U.S. patent number 8,512,132 [Application Number 13/252,969] was granted by the patent office on 2013-08-20 for universally compliant multi-currency progressive jackpot system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to IGT. The grantee listed for this patent is Mark C. Nicely. Invention is credited to Mark C. Nicely.
United States Patent |
8,512,132 |
Nicely |
August 20, 2013 |
Universally compliant multi-currency progressive jackpot system
Abstract
Disclosed herein are techniques and equipment for providing a
multi-currency progressive jackpot system. In addition to a primary
jackpot currency, other currencies may participate in the jackpot
as well. If any currency wins the jackpot, the jackpot resets for
all currencies.
Inventors: |
Nicely; Mark C. (Daly City,
CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Nicely; Mark C. |
Daly City |
CA |
US |
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Assignee: |
IGT (Reno, NV)
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Family
ID: |
47993101 |
Appl.
No.: |
13/252,969 |
Filed: |
October 4, 2011 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20130084966 A1 |
Apr 4, 2013 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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61541932 |
Sep 30, 2011 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
463/27; 463/26;
463/25 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07F
17/3258 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63F
13/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;463/25-27 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Suhol; Dmitry
Assistant Examiner: Duffy; David
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foley & Lardner LLP
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No.
61/541,932, entitled "UNIVERSALLY COMPLIANT MULTI-CURRENCY
PROGRESSIVE JACKPOT SYSTEM" filed Sep. 30, 2011, which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and for all
purposes.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A wager gaming method comprising: a) identifying a primary
currency for participation in a multi-currency progressive (MCP)
jackpot having an MCP jackpot cycle; b) determining an overall
return-to-player (RTP) for the MCP jackpot with respect to the
primary currency; c) identifying a secondary currency for
participation in the MCP jackpot, the secondary currency different
from the primary currency; d) determining an exchange rate between
the primary currency and the secondary currency, the exchange rate
temporally linked to the MCP jackpot cycle; e) determining, using
one or more processors, a seed amount of the secondary currency
that, when added to an amount of average total expected wager
contributions for the MCP jackpot during the MCP jackpot cycle,
produces an overall RTP for the MCP jackpot with respect to the
secondary currency that is substantially the same as the overall
RTP for the MCP jackpot with respect to the primary currency; f)
initializing a primary currency meter; g) initializing a secondary
currency meter with at least a first amount of the seed amount; h)
offering the MCP jackpot for play; i) updating the primary currency
meter and the secondary currency meter based on game play; j)
determining that the MCP jackpot has been won by a first wager,
wherein the first wager is received in the primary currency or the
secondary currency; and k) awarding an amount indicated by
whichever of the primary currency meter and the secondary currency
meter corresponds with the currency of the first wager.
2. The wager gaming method of claim 1, the method further
comprising: l) transferring a second amount of the seed amount into
a secondary escrow associated with the secondary currency meter;
and m) transferring one or more portions of the second amount to
the secondary currency meter from the secondary escrow while the
MCP jackpot is offered for play.
3. The wager gaming method of claim 2, wherein the transferring
from the secondary escrow to the secondary currency meter occurs
over an extended period of time and until the second amount of the
secondary currency is entirely transferred to the secondary
currency meter.
4. The wager gaming method of claim 2, wherein the transferring
occurs at a first rate, the first rate calculated based on the
second amount of the secondary currency and a predicted average
duration of the MCP jackpot cycle.
5. The wager gaming method of claim 1, the method further
comprising: l) receiving one or more first monetary contributions
towards the MCP jackpot from a first gaming machine, each first
monetary contribution taken from a wager in the primary currency on
the first gaming machine; m) receiving one or more second monetary
contributions towards the MCP jackpot from a second gaming machine,
each second monetary contribution taken from a wager in the
secondary currency on the second gaming machine; n) incrementing
the primary currency meter by each received first monetary
contribution; o) incrementing the primary currency meter by an
amount of the primary currency equal to each received second
monetary contribution in absolute monetary terms; p) incrementing
the secondary currency meter by each received second monetary
contribution; and q) incrementing the secondary currency meter by
an amount of the secondary currency equal to each received first
monetary contribution in absolute monetary terms.
6. The wager gaming method of claim 5, wherein the method further
comprises: repeating steps l), n), and o) for one or more
additional first gaming machines; repeating steps m), p), and q)
for one or more additional second gaming machines; resetting the
first currency meter and the secondary currency meter after
awarding the amount; and initiating another MCP jackpot cycle.
7. The wager gaming method of claim 5, wherein each first monetary
contribution is equal to each second monetary contribution in
absolute monetary terms.
8. The wager gaming method of claim 5, the method further
comprising: r) transferring a second amount of the seed amount into
a secondary escrow associated with the secondary currency meter;
and s) transferring one or more portions of the second amount to
the secondary currency meter from the secondary escrow while the
MCP jackpot is offered for play, wherein: the transferring from the
secondary escrow to the secondary currency meter occurs each time
the secondary currency meter is incremented, and the portions
transferred are each substantially equal to the second amount of
the secondary currency divided by a predicted average number of
first and second monetary contributions that will be received
during the MCP jackpot cycle.
9. The wager gaming method of claim 1, wherein steps a) through k)
are repeated for multiple MCP jackpot cycles.
10. The wager gaming method of claim 9, further comprising: for
each MCP jackpot cycle, initializing the secondary currency meter
with at least the first amount of the seed amount, wherein, for
each MCP jackpot cycle, the first amount is the same.
11. The wager gaming method of claim 1, wherein the first amount is
a round number.
12. The wager gaming method of claim 1, wherein the first amount is
a multiple of 5.
13. The wager gaming method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying one or more additional, different secondary currencies
for participation in the MCP jackpot; and repeating steps c)
through e) for each of the one or more additional, different
secondary currencies.
14. A wager gaming system comprising: one or more servers, the one
or more servers including a memory, one or more processors, an
input interface, and a communications link communicatively
connected with each other, the one or more servers configured to:
a) receive input, via the input interface, identifying a primary
currency for participation in a multi-currency progressive (MCP)
jackpot having an MCP jackpot cycle; b) receive information, via
the input interface, indicating an overall return-to-player (RTP)
for the MCP jackpot with respect to the primary currency; c)
receive, via the input interface, input identifying a secondary
currency for participation in the MCP jackpot, the secondary
currency different from the primary currency; d) retrieve, via the
communications link, an exchange rate between the primary currency
and the secondary currency, the exchange rate temporally linked to
the MCP jackpot cycle; e) determine a seed amount of the secondary
currency that, when added to an amount of average total expected
wager contributions for the MCP jackpot during the MCP jackpot
cycle, produces an overall RTP for the MCP jackpot with respect to
the secondary currency that is substantially the same as the
overall RTP for the MCP jackpot with respect to the primary
currency; f) initialize a primary currency meter; g) initialize a
secondary currency meter with at least a first amount of the seed
amount; h) offer the MCP jackpot for play; i) update the primary
currency meter and the secondary currency meter based on game play;
j) determine that the MCP jackpot has been won by a first wager,
wherein the first wager is received in the primary currency or the
secondary currency; and k) award an amount indicated by whichever
of the primary currency meter and the secondary currency meter
corresponds with the currency of the first wager.
15. The wager gaming system of claim 14, the one or more servers
further configured to: l) transfer a second amount of the seed
amount into a secondary escrow associated with the secondary
currency meter; and m) transfer one or more portions of the second
amount to the secondary currency meter from the secondary escrow
while the MCP jackpot is offered for play.
16. The wager gaming system of claim 15, wherein the one or more
servers is further configured to transfer the one or more portions
of the second amount from the secondary escrow to the secondary
currency meter over an extended period of time and until the second
amount of the secondary currency is entirely transferred to the
secondary currency meter.
17. The wager gaming system of claim 15, wherein the one or more
servers is further configured to transfer the one or more portions
of the second amount from the secondary escrow to the secondary
currency meter at a first rate, the first rate calculated based on
the second amount of the secondary currency and a predicted average
duration of the MCP jackpot cycle.
18. The wager gaming system of claim 14, the one or more servers
further configured to: l) receive one or more first monetary
contributions towards the MCP jackpot from a first gaming machine,
each first monetary contribution taken from a wager in the primary
currency on the first gaming machine; m) receive one or more second
monetary contributions towards the MCP jackpot from a second gaming
machine, each second monetary contribution taken from a wager in
the secondary currency on the second gaming machine; n) increment
the primary currency meter by each received first monetary
contribution; o) increment the primary currency meter by an amount
of the primary currency equal to each received second monetary
contribution in absolute monetary terms; p) increment the secondary
currency meter by each received second monetary contribution; and
q) increment the secondary currency meter by an amount of the
secondary currency equal to each received first monetary
contribution in absolute monetary terms.
19. The wager gaming system of claim 18, the one or more servers
further configured to: repeat steps l), n), and o) for one or more
additional first gaming machines; repeat steps m), p), and q) for
one or more additional second gaming machines; reset the first
currency meter and the secondary currency meter after awarding the
amount; and initiate another MCP jackpot cycle.
20. The wager gaming system of claim 18, wherein each first
monetary contribution is equal to each second monetary contribution
in absolute monetary terms.
21. The wager gaming system of claim 18, the one or more servers
further configured to: r) transfer a second amount of the seed
amount into a secondary escrow associated with the secondary
currency meter; s) transfer one or more portions of the second
amount to the secondary currency meter from the secondary escrow
while the MCP jackpot is offered for play, wherein: the one or more
servers is further configured to transfer the one or more portions
of the second amount from the secondary escrow to the secondary
currency meter each time the secondary currency meter is
incremented, and the portions transferred are each substantially
equal to the second amount of the secondary currency divided by a
predicted average number of first and second monetary contributions
that will be received during the MCP jackpot cycle.
22. The wager gaming system of claim 14, the one or more servers
further configured to repeat a) through k) for multiple MCP jackpot
cycles.
23. The wager gaming system of claim 22, the one or more servers
further configured to, for each MCP jackpot cycle, initialize the
secondary currency meter with at least the first amount of the seed
amount, wherein, for each MCP jackpot cycle, the first amount is
the same.
24. The wager gaming system of claim 14, wherein the first amount
is a round number.
25. The wager gaming system of claim 14, wherein the first amount
is a multiple of 5.
26. The wager gaming system of claim 14, the one or more servers
further configured to: receive, via the input interface, input
identifying one or more additional, different secondary currencies
for participation in the MCP jackpot; and repeat c) through e) for
each of the one or more additional, different secondary
currencies.
27. Computer software stored on at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium, the computer software including
instructions for controlling devices in a gaming network to perform
the following steps: a) identifying a primary currency for
participation in a multi-currency progressive (MCP) jackpot having
an MCP jackpot cycle; b) determining an overall return-to-player
(RTP) for the MCP jackpot with respect to the primary currency; c)
identifying a secondary currency for participation in the MCP
jackpot, the secondary currency different from the primary
currency; d) determining an exchange rate between the primary
currency and the secondary currency, the exchange rate temporally
linked to the MCP jackpot cycle; and e) determining a seed amount
of the secondary currency that, when added to an amount of average
total expected wager contributions for the MCP jackpot during the
MCP jackpot cycle, produces an overall RTP for the MCP jackpot with
respect to the secondary currency that is substantially the same as
the overall RTP for the MCP jackpot with respect to the primary
currency; f) initializing a primary currency meter; g) initializing
a secondary currency meter with at least a first amount of the seed
amount; h) offering the MCP jackpot for play; i) updating the
primary currency meter and the secondary currency meter based on
game play; j) determining that the MCP jackpot has been won by a
first wager, wherein the first wager is received in the primary
currency or the secondary currency; and k) awarding an amount
indicated by whichever of the primary currency meter and the
secondary currency meter corresponds with the currency of the first
wager.
28. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 27, the software further
comprising: l) transferring a second amount of the seed amount into
a secondary escrow associated with the secondary currency meter; m)
transferring one or more portions of the second amount to the
secondary currency meter from the secondary escrow while the MCP
jackpot is offered for play.
29. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the transferring from
the secondary escrow to the secondary currency meter occurs over an
extended period of time and until the second amount of the
secondary currency is entirely transferred to the secondary
currency meter.
30. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the transferring
occurs at a first rate, the first rate calculated based on the
second amount of the secondary currency and a predicted average
duration of the MCP jackpot cycle.
31. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 27, the software further
comprising instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to perform the following steps: l) receiving one or more
first monetary contributions towards the MCP jackpot from a first
gaming machine, each first monetary contribution taken from a wager
in the primary currency on the first gaming machine; m) receiving
one or more second monetary contributions towards the MCP jackpot
from a second gaming machine, each second monetary contribution
taken from a wager in the secondary currency on the second gaming
machine; n) incrementing the primary currency meter by each
received first monetary contribution; o) incrementing the primary
currency meter by an amount of the primary currency equal to each
received second monetary contribution in absolute monetary terms;
p) incrementing the secondary currency meter by each received
second monetary contribution; and q) incrementing the secondary
currency meter by an amount of the secondary currency equal to each
received first monetary contribution in absolute monetary
terms.
32. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 31, the software further
comprising instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to perform the following steps: repeating steps l), n), and
o) for one or more additional first gaming machines; repeating
steps m), p), and q) for one or more additional second gaming
machines; resetting the first currency meter and the secondary
currency meter after awarding the amount; and initiating another
MCP jackpot cycle.
33. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 31, wherein each first monetary
contribution is equal to each second monetary contribution in
absolute monetary terms.
34. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 31, the software further
comprising instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to perform the following steps: r) transferring a second
amount of the seed amount into a secondary escrow associated with
the secondary currency meter; and s) transferring one or more
portions of the second amount to the secondary currency meter from
the secondary escrow while the MCP jackpot is offered for play,
wherein: the transferring from the secondary escrow to the
secondary currency meter occurs each time the secondary currency
meter is incremented, and the portions transferred are each
substantially equal to the second amount of the secondary currency
divided by a predicted average number of first and second monetary
contributions that will be received during the MCP jackpot
cycle.
35. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 27, wherein steps a) through k)
are repeated for multiple MCP jackpot cycles.
36. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 35, the software further
comprising instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to perform the following steps: for each MCP jackpot cycle,
initializing the secondary currency meter with at least the first
amount of the seed amount, wherein, for each MCP jackpot cycle, the
first amount is the same.
37. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 27, wherein the first amount is a
round number.
38. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 27, wherein the first amount is a
multiple of 5.
39. The computer software stored on the at least one non-transitory
machine-readable medium of claim 27, the software further
comprising instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to perform the following steps: identifying one or more
additional, different secondary currencies for participation in the
MCP jackpot; and repeating steps c) through e) for each of the one
or more additional, different secondary currencies.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates generally to wager-based gaming
machines and systems, and more specifically to multi-currency
progressive jackpot systems for use with wager-based gaming
systems.
BACKGROUND
Entities offering wager gaming may provide various incentives to
induce players to engage in continued or increased
revenue-generating game play. For example, many gaming operators
offer progressive jackpots as a player incentive. Such jackpots are
typically funded using a portion of each wager bet over one or more
of gaming machines. A player typically has a lower chance of
achieving a progressive jackpot than achieving a non-progressive
winning outcome in a game offered by the gaming machine, but
because progressive jackpots grow over time until they are won,
progressive jackpots are also typically larger than most if not all
individual non-progressive award amounts.
SUMMARY
In some implementations, a wager gaming technique is provided, the
technique including (a) identifying a primary currency for
participation in a multi-currency progressive (MCP) jackpot having
an MCP jackpot cycle and (b) determining an overall
return-to-player (RTP) for the MCP jackpot with respect to the
primary currency. The technique may further include (c) identifying
a secondary currency for participation in the MCP jackpot, the
secondary currency different from the primary currency, and (d)
determining an exchange rate between the primary currency and the
secondary currency, the exchange rate temporally linked to the MCP
jackpot cycle. The technique may also include (e) determining a
seed amount of the secondary currency which, when added to an
amount of average total expected wager contributions for the MCP
jackpot during the MCP jackpot cycle, produces an overall RTP for
the MCP jackpot with respect to the secondary currency which is
substantially the same as the overall RTP for the MCP jackpot with
respect to the primary currency.
In some implementations, the technique may further include (f)
initializing a secondary currency meter with at least a first
amount of the seed amount. In some further implementations, the
technique may also include (g) transferring a second amount of the
seed amount into a secondary escrow associated with the secondary
currency meter, (h) offering the MCP jackpot for play, and (i)
transferring one or more portions of the second amount to the
secondary currency meter from the secondary escrow while the MCP
jackpot is offered for play.
In some implementations, the technique may also include (g)
receiving one or more first monetary contributions towards the
progressive jackpot from a first gaming machine, each first
monetary contribution taken from a wager in the primary currency on
the first gaming machine and (h) receiving one or more second
monetary contributions towards the progressive jackpot from a
second gaming machine, each second monetary contribution taken from
a wager in the secondary currency on the second gaming machine. The
technique may also include (i) incrementing a primary currency
meter by each received first monetary contribution, (j)
incrementing the primary currency meter by an amount of the primary
currency equal to each received second monetary contribution in
absolute monetary terms, (k) incrementing the secondary currency
meter by each received second monetary contribution, and (l)
incrementing the secondary currency meter by an amount of the
secondary currency equal to each received first monetary
contribution in absolute monetary terms.
In some implementations, the technique may further comprise
repeating steps (g), (i), and (l), as outlined above for one or
more additional first gaming machines and repeating steps (h), (j),
and (k) for one or more additional second gaming machines. The
technique may further include determining that the MCP jackpot has
been won by a first wager of the wagers from which the first and
second monetary contributions are received and awarding an amount
indicated by the currency meter corresponding with the currency of
the first wager. The technique may also include resetting the first
currency meter and the secondary currency meter; and initiating
another MCP jackpot cycle. In some implementations of the
technique, each first monetary contribution may be equal to each
second monetary contribution in absolute monetary terms.
In some implementations of the technique, the transferring from the
secondary escrow to the secondary currency meter occurs over an
extended period of time and until the second amount of the
secondary currency is entirely transferred to the secondary
currency meter. In some implementations of the technique, the
transferring occurs at a first rate, the first rate calculated
based on the second amount of the secondary currency and a
predicted average duration of the MCP jackpot cycle.
Some implementations of the technique further include (m)
transferring a second amount of the seed amount into a secondary
escrow associated with the secondary currency meter and (n)
offering the MCP jackpot for play. The technique may also include
transferring one or more portions of the second amount to the
secondary currency meter from the secondary escrow while the MCP
jackpot is offered for play. The transferring from the secondary
escrow to the secondary currency meter may occur each time the
secondary currency meter is incremented and the portions
transferred may each be substantially equal to the second amount of
the secondary currency divided by a predicted average number of
first and second monetary contributions which will be received
during the MCP jackpot cycle.
In some implementations of the technique, steps a) through e) are
repeated for multiple MCP jackpot cycles. Some implementations of
the technique may further include, for each MCP jackpot cycle,
initializing a secondary currency meter with at least a first
amount of the seed amount, wherein, for each MCP jackpot cycle, the
first amount is the same.
In some implementations of the technique, the first amount is a
round number. For example, in some implementations, the first
amount may be a multiple of 5.
Some implementations of the technique may further include
identifying one or more additional, different secondary currencies
for participation in the MCP jackpot and repeating steps c) through
e) for each of the one or more additional, different secondary
currencies.
In some implementations, a wager gaming system is provided. The
wager gaming system may include one or more servers, the one or
more servers including a memory, one or more processors, an input
interface, and a communications link communicatively connected with
each other. The one or more servers may be configured to (a)
receive input, via the input interface, identifying a primary
currency for participation in an MCP jackpot having an MCP jackpot
cycle and b) receive information, via the input interface,
indicating an overall return-to-player (RTP) for the MCP jackpot
with respect to the primary currency. The one or more servers may
be further configured to c) receive, via the input interface, input
identifying a secondary currency for participation in the MCP
jackpot, the secondary currency different from the primary
currency; d) retrieve, via the communications link, an exchange
rate between the primary currency and the secondary currency, the
exchange rate temporally linked to the MCP jackpot cycle. The one
or more servers may also be configured to e) determine a seed
amount of the secondary currency which, when added to an amount of
average total expected wager contributions for the MCP jackpot
during the MCP jackpot cycle, produces an overall RTP for the MCP
jackpot with respect to the secondary currency which is
substantially the same as the overall RTP for the MCP jackpot with
respect to the primary currency.
In some wager gaming system implementations, the one or more
servers may be configured to (f) initialize a secondary currency
meter with at least a first amount of the seed amount. In some
further wager gaming system implementations, the one or more
servers may be further configured to (g) transfer a second amount
of the seed amount into a secondary escrow associated with the
secondary currency meter, (h) offer the MCP jackpot for play, and
(i) transfer one or more portions of the second amount to the
secondary currency meter from the secondary escrow while the MCP
jackpot is offered for play.
In some wager gaming system implementations, the one or more
servers may be configured to (g) receive one or more first monetary
contributions towards the progressive jackpot from a first gaming
machine, each first monetary contribution taken from a wager in the
primary currency on the first gaming machine and (h) receive one or
more second monetary contributions towards the progressive jackpot
from a second gaming machine, each second monetary contribution
taken from a wager in the secondary currency on the second gaming
machine. The one or more servers may also be configured to (i)
increment a primary currency meter by each received first monetary
contribution, (j) increment the primary currency meter by an amount
of the primary currency equal to each received second monetary
contribution in absolute monetary terms, (k) increment the
secondary currency meter by each received second monetary
contribution, and (l) increment the secondary currency meter by an
amount of the secondary currency equal to each received first
monetary contribution in absolute monetary terms.
In some wager gaming system implementations, the one or more
servers may be further configured to repeat steps (g), (i), and (l)
for one or more additional first gaming machines and repeat steps
(h), (j), and (k) for one or more additional second gaming
machines. The one or more servers may also be configured to
determine that the MCP jackpot has been won by a first wager of the
wagers from which the first and second monetary contributions are
received, award an amount indicated by the currency meter
corresponding with the currency of the first wager, reset the first
currency meter and the secondary currency meter, and initiate
another MCP jackpot cycle.
In some wager gaming system implementations, each first monetary
contribution may be equal to each second monetary contribution in
absolute monetary terms.
In some wager gaming system implementations, the one or more
servers may be further configured to transfer the one or more
portions of the second amount from the secondary escrow to the
secondary currency meter over an extended period of time and until
the second amount of the secondary currency is entirely transferred
to the secondary currency meter. In some wager gaming system
implementations, the one or more servers may be further configured
to transfer the one or more portions of the second amount from the
secondary escrow to the secondary currency meter at a first rate,
the first rate calculated based on the second amount of the
secondary currency and a predicted average duration of the MCP
jackpot cycle.
In some wager gaming system implementations, the one or more
servers may be further configured to (m) transfer a second amount
of the seed amount into a secondary escrow associated with the
secondary currency meter; (n) offer the MCP jackpot for play; and
(o) transfer one or more portions of the second amount to the
secondary currency meter from the secondary escrow while the MCP
jackpot is offered for play. In such implementations, the one or
more servers may be further configured to transfer the one or more
portions of the second amount from the secondary escrow to the
secondary currency meter each time the secondary currency meter is
incremented, and the portions transferred may each be substantially
equal to the second amount of the secondary currency divided by a
predicted average number of first and second monetary contributions
which will be received during the MCP jackpot cycle.
In some wager gaming system implementations, the one or more
servers may be further configured to repeat a) through e) for
multiple MCP jackpot cycles. In some wager gaming system
implementations, the one or more servers may be further configured
to, for each MCP jackpot cycle, initialize a secondary currency
meter with at least a first amount of the seed amount, wherein, for
each MCP jackpot cycle, the first amount is the same.
In some wager gaming system implementations, the first amount may
be a round number. For example, the first amount may be a multiple
of 5.
In some wager gaming system implementations, the one or more
servers may be further configured to receive, via the input
interface, input identifying one or more additional, different
secondary currencies for participation in the MCP jackpot and
repeat c) through e) for each of the one or more additional,
different secondary currencies.
In some implementations, computer software stored on at least one
machine-readable medium may be provided. The computer software may
include instructions for controlling devices in a gaming network to
(a) identify a primary currency for participation in a
multi-currency progressive (MCP) jackpot having an MCP jackpot
cycle and (b) determine an overall return-to-player (RTP) for the
MCP jackpot with respect to the primary currency. The software may
also include instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to (c) identify a secondary currency for participation in
the MCP jackpot, the secondary currency different from the primary
currency and (d) determine an exchange rate between the primary
currency and the secondary currency, the exchange rate temporally
linked to the MCP jackpot cycle. The software may also include
instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming network to
(e) determine a seed amount of the secondary currency which, when
added to an amount of average total expected wager contributions
for the MCP jackpot during the MCP jackpot cycle, produces an
overall RTP for the MCP jackpot with respect to the secondary
currency which is substantially the same as the overall RTP for the
MCP jackpot with respect to the primary currency.
In some machine-readable medium implementations, the software may
also include instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to (f) initialize a secondary currency meter with at least
a first amount of the seed amount.
In some machine-readable medium implementations, the software may
also include instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to (g) transfer a second amount of the seed amount into a
secondary escrow associated with the secondary currency meter, (h)
offer the MCP jackpot for play, and (i) transfer one or more
portions of the second amount to the secondary currency meter from
the secondary escrow while the MCP jackpot is offered for play.
In some machine-readable medium implementations, the software may
also include instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to (m) receive one or more first monetary contributions
towards the progressive jackpot from a first gaming machine, each
first monetary contribution taken from a wager in the primary
currency on the first gaming machine and (n) receive one or more
second monetary contributions towards the progressive jackpot from
a second gaming machine, each second monetary contribution taken
from a wager in the secondary currency on the second gaming
machine. The software may also include instructions for controlling
the devices in the gaming network to (o) increment a primary
currency meter by each received first monetary contribution and (p)
increment the primary currency meter by an amount of the primary
currency equal to each received second monetary contribution in
absolute monetary terms. The software may further include
instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming network to
(q) increment the secondary currency meter by each received second
monetary contribution and (r) increment the secondary currency
meter by an amount of the secondary currency equal to each received
first monetary contribution in absolute monetary terms.
In some machine-readable medium implementations, the software may
also include instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to repeat g), i), and l) for one or more additional first
gaming machines and repeat h), j), and k) for one or more
additional second gaming machines. The software may further include
instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming network to
determine that the MCP jackpot has been won by a first wager of the
wagers from which the first and second monetary contributions are
received and award an amount indicated by the currency meter
corresponding with the currency of the first wager. The software
may also include instructions for controlling the devices in the
gaming network to reset the first currency meter and the secondary
currency meter and initiate another MCP jackpot cycle.
In some machine-readable medium implementations, each first
monetary contribution may be equal to each second monetary
contribution in absolute monetary terms. In some machine-readable
medium implementations, the transferring from the secondary escrow
to the secondary currency meter occurs over an extended period of
time and until the second amount of the secondary currency is
entirely transferred to the secondary currency meter. In some
machine-readable medium implementations, the transferring occurs at
a first rate, the first rate calculated based on the second amount
of the secondary currency and a predicted average duration of the
MCP jackpot cycle.
In some machine-readable medium implementations, the software may
also include instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to (p) transfer a second amount of the seed amount into a
secondary escrow associated with the secondary currency meter, (q)
offering the MCP jackpot for play; and (r) transfer one or more
portions of the second amount to the secondary currency meter from
the secondary escrow while the MCP jackpot is offered for play. The
transferring from the secondary escrow to the secondary currency
meter may occur each time the secondary currency meter is
incremented, and the portions transferred may each be substantially
equal to the second amount of the secondary currency divided by a
predicted average number of first and second monetary contributions
which will be received during the MCP jackpot cycle.
In some machine-readable medium implementations, a) through e) may
be repeated for multiple MCP jackpot cycles. In some
machine-readable medium implementations, the software may also
include instructions for further controlling the devices in the
gaming network to, for each MCP jackpot cycle, initialize a
secondary currency meter with at least a first amount of the seed
amount, wherein, for each MCP jackpot cycle, the first amount is
the same.
In some machine-readable medium implementations, the first amount
may be a round number. For example, the first amount may be a
multiple of 5.
In some machine-readable medium implementations, the software may
also include instructions for controlling the devices in the gaming
network to identify one or more additional, different secondary
currencies for participation in the MCP jackpot and repeat c)
through e) for each of the one or more additional, different
secondary currencies.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The included drawings are for illustrative purposes and serve only
to provide examples of possible structures and process steps for
the disclosed inventive systems, methods, and apparatuses for
providing multi-currency progressive jackpots for wagering game
play. These drawings in no way limit any changes in form and detail
that may be made to implementations by one skilled in the art
without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 depicts a high-level flow diagram for one technique outlined
in this disclosure.
FIG. 2 depicts a high-level diagram showing various meter values
according to one example implementation.
FIG. 3 depicts a high-level flow diagram for another technique
outlined in this disclosure.
FIG. 4 depicts a high-level diagram of a system which may be used
to implement the techniques outlined herein.
FIGS. 5A-5C depict isometric, front, and side views, respectively,
of a wagering game machine which may be used in implementing the
techniques described herein.
FIG. 6 depicts a high-level conceptual schematic of a wager gaming
system which may be used to implement the techniques described
herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Although the following text sets forth a detailed description of
numerous different embodiments, it should be understood that the
legal scope of the invention is defined by the words of the claims
set forth at the end of this patent. The detailed description is to
be construed as an example only and does not describe every
possible embodiment since describing every possible embodiment
would be impractical, if not impossible. Numerous alternative
embodiments may be implemented, using either current technology or
technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which
would still fall within the scope of the claims defining the
invention.
It should also be understood that, unless a term is expressly
defined in this patent using the sentence "As used herein, the term
`_` is hereby defined to mean . . . " or a similar sentence, there
is no intent to limit the meaning of that term, either expressly or
by implication, beyond its plain or ordinary meaning, and such term
should not be interpreted to be limited in scope based on any
statement made in any section of this patent (other than the
language of the claims). To the extent that any term recited in the
claims at the end of this patent is referred to in this patent in a
manner consistent with a single meaning, that is done for sake of
clarity only so as to not confuse the reader, and it is not
intended that such claim term by limited, by implication or
otherwise, to that single meaning. Finally, unless a claim element
is defined by reciting the word "means" and a function without the
recital of any structure, it is not intended that the scope of any
claim element be interpreted based on the application of 35 U.S.C.
.sctn.112, sixth paragraph.
DEFINITIONS
Absolute Monetary Value: The absolute monetary value is the value
of an amount of a currency with respect to a reference currency
relative to a specific reference currency exchange rate established
at a particular point in time. The absolute monetary value may
remain constant--even though the actual currency exchange rate may
fluctuate continuously with time--until the reference exchange rate
is changed. For example, the absolute monetary value of .English
Pound.100 with respect to a reference currency of US dollars would
be $165 if the exchange rate is $1.65:.English Pound.1. The
absolute monetary value may be tied to a point in time or a period
of time to take into account fluctuations in exchange rates. It may
be, for example, calculated based on the daily average of the
exchange rate over the last 30 days. An alternatively calculation
may be based on the lowest exchange rate in the last week or at the
end of the last calendar month. In some situations, a constant
currency exchange rate is established for a specified period of
time such as a regular period such as daily, weekly, monthly or a
context-specific period such as the period of time until the
progressive jackpot is won by a player, or such as the period of
time until the initiation of play on a game that can win the
progressive jackpot or such as the period of time in which the
current real-world exchange rate changes by more than a specific
amount or by more than a specific percentage relative to the
reference currency exchange rate used by the gaming system.
X is less than/equal to/greater than Y in absolute monetary terms:
A comparison between two currency amounts in which the phrase "in
absolute monetary terms" is used refers to a comparison which is to
be made by comparing the absolute monetary value of one of the
currency amounts in terms of the other currency to the other
currency amount. For example, X may have a value of $150 and Y may
have a value of .English Pound.100. In absolute monetary terms and
using the exchange rate of $1.65:.English Pound.1, X is less than
Y, even though X has more dollars than Y has of pounds.
Temporally Linked: In the context of exchange rates and progressive
jackpots, exchange rates which are temporally linked to a
particular progressive jackpot share some common relationship with
the progressive jackpot because of some commonality between the
time periods each is in effect. Progressive jackpots grow over a
period of time, and typically terminate when a player wins the
progressive jackpot. This period of time may also be referred to as
a "cycle." Exchange rates often fluctuate over time, and are often
specified with respect to a period of time, e.g., $1.65:.English
Pound.1 for Aug. 24, 2011; $1.55:.English Pound.1 for August 25;
etc. Examples of temporal linking of exchange rates to progressive
jackpots could include: (a) using the exchange rate for a given
date for a progressive jackpot which is initiated on the given
date, (b) using the average exchange rate for the 30 consecutive
days for a progressive jackpot which is initiated on a given date
coinciding with the end of the 30-day period, and (c) using the
average exchange rate for the previous calendar month for a
progressive jackpot which is initiated in a given month.
Return to Player (RTP): In the context of a gambling proposition,
the RTP represents the long-term expected payback that players as a
whole are expected to receive over a very large number of games,
said payback being the ratio of jackpot awards paid relative to
total wagers placed. The actual RTP that a given player experiences
can, and will, vary greatly from the long-term expected RTP,
relative to how many games said player plays. The actual RTP for a
player is the ratio of the player's actual amount won to the
player's actual amount wagered over a given period of time. The
larger the number of games a given player plays, the more likely
that the player's actual RTP will trend towards the long-term
expected RTP, but typically a given player would need to play in
excess of 100,000 or 1,000,000 game plays before their actual RTP
is likely to be close to the long-term expected RTP. In the context
of a progressive jackpot gambling proposition, the long-term
expected payback is based on the effect of a very large number of
jackpots awarded over a very large number of games, thus reflecting
the expected payback of the average jackpot award. The
instantaneous RTP for a progressive jackpot gambling proposition
represents the long-term expected RTP for a proposition with the
current win odds and the current jackpot value of said proposition.
Thus the instantaneous RTP of a given progressive jackpot increases
as the progressive jackpot value increases over the course of the
progressive jackpot cycle until the jackpot progressive is awarded
and a replacement jackpot progressive at a lower starting value is
activated. For example, consider a progressive jackpot with odds of
1000:1 which is funded using 4% of each $2 wager, i.e, $0.08 of
each wager. On average, there will be a winner of such a
progressive jackpot every 1000 wagers, which results in a
progressive jackpot growth of $80=$0.081000 games. The long-term
expected RTP is therefore $80 of award per $21000 games, or
$80/$2000, which equals 4%. This is consistent with the fact that
4% of wagers are going to the progressive jackpot which in turn
funds the progressive jackpot growth. However, if, for example, the
same jackpot was initiated with a $100 seed value, the RTP would
then be ($100+$80)/(1000$2)=0.09=9%. As is evident, in a
progressive jackpot in which the winnings are solely derived from
contributions from players' wagers, e.g., a seedless progressive
jackpot, the RTP percentage will be the same as the percentage of
each wager which is contributed to the progressive jackpot. In
seeded progressive jackpots, the "overall RTP" percentage can be
thought of as being the sum of two RTP percentages--the RTP
percentage derived from the portion of player's wagers which fund
the progressive jackpot ("wager-derived RTP"), and the RTP
percentage derived from the seed value divided by the average total
amount wagered before the progressive jackpot is won ("seed RTP").
In a case where multiple currencies contribute to a progressive
jackpot which may be won by a wager in any one of the currencies,
each currency may have its own RTP, which is calculated based on
the assumption that only wagers in that currency are made. As used
herein and in the claims, "RTP" is to be understood to refer to
long-term expected RTP. Any use of "instantaneous" in conjunction
with "RTP" or "actual" in conjunction with "RTP" will be understood
to refer to the instantaneous RTP and actual RTP as described
above.
Qualifying Wager: For a given progressive jackpot, a qualifying
wager is a wager which, when made, which is eligible to win the
progressive jackpot. In some regulatory jurisdictions, only
portions of qualifying wagers can be used to increase a progressive
jackpot. In other jurisdictions, portions of both qualifying and
non-qualifying wagers can be used to increase a progressive
jackpot. In some progressive jackpots, only one wagering amount may
be a qualifying wager, e.g., MAX bet (assuming all maximum bets in
participating machines are the same amount). In other progressive
jackpots, several different wagering amounts may be qualifying
wagers.
Qualifying Unit Wager: For a given odds of winning a progressive
jackpot, the qualifying unit wager is the amount which, when
wagered, produces those odds. In progressive jackpots which do not
support multi-level wagering, the odds of winning are typically
expressed in terms of the chance for any given wager to win the
progressive jackpot. For example, in a progressive jackpot where
all qualifying wagers are $2, the odds of winning may be expressed
as 1 in 1000 wagers. The qualifying unit wager in such a scenario
is $2. Some progressive jackpots may allow for multiple bet levels,
in which case the odds of winning for any given qualifying wager
may need to be scaled based on the ratio of the wager made to the
qualifying unit wager. For example, if the qualifying unit wager is
$1, but a player may make a $1, $2, or $3 qualifying wager, the
odds for each particular wager may scale linearly with the increase
in the wagering amount over the qualifying unit wager, i.e., a $2
wager may have twice the chance of winning the progressive jackpot
as the $1 wager, and the $3 wager may have three times the chance
of winning the progressive jackpot as the $1 wager. For MCP
jackpots, there may be different qualifying unit wagers for each
currency type.
Progressive Seed: In the context of this application, the
progressive seed, or simply "seed," is an amount of money which is
used to fund a progressive jackpot but which does not result in a
chance to win that progressive jackpot. Seed money, for example, is
often contributed by the gaming operator offering the progressive
jackpot. Another source for seed money is to use money drawn from
wager contributions to a previous progressive jackpot. For example,
a gaming operator may fund the first jackpot for a progressive
jackpot using funds designated for marketing expenses, i.e., casino
overhead. A sub-portion of each portion of each wager which is used
to fund the first jackpot may be set aside to fund a second,
follow-on jackpot. While the sub-portions are drawn from portions
of wagers which may be eligible to win the first jackpot, the
sub-portions fund the second jackpot, which the wagers are not
eligible to win.
Meter/Meter Amount: A meter, or meter amount, in the context of the
present application, refers to an accumulator which records the
value of a progressive jackpot over time. It may also be used to
refer to a device which reports out the current value of the
progressive jackpot over time. In some cases, there will be only
one meter which tracks the actual accumulation of funds for a
progressive jackpot, and the other meters will simply report out
whatever value that meter indicates. In other cases, however, there
may be multiple meters which track different sources of jackpot
funds. For example, in a multi-currency progressive jackpot, there
may be a meter for each currency participating in the jackpot.
There may also be a master meter which is referenced by each
currency meter; the master meter may track contributions from
players. Each currency meter may include an amount of the
corresponding currency which is equivalent to the master meter
amount in absolute monetary terms, but may also include additional
funds from other sources, such as a currency-specific seed
amount.
Cycle: A cycle, in the context of progressive jackpots, indicates
the period of time and/or number of games played between the
initialization or re-initialization of an MCP jackpot and the
awarding of that jackpot. In certain gaming systems, a plurality of
MCP jackpots may be available for the player to win. Usually,
though not always, each MCP jackpot award is independent of other
jackpots, therefore each jackpot has its own cycle.
Applicants wish to note that various examples involving numerical
calculation are given throughout this paper. In many cases, the
results of such calculations are shown rounded to the nearest
hundredth. However, in practice, such calculations may be performed
to a much higher degree of precision, and rounding may not be used,
may be minimized to the extent possible, or may be replaced with
some other technique, such as flooring to the nearest payable
currency unit, such as $0.01 or 1 cent in United States Dollars or
Rp 50 in Indonesian Rupiah.
All of the following methods and processes, along with other
methods and processes of the present invention, may be implemented
by software, firmware and/or hardware. For example, the methods of
the present invention may be implemented by computer programs
embodied in machine-readable media. The invention may be
implemented by networked gaming machines, game servers and/or other
such devices. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the
steps of the methods described herein are not necessarily performed
(and in some implementations are not performed) in the order shown.
Moreover, some implementations of the methods described herein may
include more or fewer steps than those shown and/or described.
In practical terms, some example server-based or distributed logic
systems, as described herein, may be used to provide a
multi-currency progressive which provides substantially the same
RTP to players regardless of what currency each player wagers in.
Such examples may allow players to avoid some potential issues with
other MCP systems as a result of currency exchange rate
fluctuations, while allowing gaming operators to operate MCPs which
are funded using consistent contributions from each qualifying
wager regardless of currency. Such examples of logic systems may
allow gaming operators to offer players playing in lower-liquidity
currencies a chance to play in a high-liquidity progressive.
In one implementation, a multi-currency progressive (MCP) may be
implemented to provide a progressive jackpot award which is funded
via two or more different currencies, and which may be distributed
to a winning player using the player's wagering currency or, in
some cases, a currency of the player's choice. An MCP may be
thought of as including a primary currency and one or more
secondary currencies. The MCP jackpot is displayed to players using
the primary currency via a primary currency meter, and to players
using the one or more secondary currencies via meters for those
respective secondary currencies. Generally speaking, the amounts
shown on each currency meter may be different.
The choice of which currency in the MCP will serve as the "primary"
currency and which currency or currencies will serve as the
"secondary" currency or currencies is a primarily a matter of
operator preference. For a progressive system that operates
entirely within a casino, such as within a single game or within a
bank of linked games, the operator may be the casino. For a
progressive system that operates across multiple casinos, usually
referred to as a Wide Area Progressive or WAP, the operator may be
the company which manages the network, e.g., a casino, an online
casino, a gaming manufacturer, or a progressive systems network
provider. For example, for an online casino whose player base
mostly plays in British .English Pound., such a casino would likely
select .English Pound. as the primary currency, with any other
supported currencies, such as the Euro, as the secondary
currency.
For example, an operator may currently operate a fairly quick,
i.e., relatively high rate of jackpot growth, single-currency
progressive (SCP) in Britain which is quite popular and a rather
sluggish, i.e., relatively low rate of jackpot growth, SCP in the
EU. The operator may wish to replace the two independent, SCPs with
a single MCP. Due to the fact that the British SCP is already a
strong performer, the operator may wish to designate the British
.English Pound. as the primary currency and the EU as the secondary
currency. In other implementations, an MCP may be configured to
support multiple currencies from the start. One difference between
the primary currency and the secondary currency is that fewer
parameters are changed with respect to the primary currency MCP
jackpot during each MCP jackpot cycle than are changed with respect
to the secondary currency MCP jackpot, as will become clear from
the examples discussed throughout this paper. In some
implementations, the configuration of the primary currency MCP
jackpot is identical to the configuration of an SCP using the
primary currency, whereas the configuration of the secondary
currency MCP jackpot for the same MCP may vary from cycle to cycle
depending on the exchange rates with respect to the primary
currency, as is detailed further in this paper.
Some MCP implementations may be implemented so as to satisfy
several overall design paradigms which may arise due to business or
regulatory requirements. For example, it may be desired to
configure the MCP such that the odds of any individual wager
winning the MCP are directly proportional to the absolute monetary
value of the portion of the player's wager which is used to fund
the MCP. In progressive jackpots in which only one currency is in
use, this simply reduces to the odds being directly proportional to
the portion of the player's wager which is used to fund the
MCP.
Some example implementations of the disclosed paradigms may allow
players using any of a variety of different participating
currencies in an MCP to place wagers without risk that currency
fluctuations will substantially impact the player's RTP in the MCP
with respect to their currency of play. Moreover, such examples may
allow for players to participate in an MCP without necessarily
providing any practical indication to the player that the player is
competing against players using other currencies in the MCP. For
example, players may not be provided information which may
indirectly alert them to the fact that an exchange rate is involved
in their play of the MCP.
Another design paradigm which may guide implementation of an MCP is
that the odds of winning the MCP are directly proportional to the
wager size between qualifying bet sizes within the same currency.
For example, if a wagering game allows for $1, $2, and $3 bet
levels, and if all of these bet levels qualify for participation in
the MCP, then a player betting $2 would be twice as likely to win
the MCP as a player betting $1. Similarly, a player betting $3
would be three times more likely to win the MCP than the player
betting $1 and 50% more likely to win the MCP than the player
betting $2. Some MCPs may include one or more currencies which
feature multi-level bets, but other MCPs may only offer a single
bet level within each currency.
Yet another design paradigm which may be satisfied by
implementations of an MCP as described herein is that the expected
average overall MCP return-to-player (RTP) does not change across
currencies.
Another design paradigm which may be satisfied by implementations
of an MCP is that the odds of winning an MCP jackpot do not change
from cycle to cycle for that MCP.
A further design paradigm which may be satisfied by implementations
of an MCP is that, for a given MCP, the absolute monetary value
contributed by each currency during a given time period and the
corresponding odds of winning are proportionally the same.
A discussion of an example SCP may provide useful context for
discussing the implementation of MCPs. A particular SCP may, at a
high level, be defined by factors such as the overall odds of
winning the SCP jackpot per qualifying unit wager, the average
estimated SCP jackpot award, the monetary contribution of each
qualifying unit wager, and, if implemented, the amount of the SCP
seed. Such factors may generally define the RTP for the SCP.
For example, a gaming operator may implement an SCP which is funded
by slot machines which accept $1, $2, and $3 bets. To encourage
higher wagers, wagers placed at the $2 and $3 bet levels may
qualify to be eligible to win the SCP jackpot, whereas wagers
placed at the $1 bet level may not. The gaming operator may
implement the SCP such that 5% of each qualifying wager is
contributed to the SCP jackpot during the SCP jackpot cycle. Thus,
$0.10 of each $2 wager and $0.15 of each $3 wager are contributed
to funding the SCP jackpot. In some such implementations, the $1
wagers may contribute to the SCP jackpot but have no chance of
winning the jackpot. Many jurisdictions, however, prohibit funding
a progressive jackpot with contributions from non-qualifying
wagers. In this example, the $1 wagers do not contribute to the SCP
jackpot and are not eligible to win the SCP jackpot. The gaming
operator may further implement the SCP such that the odds of
winning the SCP jackpot per qualifying unit wager are 1 in 1000.
The qualifying unit wager, in conjunction with the jackpot odds,
provides an estimate of the total wagers that will be made per SCP
jackpot cycle. In this example, the qualifying unit wager may be
the lowest qualifying wager, i.e., $2. Thus, if the odds of winning
the SCP are 1 in 1000 per each $2 qualifying unit wager, the gaming
operator can expect that average amount wagered each SCP cycle will
be 1000 wagers$2=$2000. Of that $2000 average amount wagered, 5%,
i.e., an average of $100, will be used to fund the SCP jackpot for
each SCP cycle. In this example, each player making a $2 wager has
a 1 in 1000 chance of winning the SCP jackpot as a result of making
that wager. Similarly, each player making a $3 wager has a 1.5 in
1000 chance of winning the SCP jackpot as a result of making that
wager. Therefore, the average number of $3 plays between each $3
jackpot win is 1000 chances per cycle/1.5 chances per $3 play=666.7
$3 plays per cycle. Thus the gaming operator can expect that
average amount wagered each SCP cycle with bets of $3 will be 666.7
wagers$3=$2000. Of that $2000 average amount wagered, 5%, i.e., an
average of $100, will be used to fund the SCP jackpot for each SCP
cycle. The overall RTP for this example thus far is the average
jackpot amount of $100 divided by the average total amount wagered
before the SCP jackpot is won, i.e., $100/$2000=0.05=5%.
The above SCP example may be modified to implement an SCP seed,
which is credited to the SCP jackpot meter from a source other than
the qualifying wagers. For example, at the start of the SCP, the
SCP jackpot meter may be credited with $50 by the SCP jackpot
operator. Thus, even in the unlikely event that the first wager
made triggers the SCP jackpot win condition, the winner will at
least receive the $50 seed amount in addition to the portion of the
winning wager which was the winning SCP jackpot contribution. Such
an implementation does not change the odds of winning per
qualifying unit wager or the monetary contribution of each
qualifying unit wager, but does alter the average SCP jackpot and,
consequently has an impact on overall RTP. For example, the average
SCP jackpot in this example would be $100 (average total funding
from qualifying wagers per cycle)+$50 (SCP seed amount per
cycle)=$150. Thus, the resulting overall RTP would be
$150/$2000=0.075=7.5%.
An implementation of an MCP may share several high-level
similarities with an implementation of an SCP, but may also exhibit
significant differences, both of which may be observed in the
following example implementation of an MCP, in which wagering in
both British pounds (.English Pound.) and European Union (EU) euros
() is supported. In this example, it is assumed that the relevant
exchange rate for British .English Pound. to EU is 1 to 1.25.
FIG. 1 provides a high-level flow diagram of various aspects of
such an implementation. After the start of the implementation
(102), a primary currency is selected (104)--in this example, the
primary currency is British .English Pound.. A secondary currency,
or currencies, is also selected (106)--in this case, there is only
one secondary currency, EU .
A qualifying unit wager for the primary currency may be selected
(108), as well as a qualifying unit wager for the secondary
currency (110). In this example, the qualifying unit wager for the
primary currency has been selected to be .English Pound.1, and the
qualifying unit wager for the secondary currency has been selected
to be 1. In addition, various parameters (118) governing the
primary currency MCP jackpot odds and payout may be selected. For
example, a desired odds of winning the MCP jackpot may be selected
(112), a target MCP jackpot amount in the primary currency may be
selected (114), and the portion of each primary currency unit wager
to be contributed to the MCP jackpot may be selected (116). In some
implementations, some of these parameters may be derived from other
parameters. For example, an operator may specify that 5% of each
British .English Pound. wager is used to fund the MCP jackpot and
that the odds of winning the jackpot will be 1 in 1000 for a wager
of .English Pound.1. Accordingly, the British .English Pound. MCP
jackpot amount in this implementation will be 1000.English
Pound.15%=.English Pound.50. The jackpot amount referred to in this
paragraph is the jackpot amount derived from wagering
contributions; as discussed previously, the actual jackpot amount
may be boosted by other contributions, such as a seed amount.
As noted above, for an MCP, it may be desirable to have the odds
for qualifying unit wagers be the same, regardless of currency. It
may also be desirable to have such odds tied to the absolute
monetary value of the wager contributions. If one takes into
account these principles and applies them to the EU wagers for the
MCP, the following may be observed. First, in order for a given EU
wager to have the same odds of winning the MCP jackpot as a
.English Pound.1 British wager, the EU wager must contribute an
amount with the same absolute monetary value as the 5 pence which
is contributed by the .English Pound.1 British wager (122). Before
this amount may be determined, the relevant exchange rate must be
obtained and applied to the amount contributed by each qualifying
unit wager of the primary currency (120).
The following paragraphs will refrain from referencing FIG. 1, as
the following material is not part of the technique shown in FIG.
1, but is presented to provide context for the discussion which
follows. Reference to FIG. 1 will resume when this discussion
concludes.
One way that the goals outlined in paragraph [0070] may be
accomplished is by funding the MCP jackpot using the same
percentage from each EU wager as is taken from each British wager
(referred to herein as the "fixed percentage approach"). In this
case, the amount of EU which is equivalent to 5 pence in absolute
monetary terms at the exchange rate for this example (.English
Pound.1: 1.25) is 6.25 eurocents. If the EU wager contribution is
to be 6.25 eurocents, and the EU wager contribution is also to be
5% of each EU wager, then the EU wager amount will need to be 6.25
eurocents/5%=0.0625/0.05=1.25. The benefit of this is that the
wager-derived RTPs for the currencies are the same for a given MCP
jackpot.
However, the fixed percentage approach presents several problems.
First, exchange rates change over time, and the fixed percentage
approach would require that the wagering amounts in the EU would
need to change over time to match the fluctuations in the exchange
rate. This presents the EU player with varying wagering
amounts--such variability is highly undesirable to wager gaming
players and may not be compliant with regulatory requirements in
most jurisdictions. Second, gaming machines are often configured to
offer round-number wagering options, such as 1, 2, and 3. A 1.25
wagering option in a game would likely look odd to a player, and
the player would be less likely play.
Reference is again made to FIG. 1, which may be further described
in the following paragraphs.
An alternative to using the same percentage of each wager in either
currency is to allow for wagers in either currency to be set to
amounts which are tailored to be more acceptable to players using
either currency (referred to herein as the "desired wager amount
approach"). For example, it is common to have gaming machines
configured to accept wagers of $1, 1, .English Pound.1, etc. In the
example implementation, this may result in British wagers of
.English Pound.1 and EU wagers of 1 being permitted. However, in
order to ensure that each British .English Pound.1 wager and each
EU 1 wager have the same odds of winning the MCP jackpot, the
percentage of each EU wager which is used to fund the MCP may be
different from the percentage of each British wager which is used
to fund the MCP. For example, if 5 pence of each .English Pound.1
wager is used to fund the MCP jackpot, 6.25% of each EU wager,
i.e., 6.25 eurocents, would need to be used to fund the MCP jackpot
as well.
While the wagering amounts in the fixed percentage approach for at
least one of the currencies will need to fluctuate when the
reference exchange rate changes, the desired wager amount approach
requires no such variation. However, unlike the fixed percentage
approach, the desired wager amount approach does result in
differences in RTP between the two currencies, specifically with
respect to the RTP percentage attributable to wagering
contributions. For example, the average amount of British .English
Pound. which would need to be wagered to win the MCP jackpot in
this case would be 1000.English Pound.1=.English Pound.1000. Since
the MCP jackpot amount would be 10005%.English Pound.1=.English
Pound.50, the wager-derived RTP percentage would be .English
Pound.50/.English Pound.1000, or 5%. The same analysis from the
perspective of the EU side results in an MCP jackpot of
10006.25%1=62.50, which is the equivalent in absolute monetary
terms as .English Pound.50. However, the amount of EU which would
be wagered over 1000 wagers would be 1000, and the wager-derived
RTP percentage for EU wagers would be 6.25%.
While it may be technically acceptable to provide an MCP using
different RTPs for each currency, some operators wish to avoid
significant changes in RTP since too high an RTP reduces or even
eliminate the expected casino profit and too low an RTP can lead to
such unsatisfying play experiences that some players will decide to
never play that game again. Also, such MCPs whose average RTP
changes over time may run afoul of national or regional wagering
regulations and/or cause the activation of regulatory reporting
procedures that a casino would prefer to avoid. A hyper-compliant
approach to such regulations may involve ensuring that the
long-term expected RTP percentage with respect to wagering
contributions be the same between all currencies involved in the
MCP. In some implementations, however, different RTPs across
currencies may be acceptable, and the MCP jackpots implemented with
different overall RTPs.
In the example thus far, there is no mechanism which allows each
currency be set to desired levels as in the desired wager amount
approach and contribute the same absolute monetary amounts to the
MCP jackpot without having different overall RTP percentages for
each currency, except in trivial cases, such as where the desired
wager levels are set to amounts which are equivalent in absolute
monetary terms or where the exchange rate is 1:1 between
currencies.
The present inventor has discovered a method of remedying this
issue through the use of one or more currency-specific seed amounts
for the MCP jackpot (referred to herein as the "seeded approach").
This allows for an overall RTP to be set (124) which is not
completely dependent on the wager-derived RTP; the overall RTP may
be established before, or in conjunction with, the wager-derived
RTP is set. For example, a different seed amount may be used for
each currency, which allows fluctuations in the wager-derived RTP
to be accounted for in each currency. The wager-derived RTP plus
the seed RTP sum to produce the overall RTP.
To illustrate, the wager-based RTP for each currency (126, 128) for
the MCP jackpot may be calculated as outlined above for a given MCP
jackpot cycle. For example, if the wager-derived RTP for British
.English Pound. is calculated to be 5%, the wager-derived RTP for
EU is calculated to be 6.25%, and the overall RTP is set to 9%, the
seed RTP would be 9%-5%=4% for British .English Pound. and
9%-6.25%=2.75% for EU (130). It may, however, only be necessary to
repeatedly calculate the wager-based RTP for the secondary currency
or currencies, as the wager-based RTP for the primary currency may
remain static across all of the MCP jackpot cycles for that
MCP.
In the implementation discussed above, for example, the British MCP
jackpot may be funded using a .English Pound.40 seed amount, and
the Euro MCP jackpot may be funded using a 27.50 seed amount. This
results in the average British MCP winner receiving .English
Pound.50 (portion of MCP funded by wagering contributions from
either currency)+.English Pound.40 (portion of MCP funded by
British seed amount)=.English Pound.90, which equals a 9% overall
RTP percentage. Similarly, this results in the average EU MCP
winner receiving 62.50 (portion of MCP funded by wagering
contributions from either currency)+27.50 (portion of MCP funded by
EU seed amount)=90, which also equals a 9% overall RTP percentage.
Thus, the average overall RTP percentage for either EU or British
players for each MCP jackpot is the same, the wagering amounts for
each qualifying wager may be set as in the desired wager amount
approach, and the odds of winning the MCP may be the same between
the two currencies.
The present inventor has, however, realized a potential issue with
the seeded approach. As shown in the example above, the particular
seed amounts used are dependent on the exchange rates used to
configure an MCP jackpot. Furthermore, because seed amounts are
typically added during initialization for a given meter, the seed
amount is usually the first thing a player sees on the meter after
an MCP jackpot is won. Players may react adversely if the initial
seed amount shown on the meter is different than expected. For
example, seed values are typically selected to be round numbers,
and players may come to expect such numbers to be shown on
progressive jackpot meters when the meters are re-initialized
following a progressive jackpot win. Furthermore, players who pay a
particular progressive often grow used to seeing the same starting
value for the progressive jackpot meter. A non-round seed value
which fluctuates from MCP cycle to MCP cycle may cause many players
to avoid playing the wagering games funding the MCP, especially if
the new seed value is lower than the previous seed value.
There are several reasons for such negative player reactions. For
example, some players have an expectancy that their wager
contributions have "earned" the seed amount for the MCP. If the
seed amount decreases from one MCP jackpot cycle to another in
reaction to an exchange rate change, a player may feel that they
are receiving less of their wager back than they should, i.e., not
all of the portion of their wager which was to be applied to the
MCP jackpot was actually applied to the MCP jackpot. In another
example, players may simply be confused about a change in jackpot
seed value, and be unnerved by it because they simply do not
understand why it happened. Other players may incorrectly interpret
shifting or oddly-valued seed amounts as an indication that
equipment is not functioning correctly or is being manipulated by
the gaming operator, even though this is not actually the case.
Finally, some players may realize perfectly well that the shifting
or oddly-valued seed amounts are the result of adjustments made due
to currency fluctuations. Such players, however, may take umbrage
at the fact that it is their currency which was adjusted rather
than the other currency or currencies being adjusted relative to
their currency, i.e., that their currency is viewed as "following"
the other currency and is classified as the secondary currency in
the MCP system. This feeling may be somewhat analogous to the
resentment which people may feel towards having their national
currency always being compared to a reserve currency.
The present inventor has also developed a solution which addresses
such potential negative player perceptions. To avoid odd-valued or
shifting initial seed amounts, only a portion of the seed amount
for a currency may initially be transferred to the meter for the
currency (132). The initial portion transferred may be selected to
avoid odd values, and may be set to the same amount for each MCP
cycle. Because players are only shown the meter amount, the players
may always presented with a consistent and reassuringly "normal"
seed value at the start of each MCP jackpot.
The remaining portion of the seed amount is held in escrow (134)
and may then be transferred to the MCP jackpot over time (136). The
escrowed amount may, for example, be held in memory, e.g.,
non-volatile memory, or a separate meter and may not be displayed
to players. As the escrowed amount is transferred over to the
corresponding currency meter over time, the players may indirectly
become aware of the funds in the escrowed amount since the meter
will grow, but it will be difficult for players to differentiate
meter increases due to such transfers from meter increases due to
player wager contributions. Such transfers may be referred to as
"delayed seeding," and may be implemented in a variety of different
ways.
In one implementation, delayed seeding may be implemented using a
time-based rate, such as, for example, 0.12/min. The rate chosen
may be selected based on past game play, such as the rate of play
for the last MCP cycle. For example, if the previous MCP cycle
lasted 4.5 hours and the escrowed amount is initially 5.65, the
escrowed amount may be transferred over to the EU meter at a rate
of 5.65/4.5 hours=1.26/hour=0.02/min. In some implementations, such
a rate may be calculated by padding the rate to result in the
complete transfer of the escrowed amount occurring earlier. For
example, if the previous MCP cycle lasted 4.5 hours, the rate may
be calculated assuming that the previous MCP cycle actually
finished 1 hour earlier, i.e., the rate may be 5.65/3.5
hours=1.61/hour=0.03/min.
In another implementation, the rate may be selected based on past
game play over the past hour, day, or week. In other
implementations, the rate may be selected based on past historical
game play for the time of day, day of the week, or week of the
year. Other implementations may calculate the rate based on a
moving average of such data for previous time periods. Various
other factors may be used to establish the rate as well, depending
on the desire of the operator.
In some implementations, the rate of transfer may vary over time to
account for natural variations in meter growth. For example, during
off-peak hours, a meter may grow much more slowly than it does
during peak hours due to decreased wagering activity. Players who
are still wagering may become discouraged by the slow growth of the
meter. To prevent such negative player perception, the escrowed
amount may be transferred at a higher rate during off-peak hours
and transferred at a lower rate during peak hours. In another
implementation, an MCP system may be configured to vary the rate of
transfer in response to actual meter growth, i.e., instead of
relying on forecasts of meter growth during certain time periods,
the MCP system may instead simply monitor the meters directly and
increase or decrease the transfer in direct response to actual
meter activity.
In another implementation, delayed seeding may be implemented on a
try-by-try basis. A try is when a player initiates play of a game
that could possibly award an MCP jackpot, e.g., a player who places
a qualifying wager in an MCP-enabled wagering game would be
considered to have initiated a "try." In such an implementation,
each time a player makes a qualifying wager, the portion of the
wager used to fund the MCP jackpot is transferred to the meter
along with a portion of the escrowed amount. The amount transferred
from the escrowed amount with each qualifying wager may be
calculated in a variety of different ways. For example, one
implementation may involve taking the initial escrowed amount and
multiplying it by odds of winning the MCP jackpot. For example, if
the escrowed amount is 5.00 and the odds of winning the MCP jackpot
are 1 in 500, the amount of the escrowed portion transferred with
each wager may be 5.00 1/500=5.000.002=0.01.
In another implementation, the rate of transfer may be set to a
function of the seed amount still in escrow. For example, the
amount of funds which are transferred per try in a try-by-try
implementation might be determined according to the equation
N=maximum (0.01, floor (0.50%.sub.escrow, 0.01)). Such an
implementation would transfer 0.50% of the seed amount, rounded
down to the nearest 0.01, still in escrow for each try, although at
least 0.01 would be transferred for each try. Such an
implementation results in an escrow depletion curve which is
initially non-linear and which becomes linear when the depletion
rate hits 0.01 per try.
Some or all of the secondary currency MCP jackpots in a particular
MCP may be configured to utilize delayed seeding. In some
implementations, the primary currency MCP jackpot may also be
configured to utilize delayed seeding as well. In other
implementations, the entire primary currency seed amount may be
used to initialize the primary currency meter and none of the
primary currency seed amount may be placed into escrow.
One side effect of using delayed seeding is that it may be possible
for a player using a particular MCP currency to win the MCP jackpot
in that currency before the escrowed amount associated with the
meter for that currency has been completely transferred to that
currency meter. The most extreme case would be when a player wins
the MCP at the earliest opportunity after the MCP is initialized or
re-initialized. In such a case, all, or nearly all, of the escrowed
amount may still be in escrow and little, if any, would have been
transferred to the meter. Various implementations may address this
situation in various ways. In one implementation, the remaining
escrowed amount is transferred over to the meter as a lump sum, or
is added directly to the player's account without being transferred
to the meter. In either case, the player receives the remaining
amount in escrow. In another implementation which may be
implemented in some gaming jurisdictions depending on the relevant
applicable gaming regulations, the remaining escrowed amount may be
carried forward to the next MCP cycle and added to the usual
delayed seed amount. If the escrow transfer rate is typically
calculated under conditions which target complete exhaustion of the
escrowed amount at approximately the same time as average MCP
jackpot is won, the carried-forward amount may later be cancelled
out by a player who wins the MCP jackpot later than expected.
In some alternate implementations in accordance with some gaming
jurisdiction regulations, the remaining escrowed amount may be
transferred to the seed amount for the next MCP jackpot cycle. In
some scenarios, the remaining escrowed amount may be used to fund
the seed amount, although the seed amount remains unchanged. For
example, if the seed amount for the current MCP jackpot cycle is
9.70, and the remaining escrowed amount from the previous MCP
jackpot cycle is 9.63, then the system in this variation would add
0.07 to the remaining value of 9.63 to yield a seed amount of 9.70
for the next jackpot cycle. Some jurisdictions may treat this as
the equivalent of crediting the remaining escrowed amount back to
the operator since it reduces the amount of new funding which the
operator would need to contribute to fund the seed amount for the
current MCP jackpot cycle.
In some other scenarios, the remaining escrowed amount may be added
to the seed amount for the next jackpot cycle, effectively
increasing the seed amount (and resulting RTP) for that jackpot
cycle. For example, if the seed amount is 9.70, and the remaining
escrowed amount for the previous MCP jackpot cycle is 9.63, then
the system in this variation may add 9.63 to the to the seed amount
of 9.70 to yield a total value of 19.33 for the current MCP jackpot
cycle.
In either case, a portion of the seed amount may be initially
transferred to the credit meter as outlined above, and the
remaining portion of the seed amount held in escrow. In some
implementations, the remaining escrowed amount may simply stay in
the escrow and the remaining portion of the seed amount may augment
it.
In situations where the seed amount for an MCP jackpot cycle is
actually increased due to carryover of a remaining escrowed amount,
the delayed seeding technique used may be modified to account for
the increased escrow size. For example, the delayed seeding
transfer rate may be increased such that, assuming that the MCP
jackpot cycle is an average-length cycle, the increased seed amount
will be completely transferred by the same point in time as the
non-increased seed amount would have been transferred absent the
remaining escrowed amount. The rate may be modified by either
increasing the amount of currency in each transfer or by increasing
the frequency of transfers. In other implementations, the rate of
funding remains unchanged but occurs over a greater period of
time.
In yet another implementation, which may be implemented in accord
with gaming regulations in some gaming jurisdictions, the remaining
escrowed amount may be credited back to the gaming operator. While
some jurisdictions may not allow such back-crediting to occur,
other jurisdictions may allow it since, technically, the delayed
seed amount is not funded directly from player wagers, but is
instead offered up by, for example, a gaming operator as a
marketing expense.
Another side effect of using delayed seeding is that it may be
possible for the escrowed amount associated with the meter for a
particular currency to be completely transferred to that meter
before the MCP jackpot is won during an MCP cycle. Various
implementations may address this situation in various ways.
In one implementation, when the escrowed portion for a currency in
an MCP cycle is exhausted, all further delayed seeding for that
currency ends for that cycle. The meter for that currency, however,
continues to be increased based on contributions received from
qualifying wagers. In a try-by-try implementation such as that
discussed above, i.e., a 5.65 delayed seed/escrowed amount and odds
of winning the MCP jackpot of 1 in 500, the contributions from the
first 500 wagers may be matched by 500 corresponding 0.01 escrowed
amount transfers. After the 500.sup.th wager, there may be no
further transfers from the escrowed amount (which is now zero).
Some jurisdictions may treat try-by-try transfers as a form of
wager, however, which may limit the gaming operator's ability to
cease such transfers mid-cycle.
In another implementation, the seed amount continues to be
augmented by further transfers even after the escrowed amount is
exhausted. In such implementations, the gaming operator may need to
provide additional funds to cover the extra transfers.
It is to be understood that the currency meters discussed herein
may indicate meter values which represent, for each currency meter,
a combination of two different amounts. For every currency meter,
one portion of the amount indicated will be the absolute monetary
equivalent of the total wager contributions received from all
participating wagers in the current MCP jackpot cycle. This amount
is the same, in absolute monetary terms, across all of the currency
meters. Each currency meter for an MCP jackpot will also, in
addition to the wager-derived amount, include the seed amount for
the corresponding currency which has been transferred to the
currency meter. The seed amounts between currency meters may have
different absolute monetary values, and the overall amounts
indicated by the currency meters may therefore differ in absolute
monetary terms despite including the same absolute monetary amounts
due to wager contributions. It is to be further understood that all
of the currencies participating in a given MCP jackpot cycle are
eligible to win the MCP jackpot, and that the win of the MCP
jackpot by any one currency resets the MCP jackpot for all of the
participating currencies.
An MCP may also be implemented to allow for different bet levels
within one or more of the currencies it supports. One such MCP
implementation is provided in the following example implementation
of an MCP (hereinafter "multi-level MCP"), in which wagering in
both British pounds (.English Pound.) and European Union (EU) euros
() is supported. In the multi-level MCP example, it is again
assumed that the relevant exchange rate for British .English Pound.
to EU is 1 to 1.25. In the multi-level MCP example, wagering
machines allowing wagering in EU may support wagers of 1, 2, and 3,
although only 2 and 3 wagers may be qualifying wagers. For the
purposes of the multi-level MCP example, wagering games allowing
wagering in British .English Pound. may only support qualifying
wagers of .English Pound.1.
In the multi-level MCP example, the MCP may have odds of winning of
1 in 1000 qualifying unit wagers. It is possible to set each
qualifying unit wager for each currency independently. For example,
the qualifying unit wager for British .English Pound. may be
.English Pound.1, whereas the qualifying unit wager for EU may be
2. The MCP may be further implemented such that 5% of each British
.English Pound. wager is used to fund the MCP jackpot. Thus, 5
pence of each .English Pound.1 British wager will be used to fund
the MCP jackpot.
For an MCP, it may be desirable to have the odds for qualifying
unit wagers in all currencies be the same. It may also be desirable
to have such odds tied to the absolute monetary value of the wager
contribution of each qualifying unit wager. If one takes into
account these principles and applies them to the EU wagers for the
MCP in the multi-level MCP example, the following may be
observed.
First, in order for a given EU qualifying unit wager in the
multi-level MCP example to have the same odds of winning the MCP
jackpot as a British qualifying unit wager, the EU qualifying unit
wager must contribute an amount with the same absolute monetary
value as the 5 pence which is contributed by the .English Pound.1
British qualifying unit wager, i.e., under the exchange rate above,
6.25 eurocents of each qualifying unit wager in EU would need to be
used to fund the MCP jackpot. Each EU qualifying unit wager of 2
would thus need to contribute 6.25 eurocents to the MCP. Since a 3
EU qualifying wager is 1.5 times as large as the 2 qualifying unit
wager, the 3 EU wager would contribute 9.375 eurocents per wager,
and would have a corresponding 50% higher chance of winning the MCP
jackpot than either a 2 EU wager or a .English Pound.1 British
wager.
Second, the RTP for the multi-level MCP example is calculated in
much the same way as in other, non-multi-level MCP implementations.
In this example, an MCP jackpot is expected to be won, on average,
once for every 1000 qualifying unit wagers made. For the British
.English Pound. MCP jackpot, this results in a wager-based RTP of
.English Pound.50/(.English Pound.11000)=0.05=5%. For the EU MCP
jackpot, this results in a wager-based RTP of
62.50/(21000)=0.03125=3.125%.
Additionally, a seed amount or seed RTP is selected for one of the
currencies, in this case, British .English Pound.. For example, a
seed amount of .English Pound.40 may be selected. For the British
.English Pound. MCP jackpot, the overall RTP is then equal to the
average jackpot award, i.e., .English Pound.50 (wagering
contributions)+.English Pound.40 (seed amount)=.English Pound.90,
divided by the average total wagers in British .English Pound.
needed to win the MCP jackpot, i.e., .English Pound.1000, which
results in an overall RTP of 9%.
Finally the seed amount for the remaining currency, e.g., EU , may
be selected to result in an overall RTP for the remaining currency
which is equal to the overall RTP for the primary currency, e.g.,
British .English Pound.. For example, if the overall RTP of the
British .English Pound. MCP jackpot is 9%, and the wager-based RTP
for the EU MCP jackpot is 3.125%, then the seed RTP for the EU MCP
jackpot will need to be 9%-3.125%=5.875%, which results in a seed
amount of 5.785%2000=0.058752000=117.50.
As discussed above, a portion of the EU seed amount may be
transferred to the EU meter, and the remaining portion of the EU
seed amount may be placed into escrow and gradually added to the EU
meter over time via delayed seeding, such as is described earlier
in this paper. In some implementations which utilize the try-by-try
delayed seeding approach, the amounts which are transferred from
escrow for each try may be adjusted to match the bet level of the
try. For example, if the escrowed amount is 77.50 and the odds per
qualifying unit wager are 1 in 1000, the amount transferred per
qualifying unit wager, e.g., 2 in this case, would be
77.50/1000=0.0775. However, if a player made a wager other than the
qualifying unit wager, the amount transferred would be multiplied
by the amount of the wager made divided by the qualifying unit
wager, e.g., 3/2=1.5. Thus, for a 3 wager/try in the present
example, 0.11625 would be transferred to the EU meter.
When an MCP jackpot is won, i.e., a qualifying wager triggers the
MCP jackpot win condition (138), all of the meters for all of the
participating currencies are reset and re-initialized, assuming
that further MCPs are to be conducted using that MCP implementation
(140). The winner is paid at least the jackpot amount shown, prior
to reset, on the meter for the currency which was used to place the
winning wager. In some MCP implementations there may be one or more
additional escrows associated with a given meter which may used for
purposes other than accommodating multiple currencies, such as
increasing meter activity during off-peak hours, and/or improving
visible meter behavior in distributed systems. In many
jurisdictions, the value in these additional escrows may be added
to the value shown by the jackpot meter, increasing the player's
final award. In some implementations, an award amount to be paid to
a player may be transferred to the player over an established
period of time, such as in yearly payments for a specified number
of years. In such implementations, the player may request a
lump-sum monetary equivalent of this payment stream be paid in lieu
of the payment stream itself. In some implementations, the player
may request that the jackpot be paid out in another currency, but
if this is done, the amount paid out will have an absolute monetary
value equivalent to the jackpot amount shown on the meter for the
currency which was used to place the winning wager. If no further
MCP jackpots are to be offered in that MCP implementation, the
implementation ends (142).
FIG. 2 shows a conceptual diagram showing several potential,
high-level states for one implementation of a two-currency (British
.English Pound. and EU ) MCP jackpot over one jackpot cycle. To aid
in understanding, monetary amounts (meter seed amount, escrow seed
amount, and wager contributions) are shown in terms of rectangles
in which the size of each rectangle represents the relative size of
the absolute monetary value of the amounts. At 202, the MCP jackpot
cycle begins, and both the British and EU MCP jackpots have been
assigned seed amounts. For the British MCP jackpot, a portion of
the seed amount 212 has been transferred to meter 210, and the
remainder of the seed amount 214 has been placed into escrow. For
the EU MCP jackpot, the entire seed amount 222 has been transferred
to meter 220, and none of the seed amount has been placed into
escrow. Initially, the British meter has a lower absolute monetary
value than the EU meter.
At 204, a number of wager contributions have been received, and
both meter 210 and meter 220 now reflect the same amount of overall
wager contributions 216. Seed amount 222 remains the same as it was
at the start of the cycle, although seed amount 212 has grown due
to transfers of portions of remainder 214 from escrow. Remainder
214 has, likewise, shrunk by a corresponding amount due to the
transfers.
At 206, a winner has won the jackpot and, depending on which
currency the winner was using, the amount shown in the appropriate
currency meter will be paid to the winner. 206 represents the end
of the jackpot cycle. Again, both meter 210 and meter 220 reflect
the same overall wager contributions 216. As with 202 and 204, seed
amount 222 in meter 220 remains unchanged, although the entire
remainder 214 has been transferred from escrow to seed amount 212
in meter 210. Thus, at the end of this example jackpot cycle, the
absolute monetary value of the British .English Pound. jackpot is
greater than the absolute monetary value of the EU jackpot. This
is, of course, only one example, and other implementations of an
MCP may exhibit different behavior depending on the parameters
chosen and the exchange rates used.
In practice, the seed amounts for each MCP jackpot cycle may be
calculated anew at the start, or before the start, of each MCP
jackpot cycle. Such recalculation allows for the seed amounts to be
adjusted taking into account currency exchange variations.
For example, consider a three-currency MCP in which US $, British
.English Pound., and EU are supported. For the purposes of this
example (hereinafter "three-currency example"), the absolute
monetary value of each currency is calculated with respect to the
US $, although other implementations may involve calculating
absolute monetary values with respect to one of the other two
currencies, or with respect to a another currency not in the
example. A total of three MCP jackpot cycles are discussed,
although similar procedures may be followed for as many follow-on
MCP jackpot cycles as are desired.
In the three-currency example, the MCP may be implemented to have
average odds of winning of 1 in 1000 qualifying unit wagers. The
qualifying wager for each currency may be one unit currency amount,
i.e., $1, .English Pound.1, or 1. In the first MCP jackpot cycle,
the relevant exchange rates may be $1: .English Pound.0.50: 0.75.
In this example implementation, US $ are treated as the baseline or
primary currency, and the wager contribution from US $ wagers may
be defined to be 5%, although this contribution could be expressed
differently, such as simply a monetary amount. The British .English
Pound. and EU are, in this implementation, treated as the secondary
currencies. In this implementation, the portions of the wagers in
all three currencies which are contributed to the MCP jackpot are
configured to have the same absolute monetary value. Thus, wagers
of $1, .English Pound.1, or 1 will result in $0.05, .English
Pound.0.025, or 0.0375 contributions to the first MCP jackpot,
respectively. The wager-derived RTPs for US $, British .English
Pound., or EU are 5%, 2.5%, and 3.75%, respectively. A seed amount
of $40 may be selected for the US $ MCP jackpot, which yields a
seed RTP for the US $ MCP jackpot of 4% and an overall RTP for the
US $ MCP jackpot of 5%+4%=9%. Such a seed amount may be selected to
allow for the vast majority of potential exchange rate
combinations, i.e., the overall RTP values for all of the
participating currencies may be kept equal over a selected range of
different potential exchange rates and/or selected so as to
maintain or increase player interest in the MCP. The US $ seed
amount may be kept constant from cycle to cycle. Accordingly, for
the first MCP jackpot cycle, the seed RTPs for British .English
Pound. and EU are 9%-2.5%=6.5% and 9%-3.75%=5.25%, respectively,
and the corresponding seed amounts are .English Pound.65 and 52.50,
respectively. In this example implementation, the entire $40 seed
amount may be used to initialize the US $ meter, although only
.English Pound.40 and 40 of the .English Pound.65 and 52.50 seed
amounts may be used to initialize the British .English Pound. and
EU meters, respectively. The remaining .English Pound.25 and 12.50
seed amounts may be placed into escrows associated with the British
.English Pound. and EU meters, respectively, and transferred to
those meters over time via a delayed seeding mechanism.
In the second MCP jackpot cycle, the relevant exchange rates have
changed to $1:.English Pound.0.40: 0.65. Thus, wagers of $1,
.English Pound.1, and 1 will result in $0.05, .English Pound.0.02,
and 0.0325 contributions to the second cycle MCP jackpot,
respectively. The wager-derived RTPs for US $, British .English
Pound., and EU are 5%, 2%, and 3.25%, respectively. Thus, the seed
RTPs for US $, British .English Pound., and EU are 4%, 7%, and
5.75%, respectively, and the seed amounts are $40, .English
Pound.70, and 57.50, respectively. The same initial meter amounts
as used for the first MCP jackpot cycle, i.e., $40, .English
Pound.40, and 40, may be used again to initialize the three
different currency meters, which provides players with a consistent
and reassuring initial meter value in every currency. Due to the
change in seed amount for British .English Pound. and EU , .English
Pound.30 and 7.50 may be transferred into escrows associated with
the corresponding meters for those currencies and transferred to
those meters over time via a delayed seeding mechanism.
In the third MCP jackpot cycle, the relevant exchange rates have
changed to $1:.English Pound.0.60: 0.80. Thus, wagers of $1,
.English Pound.1, and 1 will result in $0.05, .English Pound.0.03,
and 0.04 contributions to the third cycle MCP jackpot,
respectively. The wager-derived RTPs for US $, British .English
Pound., and EU are 5%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. Thus, the seed
RTPs for US $, British .English Pound., and EU are 4%, 6%, and 5%,
respectively, and the seed amounts are $40, .English Pound.60, and
50, respectively. The same initial meter amounts as used for the
first and second MCP jackpot cycles, i.e., $40, .English Pound.40,
and 40, may be used once again to initialize the three different
currency meters, which again provides players with a consistent and
reassuring initial meter value in every currency. Due to the change
in seed amount for British .English Pound. and EU , .English
Pound.20 and 10 may be transferred into escrows associated with the
corresponding meters for those currencies and transferred to those
meters over time via a delayed seeding mechanism.
While the three-currency example features a fixed seed amount of
$40 for the US $ MCP jackpot which is initially credited in its
entirety to the US $ meter, other implementations may feature, for
example, a zero seed amount for one of the currencies used in the
MCP jackpot. In yet other MCP implementations, there may be seed
amounts for all currencies participating in an MCP jackpot, and for
each and every such seed amount, a portion of the seed amount may
be transferred to the meter for that seed amount's currency. In the
context of the three-currency example discussed above, for example,
only $20 of the $40 US $ seed amount may be transferred to the US $
meter initially, and the remaining $20 may be transferred over time
via delayed seeding.
Implementations of the MCP system may be automated so that, for
each MCP jackpot cycle, the seed amounts are automatically
recalculated without further operator input or interaction using
the most relevant currency exchange rates for the given MCP cycle.
The MCP system may obtain such rates, for example, from a server
which tracks international exchange rates. The MCP system may
modify those rates, if desired, in accord with gaming
operator-formulated rules. For example, exchange rates often
reflect a built-in transaction fee. A gaming operator who deals
with large transactions may, however, be able to negotiate a lower
transaction fee with an exchange dealer, and may therefore wish to
incorporate additional rules to govern such modifications to
publicly-reported exchange rates. The MCP system may also be
configured to select the appropriate exchange rate data with
respect to the time at which an MCP jackpot is configured. For
example, the operator may use the exchange rate in effect at the
start of a month for any MCP jackpot which is configured within
that month. An alternative implementation of the MCP system may
utilize the instantaneous Interbank rate for the day on which an
MCP jackpot is configured. Yet another implementation may change
the exchange rate only on a quarterly or yearly basis. Yet other
implementations may only change the exchange rate used in
configuring an MCP jackpot if market exchange rates change by more
than a predetermined percentage, such as 5% or 10%, with respect to
the exchange rate currently used to configure MCP jackpots, or with
respect to market rates over a predetermined period of time, such
as over a week.
Implementations of the MCP system which are automated may require
certain parameters to be established in order to ensure that
automated handling of MCP jackpots is performed correctly. For
example, with respect to all jackpots for a particular MCP, the
system may require that an initial meter amount be specified for a
given currency meter of the MCP jackpots, e.g., 20 may be specified
as the initial meter amount for the EU meter. Another example may,
for example, be rules which govern which exchange rate is to be
used, as outlined above.
With respect to any particular jackpot in an MCP, a number of other
variables may be required. For example, the currency exchange rate
may be required and may, for example, be supplied by a server which
monitors global financial databases for currency exchange
information. In some implementations, there may be funds which are
carried over from a previous jackpot and into the current
jackpot--for example, if there is seed amount still in escrow when
an MCP jackpot is won, the remaining seed amount in escrow may be
transferred to the seed amount for the following MCP jackpot. Data
indicating such funds may be required to help determine the amount
of additional funds, if any, that will need to be transferred to
the seed amount to augment the carryover and reach the desired seed
amount. A secondary currency feed rate for delayed seeding may also
need to be specified so that the MCP system may transfer an
escrowed seed amount to the appropriate meter at a rate which is
compatible with the average MCP jackpot win interval. In some
implementations, a different secondary feed rate may be specified
for each secondary currency. An overall RTP target, or information
which allows calculation of an overall RTP target, such as a
primary currency RTP and seed RTP, may be required.
Additional parameters may need to be specified to cover situations
in which an "out-of-bounds conversion" occurs. Out-of-bounds
conversion may occur when an MCP jackpot RTP for a given currency
exceeds the target jackpot RTP even if none of the seed amount for
that currency is placed into escrow, i.e., the entire seed amount
is initially placed in the currency meter. Such scenarios may
largely be avoided through careful selection of the overall RTP
with respect to the wagering amounts and expected contributions
from each currency to the MCP jackpot, but large-scale, unexpected
exchange rate fluctuations may invalidate the assumptions made in
establishing the MCP parameters, which may require that an
out-of-bounds conversion process be implemented.
For example, one method of dealing with an out-of-bounds conversion
is to simply allow the average overall RTP to exceed the target
overall RTP. This may result in the gaming operator having to
contribute additional funds/reap less profit, but such treatment is
unlikely to concern many regulatory agencies, as the players will
end up benefiting from such an increase.
In another example, the initial seed amount used to initialize the
meter for a given currency may be changed. This may be detected by
players, and may cause some puzzlement on their behalf. For
example, if the initial seed amount shown on an EU meter is
typically 3.50, but the calculated EU seed amount is 3.38, the
initial seed amount may be adjusted downwards to 3.00, which allows
0.38 to be placed into escrow. The players, however, may notice
that the initial seed amount on the currency meter has dropped by
0.50.
In another implementation of out-of-bounds conversion, the initial
seed amount used to initialize the meter may simply be the current
seed amount. For example, instead of reducing the initial seed
amount by "round" or "normal" values, such as 0.50 or 1, the
initial seed amount may simply be reduced until it equals the
calculated total seed amount. In the example where the calculated
total seed amount is 3.38, the initial seed amount of 3.50 would be
reduced by 0.12.
A further implementation for handling out-of-bounds conversion may
involve a reverse escrow in which the initial seed amount shown on
the meter is kept at the usual value, but portions of each wager
contribution are redirected from the meter to the escrow or the
operator until the overall RTP is at the desired level.
Finally, a gaming operator may also specify that an MCP jackpot for
a currency which is generating an "out-of-bounds" condition be
disqualified from participating in the MCP until the exchange rates
have shifted sufficiently to stop causing the out-of-bounds
condition.
Implementations of an MCP system may also be configured to evaluate
and respond to fluctuations in currency rates while an MCP jackpot
cycle is in progress. For example, if an operator wishes to utilize
the exchange rate at the start of each calendar month, and a
particular MCP jackpot cycle crosses from one month to the next,
the currency exchange rate change could be taken into consideration
by the system. For example, assume that the Euro equivalent of a
.English Pound.0.0800 British wager contribution increases from
0.08920 to 0.09668. An MCP system may be configured to increase the
portion of each EU wager from 0.08920 to 0.09668 for every
subsequent GBP bet.
Some implementations of an MCP system may be configured to adjust
subsequent rates in order to make the total growth in the secondary
currency MCP jackpot closer to the current monetary value of the
primary MCP jackpot growth. For example, if the current EU growth
is too low relative to a re-evaluation of the corresponding British
.English Pound. growth, a higher-than-actual exchange rate could be
used to try to close the gap by some period of time. For business
and regulatory reasons, such an implementation may be uncommon,
although such implementations are considered to be within the scope
of this disclosure.
A further example is given to provide further context and
understanding. In this example, a British .English Pound. SCP is
established with a .English Pound.2 qualifying unit wager, jackpot
odds of 1 in 1000, a .English Pound.100 seed amount, and a 4% wager
contribution, i.e., .English Pound.0.08 of each .English Pound.2
qualifying wager is contributed to the SCP jackpot. The overall RTP
for the British .English Pound. SCP jackpot is 4% (wager-derived
RTP)+5% (seed RTP, calculated by .English Pound.100/(1000.English
Pound.2)=5%). Thus, after one hundred .English Pound.2 wagers have
been made, the SCP jackpot will have grown by 100.English
Pound.0.08=.English Pound.8, and the meter for the SCP will reflect
.English Pound.100 (seed amount)+.English Pound.8 (wager
contributions)=.English Pound.108. If the SCP were to produce a
jackpot winner in the 1111.sup.th play (111 more plays than
expected according to the odds of winning discussed above), the
total SCP jackpot would be .English Pound.188.88.
It may then be desired to link an EU SCP jackpot which uses
qualifying unit wagers of 2 to the British .English Pound. SCP
jackpot to form a two-currency MCP with British .English Pound. as
the primary currency and EU as the secondary currency. In this
implementation, the EU odds of winning per qualifying unit wager
must be the same as the British odds for winning, i.e., 1 in 1000,
and the absolute monetary value of each contribution from an EU
qualifying unit wager must be equal to the absolute monetary value
of contributions from British qualifying unit wagers. For the
initial MCP jackpot cycle, the exchange rate of .English Pound. to
may be .English Pound.1 to 1.115. According to this exchange rate,
each 1 wager must contribute .English Pound.0.081.115/.English
Pound.1=0.0892.
Thus, for each wager made, regardless of whether it is a British
.English Pound. or an EU wager, the meters for the two currencies
each grow by .English Pound.0.08 and 0.0892, respectively. Thus,
the EU meter may, after 100 wagers, be increased by 0.0892100=8.92,
which may be added to the EU seed for the EU meter. As discussed
previously, the secondary currency seed amount may be selected to
produce similar or identical overall jackpot RTPs between the
participating currencies in the MCP. In this case, the secondary
seed amount, i.e., EU seed amount, may be selected such that the EU
MCP jackpot has an overall RTP equal to the overall RTP for the
British .English Pound. MCP jackpot, i.e., 9%. The wager-derived
RTP for EU may be calculated as outlined earlier in this document.
An alternate method of calculating the RTP which provides
equivalent results is to simply divide the individual wager
contribution for a currency by the qualifying unit wager for that
currency. In this case, the EU contribution per 2 wager is 0.0892,
so the EU wager-derived RTP is 0.0892/2=4.46%. Thus, the seed RTP
for the EU MCP jackpot would be 9%-4.46%=4.54%, which results in an
EU seed amount of 100024.54%=90.80.
If this example MCP were to be implemented without any delayed seed
mechanism, the total jackpot displayed on each currency meter and
the jackpot growth for each currency would be as shown in Table 1
below.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 .English Pound. EUR Total Total Jackpot
Jackpot Jackpot Jackpot Displayed Growth Displayed Growth MCP
Jackpot .English Pound.100.00 .English Pound.0.00 90.80 0.00 Start
100th Play .English Pound.108.00 .English Pound.8.00 99.72 8.92
200th Play .English Pound.116.00 .English Pound.16.00 108.64 17.84
300th Play .English Pound.124.00 .English Pound.24.00 117.56 26.76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000th Play .English Pound.180.00
.English Pound.80.00 180.00 89.20 1100th Play .English Pound.188.00
.English Pound.88.00 188.92 98.12 1111th Play .English Pound.188.88
.English Pound.88.88 189.90 99.10
It is to be understood that, for this particular example, the
jackpot is actually won on the 1111.sup.th play, which is 111
wagers more than would be expected on average. Thus, the actual RTP
for this particular would be slightly lower than expected.
After the jackpot is won on the 1111.sup.th play, the currency
meters in this example are both reset to begin a new MCP jackpot
cycle. The .English Pound. meter is reset to the .English Pound.100
amount again, but the meter may be reset to a different amount to
account for any fluctuations in exchange rates. For example, if the
exchange rate of .English Pound. to is now .English Pound.1 to
1.2085, the required contribution from each qualifying wager would
be .English Pound.0.081.2085/.English Pound.1=0.09668, which
results in a wager-derived RTP of 4.834%, a seed RTP of 4.166%, and
a seed amount of 83.32. Accordingly, the total jackpot displayed on
each currency meter and the jackpot growth for each currency for
the second MCP jackpot cycle would be as shown in Table 2
below.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 GBP EUR Total Total Jackpot Jackpot Jackpot
Jackpot Displayed Growth Displayed Growth MCP Jackpot .English
Pound.100.00 .English Pound.0.00 83.32 0.00 Start 100th Play
.English Pound.108.00 .English Pound.8.00 92.99 9.67 200th Play
.English Pound.116.00 .English Pound.16.00 102.66 19.34 300th Play
.English Pound.124.00 .English Pound.24.00 112.32 29.00 . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 1000th Play .English Pound.180.00 .English
Pound.80.00 180.00 96.68 1100th Play .English Pound.188.00 .English
Pound.88.00 189.67 106.35
As is evident from the tables above, the second cycle features a
much lower seed value for EU than the first cycle did, but also
features a faster growth rate, i.e., a greater percentage of each 2
wager is contributed to the MCP jackpot. Correspondingly, the EU
meter shows a smaller number than the British .English Pound. meter
shows at the start of the jackpot cycle, but a greater number than
the British .English Pound. meter shows at the end of the jackpot
cycle, which occurs at the 1100.sup.th bet in the second cycle.
As discussed previously in this paper, it may be desirable to mask
the fluctuating nature of the secondary currency seed amounts from
players. To that end, a delayed seeding mechanism may be
implemented as outlined previously in this paper.
For example, a delayed seeding mechanism could be implemented for
the EU currency meter. The initial meter amount for the EU meter
could be set to be 50, and the escrow feed rate could be set to
0.10/qualifying wager. Table 3 shows the total jackpot displayed
and the jackpot growth for British .English Pound. for every 100th
qualifying wager. Table 3 also shows the total jackpot displayed,
the wager-derived jackpot growth, the seed-derived jackpot growth,
and the seed amount remaining in escrow for EU for every 100.sup.th
qualifying wager. For comparison, Table 3 also includes similar
data for the seeded EU jackpot without delayed seeding, i.e., the
entire seed amount is used to initialize the EU meter. As can be
seen, due to the feed rate selected, by the time the 500.sup.th
wager has occurred (to be exact, by the 408.sup.th wager), the
total jackpot displayed using either the delayed seed or
non-delayed seed implementation of the EU MCP jackpot is the same
and remains the same until the MCP jackpot is won. In this example,
the MCP jackpot is configured to cease delayed seeding when the
escrowed seed amount is used up--however, in implementations where
the seed rate is maintained despite the exhaustion of the escrowed
seed amount, the total jackpot displayed will diverge.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 EUR EUR (No Delayed .English Pound. Wager-
Seed- Seed) Total Total Derived Derived Seed Total Jackpot Jackpot
Jackpot Jackpot Jackpot Escrow Jackpot Jackpot Displayed Growth
Displayed Growth Growth Remaining Displayed Growth MCP .English
Pound.100.00 .English Pound.0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 40.80 90.80 0.00
Jackpot Start 100th .English Pound.108.00 .English Pound.8.00 68.92
8.92 10.00 30.80 99.72 8.92 Play 200th .English Pound.116.00
.English Pound.16.00 87.84 17.84 20.00 20.80 108.64 17.84 Play
300th .English Pound.124.00 .English Pound.24.00 106.76 26.76 30.00
10.80 117.56 26.76 Play 400th .English Pound.132.00 .English
Pound.32.00 125.68 35.68 40.00 0.80 126.48 35.68 Play 500th
.English Pound.140.00 .English Pound.40.00 135.40 44.60 40.80 0.00
135.40 44.60 Play 600th .English Pound.148.00 .English Pound.48.00
144.32 53.52 40.80 0.00 144.32 53.52 Play 700th .English
Pound.156.00 .English Pound.56.00 153.24 62.44 40.80 0.00 153.24
62.44 Play 800th .English Pound.164.00 .English Pound.64.00 162.16
71.36 40.80 0.00 162.16 71.36 Play 900th .English Pound.172.00
.English Pound.72.00 171.08 80.28 40.80 0.00 171.08 80.28 Play
1000th .English Pound.180.00 .English Pound.80.00 180.00 89.20
40.80 0.00 180.00 89.20 Play 1100th .English Pound.188.00 .English
Pound.88.00 188.92 98.12 40.80 0.00 188.92 98.12 Play 1200th
.English Pound.196.00 .English Pound.96.00 197.84 107.04 40.80 0.00
197.84 107.04 Play
Table 4 provides similar data as that shown in Table 3, but with
respect to the second MCP jackpot cycle. In the second MCP jackpot
cycle, the total jackpot displayed for the EU meter is the same
regardless of whether or not delayed seeding is used after the
333rd wager is made.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 EUR EUR (No Delayed GBP Wager- Seed- Seed)
Total Total Derived Derived Seed Total Jackpot Jackpot Jackpot
Jackpot Jackpot Escrow Jackpot Jackpot Displayed Growth Displayed
Growth Growth Remaining Displayed Growth MCP .English Pound.100.00
.English Pound.0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 33.32 83.32 0.00 Jackpot Start
100th .English Pound.108.00 .English Pound.8.00 69.67 9.67 10.00
23.32 92.99 9.67 Play 200th .English Pound.116.00 .English
Pound.16.00 89.34 19.34 20.00 13.32 102.66 19.34 Play 300th
.English Pound.124.00 .English Pound.24.00 109.00 29.00 30.00 3.32
112.32 29.00 Play 400th .English Pound.132.00 .English Pound.32.00
121.99 38.67 33.32 0.00 121.99 38.67 Play 500th .English
Pound.140.00 .English Pound.40.00 131.66 48.34 33.32 0.00 131.66
48.34 Play 600th .English Pound.148.00 .English Pound.48.00 141.33
58.01 33.32 0.00 141.33 58.01 Play 700th .English Pound.156.00
.English Pound.56.00 151.00 67.68 33.32 0.00 151.00 67.68 Play
800th .English Pound.164.00 .English Pound.64.00 160.66 77.34 33.32
0.00 160.66 77.34 Play 900th .English Pound.172.00 .English
Pound.72.00 170.33 87.01 33.32 0.00 170.33 87.01 Play 1000th
.English Pound.180.00 .English Pound.80.00 180.00 96.68 33.32 0.00
180.00 96.68 Play 1100th .English Pound.188.00 .English Pound.88.00
189.67 106.35 33.32 0.00 189.67 106.35 Play 1200th .English
Pound.196.00 .English Pound.96.00 199.34 116.02 33.32 0.00 199.34
116.02 Play
At a high level, with reference to FIG. 3, one implementation of an
MCP may start (302) and a primary currency may be designated (304).
One or more secondary currencies may also be designated (306).
Various parameters needed to provide the primary currency MCP
jackpot may be established (308) according to the business needs of
the MCP operator. For example, the MCP operator may configure the
primary currency MCP jackpot with certain odds and an overall RTP
which are selected to entice players to participate in the MCP.
In 310, a secondary currency initial currency meter value may be
determined. As noted above, this amount may be selected to allow
for a delayed seeding mechanism to be used. In implementations
where delayed seeding is not used, determining the secondary
currency initial currency meter value may be optional.
For each MCP jackpot cycle, the relevant primary currency to
secondary currency exchange rate may be determined (312). Various
techniques may be used to arrive at the relevant exchange rate, as
discussed earlier in this paper. After the relevant exchange rate
is determined, various secondary currency MCP jackpot parameters
may be determined according to the relevant exchange rate of 312
and the parameters selected for the primary currency MCP jackpot in
308, as discussed at length earlier in this paper. Such secondary
currency MCP jackpot parameters may include, for example, the
contribution per secondary currency qualifying unit wager to the
MCP jackpot and the secondary seed amount.
If out-of-bounds conversion functionality is included in the
implementation and the determined secondary currency MCP jackpot
parameters result in an out-of-bounds scenario, the out-of-bounds
conversion functionality may be initiated, such as, for example, is
described in paragraphs [0123]-[0128] of this paper. Such
initiation may be optional if such functionality is not provided or
not needed.
The MCP jackpot cycle may be initiated (318) and, if delayed seed
functionality is included in the implementation, a portion of the
secondary currency seed amount may be transferred into an escrow
associated with the secondary currency meter (320). This portion is
determined by subtracting the secondary currency initial meter
value from the secondary currency seed amount; the remaining
secondary seed amount is placed into the escrow. The non-escrowed
portion of the secondary currency seed amount may be added to the
secondary currency meter (322). In implementations where no delayed
seeding is implemented, the secondary currency meter may be
initialized using the entire secondary currency seed amount.
After the secondary currency meter has been initialized, the MCP
jackpot cycle may begin (324), and qualifying wagers from both the
primary currency and the secondary currency may make contributions
to the MCP jackpot (328). During this period, if there are escrowed
secondary currency funds associated with the secondary currency
meter, those funds may be transferred from the escrow to the
secondary currency meter over a period of time (326).
At some point, a player may win the MCP jackpot (330). The MCP
jackpot may be paid out in the appropriate currency, and a decision
may be made as to whether or not another MCP jackpot cycle should
be initiated (332). If so, the technique may return to step 312 and
continue as before, although various parameters may change based on
what the relevant exchange rate is. If not, the technique may end
(334) and the jackpot may be deactivated.
The techniques discussed herein may be implemented on any of a
variety of systems or devices. For example, FIG. 4 depicts a
high-level diagram of apparatuses which may be used to implement an
MCP system. In FIG. 4, gaming machine 402 is configured to receive
wagers made in British .English Pound., which may be the primary
currency for the MCP jackpot which is to be provided. Player 404
may make wagers on gaming machine 402 in British .English Pound.,
and may be eligible to participate in the MCP jackpot as a result.
Gaming machine 412 is configured to receive wagers made in EU ,
which may be a secondary currency for the MCP jackpot which is to
be provided. Player 414 may make wagers on gaming machine 412 in EU
, and may be eligible to participate in the MCP jackpot as a
result. MCP server 432 may be configured to monitor game play on
gaming machines 402 and 412, and receive indications of
contributions from each qualifying wager made on gaming machines
402 and 412 which are to be added to the MCP jackpot amount. In
other implementations, wagering machines 402 and 412 may determine
when a qualifying wager has been made and may provide an indication
to MCP server 432 of the appropriate contribution from the
qualifying wager. MCP server 432 may be configured to implement MCP
techniques as described in this paper, such as, for example, the
technique outlined in FIG. 3. MCP server 432 may, for example,
communicate with primary currency meter 406 and instruct the meter
to indicate the current value of the MCP for British .English
Pound. wagerers, and may communicate with secondary currency meter
416 and instruct the meter to indicate the current value of the MCP
for EU wagerers. MCP server 432, which may be located within a
remote area 430, such as a gaming establishment operations center
or an off-site operations center, may be further configured to
communicate with exchange rate reporting server 442, which may be
located at, for example, a financial services provider. MCP server
432 may be configured to query exchange rate reporting server 442
periodically to obtain up-to-date exchange rate data for use in
implementing MCPs.
While FIG. 4 depicts only one gaming machine for each currency, in
practice, many gaming machines may be in communication with MCP
server 432. In some implementations, gaming machines 402 and 412
may actually be personal computers which may access Internet
gambling sites and provide wagering games over the Internet. A
player may, in such situations, be confined to wagering in the
currency of the jurisdiction in which the computer is in. However,
other implementations may allow a player to specify which currency
they wish to use. In some implementations, an MCP may receive
contributions both from gaming machines which are located in
casinos or other gaming venues and from personal computers engaging
in Internet-based wagering game play.
It is to be understood as well that while FIG. 4 depicts only one
MCP server 432, the functionality of MCP server 432 may be
distributed across multiple servers or other devices, and may be
distributed across multiple locations. For example, an MCP system
may include one server which monitors exchange rates and adjusts
MCP jackpot parameters for secondary currencies, a server which
tracks wagering contributions from all currencies participating in
the MCP, and other servers which each manage a different MCP
jackpot currency meter using information from the server which
tracks wagering contributions and the data from the server which
provides MCP jackpot parameters for the secondary currencies.
FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C show isometric, front, and side views,
respectively, of a gaming machine 2, which may be used to support
various implementations of MCPs as discussed herein. As illustrated
in FIGS. 5A-5C, gaming machine 2 includes a main cabinet 4, which
generally surrounds the machine interior and is viewable by users.
The main cabinet includes a main door 8 on the front of the
machine, which opens to provide access to the interior of the
machine.
In some implementations, the electronic gaming machine may include
any of a plurality of devices. For example, the electronic gaming
machine may include a ticket printer that prints bar-coded tickets,
a key pad for entering player tracking information, a display
(e.g., a video display screen) for displaying player tracking
information, a card reader for entering a magnetic striped card
containing player tracking information, and any other devices. The
ticket printer may be used to print tickets for a cashless
ticketing system. In FIGS. 5A-5C, attached to the main door is a
payment acceptor 28, a bill validator 30, and a coin tray 38. The
payment acceptor may include a coin slot and/or a payment, note, or
bill acceptor, where the player inserts money, coins, tokens, or
other types of payments.
In some implementations, devices such as readers or validators for
credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, or credit slips may
facilitate payment. For example, a player may insert an
identification card into a card reader of the gaming machine. The
identification card may be a smart card coded with a player's
identification, credit totals (or related data) and other relevant
information. As another example, a player may carry a portable
device, such as a cell phone, a radio frequency identification tag
or any other suitable wireless device. The portable device may
communicates a player's identification, credit totals (or related
data), and/or any other relevant information to the gaming machine.
As yet another example, money may be transferred to a gaming
machine through electronic funds transfer. When a player funds the
gaming machine, another logic device coupled to the gaming machine
may determine the amount of funds entered and display the
corresponding amount on a display device.
In some implementations, attached to the main door are a plurality
of player-input switches or buttons 32. The input switches can
include any suitable devices which enables the player to produce an
input signal which is received by the processor. The input switches
may include a game activation device that may be used by the player
to start any primary game or sequence of events in the gaming
machine. The game activation device can be any suitable play
activator such as a "bet one" button, a "max bet" button, or a
"repeat the bet" button. In some instances, upon appropriate
funding, the gaming machine may begin the game play automatically.
Alternately, the gaming machine may automatically activate game
play after detecting user input via the game activation device.
In some implementations, one input switch is a cash-out button. The
player may push the cash-out button and cash out to receive a cash
payment or other suitable form of payment corresponding to the
number of remaining credits. For example, when the player cashes
out, the player may receive the coins or tokens in a coin payout
tray. As another example, the player may receive other payout
mechanisms such as tickets or credit slips redeemable by a cashier
(or other suitable redemption system) or funding to the player's
electronically recordable identification card. As yet another
example, funds may be transferred from the gaming machine to the
player's smart card.
In some implementations, one input switch is a touch-screen coupled
with a touch-screen controller, or some other touch-sensitive
display overlay to enable for player interaction with the images on
the display. The touch-screen and the touch-screen controller may
be connected to a video controller. A player may make decisions and
input signals into the gaming machine by touching the touch-screen
at the appropriate places. One such input switch is a touch-screen
button panel.
In some implementations, the gaming machine may include
communication ports for enabling communication of the gaming
machine processor with external peripherals, such as external video
sources, expansion buses, game or other displays, a SCSI port, a
key pad, or a network interface for communicating via a
network.
In some implementations, the gaming machine may include a label
area, such as the label area 36. The label area may be used to
display any information or insignia related to activities conducted
at the gaming machine.
In some implementations, the electronic gaming machine may include
one or more display devices. For example, the electronic gaming
machine 2 includes display devices 34 and 45. The display devices
34 and 45 may each include any of a cathode ray tube, an LCD, a
light emitting diode (LED) based display, an organic light emitting
diode (OLED) based display, a polymer light emitting diode (PLED)
based display, an SED based-display, an E-ink display, a plasma
display, a television display, a display including a projected
and/or reflected image, or any other suitable electronic display
device.
In some implementations, the display devices at the gaming machine
may include one or more electromechanical devices such as one or
more rotatable wheels, reels, or dice. The display device may
include an electromechanical device adjacent to a video display,
such as a video display positioned in front of a mechanical reel.
The display devices may include dual-layered or multi-layered
electromechanical and/or video displays that cooperate to generate
one or more images. The display devices may include a mobile
display device, such as a smart phone or tablet computer, that
allows play of at least a portion of the primary or secondary game
at a location remote from the gaming machine. The display devices
may be of any suitable size and configuration, such as a square, a
rectangle or an elongated rectangle.
In some implementations, the display devices of the gaming machine
are configured to display game images or other suitable images. The
images may include symbols, game indicia, people, characters,
places, things, faces of cards, dice, and any other images. The
images may include a visual representation or exhibition of the
movement of objects such as mechanical, virtual, or video reels and
wheel. The images may include a visual representation or exhibition
of dynamic lighting, video images, or any other images.
In some implementations, the electronic gaming machine may include
a top box. For example, the gaming machine 2 includes a top box 6,
which sits on top of the main cabinet 4. The top box 6 may house
any of a number of devices, which may be used to add features to a
game being played on the gaming machine 2. These devices may
include speakers 10 and 12, display device 45, and any other
devices. Further, the top box 6 may house different or additional
devices not illustrated in FIGS. 1-2B. For example, the top box may
include a bonus wheel or a back-lit silk screened panel which may
be used to add bonus features to the game being played on the
gaming machine. As another example, the top box may include a
display for a progressive jackpot offered on the gaming machine. As
yet another example, the top box may include a smart card
interaction device. During a game, these devices are controlled and
powered, at least in part, by circuitry (e.g. a master gaming
controller) housed within the main cabinet 4 of the machine 2.
In some implementations, speakers may be mounted and situated in
the cabinet with an angled orientation toward the player. For
instance, the speakers 10 and 12 located in top box area 6 of the
upper region of gaming machine 2 may be mounted and situated in the
cabinet with an angled orientation down towards the player and the
floor. In one example, the angle is 45 degrees with respect to the
vertical, longitudinal axis of machine 2. In another example, the
angle is in a range of 30-60 degrees. In another example, the angle
is any angle between 0 and 90 degrees. In some implementations, the
angle of speakers in the gaming machine may be adjustable. For
instance, speakers may be adjusted to face in a direction more
closely approximating an estimated position of a player's head or
facial features.
The bill validator 30, player-input switches 32, display screen 34,
and other gaming devices may be used to present a game on the game
machine 2. The devices may be controlled by code executed by a
master gaming controller housed inside the main cabinet 4 of the
machine 2. The master gaming controller may include one or more
processors including general purpose and specialized processors,
such as graphics cards, and one or more memory devices including
volatile and non-volatile memory. The master gaming controller may
periodically configure and/or authenticate the code executed on the
gaming machine.
In some implementations, the gaming machine may include a sound
generating device coupled to one or more sounds cards. The sound
generating device may include one or more speakers or other sound
generating hardware and/or software for generating sounds, such as
playing music for the primary and/or secondary game or for other
modes of the gaming machine, such as an attract mode. The gaming
machine may provide dynamic sounds coupled with attractive
multimedia images displayed on one or more of the display devices
to provide an audio-visual representation or to otherwise display
full-motion video with sound to attract players to the gaming
machine. During idle periods, the gaming machine may display a
sequence of audio and/or visual attraction messages to attract
potential players to the gaming machine. The videos may also be
customized for or to provide any appropriate information.
In some implementations, the gaming machine may include a sensor,
such as a camera that is selectively positioned to acquire an image
of a player actively using the gaming machine and/or the
surrounding area of the gaming machine. The sensor may be
configured to capture biometric data about a player in proximity to
the gaming machine. The biometric data may be used to implement
mechanical and/or digital adjustments to the gaming machine.
Alternately, or additionally, the sensor may be configured to
selectively acquire still or moving (e.g., video) images. The
display devices may be configured to display the image acquired by
the camera as well as display the visible manifestation of the game
in split screen or picture-in-picture fashion. For example, the
camera may acquire an image of the player and the processor may
incorporate that image into the primary and/or secondary game as a
game image, symbol, animated avatar, or game indicia. In some
implementations, the sensor may be used to trigger an attract mode
effect. For example, when the sensor detects the presence of a
nearby player, the gaming machine may play sound effects or display
images, text, graphics, lighting effects, or animations to attract
the player to play a game at the gaming machine.
Gaming machine 2 is but one example from a wide range of gaming
machine designs on which the techniques described herein may be
implemented. For example, not all suitable gaming machines have top
boxes or player tracking features. Further, some gaming machines
have only a single game display--mechanical or video, while others
may have multiple displays. As mentioned previously, the
functionality of gaming machines, in the context of the present
disclosure, may also be provided by personal computers providing
wager gaming via the Internet.
FIG. 6 shows a server-based (Sb.TM.) gaming network which may be
used to implement some of the techniques or systems as described
above. Those of skill in the art will realize that this
architecture and the related functionality are merely examples and
that the present disclosure encompasses many other such
implementations and methods.
Here, casino computer room 620 and networked devices of a gaming
establishment 605 are illustrated. Gaming establishment 605 is
configured for communication with central system 663 via gateway
650. Gaming establishments 693 and 695 are also configured for
communication with central system 663. Gaming establishments 693
and 695 may, for example be in jurisdictions using different
currencies and may both offer games which participate in the same
MCP.
In some implementations, gaming establishments may be configured
for communication with one another. In this example, gaming
establishments 693 and 695 are configured for communication with
casino computer room 620. Such a configuration may allow devices
and/or operators in casino 605 to communicate with and/or control
devices in other casinos. In some such implementations, a server in
computer room 620 may control devices in casino 605 and devices in
other gaming establishments. Conversely, devices and/or operators
in another gaming establishment may communicate with and/or control
devices in casino 605.
Here, gaming establishment 697 is configured for communication with
central system 663, but is not configured for communication with
other gaming establishments. Some gaming establishments (not shown)
may not be in communication with other gaming establishments or
with a central system. Gaming establishment 605 includes multiple
gaming machines 621, each of which is part of a bank 610 of gaming
machines 621. In this example, gaming establishment 605 also
includes a bank of networked gaming tables 653. However, the
present disclosure may be implemented in gaming establishments
having any number of gaming machines, gaming tables, etc. It will
be appreciated that many gaming establishments include hundreds or
even thousands of gaming machines 621 and/or gaming tables 653, not
all of which are necessarily included in a bank and some of which
may not be connected to a network. At least some of gaming machines
621 and/or mobile devices 670 may be "thin clients" that are
configured to perform client-side methods as described elsewhere
herein. Gaming machines 621 may, for example, be configured to
provide the first and second levels of access and issue and receive
temporary IDs, much as gaming machines 405 and 410 are
configured.
Some configurations can provide automated, multi-player roulette,
blackjack, baccarat, and other table games. The table games may be
conducted by a dealer and/or by using some form of automation,
which may include an automated roulette wheel, an electronic
representation of a dealer, etc. In some such implementations,
devices such as cameras, radio frequency identification devices,
etc., may be used to identify and/or track playing cards, chips,
etc. Some of gaming tables 653 may be configured for communication
with individual player terminals (not shown), which may be
configured to accept bets, present an electronic representation of
a dealer, indicate game outcomes, etc.
Gaming establishment 605 also includes networked kiosks 677.
Depending on the implementation, kiosks 677 may be used for various
purposes, including but not limited to cashing out, prize
redemption, redeeming points from a player loyalty program,
redeeming "cashless" indicia such as bonus tickets, smart cards,
generating temporary IDs, creating new player tracking accounts
based on temporary IDs, etc. In some implementations, kiosks 677
may be used for obtaining information about the gaming
establishment, e.g., regarding scheduled events (such as
tournaments, entertainment, etc.), regarding a patron's location,
etc. Software related to such features may be provided and/or
controlled, and related data may be obtained and/or provided,
according to the present disclosure. For example, in some
implementations of the disclosure, kiosks 677 may be configured to
receive information from a patron, e.g., such as temporary IDs or
account creation data.
In this example, each bank 610 has a corresponding switch 615,
which may be a conventional bank switch in some implementations.
Each switch 615 is configured for communication with one or more
devices in computer room 620 via main network device 625, which
combines switching and routing functionality in this example.
Although various communication protocols may be used, some
preferred implementations use the Gaming Standards Association's
G2S Message Protocol. Other implementations may use IGT's open,
Ethernet-based SuperSAS.RTM. protocol, which IGT makes available
for downloading without charge. Still other protocols, including
but not limited to Best of Breed ("BOB"), may be used to implement
various implementations of the disclosure. IGT has also developed a
gaming-industry-specific transport layer called CASH that rides on
top of TCP/IP and offers additional functionality and security.
Here, gaming establishment 605 also includes an RFID network,
implemented in part by RFID switches 619 and multiple RFID readers
617. An RFID network may be used, for example, to track objects
(such as mobile gaming devices 670, which include RFID tags 627 in
this example), patrons, etc., in the vicinity of gaming
establishment 605.
As noted elsewhere herein, some implementations of the disclosure
may involve "smart" player loyalty instruments, such as player
tracking cards, which include an RFID tag. Accordingly, the
location of such RFID-enabled player loyalty instruments may be
tracked via the RFID network. In this example, at least some of
mobile devices 670 may include an RFID tag 627, which includes
encoded identification information for the mobile device 670.
Accordingly, the locations of such tagged mobile devices 670 may be
tracked via the RFID network in gaming establishment 605. Other
location-detection devices and systems, such as the global
positioning system ("GPS"), may be used to monitor the location of
people and/or devices in the vicinity of gaming establishment 605
or elsewhere.
Various alternative network topologies can be used to implement
different implementations of the disclosure and/or to accommodate
varying numbers of networked devices. For example, gaming
establishments with large numbers of gaming machines 621 may
require multiple instances of some network devices (e.g., of main
network device 625, which combines switching and routing
functionality in this example) and/or the inclusion of other
network devices not shown in FIG. 6. Some implementations of the
disclosure may include one or more middleware servers disposed
between kiosks 677, RFID switches 619 and/or bank switches 615 and
one or more devices in computer room 620 (e.g., a corresponding
server). Such middleware servers can provide various useful
functions, including but not limited to the filtering and/or
aggregation of data received from switches, from individual gaming
machines and from other devices. Some implementations of the
disclosure include load-balancing methods and devices for managing
network traffic. In some implementations, middleware servers may
provide intermediate data handling and processing for implementing
MCPs--for example, a middleware server may collect wager
contributions from several banks of gaming machines and forward
them on the MCP server 432.
Storage devices 611, Sb.TM. server 630, License Manager 631,
Arbiter 633, servers 632, 634, 636 and 638, host device(s) 660 and
main network device 625 are disposed within computer room 620 of
gaming establishment 605. In practice, more or fewer devices may be
used. Depending on the implementation, some such devices may reside
in gaming establishment 605 or elsewhere.
One or more devices in central system 663 may also be configured to
perform, at least in part, tasks specific to the present
disclosure, such as the functions which may be performed by MCP
server 432. For example, one or more servers 662, storage devices
664 and/or host devices 660 of central system 663 may be configured
to implement the functions described in detail elsewhere
herein.
One or more of the servers of computer room 620 may be configured
with software for receiving a player's wager gaming notification
parameters, determining when a wagering condition corresponds with
the wager gaming notification parameters and/or providing a
notification to the player when the wagering condition corresponds
with the wager gaming notification parameters.
Other devices that may be deployed in network 605 do not appear in
FIG. 6. For example, some gaming networks may include not only
various radio frequency identification ("RFID") readers 617, but
also RFID switches, middleware servers, etc., some of which are not
depicted in FIG. 6. These features may provide various functions.
For example, a server (or another device) may determine a location
of a mobile device 670 according to the location of an RFID reader
that reads an RFID tag 627.
The servers and other devices indicated in FIG. 6 may be configured
for communication with other devices in or outside of gaming
establishment 605, such as host devices 660, kiosks 677 and/or
mobile devices 670, for implementing some methods described
elsewhere herein. Servers (or the like) may facilitate
communications with such devices, receive and store patron data,
provide appropriate responses, etc., as described elsewhere
herein.
Some of these servers may be configured to perform tasks relating
to accounting, player loyalty, bonusing/progressives, configuration
of gaming machines, etc. One or more such devices may be used to
implement a casino management system, such as the IGT Advantage.TM.
Casino System suite of applications, which provides instantaneous
information that may be used for decision-making by casino
managers. A Radius server and/or a DHCP server may also be
configured for communication with the gaming network. Some
implementations of the disclosure provide one or more of these
servers in the form of blade servers.
Some implementations of Sb.TM. server 630 and the other servers
shown in FIG. 6 include (or are at least in communication with)
clustered CPUs, redundant storage devices, including backup storage
devices, switches, etc. Such storage devices may include a "RAID"
(originally redundant array of inexpensive disks, now also known as
redundant array of independent disks) array, back-up hard drives
and/or tape drives, etc.
In some implementations of the disclosure, many of these devices
(including but not limited to License Manager 631, servers 632,
634, 636, and 638, and main network device 625) are mounted in a
single rack with Sb.TM. server 630. Accordingly, many or all such
devices will sometimes be referenced in the aggregate as an "Sb.TM.
server." However, in alternative implementations, one or more of
these devices is in communication with Sb.TM. server 630 and/or
other devices of the network but located elsewhere. For example,
some of the devices could be mounted in separate racks within
computer room 620 or located elsewhere on the network. Moreover, it
can be advantageous to store large volumes of data elsewhere via a
storage area network ("SAN").
Computer room 620 may include one or more operator consoles or
other host devices that are configured for communication with other
devices within and outside of computer room 620. Such host devices
may be provided with software, hardware and/or firmware for
implementing various implementations of the disclosure. However,
such host devices need not be located within computer room 620.
Wired host devices 660 (which are desktop and laptop computers in
this example) and wireless devices 670 (which are PDAs in this
example) may be located elsewhere in gaming establishment 605 or at
a remote location.
These and other aspects of the disclosure may be implemented by
various types of hardware, software, firmware, etc. For example,
some features of the disclosure may be implemented, at least in
part, by machine-readable media that include program instructions,
state information, etc., for performing various operations
described herein. Examples of program instructions include both
machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing
higher-level code that may be executed by the computer using an
interpreter. Examples of machine-readable media include, but are
not limited to, magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks,
and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM disks;
magneto-optical media; and hardware devices that are specially
configured to store and perform program instructions, such as
read-only memory devices ("ROM") and random access memory
("RAM").
Any of the above implementations may be used alone or together with
one another in any combination. Although various implementations
may have been motivated by various deficiencies with the prior art,
which may be discussed or alluded to in one or more places in the
specification, the implementations do not necessarily address any
of these deficiencies. In other words, different implementations
may address different deficiencies that may be discussed in the
specification. Some implementations may only partially address some
deficiencies or just one deficiency that may be discussed in the
specification, and some implementations may not address any of
these deficiencies.
While various implementations have been described herein, it should
be understood that they have been presented by way of example only,
and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present
application should not be limited by any of the implementations
described herein, but should be defined only in accordance with the
following and later-submitted claims and their equivalents.
It will be understood that unless features in any of the
above-described implementations are expressly identified as
incompatible with one another or the surrounding context implies
that they are mutually exclusive and not readily combinable in a
complementary and/or supportive sense, the totality of this
disclosure contemplates and envisions that specific features of
those implementations can be selectively combined to provide one or
more comprehensive, but slightly different, technical solutions. It
will therefore be further appreciated that the above description
has been given by way of example only and that modifications in
detail may be made within the scope of the invention.
* * * * *