechanism controller 306 is optionally configured
to receive power from an auxiliary source 516 other than the
portable electrical energy storage device 106z via connection 314c
to provide power to the portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism 320 and/or the locking mechanism controller 306
should the portable electrical energy storage device 106z be not
able to provide enough power to operate the portable electrical
energy storage device locking mechanism 320 and/or the locking
mechanism controller 306.
The housing 302 may provide a protection to prevent or deter
tampering, and may be formed of suitably strong and resilient
materials (e.g., ABS plastic). Such may not only prevent or deter
tampering, but may leave a visible indication of any tampering
attempts. For example, the housing 302 may include a strong outer
layer of a first color (e.g., black) within an inner layer of a
second color (e.g., fluorescent orange) therebeneath. Such will
render attempts to cut through the housing 302 visibly
apparent.
It is also noted that the housing 302 may serve as a frangible
substrate, or a frangible substrate may be secured to an inner
portion of the housing 302, for instance, via suitable adhesives.
Thus, tampering with the housing may break or damage a circuit
connection, rendering the portable electrical energy storage device
106z inoperable.
FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional elevation view of an alternative
embodiment the portable electrical energy storage device 106z of
FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 in which the portable electrical energy storage
device physical security system of FIG. 3 is integrated with and
part of the portable electrical energy storage device 106z of FIG.
1 and FIG. 3, according to one non-limiting illustrated alternative
embodiment.
Shown is a portable electrical energy storage device holder 510, a
portable electrical energy storage device housing 302, electrical
terminals 110a, 110b, a battery cell 304, a locking mechanism
controller 306, a portable electrical energy storage device locking
mechanism 320 and an access panel 518 to plug in an auxiliary power
source. The battery cell 304 is any rechargeable type of
electrochemical cell that converts stored chemical energy into
electrical energy. As described above, the electrical terminals
110a, 110b are accessible from an exterior of the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z.
The portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320
is located inside the portable electrical energy storage device
housing 302 and fixedly attached to the interior of the portable
electrical energy storage device housing 302. The holder 510 has a
top opening 512 through which the portable electrical energy
storage device 106z may be placed into the holder 510 and removed
from the holder 510. Once the portable electrical energy storage
device 106z is placed in the holder 510, the holder 510 surrounds
the portable electrical energy storage device 106z except at the
top opening 512. The portable electrical energy storage device
locking mechanism 320 has a slidable bolt 506 which is configured
to slide on a bolt track or through bolt housing 504 fixedly
attached to an interior wall of the portable electrical energy
storage device housing 502. The slidable bolt 506 is configured to
slide through an opening 520 in the side of the housing 302 and
into an opening 520 in the side wall of the holder 510 aligned with
the opening in the side of the housing 302 to block passage of the
portable electrical energy storage device 106z through the top
opening 512 of the holder 510, and thus prevent the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z from being able to be removed
from the holder 510 (as shown in FIG. 6). When the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 is in an
unlocked state, the slidable bolt 506 is retracted (not shown) back
into the bolt housing 504 inside the portable electrical energy
storage device 106z, and thus allows passage of the portable
electrical energy storage device 106z through the top opening 512
of the holder 510 for the portable electrical energy storage device
106z to be removed.
The portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320
is coupled to the locking mechanism controller 306 via a control
line 308 and power line 314b. For example, one or more engine
control signals received from the locking mechanism controller 306
via control line 308 may affect the operation of one or more
actuators 502 (only one illustrated) to cause the slidable bolt 506
to move. For instance, a control signal may cause movement of an
actuator 502 between a first and a second position or change a
magnetic field produced by the actuator 502. The actuator 502 may
take any of a variety of forms, including but not limited to a
solenoid, an electric motor such as a stepper motor, or an
electromagnet. The actuator 502 may alternatively be coupled to
operate a different latch, lock or other type of retainer mechanism
for the portable electrical energy storage device 106z.
The locking mechanism controller 306 is configured to receive power
from the portable electrical energy storage device 106z via
connection 314a to provide power to the locking mechanism
controller 306 and also to the portable electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism 320 (via power line 314b). Also, the
locking mechanism controller 306 is configured to receive power
from an auxiliary source other than the portable electrical energy
storage device 106z via line 314c. The auxiliary source may be
connected to line 314b through an access panel 518 in the housing
302 to provide power to the portable electrical energy storage
device locking mechanism 320 and/or the locking mechanism
controller 306 should the portable electrical energy storage device
106z be not able to provide enough power to operate the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 and/or the
locking mechanism controller 306.
The housing 302 may provide protection to prevent or deter
tampering, and may be formed of suitably strong and resilient
materials (e.g., ABS plastic). Such may not only prevent or deter
tampering, but may leave a visible indication of any tampering
attempts. For example, the housing 302 may include a strong outer
layer of a first color (e.g., black) within an inner layer of a
second color (e.g., fluorescent orange) therebeneath. Such will
render attempts to cut through the housing 302 visibly
apparent.
It is also noted that the housing 302 may serve as a frangible
substrate, or a frangible substrate may be secured to an inner
portion of the housing 302, for instance, via suitable adhesives.
Thus, tampering with the housing may break or damage a circuit
connection, rendering the portable electrical energy storage device
106z inoperable.
FIG. 7 shows a high level method 700 of operating the locking
mechanism controller of FIGS. 3-6, according to one non-limiting
illustrated embodiment.
At 702, the portable electric storage device security system
receives information regarding authentication of an external device
such as the collection, charging and distribution machine 102.
At 704, the portable electrical energy storage device security
system makes a determination regarding unlocking the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 to allow the
portable electrical energy storage device 106z to be removed from
being operably connected to a vehicle, based on the information
regarding authentication.
FIG. 8 shows a low level method 800 of operating the locking
mechanism controller of FIGS. 3-6, according to one non-limiting
illustrated embodiment, including accepting the portable electrical
energy storage device charge, useful in the method of FIG. 7.
At 802, the portable electric storage device security system
receives the information regarding authentication via a wireless
signal transmitted from the collection, charging and distribution
machine 102. The wireless signal received from the collection,
charging and distribution machine 102 is not detectable outside a
specified maximum range from a communications module of the
portable electrical energy storage device security system.
FIG. 9 shows a low level method 900 of operating the portable
electrical energy storage device security system controller 306 of
FIGS. 3 and 4, according to one non-limiting illustrated
embodiment, including determining how much energy to release, based
on a vehicle performance profile of the vehicle, useful in the
method of FIG. 8.
At 902, the portable electric storage device security system
receives information regarding authentication of an external device
such as the collection, charging and distribution machine 102.
At 904 the portable electric storage device security system
determines whether the information received is authentic.
At 906, if the information received was determined to be authentic
(e.g., by matching a code received), then the portable electrical
energy storage device security system sends a signal from locking
mechanism controller 306 in a manner to unlock the portable
electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 in order to
allow the portable electrical energy storage device to be removed
from being operably connected to the vehicle.
At 908, the portable electric storage device security system
determines whether the information is able to continue to be
received. For example, the information may not be able to continue
to be received once the locking mechanism controller 306 can no
longer receive the wireless signal from the collection, charging
and distribution machine 102 (e.g., after the scooter or motorbike
has already exchanged the portable electrical energy storage device
106z at the collection, charging and distribution machine 102 and
is no longer within range of the collection, charging and
distribution machine 102 wireless signal 126).
At 909, if the information received was determined not to be
authentic or the information is not able to continue to be received
by the portable electric storage device security system, and if the
portable electrical energy storage device locking mechanism 320 is
not already locked, the portable electrical energy storage device
security system sends a signal from the locking mechanism
controller 306 in a manner to lock the portable electrical energy
storage device locking mechanism 320 in order to prevent the
portable electrical energy storage device from being removed from
being operably connected to the vehicle. If the information is able
to continue to be received by the portable electric storage device
security system, the method 900 repeats by proceeding again to 902
to perform the authentication of the information. The method may
repeat at periodic intervals or continuously.
The various methods described herein may include additional acts,
omit some acts, and/or may perform the acts in a different order
than set out in the various flow diagrams.
The foregoing detailed description has set forth various
embodiments of the devices and/or processes via the use of block
diagrams, schematics, and examples. Insofar as such block diagrams,
schematics, and examples contain one or more functions and/or
operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that
each function and/or operation within such block diagrams,
flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or
collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or
virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the present
subject matter may be implemented via one or more microcontrollers.
However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the
embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be
equivalently implemented in standard integrated circuits (e.g.,
Application Specific Integrated Circuits or ASICs), as one or more
computer programs executed by one or more computers (e.g., as one
or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one
or more programs executed by on one or more controllers (e.g.,
microcontrollers) as one or more programs executed by one or more
processors (e.g., microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually
any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or
writing the code for the software and/or firmware would be well
within the skill of one of ordinary skill in the art in light of
the teachings of this disclosure.
When logic is implemented as software and stored in memory, logic
or information can be stored on any non-transitory
computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with any
processor-related system or method. In the context of this
disclosure, a memory is a nontransitory computer- or
processor-readable storage medium that is an electronic, magnetic,
optical, or other physical device or means that non-transitorily
contains or stores a computer and/or processor program. Logic
and/or the information can be embodied in any computer-readable
medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution
system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system,
processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the
instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or
device and execute the instructions associated with logic and/or
information.
In the context of this specification, a "computer-readable medium"
can be any physical element that can store the program associated
with logic and/or information for use by or in connection with the
instruction execution system, apparatus, and/or device. The
computer-readable medium can be, for example, but is not limited
to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or
semiconductor system, apparatus or device. More specific examples
(a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable medium would
include the following: a portable computer diskette (magnetic,
compact flash card, secure digital, or the like), a random access
memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable
read-only memory (EPROM, EEPROM, or Flash memory), a portable
compact disc read-only memory (CDROM), and digital tape.
The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide
further embodiments. To the extent that they are not inconsistent
with the specific teachings and definitions herein, all of the U.S.
patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent
applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and
non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or
listed in the Application Data Sheet, including but not limited to:
U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/511,900 entitled
"APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR COLLECTION, CHARGING AND
DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES, SUCH AS BATTERIES" and filed
Jul. 26, 2011, U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No.
61/647,936 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR COLLECTION,
CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES, SUCH AS BATTERIES"
and filed May 16, 2012, U.S. provisional patent application Ser.
No. 61/534,753 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR
REDISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES, SUCH AS BATTERIES, BETWEEN
COLLECTION, CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINES" and filed Sep. 14,
2011, U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/534,761
entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR AUTHENTICATION,
SECURITY AND CONTROL OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES SUCH AS BATTERIES"
and filed Sep. 14, 2011, U.S. provisional patent application Ser.
No. 61/534,772 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR
AUTHENTICATION, SECURITY AND CONTROL OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES, SUCH
AS BATTERIES, BASED ON USER PROFILES" and filed Sep. 14, 2011, U.S.
provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/511,887 entitled
"THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF COMPONENTS IN ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVE VEHICLES"
and filed Jul. 26, 2011, U.S. provisional patent application Ser.
No. 61/647,941 entitled "THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF COMPONENTS IN
ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVE VEHICLES" and filed May 16, 2012, U.S.
provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/511,880 entitled
"DYNAMICALLY LIMITING VEHICLE OPERATION FOR BEST EFFORT ECONOMY"
and filed Jul. 26, 2011 provisional patent application Ser. No.
61/557,170 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD, AND ARTICLE FOR PHYSICAL
SECURITY OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES IN VEHICLES" and filed Nov. 8,
2011, U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/581,566
entitled APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR A POWER STORAGE DEVICE
COMPARTMENT` and filed Dec. 29, 2011, U.S. provisional patent
application Ser. No. 61/601,404 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND
ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC DATA" and filed Feb. 21,
2012, U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/601,949
entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING LOCATIONS OF
POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION, CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION
MACHINES" and filed Feb. 22, 2012, and U.S. provisional patent
application Ser. No. 61/601,953 entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND
ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION REGARDING AVAILABILITY OF POWER
STORAGE DEVICES AT A POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION, CHARGING AND
DISTRIBUTION MACHINE" and filed Feb. 22, 2012, U.S. application
Ser. No. 13/559,314 filed on Jul. 26, 2012, naming Hok-Sum Horace
Luke, Matthew Whiting Taylor and Huang-Cheng Hung as inventors and
entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR COLLECTION, CHARGING
AND DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES, SUCH AS BATTERIES", U.S.
application Ser. No. 13/559,038 filed on Jul. 26, 2012, naming
Hok-Sum Horace Luke and Matthew Whiting Taylor as inventors and
entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR AUTHENTICATION,
SECURITY AND CONTROL OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES SUCH AS BATTERIES"
U.S. application Ser. No. 13/559,264 filed on Jul. 26, 2012 naming
Hok-Sum Horace Luke and Matthew Whiting Taylor as inventors and
entitled "DYNAMICALLY LIMITING VEHICLE OPERATION FOR BEST EFFORT
ECONOMY", U.S. application Ser. No. 13/559,390 filed on Jul. 26,
2012, naming Ching Chen, Hok-Sum Horace Luke, Matthew Whiting
Taylor, Yi-Tsung Wu as inventors and entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD
AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC DATA", U.S.
application Ser. No. 13/559,343 filed on Jul. 26, 2012, naming
Yi-Tsung Wu, Matthew Whiting Taylor, Hok-Sum Horace Luke and
Jung-Hsiu Chen as inventors and entitled "APPARATUS, METHOD AND
ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION REGARDING AVAILABILITY OF POWER
STORAGE DEVICES AT A POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION, CHARGING AND
DISTRIBUTION MACHINE", and U.S. application Ser. No. 13/559,064
filed on Jul. 26, 2012, naming Hok-Sum Horace Luke, Yi-Tsung Wu,
Jung-Hsiu Chen, Yulin Wu, Chien Ming Huang, TsungTing Chan,
Shen-Chi Chen and Feng Kai Yang as inventors and entitled
"APPARATUS, METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR RESERVING POWER STORAGE DEVICES
AT RESERVING POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION, CHARGING AND
DISTRIBUTION MACHINES" are incorporated herein by reference, in
their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if
necessary, to employ systems, circuits and concepts of the various
patents, applications and publications to provide yet further
embodiments.
While generally discussed in the environment and context of
collection, charging and distribution of portable electrical energy
storage devices for use with personal transportation vehicle such
as all-electric scooters and/or motorbikes, the teachings herein
can be applied in a wide variety of other environments, including
other vehicular as well as non-vehicular environments.
The above description of illustrated embodiments, including what is
described in the Abstract of the Disclosure, is not intended to be
exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms
disclosed. Although specific embodiments and examples are described
herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications
can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
disclosure, as will be recognized by those skilled in the relevant
art.
These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of
the above-detailed description. In general, in the following
claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims
to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the
claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments
along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are
entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the
disclosure.
* * * * *