U.S. patent number 7,546,772 [Application Number 11/027,287] was granted by the patent office on 2009-06-16 for piezoresistive pressure sensor.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Honeywell international Inc.. Invention is credited to Cleopatra Cabuz, Eugen I Cabuz, Tzu-Yu Wang.
United States Patent |
7,546,772 |
Cabuz , et al. |
June 16, 2009 |
Piezoresistive pressure sensor
Abstract
A pressure sensor includes a housing portion with a fluid inlet
and a polymer element within the housing portion. The polymer
element may be coated with piezoresistive material to form a first
resistor and may have associated electrodes. The polymer element
includes a first resistance value that changes to a second
resistive value in a response to a predetermined condition. The
pressure sensor may also include a second polymer element that
includes a first resistance value that changes to a second
resistive value in a response to a predetermined condition.
Inventors: |
Cabuz; Eugen I (Edina, MN),
Cabuz; Cleopatra (Edina, MN), Wang; Tzu-Yu (Maple Grove,
MN) |
Assignee: |
Honeywell international Inc.
(Morristown, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
36638842 |
Appl.
No.: |
11/027,287 |
Filed: |
December 30, 2004 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20060144152 A1 |
Jul 6, 2006 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
73/715;
361/283.1; 73/721; 73/723; 73/727 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01L
9/0055 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01L
7/08 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;73/700-756
;361/283.1-283.4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Allen; Andre J
Assistant Examiner: Jenkins; Jermaine
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fredrick; Kris T.
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A pressure sensor comprising: a housing portion with a fluid
inlet coupled with a chamber, wherein fluid introduced in the fluid
inlet enters the chamber; and a polymer substrate within the
chamber of the housing portion and coated with piezoresistive
material, wherein the piezoresistive material coated on the polymer
substrate forms a first resistor, wherein the polymer substrate
includes a first resistance value that changes to a second
resistance value in a response to a predetermined condition.
2. The pressure sensor of claim 1 wherein the predetermined
condition includes the polymer substrate under applied pressure to
deflect.
3. The pressure sensor of claim 1 wherein the polymer substrate
includes a central region, an edge region, a first electrode over
the central region, and a second electrode over the edge
region.
4. The pressure sensor of claim 3 wherein the piezoresistive
material is deposited between the central region and the edge
region.
5. The pressure sensor of claim 3 wherein the piezoresistive
material is deposited in a spiral pattern between the central
region and the edge region.
6. The pressure sensor of claim 1 wherein the polymer substrate is
on a plane that is perpendicular to the fluid inlet.
7. The pressure sensor of claim 1 wherein the predetermined
condition includes a change in an environmental condition.
8. The pressure sensor of claim 2 wherein the substrate deflects at
an applied pressure through the fluid inlet.
9. The pressure sensor of claim 1 wherein the first resistor
includes two or more resistors.
10. The pressure sensor of claim 1 wherein the housing portion
includes a stationary resistor formed of piezoresistive
material.
11. The pressure sensor of claim 10 wherein the stationary resistor
includes two or more resistors.
12. The pressure sensor of claim 10 wherein the stationary resistor
is a reference resistor to substantially decouple the response of
the polymer substrate from a change in an environmental
condition.
13. A pressure sensor comprising: a housing with a fluid inlet
fluidically coupled with a chamber; a first polymer element within
the housing having a first resistor formed of piezoresistive
material and at least one electrode; and a second polymer element
within the housing having a second resistor formed of
piezoresistive material and at least one electrode.
14. The pressure sensor of claim 13 wherein the first polymer
element is curved in a stored position, and wherein the second
polymer element is curved in a stored position.
15. The pressure sensor of claim 13 wherein the chamber is between
the first polymer element and the second polymer element.
16. The pressure sensor of claim 13 wherein at least one of the
first and second polymer elements deflects from a stored position
to an active position upon applied pressure into the fluid
inlet.
17. The pressure sensor of claim 13 wherein the first and second
polymer elements deflect in opposite directions in response to
applied pressure into the fluid inlet.
18. The pressure sensor of claim 13 wherein the housing includes a
first stopper associated with the first polymer element and a
second stopper associated with the second polymer element.
19. The pressure sensor of claim 13 wherein the first polymer
element has a first side and a second opposite side that faces the
chamber, wherein the second polymer element has a first side and a
second opposite side that faces the chamber, wherein the first
resistor is on the first side of the first polymer element, and the
second resistor is on the first side of the second polymer
element.
20. The pressure sensor of claim 19 further comprising means for
protecting the pressure sensor device from being damaged.
21. The pressure sensor of claim 20 wherein the housing includes at
least one stopper adjacent at least one of the first side of the
first polymer element and the first side of the second polymer
element, wherein the means for protecting includes the at least one
stopper.
22. The pressure sensor of claim 13 wherein the pressure sensor is
used in a vacuum application.
23. The pressure sensor of claim 13 wherein the housing includes a
vent.
24. A process comprising: applying pressure at a fluid inlet, the
fluid inlet coupled with a chamber of a housing and wherein fluid
introduced in the fluid inlet enters the chamber; deflecting a
polymer element having a piezoresistor, a first electrode and a
second electrode deposited thereon, the polymer element within the
chamber; and measuring a variation in resistance of the
piezoresistor to calculate the applied pressure, wherein the
variation in resistance is directly or indirectly proportional to
the applied pressure.
25. The process of claim 24 wherein the polymer element includes a
diaphragm.
26. The process of claim 24 wherein the polymer element includes a
curved pre-formed element.
27. The process of claim 24 wherein measuring the variation in
resistance includes measuring a voltage difference between the
first and second electrodes.
Description
FIELD
This application relates in general to a piezoresistive pressure
sensor.
BACKGROUND
Some industrial, commercial, medical, aerospace and military
systems depend on reliable pressure sensors for fluid (including
gas) handling. Pressure transducers that use piezoresistors may be
formed with a silicon substrate and an epitaxial layer, which is
grown on the substrate. A portion of the substrate is removed,
leaving a thin, flexible diaphragm. The piezoresistors are located
in the diaphragm to form a pressure transducer.
In operation, at least one surface of the diaphragm is exposed to a
process pressure. The diaphragm deflects according to the magnitude
of the pressure, and this deflection bends the attached
piezoresistors. Bending of the diaphragm may create a change in the
resistance value of the piezoresistors. The change in the resistive
value may be reflected as a change in the output voltage signal of
a resistive bridge formed at least partially by the piezoresistors.
The silicon-based sensors and actuators may have limitation in
versatility and may be relatively costly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a pressure
sensor according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 1B illustrates a plan view of a diaphragm of the pressure
sensor of FIG. 1A taken through 1B-1B.
FIG. 1C illustrates a plan view of another diaphragm of the
pressure sensor of FIG. 1A taken through 1B-1B.
FIG. 2A illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a pressure
sensor according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 2B illustrates a plan view of a diaphragm of the pressure
sensor of FIG. 2A taken through 2B-2B.
FIG. 3A illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a pressure
sensor according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 3B illustrates a plan view of a diaphragm of the pressure
sensor of FIG. 3A taken through 3B-3B.
FIG. 4A illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a pressure
sensor according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 4B illustrates a plan view of a diaphragm of the pressure
sensor of FIG. 4A taken through 4B-4B.
FIG. 5 illustrates a bridge configuration of an example pressure
sensor.
FIG. 6 illustrates a process to calculate an applied pressure
according to an example embodiment.
In the figures, like reference characters designate identical or
corresponding components and units throughout the several
views.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In embodiments herein, pressure within a fluid chamber of a
pressure sensor changes as the pressure of the monitored fluid
changes. The polymer diaphragm within the fluid chamber may move,
deflect and/or deform as a result of the change in pressure within
the fluid chamber. When the diaphragm moves, a variation in
resistance of a piezoresistor of the diaphragm may be induced. The
electrode outputs coupled to electrodes of the diaphragm may cause
a control system to read the change in resistance. The variation in
resistance may be proportional to the applied pressure, and
therefore, the applied pressure may be measured.
FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a cross-sectional side view and a plan
view of a system 100 including a pressure sensor 102 and a control
system 103, according to an example embodiment. The pressure sensor
102 includes a housing 104, a fluid inlet 105 of the housing, a
vent 106 or fluid outlet port of the housing, and a diaphragm 110
within the housing. The pressure sensor 102 may use the diaphragm
110 to measure a pressure of a fluid introduced in the fluid inlet,
as described in more detail below.
The housing 104 may be made from any suitable semi-rigid or rigid
material, such as plastic, ceramic, silicon, etc. However, the
housing may be constructed by molding a high temperature plastic
such as ULTEM.TM. (available from General Electric Company,
Pittsfield, Mass.), CELAZOLE.TM. (available from Hoechst-Celanese
Corporation, Summit, N.J.), KETRON.TM. (available from Polymer
Corporation, Reading, Pa.), or some other suitable plastic
material.
The housing 104 includes a first inner wall 111 and a second inner
wall 112. For purposes of illustration, the first and second inner
walls 111, 112 are shown to be generally flat. However, the walls
may assume other shapes, depending upon the application. For
example, the second inner wall 112 may have different regions that
are recessed or protrude against the diaphragm 110 in order to, for
example, prevent the diaphragm 110 from achieving a suction lock
against the second inner wall 112. Other shapes may be used for the
inner walls, depending on the application.
The first inner wall 111 and the second inner wall 112 form a fluid
chamber 113 within the housing. The pressure within the fluid
chamber 113 may change as the pressure of the monitored fluid from
the fluid inlet 105 changes. The diaphragm 110 may proportionally
deflect as a result of the change in pressure within the fluid
chamber 113, as described in more detail below. The polymer element
or diaphragm 110 may deflect from a stored position to an active
position upon applied pressure into the fluid inlet. The polymer
element 110 may return to the stored position upon a release of the
applied pressure.
The diaphragm 110 is contained within the housing in the
illustrated embodiment. The diaphragm 110 has a first surface 116
facing the second inner wall 112 and a second surface 118 facing
the first inner wall 111 of the housing.
The diaphragm 110 may be considered a polymer element. The
diaphragm may be made of a material or form, or disposed in a
fashion, such that the diaphragm, once deformed, generates a
restoring force that pulls the diaphragm back towards the second
inner wall 112. The diaphragm 110 may be made from any suitable
material, having elastic, resilient, flexible or other elastomeric
property. The diaphragm 110 may be a substrate that is made from a
polymer such as KAPTON.TM. (available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours
& Co., Wilmington, Del.), KALADEX.TM. (available from ICI
Films, Wilmington, Del.), MYLAR.TM. (available from E. I. du Pont
de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.), or any other suitable
material. With a polymer-based substrate, the pressure sensor may
be made inexpensively, may be light weight, and/or suitable for
small handheld applications, or even suitable for disposable or
reusable applications.
The polymer substrate of the diaphragm may include a predetermined
pre-stress amount. When the stress in the polymer substrate is
relatively low, the diaphragm may be substantially soft. When the
pre-stress in the polymer substrate is relatively high, the
diaphragm may be substantially rigid. The pre-stress on the
substrate may depend on a thickness of substrate, a geometry of the
substrate, a material of the substrate, and depending upon the
application for which the substrate is used.
In an embodiment, the piezoresistive element and the substrate are
polymer based. The polymer-based substrate and piezoresistive
element may share a generally equivalent coefficient of thermal
expansion, thereby substantially preventing stress from occurring
between the substrate and the piezoresistive element(s) based on
thermal expansion.
The housing 104 includes the fluid inlet 105 along the second inner
wall 112, and the vent 106 along the first inner wall 111. The vent
106 may be configured for atmospheric pressure, a reference
pressure, back pressure or a vacuum pressure. Supplemental
restoring forces to the diaphragm may be created by applying back
pressure through the vent 106. The pressure in the pressure sensor
may include a difference between an inlet pressure at the fluid
inlet 105 of the pressure sensor and a reference pressure at the
vent 106 of the pressure sensor.
The diaphragm 110 may be on a plane that is perpendicular to the
fluid inlet 105, and substantially parallel to the second inner
wall 112, as shown in FIG. 1A. The diaphragm 110 may be positioned
near a middle of the chamber 113. The diaphragm may be
substantially straight when in a stored position, and deflected in
an active position.
Disposed along the second surface 118 of the diaphragm may be a
first electrode 120 and a second electrode 130. The first electrode
120 and the second electrode 130 may extend from the pressure
sensor 102 as output connections 125, 135, respectively, to couple
with the control system 103. The first electrode 120 may be along a
central region 128 of the diaphragm, and the second electrode 130
may be along an edge region 138 of the diaphragm. The electrodes
120 and 130 may be formed of aluminum thickly deposited upon the
diaphragm. The control system 103 may also include a ground (not
shown) that may ground the pressure sensor with the control
system.
Piezoresistive material may be disposed along the second surface
118 of the diaphragm, in between the first electrode 120 and the
second electrode 130. The piezoresistive material forms a resistor
140 on the diaphragm. The electrodes 120, 130 and the resistor 140
of the diaphragm may be disposed along the first surface 116 of the
diaphragm. A protective coating (not shown), such as a dielectric
or a polymer, may be applied over the electrode(s) and/or
resistor(s) in each embodiment disclosed herein.
As shown in FIG. 1B, the piezoresistive material is deposited
radially on the polymer diaphragm. In an embodiment not shown, the
piezoresistive material does not cover the entire substrate surface
from the central region 128 to the edge region 138. In an
additional embodiment, the piezoresistive material is deposited as
a piezoresistor 141 in a spiral pattern, as shown in the plan view
of FIG. 1C, or may be deposited about the substrate in various
patterns, such as variable radial widths.
The piezoresistive material may be thicker and/or wider near the
central region of the substrate as compared with the edge region,
depending upon the application. In this embodiment, the thinner
portion of piezoresistive material may act as a stress
concentration point within the overall diaphragm structure, whereby
any stress deformation within the diaphragm is mostly experienced
at the thinner portion.
The piezoresistive material may include an organic material. The
piezoresistive material may include a polymer. The piezoresistive
material may be coated as a film on the diaphragm and/or element of
the illustrated embodiments. The pressure sensor device may have
large sensitivity due to large displacement of the diaphragm and/or
element coated with the piezoresistive film.
The diaphragm includes a first resistance value that changes to a
second resistive value in a response to a predetermined condition.
The predetermined condition may include the polymer substrate under
applied pressure to deflect. The predetermined condition may also
include a change in an environmental condition. The resistive
values may be associated with at least one piezoresistor of the
diaphragm.
Because the fluid chamber 113 communicates with the fluid inlet 105
and the fluid inlet communicates with the fluid being monitored,
the pressure within the fluid chamber 113 changes as the pressure
of the monitored fluid changes. The diaphragm may move, deflect
and/or deform as a result of the change in pressure within the
fluid chamber 113. When the diaphragm moves, a variation in
resistance of the piezoresistor may be induced. The electrode
outputs 125, 135 may indicate to the control system 103 the change
in resistance. The variation in resistance may be proportional to
the applied pressure, and therefore, the applied pressure may be
measured.
FIGS. 2A and 2B respectively illustrate a cross-sectional side view
and a plan view of a system 200 having a pressure sensor 202 and a
control system 203 according to an example embodiment. The pressure
sensor 202 includes a housing 204, a fluid inlet 205 of the
housing, at least one vent 206 or fluid outlet port of the housing,
and a diaphragm 210 within the housing 204. The pressure sensor 202
may use the diaphragm 210 to measure a pressure of a fluid
introduced in the fluid inlet, as described in more detail below.
Elements with like reference numerals of FIGS. 2A and 2B as
compared with those of FIGS. 1A and 1B may have similar features
and/or materials.
The housing 204 includes a first inner wall 211 and a second inner
wall 212, which may be similar to the first inner wall 111 and the
second inner wall 112 of FIG. 1A, respectively. The first inner
wall 211 and the second inner wall 212 form a chamber 213. Within
the chamber 213 is the diaphragm 210, which may be similar to the
diaphragm 110. The diaphragm 210 includes electrodes 220, 230, and
piezoresistive material forming at least one resistor 240 between
the electrodes 220, 230. The electrodes and resistor may face the
first inner wall 211. In an embodiment, the inlet 205 along an
inner side wall 245 of the housing 204 may be oriented such that
the flow of the entering fluid into the chamber 213 is parallel to
a plane of the diaphragm 210. The first electrode 220 and the
second electrode 230 may extend from the pressure sensor 202 as
output connections 225, 235, respectively, to couple with the
control system 203.
Additionally within the chamber 213 may be a substantially fixed
portion 250 that may be substantially non-deflecting. The
substantially fixed portion 250 may be substantially parallel to
the diaphragm. The substantially fixed portion 250 includes a
substantially fixed substrate extending across the chamber that may
be substantially parallel to the diaphragm. The substantially fixed
substrate includes a set of reference electrodes 255, and a
reference resistor 260 between the set of reference electrodes. The
set of reference electrodes 255 may correspond to the electrodes
220 and 230, and face the second wall 212. The inlet 205 is in
fluid communication with a portion of the chamber 213 that is in
between the diaphragm 210 and the substantially fixed portion 250
in this embodiment.
The reference resistor 260 may be a stationary resistor. The
stationary resistor may include two or more resistors on the
substantially fixed portion in an embodiment. In this embodiment,
the resistor 240 may likewise include two or more resistors on the
diaphragm in a pattern similar to reference resistor 260. In an
embodiment where there are a first resistor and a second resistor
on each of the diaphragm and the substantially fixed portion, the
first resistors are disposed over a first half of the diaphragm and
portion, respectively, and the second resistors are disposed over a
second half of the diaphragm and portion, respectively.
The diaphragm 210 may deflect from a stored position to an active
position upon applied pressure from the fluid inlet 205 and/or
environmental conditions. However, the substantially fixed portion
250 does not substantially deflect due to applied pressure from the
fluid inlet. The piezoresistor 260 of the substantially fixed
portion 250 may also respond to the same environmental
condition.
The stationary resistor may substantially decouple the response of
the diaphragm 210 from a change in an environmental condition. Each
resistor 240 and 260 may be subjected to the same environmental
condition, such as temperature and humidity. Because the reference
resistor 260 is associated with the substantially fixed portion
250, the response of the resistor 260 may be substantially
exclusively due to the environmental condition. When there is a
triggering environmental condition, a variation in resistance of
the resistor 260 may be induced and detected by the control system
203. However, the response of the diaphragm resistor 240 may be due
to the same triggering environmental condition and the applied
pressure from the fluid inlet 205.
When the diaphragm 210 moves, a variation in resistance of the
diaphragm resistor 240 may be induced and detected by the control
system 203. The variation in resistance between the resistor 240
and the resistor 260 may be proportional to the applied pressure
from inlet 205, and therefore, the applied pressure may be
measured.
For example, if the pressure sensor 202 is introduced to a higher
temperature, the housing 204 of the sensor 202 may expand, and the
piezoresistance of the diaphragm and of the substantially fixed
portion may change. If only measuring the diaphragm, a pressure
change appears to have taken place. However, when the piezoresistor
260 on the non-deflecting part of the sensor 202 measures a
resistance change, the control system may compensate for an
environmental effect on the piezoresistor 240 and determine whether
there is a pressure change. There may not be a pressure change if
the change in resistance for each resistor 240 and 260 is
substantially the same, in an embodiment. However, there may be a
pressure change if the change in resistance for each resistor 240
and 260 is not substantially the same.
FIGS. 3A and 3B respectively illustrate a cross-sectional side view
and a plan view of a system 300 having a pressure sensor 302 and a
control system 303 according to an example embodiment. The pressure
sensor 302 includes a housing 304, a fluid inlet 305 of the
housing, at least one vent 306 or fluid outlet port of the housing,
and a diaphragm 310 within the housing 304. The pressure sensor 302
may use the diaphragm 310 to measure a pressure of a fluid
introduced in the fluid inlet, as described in more detail below.
Elements with like reference numerals of FIGS. 3A and 3B as
compared with those of FIGS. 2A and 2B may have similar features,
behaviors and/or materials.
The housing 304 includes a first inner wall 311 and a second inner
wall 312, which may be similar to the first inner wall 111 and the
second inner wall 112 of FIG. 1A, respectively. The first inner
wall 311 and the second inner wall 312 form a chamber 313. Within
the chamber 313 is the diaphragm 310 that may be similar to the
diaphragm 110. The diaphragm may have electrodes 320, 330, and
piezoresistive material forming at least one resistor 340 between
the electrodes 320, 330. The electrodes 320, 330, and resistor 340
may face the first inner wall 311. In an embodiment, the inlet 305
along the second inner wall 312 of the housing 304 may be oriented
such that the flow of the entering fluid is perpendicular to a
plane of the diaphragm 310.
Disposed upon the first inner wall 311 may be a substantially
stationary (or fixed) portion 350 that may be substantially
non-deflecting. The substantially fixed portion 350 may be
substantially parallel to the diaphragm. The substantially fixed
portion 350 includes a substantially fixed substrate extending
across the chamber. The substantially fixed substrate includes a
set of reference electrodes 355, 356, and a reference resistor 360
between the set of reference electrodes. The first electrode 320,
the second electrode 330, the first electrode 355, and the second
electrode 356 may each extend from the pressure sensor 302 as
output connections 325, 335, 326, 336, respectively, to couple with
the control system 303.
The set of reference electrodes 355, 356 may correspond in location
and/or material to the electrodes 320 and 330, respectively. The
portion 350 may correspond to the portion 250 of FIGS. 2A and 2B.
The reference resistor 360 may be a stationary resistor that
behaves substantially similar to the stationary resistor 260.
In an embodiment, the resistor 340 includes a first resistor R1b on
the first half of the diaphragm 310, and a second resistor R2b on
the second half of the diaphragm 310. The resistor 360 includes a
first resistor R1t on a first half or side of the housing, and a
second resistor R2t on a second half or side of the housing. R1t
may correspond to R1b and R2t may correspond to R2b in location on
the respective element, material, thickness and behavior.
FIGS. 4A and 4B respectively illustrate a cross-sectional side view
and a plan view of a system 400 having a pressure sensor 402 and a
control system 403 according to an example embodiment. The pressure
sensor 402 includes a housing 404, a fluid inlet 405 of the
housing, at least one vent 406 or fluid outlet port of the housing,
and an element 410A within the housing 404. The pressure sensor 402
may use the element 410A to measure a pressure of a fluid
introduced in the fluid inlet, as described in more detail below.
Elements with like reference numerals of FIGS. 4A and 4B as
compared with those of FIGS. 1A and 1B may have similar features,
behaviors and/or materials.
The housing 404 includes a first inner wall 411 and a second inner
wall 412, which may be similar to the first inner wall 111 and the
second inner wall 112 of FIG. 1A, respectively. The first inner
wall 411 and the second inner wall 412 form a chamber 413. Within
the chamber 413 is the element 410A. The element 410A has
electrodes 420A, 430A, and piezoresistive material forming at least
one resistor 440A between the electrodes 420A, 430A. The element
410A faces the first inner wall 411. In an additional embodiment,
within the chamber 413 may be an element 410B. The element 410B may
have electrodes 420B, 430B, and piezoresistive material forming at
least one resistor 440B between the electrodes 420B, 430B. The
resistor 440B, and the electrodes 420B, 430B may be on the side of
the element 410B that faces the second inner wall 412.
In an embodiment, the inlet 405 of the housing 404 may be oriented
such that the flow of the entering fluid is parallel to a plane of
the element 410A and/or 410B. In an embodiment, the inlet 405 of
the housing 404 may be oriented such that the fluid inlet is
fluidically coupled with the portion of the chamber 413 that is
between the element 410A and the element 410B. The first electrode
420A, the second electrode 430A, the first electrode 420B, and the
second electrode 430B may each extend from the pressure sensor 402
as output connections 425A, 435A, 425B, 435B, respectively, to
couple with the control system 403.
The elements 410A, 410B may be a polymer element. The elements
410A, 410B may be a pre-formed plastic part. The elements 410A,
410B may be substantially rigid in a stored position. One or both
of the elements 410A, 410B may be curved in a stored position. At
least one of the first and second elements 410A, 410B may deflect
from a stored position to an active position upon applied pressure
into the fluid inlet.
The first and second elements 410A, 410B may deflect in opposite
directions in response to applied pressure into the fluid inlet.
The piezoresistance of the elements 410A, 410B may be indirectly
proportional, in that when one increases the other may decrease.
The first element 410A may move up and the resistance of the first
element 410A may increase proportionally. At about the same time,
the second element 410B may move down and the resistance of the
second element 410B may decrease proportionally.
The housing 404 may include a first stopper 450 associated with the
element 410A and a second stopper 455 associated with the element
410B. The first stopper 450 may include the surface area of the
inner wall 411, and the second stopper 455 may include the surface
area of the inner wall 412. In an embodiment, a means for
protecting the pressure sensor device from being damaged includes
substantially protecting at least one of the element 410A and
element 410B using at least one of the first stopper 450 and the
second stopper 455. The top and bottom stoppers may protect the
device against accidental very high pressure that may destroy the
device and/or push the two elements over their respective elastic
limits of the material, thereby inducing a permanent
deformation.
In an embodiment, the resistor 440A of the element 410A includes a
first resistor R1t on a first half of the element 410A, and a
second resistor R2t on a second half of the element 410A. In an
embodiment, the resistor 440B of the element 410B includes a first
resistor R1b on a first half of the element 410B, and a second
resistor R2b on a second half of the element 410B. R1t may
correspond to R1b and R2t may correspond to R2b in location on the
respective element, material, thickness and behavior.
FIG. 5 illustrates a bridge configuration 500 of an example
pressure sensor according to an embodiment. Wheatstone bridge
designs may use strain-sensitive resistors strategically placed on
a diaphragm, such that the resistance increases proportionally to
the strain change. The bridge configuration may apply to the
embodiments of FIGS. 3A, 3B and/or FIGS. 4A, 4B. The resistors R1t,
R1b, R2b, and R2t may be arranged into a fully active bridge with
two increasing and two decreasing in resistance, as shown.
Piezoresistive bridges may produce over sixty times more signal
than foil gauges for the same applied pressure. In the illustrated
embodiments, sensitivity and linearity may be maximized. The
illustrated bridge configuration may be used for dynamic flow
pressure applications for both fluid inlet and fluid outlet. The
embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 can be serially introduced into
the fluid stream, measuring the dynamic evolution of the
process.
FIG. 6 illustrates a process 600 to calculate an applied pressure
according to an example embodiment.
At block 610, pressure is applied at the housing inlet 105 with a
fluid pressure.
At block 620, a polymer element having a piezoresistor is
deflected. The polymer element may be a polymer diaphragm and/or
may be a pre-formed plastic part.
At block 630, a variation in a resistance of the polymer portion is
induced, in proportion to the applied pressure.
At block 640, the variation in resistance is measured to calculate
the applied pressure. Measuring the variation in resistance may
include measuring a voltage difference between electrodes
associated with the polymer element.
Each of the FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A illustrate at least one fluid
inlet and at least one vent. The devices of the illustrated
embodiments may be used in vacuum applications and/or in pressure
differential applications using the vents as reference inlets.
One skilled in the art will recognize that other configurations are
available and other methods of manufacture may function as well
without exceeding the scope of the disclosed subject matter.
While particular embodiments have been illustrated and described,
they are merely examples and a person skilled in the art may make
variations and modifications to the embodiments described herein
without departing from the spirit and scope of the presently
disclosed subject matter.
* * * * *