U.S. patent number 7,653,930 [Application Number 10/366,778] was granted by the patent office on 2010-01-26 for method for role and resource policy management optimization.
This patent grant is currently assigned to BEA Systems, Inc.. Invention is credited to Manish Devgan, Philip B. Griffin, Rod McCauley, Alex Toussaint.
United States Patent |
7,653,930 |
Griffin , et al. |
January 26, 2010 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Method for role and resource policy management optimization
Abstract
Methods are disclosed for authorization to adaptively control
access to a resource in a resource hierarchy. At least one role for
a principal is retrieved from the resource hierarchy or a first
cache based on whether the at east one role was previously
retrieved from the resource hierarchy. A policy is retrieved from
the resource hierarchy or a second cache based on whether the
policy was previously retrieved from the resource hierarchy. The
policy is evaluated based on the at least one role and a
determination on whether to grant the principal access to the
resource is made based on the evaluation of the policy.
Inventors: |
Griffin; Philip B. (Longmont,
CO), Devgan; Manish (Broomfield, CO), Toussaint; Alex
(Broomfield, CO), McCauley; Rod (Loveland, CO) |
Assignee: |
BEA Systems, Inc. (San Jose,
CA)
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Family
ID: |
32849815 |
Appl.
No.: |
10/366,778 |
Filed: |
February 14, 2003 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20040162905 A1 |
Aug 19, 2004 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
726/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F
21/6218 (20130101); H04L 63/105 (20130101); G06F
2221/2145 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06F
17/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;726/1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1 256 889 |
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Nov 2002 |
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EP |
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WO0038078 |
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Jun 2000 |
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WO |
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WO0114962 |
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Mar 2001 |
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WO |
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WO 01/67285 |
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Sep 2001 |
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WO |
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WO 2004/074993 |
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Sep 2004 |
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WO |
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WO 2004/074994 |
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Sep 2004 |
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WO |
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WO 2004/074998 |
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Sep 2004 |
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WO |
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Primary Examiner: Lipman; Jacob
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Townsend and Townsend and Crew
LLP
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for authorization to adaptively control access to a
resource in a hierarchy of resources, comprising the steps of:
determining, by a computer system, a first set of one or more roles
that are within scope of the resource from one of: 1) the hierarchy
of resources; and 2) a first cache; determining, by the computer
system, a policy within scope of the resource from one of: 1) the
hierarchy of resources; and 2) a second cache, wherein the policy
is an association between the resource and a second set of roles,
wherein the policy is from a set of policies, each policy in the
set of policies associated with a resource in the hierarchy of
resources, and wherein a policy is within scope of a resource if
the policy is associated with the resource or if the policy is
associated with another resource that is hierarchically superior to
the resource in the hierarchy of resources; determining, by the
computer system, from the first set of roles, a third set of one or
more roles that are satisfied by a principal; providing, by the
computer system, for an evaluation of the policy based on the third
set of one or more roles; determining, by the computer system,
whether to grant the principal access to the resource based on the
evaluation of the policy; and granting, by the computer system,
access to the resource if one or more roles from the third set of
roles are in the second set of roles; wherein a role in the first
set of roles is retrieved from the first cache if the role was
previously retrieved from the hierarchy of resources; and wherein
the policy is retrieved from the second cache if the policy was
previously retrieved from the hierarchy of resources.
2. The method of claim 1 including the step of: allowing the
principal to be an authenticated user, group or process.
3. The method of claim 1 including the step of: determining whether
role expressions for the first set of roles evaluates to true or
false for the principal in a context.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein: a role in the first set of roles
has at least one role expression that is a Boolean expression that
includes at least one of (1) another Boolean expression and (2) a
predicate.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein: the predicate is one of user,
group, time and segment.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein: the predicate is evaluated
against the principal and a context.
7. The method of claim 4 wherein: the predicate is a segment that
is specified in plain language.
8. A method for authorization to adaptively control access to a
resource in a hierarchy of resources, comprising the steps of:
determining a first set of one or more roles that are within scope
of the resource for a principal from one of: 1) a searchable
hierarchically arranged plurality of roles; and 2) a first cache;
determining a policy within scope of the resource from one of: 1)
the hierarchy of resources; and 2) a second cache, wherein the
policy is an association between the resource and a second set of
roles, wherein the policy is from a set of policies associated with
resources in the hierarchy of resources, and wherein a policy is
within scope of a resource if the policy is associated with the
resource or if the policy is associated with another resource that
is hierarchically superior to the resource in the hierarchy of
resources; determining, from the first set of roles, a third set of
one or more roles that are satisfied by the principal; providing
for an evaluation of the policy based on the third set of one or
more roles; determining whether to grant the principal access to
the resource based on the evaluation of the policy; and granting
access to the resource if one or more roles from the third set of
roles are in the second set of roles; wherein a role in the first
set of roles is retrieved from the first cache if the role was
previously retrieved from the hierarchy of resources; and wherein
the policy is retrieved from the second cache if the policy was
previously retrieved from the hierarchy of resources; and wherein
the first cache and the second cache are different.
9. The method of claim 8 including the step of: allowing the
principal to be an authenticated user, group or process.
10. The method of claim 8 including the step of: evaluating role
expressions for the first set of roles to true or false for the
principal in a context.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein: a role in the first set of roles
has at least one role expression that is a Boolean expression that
includes at least one of (1) another Boolean expression and (2) a
predicate.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein: the predicate is one of user,
group, time and segment.
13. The method of claim 11 include the step of: evaluating the
predicate against the principal and a context.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein: the segment predicate is
specified in plain language.
15. A computer system for authorization adapted for controlling
access to a resource in a hierarchy of resources, comprising: one
or more processors; object code executing on the one or more
processors implementing: at least one role-mapper to map a
principal to a first set of one or more roles within scope of the
resource, wherein a role in the first set of roles is retrieved
from one of: 1) the hierarchy of resources; and 2) a first cache,
wherein mapping includes determining whether or not the role is
satisfied by the principal; at least one authorizer coupled to the
at least one role-mapper, the at least one authorizer being
configured to determine if a policy is satisfied based on the first
set of roles, wherein the policy within scope of the resource is
retrieved from one of: 1) the hierarchy of resources and 2) a
second cache, wherein the policy is an association between the
resource and a second set of roles, wherein the policy is from a
set of policies, each policy in the set of policies associated with
a resource in the hierarchy of resources, and wherein a policy is
within scope of a resource if the policy is associated with the
resource or if the policy is associated with another resource that
is hierarchically superior to the resource in the hierarchy of
resources; and an adjudicator coupled to the at least one
authorizer, the adjudicator being configured to render a decision
based on the determination of the at least one authorizer, wherein
access is granted to the resource if one or more roles in the first
set of roles is in the second set of roles; and wherein a role in
the first set of roles is retrieved from the first cache if the
role was previously retrieved from the hierarchy of resources;
wherein the policy is retrieved from the second cache if the policy
was previously retrieved from the hierarchy of resources.
16. The computer system of claim 15 wherein: the principal is an
authenticated user, group or process.
17. The computer system of claim 15 wherein: role expressions for
the first set of roles evaluates to true or false for the principal
in a context.
18. The computer system of claim 15 wherein: a role in the first
set of roles has at least one role expression that is a Boolean
expression that includes at least one of another Boolean expression
and a predicate.
19. The computer system of claim 18 wherein: the predicate is one
of user, group, time and segment.
20. The computer system of claim 18 wherein: the predicate is
evaluated against the principal and a context.
21. The computer system of claim 19 wherein: the segment predicate
is specified in plain language.
22. A machine readable medium having instructions stored thereon
that when executed by a processor cause a system to: determine a
first set of one or more roles that are within scope of a resource
for a principal from one of: 1) a hierarchy of resources; and 2) a
first cache; determine a policy within scope of the resource from
one of: 1) the hierarchy of resources; and 2) a second cache,
wherein the policy is an association between the resource and a
second set of roles, wherein the policy is from a set of policies,
each policy in the set of policies associated with a resource in
the hierarchy of resources, and wherein a policy is within scope of
a resource if the policy is associated with the resource or if the
policy is associated with another resource that is hierarchically
superior to the resource in the hierarchy of resources; determine a
third set of one or more roles from the first set of roles that are
satisfied by the principal; provide for an evaluation of the policy
based on the third set of one or more roles; determine whether to
grant the principal access to the resource based on the evaluation
of the policy; grant access to the resource if one or more roles
from the third set of roles are in the second set of roles; wherein
a role in the first set of roles is retrieved from the first cache
if the role was previously retrieved from the hierarchy of
resources; and wherein the policy is retrieved from the second
cache if the policy was previously retrieved from the hierarchy of
resources.
23. The machine readable medium of claim 22 further comprising
instructions which when executed cause the system to: allow the
principal to be an authenticated user, group or process.
24. The machine readable medium of claim 22 further comprising
instructions which when executed cause the system to: evaluate role
expressions for the first set of roles to true or false for the
principal in a context.
25. The machine readable medium of claim 22 wherein: a role in the
first set of roles has at least one role expression that is a
Boolean expression that includes at least one of another Boolean
expression and a predicate.
26. The machine readable medium of claim 25 wherein: the predicate
is one of user, group, time and segment.
27. The machine readable medium of claim 25 wherein: the predicate
is evaluated against the principal and a context.
28. The machine readable medium of claim 26 wherein: the segment
predicate is specified in plain language.
Description
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains
material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright
owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of
the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the
Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise
reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
CROSS REFERENCES
This application is related to the following applications which are
hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety: SYSTEM AND
METHOD FOR HIERARCHICAL ROLE-BASED ENTITLEMENTS, U.S. application
Ser. No. 10/367,177, Inventors: Philip B. Griffin, et al., filed on
Feb. 14, 2003; METHOD FOR DELEGATED ADMINISTRATION, U.S.
application Ser. No. 10/367,190, Inventors: Philip B. Griffin, et
al., filed on Feb. 14, 2003; and METHOD FOR ROLE AND RESOURCE
POLICY MANAGEMENT, U.S. application Ser. No. 10/367,462, Inventor:
Philip B. Griffin, filed on Feb. 14, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No.
6,917,975, issued Jul. 12, 2005.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention disclosure relates to authorization and
control of resources in an enterprise application.
BACKGROUND
Enterprise applications can increase the availability of goods and
services to customers inside and outside of an organization. One
issue that accompanies deployment of an enterprise application is
authorization or access control. Both customers and system
administrators need to be privileged to perform certain actions
(e.g., modifying a customer account) or to gain access to certain
content. Typical authorization systems can be complex and time
consuming to implement and maintain, especially if they are tied
closely to the business logic in an enterprise application.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a exemplary resource hierarchy in
accordance to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is the exemplary hierarchy of FIG. 1 further illustrating
roles and security policies.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an authorization system in accordance to one
embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a delegation role hierarchy in
accordance to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is an illustration of exemplary delegation security policies
in one embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The invention is illustrated by way of example and not by way of
limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which
like references indicate similar elements. It should be noted that
references to "an" or "one" embodiment in this disclosure are not
necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at
least one.
In one embodiment, an enterprise application includes one or more
resources that facilitate the performance of business, scientific
or other functions and tasks. In another embodiment, an enterprise
application can be a Java.TM. 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
deployment unit that bundles together Web Applications, Enterprise
Java.TM. Beans and Resource Adaptors into a single deployable unit.
The Java.TM. programming language and its run-time libraries and
environment are available from Sun Microsystems, Inc., of Santa
Clara, Calif. Enterprise applications can include software,
firmware and hardware elements. Software, firmware and hardware can
be arbitrarily combined or divided into separate logical
components. Furthermore, it will be apparent to those skilled in
the art that such components, irregardless of how they are combined
or divided, can execute on the same computer or can be arbitrarily
distributed among different computers connected by one or more
networks.
In one embodiment, a resource can correspond to any person, place
or thing, including an object or an entity (e.g., a network, a
computer, a computer user, a bank account, an electronic mail
message, aspects of a computer operating system such as virtual
memory, threads and file storage, etc.), a method or a process
(e.g., balancing a checkbook, installing a device driver,
allocating virtual memory, deleting a file, etc.), the occurrence
or non-occurrence of an event (e.g., an attempt by a user to logon
to a computer, a change in state, etc.) and an organization or
association of resources (e.g., lists, trees, maps, hierarchies,
etc.).
In one embodiment, resources can be classified into a hierarchical
taxonomy (which itself can be a resource). By way of a non-limiting
example, in an enterprise application, it may be necessary to refer
to a particular resource such as a booklet. In order to reference
the booklet, one needs to know which web page it is on, which
portal the web page belongs to, which web application (or "web
app") owns the web page, and which domain the web app belongs to.
Each of these components is considered a resource and can be
described as a resource path (e.g., a sequence of components
separated by slashes):
domain/web_app/portal/desktop/page/booklet
The first resource is domain which lies at the "top" of the
resource hierarchy. Working down the hierarchy, the next component
is web_app. The web_app is a "child" or "descendent" of domain and
domain is a "parent" of web_app. The domain is superior to web_app
and web_app is inferior to domain. Likewise, portal is a child of
web_app and a parent of desktop. The page is a child of desktop
with booklet as its child. The depth of the resource is the number
of components in its path. For example, the depth of booklet is six
(assuming that we are counting from 1) and the depth of portal is
three. In one embodiment, the depth of a resource can be unlimited.
In one embodiment, a resource can have properties or capabilities.
By way of a non-limiting example, a booklet resource could have the
ability to be customized by an end-user. The capability could be
appended to the hierarchy as follows:
domain/web_app/portal/desktop/page/booklet.customize
FIG. 1 is an illustration of an exemplary resource hierarchy in
accordance to one embodiment of the invention. By way of a
non-limiting example, this hierarchy can represent resources within
an enterprise application. Web App 1 and Web App 2 are Web
applications. A Web application resource is a part of an enterprise
application that is accessible on the World Wide Web. Portal 1 and
Portal 2 are portal resources and are children of Web App 1. Portal
3 is a child of Web App 2. In one embodiment, Web App 1 and Web App
2 can be children of one or more enterprise applications (not
shown) which can be children of one or more domains (not shown). A
portal is a point of access to data and applications that provides
a unified and potentially personalized view of information and
resources. Typically, a portal is implemented as one or more pages
on a website (Page 1, Page 2, Page A, Page B, Page X, and Page Y).
Portal pages can integrate many elements, such as applications,
live data feeds, static information and multimedia
presentations.
Desktop A, Desktop B and Desktop C contain one or more views of a
portal that have been customized for a particular user or group of
users. Pages within each desktop can contain portlets (Portlet A,
Portlet B, and Portlet C) and booklets (Booklet 1 and Booklet 2). A
portlet is a self-contained application that renders itself on a
portal page. In one embodiment, a booklet is a collection of one or
more pages or booklets. Resource Web App 1/Portal 1/Desktop A/Page
2/Booklet 1/Page A has a capability Cap 3. Likewise, Web App
1/Portal 1/Desktop A/Page 2/Booklet 1/Booklet 2 has a capability
Cap 4 and Web App 1/Portal 1/Desktop A/Page 2/Booklet 1/Booklet
2/Page Y/Portlet A has capabilities Cap 1 and Cap 2.
Enterprise applications can control access to their resources
and/or capabilities through the use of entitlements. In one
embodiment, evaluation of an entitlement consists of determining a
security policy by dynamically associating one or more roles with a
principal. In one embodiment, a role can be based on rules that
take into account information including knowledge about the
principal, knowledge about a communication session, the current
state of the system, and/or any other relevant information.
In one embodiment, a user represents a person who uses an
enterprise application. A group can be an arbitrary collection of
users. In one embodiment, members of a group share common traits
such as job title, etc. A process can be a software or firmware
computer program or portion thereof of any granularity (e.g., a
task, thread, lightweight process, distributed object, Enterprise
Java.TM. Bean, or any other computing operation). Users, groups and
processes can be considered subjects. Subjects can be authenticated
based on providing adequate proof (e.g., password, social security
number, etc.) to an authentication system. Once authenticated, a
subject can be considered a principal for purposes of evaluating
entitlements. A principal is an identity assigned to a user, group
or process as a result of authentication. A principal can also
represent an anonymous user, group or process (e.g., a subject that
has not been authenticated).
In one embodiment, a role definition contains one or more
expressions that evaluate to true or false when evaluated for a
given principal in a given context. In another embodiment, an
expression can evaluate to a degree of certainty that access to a
resource should be granted. Expressions may be nested within each
other and can contain functions, arithmetic or logical operators,
etc. In one embodiment, expressions are combined (e.g., with
Boolean operators such as "and", "or", and "not") to form a Boolean
expression that evaluates to true or false. If a role evaluates to
true, then the principal in question is considered to satisfy the
role.
Role expressions can be dynamically evaluated against a principal
attempting to access a resource in a given context. A context can
contain any information relevant to making a determination of
whether a principal belongs in a role. By way of a non-limiting
example, a context can include any of a principal's attributes
(e.g., name, age, address, etc.) and/or information about a
communication session. In another embodiment, a context can include
information from a hypertext transfer protocol ("HTTP") or
hypertext transfer protocol (secure) (HTTPS) request. This
information can pertain to character encoding, remote user,
authorization scheme, content length, server port, context path,
request URI, request method, scheme, servlet path, content type,
remote host, request protocol, locale, server name, remote address,
query string, path information, etc. It will be apparent to those
skilled in the art that a context can include any information which
is relevant to evaluating an expression.
In one embodiment, expressions can include predicates. The
invention disclosed herein is not limited to the present predicates
discussed. A user predicate evaluates to true if the principal in
question is the principal supplied as an argument to the predicate.
The group predicate evaluates to true if the principal in question
is a member of the specified group.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Exemplary Roles ROLE EXPRESSION Anonymous
Satisfied by all principals BankManager (User = Donna)
CustomerService (User = Michael or Peter) or (Group = BankTellers)
LoanOfficer (Group = Associate) and (Group = TrainingLevel2) and
not (User = Bob) BankManager (User = Donna) and ((OCT. 14, 2002
<= currentDate <= OCT. 25, 2002) or (NOV. 14, 2002 <=
currentDate <= NOV. 25, 2002)) Software (Segment =
JavaDeveloper) SysAdmin ((User = Donna) and ((OCT. 14, 2002 <=
currentDate <= OCT. 25, 2002) or (NOV. 14, 2002 <=
currentDate <= NOV. 25, 2002))) or (Segment =
SystemAdministrator)
Table 1 illustrates seven exemplary roles and their accompanying
expressions. In one embodiment, the role "Anonymous" is a special
role that is always satisfied. In another embodiment, the role of
"Anonymous" is satisfied by an unauthenticated principal. The role
of "BankManager" is met by a principal that is authenticated as
user "Donna". The role of "CustomerService" is fulfilled by a
principal authenticated as "Michael" or "Peter", or belonging to
group "BankTellers". The "LoanOfficer" role is met by a principal
that is a member of both the "Associate" group and the
"TrainingLevel2" group, but is not "Bob". Roles can also be
dynamic. By way of a non-limiting example, a role can be date
and/or time dependent. In one embodiment, a time period can be
specified using the currentDate predicate. The role of
"BankManager" can be fulfilled by "Donna", but only between Oct.
14, 2002-Oct. 25, 2002 or Nov. 14, 2002-Nov. 25, 2002. It will be
apparent to those skilled in the art that many such date or time
predicates are possible (e.g., a predicate that is based on a date
and a time, or one that is based on time only, etc.).
In addition to the predicates discussed above, a segment predicate
(hereafter referred to as a "segment") can also be included in a
role definition. A segment evaluates to true if the principal in
question satisfies the segment's criteria. A segment can be defined
in terms of one or more expressions or conditions which can be
nested and include logical operators, mathematical operations,
method calls, calls to external systems, function calls, etc. In
another embodiment, a segment can be specified in plain language.
By way of a non-limiting example:
TABLE-US-00002 When all of these conditions apply, the principal is
a JavaDeveloper: Developer is equal to True Skill level is equal to
`High` Preferred language is equal to `Java`
In this example, the segment being described is
"ExperiencedJavaDeveloper". The condition "Developer is equal to
True" will evaluate to true when information contained in or
referenced through a context indicates that the principal in
question is a user in the software development department of an
organization. Likewise, the other conditions ("Skill level is equal
to `High`", "Preferred language is equal to `Java`") could
similarly be evaluated using information from or referenced through
a context. In another embodiment, a condition can pertain to
information about a communication session. It will be apparent to
those skilled in the art that a condition can be based on any
information, whether the information is connected with a particular
principal or not. If the segment as a whole evaluates to true, the
principal is said to have satisfied the segment. In Table 1, by way
of a non-limiting example, the role of "Software" is met by a
principal that satisfies the "JavaDeveloper" segment.
By way of a further non-limiting example:
TABLE-US-00003 When all of these conditions apply, the principal is
a SystemAdministrator: TimeofDay is between 12:00 am and 7:00 am
SystemLoad is `Low` AdminSkillLevel is at least 5
In this example, two conditions ("TimeofDay is between 12:00 am and
7:00 am" and "SystemLoad is `Low`") are based on information
unrelated to a particular principal. The segment evaluates to true
for the principal in question if it is the middle of the night, the
system is not busy, and the principal has level 5 administration
skills. In Table 1, by way of a non-limiting example, the role of
"SysAdmin" is met by "Donna", but only between Oct. 14, 2002-Oct.
25, 2002 or Nov. 14, 2002-Nov. 25, 2002, or by a principal that
satisfies the "SystemAdministrator" segment.
In one embodiment, a segment can be persisted in Extensible Markup
Language (XML). XML is a platform independent language for
representing structured documents. Retrieving information stored in
an XML document can be time consuming since the text comprising the
XML document must be parsed. To save time, in another embodiment
once a XML document representing a segment has been parsed, the
information extracted therefrom can be cached to avoid the need to
parse the file again.
FIG. 2 is the exemplary hierarchy of FIG. 1 further illustrating
roles and security policies. Roles are designated by the letter `R`
followed by a parenthetical list of one or more roles. Likewise,
policies are designated by the letter `P` followed by a
parenthetical list including a set of roles and an optional
capability to which the policy applies. If no capability is
present, the policy applies to the resource as a whole. In one
embodiment, roles can be considered global in scope or can be
associated with a particular resource. A global role is considered
within the scope of any resource. In one embodiment, a role
associated with a resource is within the scope of that resource. In
another embodiment, the role is within the scope of the resource
and all of its descendents. In yet another embodiment, the role is
within the scope of the resource and all of its descendents unless
a role with the same name is associated with a descendent. In this
way, a "more local" role occludes a "less local" role of the
name.
In FIG. 2, the role Anonymous is associated with the resource Web
App 1. In one embodiment, Anonymous is within the scope of Web App
1 and all resources beneath it in the hierarchy. Role G is
associated with resource Desktop A and as such, is within the scope
of Desktop A and its descendents. Role S is associated with
resource Page A. Since Page A has no children (i.e., the attribute
Cap 3 does not count as a child), the scope of role S is limited to
Page A. Resource Booklet 2 is associated with roles T and U. In one
embodiment, role T is within the scope of Booklet 2 and all of its
descendents but the same does not hold true for role U. Since a
descendent of Booklet 2 (i.e., Page Y) is associated with another
role by the same name, the role U associated with Booklet 2 is only
within the scope of Booklet 2 and Page X. In one embodiment, the
role U associated with Page Y however is within the scope of all of
the descendents of Page Y (i.e., Portlet A, Portlet B, and Portlet
C). Roles V and W are within the scope of Portlet A.
In one embodiment, a security policy (hereinafter referred to as a
"policy") is an association between a resource, a set of roles, and
an optional capability. Generally speaking, a policy grants access
to the resource for all principals for which the set of roles
evaluates to true. In one embodiment, a policy is satisfied if any
of its roles evaluate to true for a given principal. In another
embodiment, a policy is satisfied if all of its roles evaluate to
true for a given principal. In another embodiment, a security
policy integrity system can prevent removing or deleting roles that
have policies which depend on them. Although one of skill in the
art will recognize that there are many ways to implement such a
system, one approach would be to keep track of the number of
policies that depend on a particular role by using a reference
count. Only when the reference count is equal to zero will the
particular role be eligible for removal.
In yet a further embodiment, a policy's set of roles can be an
expression including Boolean operators, set operators and roles for
operands. A policy can be expressed as the tuple <resource,
roles, [capability]>, wherein resource specifies the name of a
resource and roles specifies a set of roles, and capability is an
optional capability. While a policy is predicated on one or more
roles, roles are predicated on users and groups. Therefore, one of
skill in the art will appreciate that policies are in essence
predicated on users, groups, and or segments. By way of
illustration, there are four policies illustrated in FIG. 2:
TABLE-US-00004 P.sub.1 = <Web App 1, {Anonymous}> P.sub.2 =
<Web App 1/Portal 1/Desktop A/Page 2, {G}> P.sub.3 = <Web
App 1/.../Page Y/Portlet A, {W, T}, Cap 1> P.sub.4 = <Web App
1/.../Page Y/Portlet A, {U, G, Anonymous}, Cap 2>
By way of a non-limiting illustration, assume a principal p
attempts to access resource Cap 1. In order to do so, the security
policy P.sub.3 on Cap 1 requires that p satisfy either role W or T.
In one embodiment, all roles within the scope of Cap 1 (i.e.,
Anonymous, G, T, U, U, V, and W) are determined for p. If any of
the roles that p satisfies match W or T, P.sub.3 is likewise
satisfied and access to Cap 1 is granted for p.
By way of a further non-limiting illustration, assume principal p
attempts to access capability Cap 2 for resource Portlet A. In
order to do so, the security policy P.sub.4 on Cap 2 requires that
p satisfy one of the roles U, G or Anonymous. In one embodiment,
all roles within the scope of Portlet A (i.e., Anonymous, G, T, U,
V and W) are determined for p. Note that in one embodiment, the
role U associated with resource Booklet 2 is not in the scope of
Portal A. Instead, the role having the same name but associated
with the more "local" resource Page Y occludes it. Thus, if any of
the roles that p satisfies match U, G or Anonymous, P.sub.4 is
satisfied and access to Cap 2 is granted for p. However, since in
one embodiment every principal satisfies the role Anonymous,
P.sub.4 will always be satisfied.
By way of a further non-limiting example, assume p attempts to
access capability Cap 4 associated with resource Booklet 2. This
resource has no policy. In one embodiment, access will be denied.
In another embodiment, access will be granted. In yet a further
embodiment, access will be granted if p satisfies a policy in a
parent resource of Booklet 2. Table 2 is a non-limiting
illustration of a parent policy search using the resource hierarchy
of FIG. 2. It is important to note, however, that the particular
search order or the method of searching is irrelevant for purposes
of this disclosure. In yet another embodiment, a resource without
an explicit policy can include information regarding its parent
policy and thus circumvent the need for a search.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2 Exemplary Policy Search SEARCH POLICY STEP
CURRENT RESOURCE CAPABILITY FOUND? 1 Web App 1/Portal 1/Desktop Cap
4 No A/Page 2/Booklet 1/Booklet 2 2 Web App 1/Portal 1/Desktop No
A/Page 2/Booklet 1/Booklet 2 3 Web App 1/Portal 1/Desktop Cap 4 No
A/Page 2/Booklet 1 4 Web App 1/Portal 1/Desktop No A/Page 2/Booklet
1 5 Web App 1/Portal 1/Desktop Cap 4 No A/Page 2 6 Web App 1/Portal
1/Desktop Yes A/Page 2
In one embodiment, the search for a policy proceeds as follows. The
starting point for the search is the resource that owns the
capability (i.e., Booklet 2) to which the principal is attempting
to access (i.e., Cap 4). This is the current resource. If no policy
exists at the current resource for the specific capability, in Step
2 we determine whether or not there is a policy merely on the
resource itself. If no policy is found, in Step 3 the current
resource is set equal to its parent (i.e., Booklet 1). If the
current resource has no policy for Cap 4, we determine whether or
not there is a policy on Booklet 1 itself. If no policy is found,
in Step 5 the current resource is set equal to its parent (i.e.,
Page 2). If no policy is found for Cap 4 at the current resource,
we determine in Step 6 whether or not there is a policy on Page 2
itself Since this is the case, the search stops at Step 6. Web App
1/Portal 1/Desktop A/Page 2 has policy P.sub.2. Therefore if p
satisfies role G, access to Cap 4 is granted for p.
In another embodiment, capabilities are associated with particular
resource types. For example, booklets may have a type of capability
(e.g., Cap 4) that is not compatible with or available for other
resource types (e.g., pages or desktops). Therefore, when searching
for a policy as in Table 2, if a capability is not compatible for
the current resource, that resource can be omitted from the search.
In yet a further embodiment, if a policy is not found for a given
resource type, a global library could be consulted to determine if
there are any applicable global policies.
In another embodiment, roles and policies can reside in their own
hierarchies, apart from the primary resource hierarchy. For
applications that do not need to associate roles and/or policies
with resources in the primary hierarchy, such an approach can allow
for a shallow role and/or policy tree, perhaps only with a single
level. Searching smaller hierarchies can potentially reduce the
time it takes to find all roles within scope and locate a
policy.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an authorization system in accordance to one
embodiment of the invention. Although this diagram depicts objects
as functionally separate, such depiction is merely for illustrative
purposes. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the
objects portrayed in FIG. 3 can be arbitrarily combined or divided
into separate software, firmware or hardware components.
Furthermore, it will also be apparent to those skilled in the art
that such components, irregardless of how they are combined or
divided, can execute on the same computer or can be arbitrarily
distributed among different computers connected by one or more
networks.
In one embodiment, security framework 300 is a modular security
architecture having a published interface that allows for plug-in
components. By way of a non-limiting example, a framework can be a
library, a set of interfaces, distributed objects, or any other
means for software, firmware and/or hardware components to
intercommunicate. Connected to the framework are one or more role
mapper components (302-306). A role mapper maps (e.g., determines
which roles are appropriate) a principal to one or more roles based
on a resource hierarchy and a context. Each role mapper can
implement its own specialized algorithms in this regard and use
information and resources beyond that which is provided by the
framework. Also connected to the framework are one or more
authorizers (308-312). An authorizer is responsible for determining
if access to a resource can be granted based on whether a principal
satisfies a resource policy. Each authorizer can implement its own
specialized algorithms in this regard and use information and
resources beyond that which is provided by the framework. Finally,
adjudicator 314 resolves any difference in outcome between
authorization modules and returns a final result (e.g., "grant",
"deny" or "abstain"). In one embodiment, the adjudicator can take
the logical "or" of the final results such that if any result is a
"grant", the outcome of adjudication is "grant". In another
embodiment, the adjudicator can take the logical "and" of the final
results such that if any result is a "deny", the outcome of
adjudication is "deny". In yet a further embodiment, the
adjudicator can use a weighted average or other statistical means
to determine the final outcome.
A process can interact with the framework in a number of ways which
will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment, a
calling process provides a resource access request {circle around
(1)} to the framework 300. This request can include information
about the principal, the resource to which access is requested, and
any context information. In another embodiment, the request can
contain references to this information. This information is then
provided to one or more role mappers {circle around (2)} by the
framework. Each role mapper determines which roles are appropriate
for the principal based on their own criteria. In another
embodiment, each role mapper can implement a cache to speed up
searching for roles. Rather than traversing a resource tree to find
all roles within scope, each role mapper can cache roles that were
previously retrieved from a resource tree based on a key comprising
the resource to which access is requested and the principal. After
the initial retrieval from a resource tree, subsequent roles for a
given resource-principal combination can be taken directly from the
cache.
A set of satisfied roles is then returned to the framework in
{circle around (3)}. The framework can provide the information from
{circle around (1)} and {circle around (3)} to the authorizer
modules in {circle around (4)}. The authorization modules
individually determine whether or not a policy is satisfied based
on this information and their own criteria. In another embodiment,
each authorizer can implement a cache to speed up searching for
policies. Rather than traversing a resource tree to find a policy
within scope, each authorizer can cache policies that were
previously retrieved from a resource tree based on a key comprising
the resource to which access is requested and the principal. After
the initial retrieval from a resource tree, subsequent policies for
a given resource-principal combination can be taken directly from
the cache. The authorizer results (e.g., in terms of grant or deny
decisions) are provided to the framework in {circle around (5)} and
provided to the adjudicator in {circle around (6)}. The adjudicator
makes a final decision which it provides to the framework in
{circle around (7)}. The framework then provides this decision to
the calling process in {circle around (8)}.
As enterprise applications grow large and complex, so do the number
of administrative tasks. One way to reduce the number of tasks that
a system administrator is responsible for is to distribute the
tasks among a number of administrators. Delegated administration
allows a hierarchy of roles to manage administrative capabilities.
By way of a non-limiting example, administrative capabilities can
include the ability to manage customer accounts, the ability to
delegate administrative capabilities, the ability to customize or
personalize user interface elements (e.g., portals, booklets,
desktops, portlets, etc.), the ability to perform administration of
an enterprise application, etc. In another embodiment, any
capability or property can be delegated. In one embodiment,
delegation is an act whereby a principal in one role enables
another hierarchically inferior role to have an administrative
capability and/or further delegate an administrative capability. In
one embodiment, a delegation role is identical to a role and can
thusly be defined using predicates (e.g., user, group, currentDate,
segment, etc.).
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a delegation role hierarchy in
accordance to one embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment,
delegation roles can be organized into a delegation hierarchy to
control the extent of delegation. In one embodiment, delegation
roles can be associated with a single top-level resource, such as
an enterprise application, and a delegation role hierarchy can be
maintained separate from the resource hierarchy. A security policy
can be associated with the enterprise application to limit which
principals are allowed to alter the role definitions and the
separately maintained role hierarchy. In another embodiment, a
fictitious resource hierarchy that mirrors an arbitrary delegation
role hierarchy can be utilized whereby each delegation role is
associated with a resource corresponding to the delegation role's
proper position in the hierarchy. A security policy can be
associated with each resource to control which principals can
modify the associated role. A security policy at the root of the
hierarchy could limit which principals are allowed to modify the
fictitious hierarchy itself.
Referring again to FIG. 4, role Admin_Role is at the top of the
delegation role hierarchy. In one embodiment, the principal in this
role has no limitations in its administrative capabilities or
delegation authority. By way of a non-limiting example, a principal
in the Admin_Role can modify the definition of delegation roles and
the delegation hierarchy. In one embodiment, a principal in a
delegation role can delegate administrative capabilities only to
roles beneath it in a delegation hierarchy. Admin_Role has two
children, A_Role and B_Role. A_Role has one child, C_Role, which as
two children: D_Role and E_Role. By way of a non-limiting example,
Admin_Role can delegate to all other roles beneath it in the
hierarchy. Likewise, A_Role can delegate to C_Role, D_Role and
E_Role. Whereas C_Role can only delegate to D_Role and E_Role. The
leaves of the tree, D_Role, E_Role and B_Role cannot delegate since
they have no children. In another embodiment, a node in the
hierarchy can be related to more than one parent. This allows more
than one superior role to delegate to an inferior role.
In one embodiment, a delegation can be represented by a security
policy. The policy is associated with a delegated
resource/capability and is based on the role to which the
resource/capability was delegated. FIG. 5 is an illustration of
exemplary delegation security policies in one embodiment of the
invention. Assume for this example that the delegation hierarchy of
FIG. 4 holds. Notice that the root resource in FIG. 5, Enterprise
App 1 is associated with the following roles: Admin_Role, A_Role,
B_Role, C_Role, D_Role and E_Role. The hierarchy depicted in FIG. 5
could include other resources, roles and policies, but is limited
for illustrative purposes. In one embodiment, a delegation creates
a policy on the resource who's capability is being delegated. For
example, resource Web App 1 has an Admin capability and an
associated security policy P(D_Role). A principal in the role of
C_Role, A_Role or Admin_Role created this policy by delegating to
D_Role the Admin capability for Web App 1. (It will be apparent to
those of skill in the art that any capability can be delegated;
i.e., not just Admin.) Thus, principals that satisfy D_Role can
perform administration of Web App 1. However, since Web App 1 does
not have a delegation capability, a principal satisfying the D_Role
cannot further delegate Web App 1's Admin capability.
Resource Desktop A has two capabilities, Admin and Delegate, each
of which has a policy. The policy P(A_Role) attached to both
indicates that a principal in the role of Admin_Role delegated to
Role_A the capability to both administer Desktop A and further
delegate this capability. Thus, a principal in Role_A can further
delegate both the Admin and Delegate capabilities to hierarchically
inferior delegation roles (i.e., C_Role, D_Role and E_Role). For
example, resource Desktop B has a capability Admin that has a
policy P(C_Role). This policy was put in place by a principal in
the role of A_Role or Admin_Role. A principal in the role of C_Role
will be able to administer Desktop B, but will not be able to
further delegate this capability.
In one embodiment, a delegation to a node that is already delegated
to by a principal in a hierarchically superior delegation role is
not permitted. Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, and by way of a
non-limiting illustration, if resource Portal 2 had a policy
P(A_Role), a principal in the role of C_Role would not be able to
delegate Portal 2 since it had been delegated to a role superior to
C_Role (i.e., A_Role).
In another embodiment, aspects of user group administration can be
delegated. By way of a non-limiting example, user groups can by
organized into a hierarchy by viewing them as children of an
enterprise application resource. Capabilities that can be delegated
include: user profile administration, the ability to view the
members of group, and the ability to create, update and remove
users and groups.
One embodiment may be implemented using a conventional general
purpose or a specialized digital computer or microprocessor(s)
programmed according to the teachings of the present disclosure, as
will be apparent to those skilled in the computer art. Appropriate
software coding can readily be prepared by skilled programmers
based on the teachings of the present disclosure, as will be
apparent to those skilled in the software art. The invention may
also be implemented by the preparation of integrated circuits or by
interconnecting an appropriate network of conventional component
circuits, as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the
art.
One embodiment includes a computer program product which is a
storage medium (media) having instructions stored thereon/in which
can be used to program a computer to perform any of the features
presented herein. The storage medium can include, but is not
limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical discs,
DVD, CD-ROMs, microdrive, and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs,
EPROMs, EEPROMs, DRAMs, VRAMs, flash memory devices, magnetic or
optical cards, nanosystems (including molecular memory ICs), or any
type of media or device suitable for storing instructions and/or
data.
Stored on any one of the computer readable medium (media), the
present invention includes software for controlling both the
hardware of the general purpose/specialized computer or
microprocessor, and for enabling the computer or microprocessor to
interact with a human user or other mechanism utilizing the results
of the present invention. Such software may include, but is not
limited to, device drivers, operating systems, execution
environments/containers, and user applications.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the
present invention has been provided for the purposes of
illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive
or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many
modifications and variations will be apparent to the practitioner
skilled in the art. Embodiments were chosen and described in order
to best describe the principles of the invention and its practical
application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to
understand the invention, the various embodiments and with various
modifications that are suited to the particular use contemplated.
It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the
following claims and their equivalents.
* * * * *
References