U.S. patent number 7,412,880 [Application Number 11/549,142] was granted by the patent office on 2008-08-19 for device and method for screening a plant population for wind damage resistance traits.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.. Invention is credited to Roberto Barreiro, Lori Carrigan, Mohammadreza Ghaffarzadeh, Daniel M. Goldman, Michael E. Hartman, David L. Johnson, Loren Steenhoek.
United States Patent |
7,412,880 |
Barreiro , et al. |
August 19, 2008 |
Device and method for screening a plant population for wind damage
resistance traits
Abstract
A device and method for applying a wind force to a plurality of
plants in an agricultural environment is provided to screen for
selected wind-resistance traits in the plurality of plants. In one
embodiment of the present invention, a device is provided including
a generating device for creating a moving fluid stream to provide
the wind force, a directing device, such as a duct and/or movable
vane, for precisely and selectively directing the wind force
towards a portion of at least one plant, and a controller for
adjusting one or more parameters of the fluid stream. The device
and/or method embodiments of the present invention may thus be used
to selectively apply the wind force to one or more plants (or
portions thereof) such that the plants may be evaluated with
respect to one or more wind-resistant physical characteristics.
Inventors: |
Barreiro; Roberto (Johnston,
IA), Carrigan; Lori (Spicer, MN), Ghaffarzadeh;
Mohammadreza (El Macero, CA), Goldman; Daniel M. (Des
Moines, IA), Hartman; Michael E. (Des Moines, IA),
Johnson; David L. (Johnston, IA), Steenhoek; Loren
(Grimes, IA) |
Assignee: |
Pioneer Hi-Bred International,
Inc. (Johnston, IA)
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Family
ID: |
37651119 |
Appl.
No.: |
11/549,142 |
Filed: |
October 13, 2006 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20070125155 A1 |
Jun 7, 2007 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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60739626 |
Nov 23, 2005 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
73/170.07;
73/170.15; 73/170.01 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01G
13/08 (20130101); A01G 7/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01G
13/08 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;73/170.07,170.01,170.15 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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2 777 738 |
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Oct 1999 |
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FR |
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2004052709 |
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Feb 2004 |
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JP |
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Primary Examiner: Allen; Andre J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Alston & Bird LLP
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application
No. 60/739,626, filed Nov. 23, 2005, which is incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A device for applying a wind force to a plurality of plants in
an agricultural environment, the device adapted to be carried by a
vehicle for moving the device relative to the plurality of plants,
the device comprising: a generating device carried by the vehicle
for generating a moving fluid stream providing the wind force; a
directing device in fluid communication with said generating device
for directing the moving fluid stream towards a portion of at least
one of the plurality of plants; and a controller in communication
with said generating device and said directing device for
controlling at least one parameter of the moving fluid stream,
wherein said generating device is configured for generating the
moving fluid stream such that the at least one of the plurality of
plants may be evaluated with respect to a wind-resistant physical
characteristic.
2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the generating device
comprises at least one of: a turbine; a fan; a propeller; an
impeller device; and combinations thereof.
3. A device according to claim 1, wherein the generating device is
further adapted to be capable of generating the moving fluid stream
intermittently at a pulse frequency.
4. A device according to claim 1, wherein the directing device
comprises a duct configured to direct the moving fluid stream from
an outlet of the directing device towards the portion of at least
one of the plurality of plants.
5. A device according to claim 4, wherein the duct further
comprises at least one movable vane for adjusting the at least one
parameter of the moving fluid stream.
6. A device according to claim 4, wherein the duct defines at least
one outlet aperture, device further comprising at least one
air-permeable barrier operably engaged with the duct and defining a
plurality of openings configured to subdivide the outlet aperture
so as to adjust the at least one parameter of the moving fluid
stream.
7. A device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one
parameter comprises at least one of: a velocity of the moving fluid
stream; a direction of the moving fluid stream; a height of the
moving fluid stream; a pulse frequency of the moving fluid stream;
and combinations thereof.
8. A device according to claim 1, further comprising a locator
device in communication with said controller for locating a
geographical location of at least one of the plurality of plants so
as to map the geographical location of the application of the
simulated wind force within the agricultural environment.
9. A device according to claim 1, further comprising a memory
device in communication with said controller for storing at least
one of: a geographical location of at least one of the plurality of
plants; a geographical location of the application of the simulated
wind force; the at least one parameter of the moving fluid stream;
an environmental condition; a characteristic of at least one of the
plurality of plants; and combinations thereof.
10. A device according to claim 1, wherein said controller
comprises at least one of: a personal computer; a microprocessor;
and combinations thereof.
11. A device according to claim 1, further comprising an adjustable
subframe operably engaged between said generating device, said
directing device, said controller, and the vehicle, wherein said
adjustable subframe may be raised or lowered in relation to the
vehicle such that said generating device, said directing device and
said controller may be raised and lowered in relation to the
plurality of plants.
12. A device according to claim 11, wherein said controller is in
communication with said adjustable subframe for controlling said
adjustable subframe such that said generating device, said
directing device and said controller may be raised and lowered in
relation to the plurality of plants.
13. A device according to claim 1, wherein the wind-resistant
physical characteristic is at least one of: a root lodging factor;
a stalk lodging factor; a brittle stem break factor; and
combinations thereof.
14. A device for applying a wind force to a plurality of plants in
an agricultural environment comprising: a vehicle for moving the
device relative to the plurality of plants; a generating device
carried by the vehicle for generating a moving fluid stream
providing the wind force; a directing device in fluid communication
with said generating device for directing the moving fluid stream
towards a portion of at least one of the plurality of plants; a
controller in communication with said generating device and said
directing device for controlling at least one parameter of the
moving fluid stream such that the at least one of the plurality of
plants may be evaluated with respect to a wind-resistant physical
characteristic.
15. A device according to claim 14, wherein said vehicle is at
least one of: a tractor; a tracked vehicle; a trailer; a combine; a
four-wheel drive vehicle; and combinations thereof.
16. A device according to claim 14, wherein said vehicle further
comprises: a frame operably engaged with said generating device,
said directing device and said controller, said frame comprising
two sides; at least two parallel rolling elements extending
downward from the corresponding two sides of said frame such that
said frame may be supported above the plurality of plants.
17. A device according to claim 16, wherein said at least two
parallel rolling elements comprise at least one of: wheels; wheel
and track assemblies; and combinations thereof.
18. A device according to claim 16, wherein said vehicle further
comprises: a cab, operably engaged with said frame, for housing an
operator; at least one motor, operably engaged with said frame, for
moving the vehicle relative to the power of the plants; a plurality
of height adjustment devices operably engaged between said frame
and said at least two parallel rolling elements such that said
frame may be raised or lowered above a maximum height of the
plurality of plants.
19. A device according to claim 18, wherein said plurality of
height adjustment devices comprise at least one of: hydraulic
actuators; pneumatic actuators; and combinations thereof.
20. A device according to claim 18, wherein said controller is in
communication with said plurality of height adjustment devices for
controlling said plurality of height adjustment devices such that
said frame may be raised or lowered above a maximum height of the
plurality of plants.
21. A device according to claim 16, wherein said frame further
comprises an adjustable subframe operably engaged between said
generating device, said directing device, said controller, and said
frame, wherein said adjustable subframe may be raised or lowered in
relation to said frame such that said generating device, said
directing device and said controller may be raised and lowered in
relation to the plurality of plants.
22. A device according to claim 21, wherein said controller is in
communication with said adjustable subframe for controlling said
adjustable subframe such that said generating device, said
directing device and said controller may be raised and lowered in
relation to the plurality of plants.
23. A device according to claim 14, wherein the generating device
comprises at least one of: a turbine; a fan; a propeller; an
impeller device; and combinations thereof.
24. A device according to claim 14, wherein the generating device
is further adapted to be capable of generating the moving fluid
stream intermittently at a pulse frequency.
25. A device according to claim 14, wherein the directing device
comprises a duct configured to direct the moving fluid stream from
an outlet of the directing device towards the portion of at least
one of the plurality of plants.
26. A device according to claim 14, wherein the duct further
comprises at least one movable vane for adjusting the at least one
parameter of the moving fluid stream.
27. A device according to claim 25, wherein the duct defines at
least one outlet aperture, device further comprising at least one
air-permeable barrier operably engaged with the duct and defining a
plurality of openings configured to subdivide the outlet aperture
so as to adjust the at least one parameter of the moving fluid
stream.
28. A device according to claim 14, wherein the at least one
parameter comprises at least one of: a velocity of the moving fluid
stream; a direction of the moving fluid stream; a height of the
moving fluid stream; a pulse frequency of the moving fluid stream;
and combinations thereof.
29. A device according to claim 14, further comprising a locator
device in communication with said controller for locating a
geographical location of at least one of the plurality of plants so
as to map the geographical location of the application of the
simulated wind force within the agricultural environment.
30. A device according to claim 14, further comprising a memory
device in communication with said controller for storing at least
one of: a geographical location of at least one of the plurality of
plants; a geographical location of the application of the simulated
wind force; the at least one parameter of the moving fluid stream;
an environmental condition; a characteristic of at least one of the
plurality of plants; and combinations thereof.
31. A device according to claim 14, wherein said controller
comprises at least one of: a personal computer; a microprocessor;
and combinations thereof.
32. A device according to claim 14, wherein the wind-resistant
physical characteristic is at least one of: a root lodging factor;
a stalk lodging factor; a brittle stem break factor; and
combinations thereof.
33. A method for applying a wind force to a plurality of plants in
an agricultural environment, the method comprising: generating a
moving fluid stream providing the wind force; directing the moving
fluid stream towards a portion of at least one of the plurality of
plants; controlling at least one parameter of the moving fluid
stream; and evaluating at least one of the plurality of plants with
respect to a wind-resistant physical characteristic.
34. A method according to claim 33, further comprising providing a
generating device adapted to be capable of being carried by a
vehicle for generating the moving fluid stream, a directing device
in fluid communication with said generating device for directing
the moving fluid stream; and a controller in communication with
said generating device and said directing device for controlling at
least one parameter of the moving fluid stream.
35. A method according to claim 34, further comprising moving the
generating device, the directing device, and the controller
relative to the plurality of plants.
36. A method according to claim 35, further comprising providing a
vehicle for carrying the generating device, the directing device,
and the controller such that the generating device, the directing
device, and the controller may be moved relative to the plurality
of plants.
37. A method according to claim 33, wherein the generating step
further comprises generating the moving fluid stream intermittently
at a pulse frequency.
38. A method according to claim 34, wherein the directing step
further comprises actuating at least one movable vane for adjusting
the at least one parameter of the moving fluid stream.
39. A method according to claim 33, wherein the controlling step
comprises controlling at least one parameter selected from at least
one of: a velocity of the moving fluid stream; a direction of the
moving fluid stream; a height of the moving fluid stream; a pulse
frequency of the moving fluid stream; and combinations thereof.
40. A method according to claim 33, further comprising locating a
geographical location of at least one of the plurality of plants so
as to map the geographical location of the application of the
simulated wind force within the agricultural environment.
41. A method according to claim 33, further comprising storing at
least one of: a geographical location of at least one of the
plurality of plants; a geographical location of the application of
the simulated wind force; the at least one parameter of the moving
fluid stream; an environmental condition; a characteristic of at
least one of the plurality of plants; and combinations thereof.
42. A method according to claim 34, wherein said providing step
further comprises providing an adjustable subframe operably engaged
between said generating device, said directing device, and said
controller, the method further comprising adjusting a height of the
adjustable subframe in relation to the vehicle such that said
generating device, said directing device and said controller may be
raised and lowered in relation to the plurality of plants.
43. A method according to claim 42, wherein said controlling step
further comprises controlling said adjustable subframe such that
said generating device, said directing device, and said controller
may be raised and lowered in relation to the plurality of
plants.
44. A method according to claim 33, wherein the wind-resistant
physical characteristic is at least one of: a root lodging factor;
a stalk lodging factor; a brittle stem break factor; and
combinations thereof.
45. A method according to claim 33, further comprising determining
if the at least one of the plurality of plants exhibits the wind
resistant physical characteristic.
46. A method according to claim 33, further comprising selecting
the at least one of the plurality of plants for the wind resistant
physical characteristic.
47. A method according to claim 46, wherein the selecting step
further comprises comparing the wind resistant physical trait of
the at least one of the plurality of plants to a known wind
resistant physical trait of at least one reference plant.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to a device and method for
screening crop plants for stalk strength, root lodging, and/or
other wind damage resistance traits by selectively applying wind
forces to stands of plants in an agricultural environment. More
particularly the device and method of the present invention allows
for the selective application of measured forced air streams to a
plant in order to identify, from a plant population being
cultivated in an agricultural environment, plants that may be more
tolerant or unacceptably susceptible to damage from selected wind
conditions. Embodiments of the present invention may also allow for
the precise application of simulated wind conditions on a group,
row, and/or other plant grouping so as to screen the plant grouping
for individual plant phenotypes that may be resistant to a selected
type of wind-induced damage.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Some crop plants, such as corn, are often grown on flat, open
agricultural plots that are especially susceptible to potentially
damaging winds. There are a number of different failure mechanisms
by which plants may be injured or perish when subjected to damaging
winds. For example, it is known that in some regions of the world,
such as in the western plains of the United States, corn plants are
subjected to violent thunderstorms with wind gusts that sometimes
result in the sudden breakage of the stalks at the nodes of corn
plants (brittle snap). Furthermore, more geographically-widespread
failure mechanisms for crop plants, such as corn, include: a lack
of adequate root strength (root lodging); a lack of adequate
abiotic stalk strength (stalk lodging); and/or a lack of disease
resistance in order to withstand strong wind events. Other crops
including soybeans, forages, sorghum and small grains are also
susceptible to wind events which limit harvestable yields for
farmers. Agricultural researchers have, for many years, sought to
selectively breed plants having a variety of desirable standability
characteristics including, for example, resistance to damage from
harsh environmental conditions, such as damaging winds which occur
in the presence or absence of thunderstorms during the plants'
growing season.
While much research has been performed to study and document the
natural occurrence of stalk failure, root lodging failures, and
brittle snap in a variety of different crop plants, there has been
little emphasis on the development of devices and methods for
precisely applying simulated wind forces to crop plants in an
agricultural environment to more accurately screen for
wind-resistance traits in such crop plants. The general application
of wind machines in an agricultural environment is known for
preventing frost damage to vulnerable crops, such as citrus trees.
Such wind machines, however, are often positioned to circulate warm
air lying above the height of the crop plants and above the thermal
inversions that tend to cause frost conditions and are unsuitable
for generating moving air streams to exert simulated wind forces on
plants. The primary use for wind on agricultural crops has been the
delivery of herbicides and pesticides to control weeds or insects
with sprayers. Furthermore, some experiments have been performed to
subject crops to wind forces in order to assess overall wind
resistance. For example, the assignee of the present invention has
utilized an aircraft engine and propeller assembly to exert wind
forces on a row of plants being cultivated in a field. While the
engine and propeller assembly may be used to roughly ascertain the
strength of the plants' root system in the face of constant gale
force (70 miles per hour, for example) wind (by measuring how far
down the row that individual plants were uprooted and/or blown
over), the engine and propeller assembly does not enable an
operator to effectively replicate highly variable wind forces that
occur in storms and may lead to brittle snap, lodging, and other
crop plant standability failure mechanisms. Thus, while some data
exists to suggest what types of subtle changes in wind forces may
induce brittle snap, stem, stalk, and/or root failure, no device or
method is known for accurately reproducing wind forces for
selecting plants in the field that may be resistant to such forces.
The precise generation and application of wind forces having a
variety of variable parameters is crucial for identifying and
selecting individual plants that are particularly resistant to
failure in response to an applied wind force. Accurate selection of
such individuals may be important for hybridization and/or
genotyping activities in the pursuit of more wind-resistant crop
varieties.
Thus in order to facilitate the application of wind forces to a
plant population for the precise identification of individual
plants that may be resistant to failure mechanisms that are linked
to wind forces having specific parameters, there is a need in the
art for a device and method that allows for generation of wind
forces and the control of the parameters of such forces as they are
applied to crop plants in an agricultural environment. Furthermore,
there exists a need for a device that is reliably operable and
mobile in a variety of agricultural environments such as muddy
fields, mature cornfields, and other environments. There also
exists a need for a device that may be capable of mapping and/or
storing the location of the application of wind forces having
specific parameters. There further exists a need for a device that
may be quickly and efficiently advanced through a field that may
contain a variety of research plots containing a corresponding
variety of crop plant hybrids.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The embodiments of the present invention satisfy the needs listed
above and provide other advantages as described below. Embodiments
of the present invention may include a device for applying a
measurable and uniform wind force to a plurality of plants in an
agricultural environment. According to some embodiments, the device
may be adapted to be carried by a vehicle for moving the device
relative to the plurality of plants. In some embodiments, the
device itself may also comprise a specialized vehicle for moving
the various device components relative to the plurality of plants.
In some embodiments, the device comprises a generating device
carried by the vehicle for generating a moving fluid stream
providing the wind force; a directing device in fluid communication
with the generating device for directing the moving fluid stream
toward a portion of at least one of the plants; and a controller in
communication with the generating and directing devices for
controlling at least one parameter of the moving fluid stream.
Thus, using the various embodiments of the present invention, at
least one of the plurality of plants may be evaluated with respect
to a wind-resistant physical characteristic (such as superior stem,
root lodging, and brittle snap characteristics).
In various device embodiments of the present invention, the
generating device may comprise at least one of: a turbine, a fan, a
propeller, an impeller device, and/or a combination of such
generating devices. Furthermore in some device embodiments, the
generating device may be adapted to be capable of providing and
intermittent and/or pulsed fluid stream at a selected pulse
frequency. The directing device of the present invention may
comprise, in some embodiments, a duct configured to direct the
moving fluid stream from an outlet of the directing device towards
a selected portion of at least one of the plurality of plants (such
as the upper stem, and or root/stem interface).
In some such embodiments, the duct may further comprise at least
one movable vane for adjusting at least one parameter of the moving
fluid stream. According to some additional embodiments, the duct
may define at least one outlet aperture. In such embodiments, the
device may further comprise at least one air-permeable barrier
operably engaged with the duct, wherein the barrier defines a
plurality of openings configured to subdivide the outlet aperture
so as to adjust the at least one parameter of the moving fluid
stream. The parameters of the moving fluid stream generated,
directed, and/or controlled by embodiments of the present invention
may include, but are not limited to: a velocity of the moving fluid
stream; a direction of the moving fluid stream; a height of the
moving fluid stream; angle of the fluid stream; a pulse frequency
of the moving fluid stream; plant exposure time to the fluid
stream; and combinations of the parameters listed above.
According to other device embodiments of the present invention, the
device may further comprise a locator device in communication with
the controller for locating a geographical location of at least one
of the plurality of plants in order to map the location of the
application of a particular simulated wind force within the
agricultural environment. Furthermore, the device embodiments of
the present invention may also comprise a memory device in
communication with said controller for storing data related to the
applied wind force and the agricultural environment. Such data may
include, but is not limited to: a geographical location of at least
one of the plurality of plants; a parameter of the moving fluid
stream; a characteristic (such as species, hybrid designation, or
genetically-modified organism (GMO) designation) of at least one of
the plurality of plants; and/or a combination of such data types.
Furthermore, according to some device embodiments, the controller
of the present invention may comprise a personal computer,
microprocessor, and/or combinations thereof.
As described generally above, some device embodiments of the
present invention may also comprise a specialized vehicle for
moving the device relative to the plurality of plants. According to
some embodiments, the vehicle may comprise at least one of: a
tractor; a tracked vehicle; a cart adapted to be advanced on one or
more rails; a combine; a four-wheel drive vehicle; a trailer;
and/or combinations thereof. Furthermore, the vehicle may comprise
a frame operably engaged with the generating device, the directing
device and the controller, and at least two parallel rolling
elements extending downward from the sides of the frame such that
said frame may be supported above the plurality of plants as the
vehicle is moved relative to the plants. The rolling elements may
comprise, for example, wheels, wheel and track assemblies, and
combinations of these or other rolling elements. In some other
embodiments, the vehicle may also comprise a cab operably engaged
with the frame for housing an operator, at least one motor operably
engaged with the frame for moving the vehicle relative to the
plants, and a plurality of height adjustment devices operably
engaged between the frame and the at least two parallel rolling
elements such that the frame may be raised or lowered above a
maximum height of the plurality of plants. The height adjustment
devices may comprise, in various embodiments, hydraulic actuators,
pneumatic actuators, and/or combinations of such devices. Some
device embodiments may also comprise an adjustable subframe
operably engaged between the generating device, the directing
device, the controller, and the frame, wherein the adjustable
subframe may be raised or lowered in relation to the frame such
that the fluid stream generating, directing, and controlling
components of the present invention may be raised and lowered in
relation to the plurality of plants. According to various device
embodiments, the controller of the present invention may be in
communication with the plurality of height adjustment devices
and/or the adjustable subframe for controlling the height and/or
configuration of the frame and/or subframe.
The embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for
applying a wind force to a plurality of plants in an agricultural
environment such that the plants may be evaluated with respect to a
wind-resistant physical characteristic, such as, for example,
resistance to stalk brittle snap and positive stalk and root
lodging characteristics. One method embodiment of the present
invention comprises the following steps: generating a moving fluid
stream providing a wind force; directing the moving fluid stream
towards a portion of at least one of a plurality of plants; and
controlling at least one parameter of the moving fluid stream such
that the at least one of the plurality of plants may be evaluated
with respect to a wind-resistant physical characteristic.
Furthermore, the method embodiments of the present invention may
also comprise providing device components for performing the method
steps outlined above, such as, for example, providing a generating
device adapted to be capable of being carried by a vehicle for
generating the moving fluid stream, providing a directing device in
fluid communication with said generating device for directing the
moving fluid stream, and providing a controller in communication
with said generating device and said directing device for
controlling at least one parameter of the moving fluid stream. Some
method embodiments of the present invention may further comprise
moving the provided generating device, directing device, and
controller relative to the plurality of plants. Additional method
embodiments further comprise providing a vehicle for carrying the
generating device, the directing device, and the controller such
that the generating device, the directing device, and the
controller may be moved relative to the plurality of plants.
According to some method embodiments, the generating step further
comprises generating the moving fluid stream intermittently at a
pulse frequency. Furthermore, in some method embodiments, the
directing step may further comprise actuating at least one movable
vane for adjusting the at least one parameter of the moving fluid
stream. The controlling step of the present invention may, in some
method embodiments, comprise controlling various parameters of the
moving fluid stream, which may include, but are not limited to: a
velocity of the moving fluid stream; a direction of the moving
fluid stream; a height of the moving fluid stream; angle of the
fluid stream; a pulse frequency of the moving fluid stream; plant
exposure time to the fluid stream; and combinations of the listed
parameters.
Some method embodiments of the present invention further comprise
locating a geographical location of at least one of the plurality
of plants so as to map the application of the simulated wind force
within the agricultural environment. Other method embodiments may
also comprise storing data related to the application of the wind
force, including, for example, a geographical location of at least
one of the plurality of plants, at least one parameter of the
moving fluid stream, a characteristic of at least one of the
plurality of plants, and/or combinations of such data.
Thus the various embodiments of the device and method of the
present invention provide many advantages that may include, but are
not limited to: providing a device for generating a precisely
controllable fluid stream that provides a simulated wind force that
may be applied efficiently to a variety of different plants and
plant groupings in a working agricultural research environment,
providing a generating device, directing device, and controller for
replicating wind conditions that are known to produce certain types
of plant failure in commercial agricultural environments in order
to be better capable of selecting individual plants exhibiting
resistance to such failure modes, and providing the capability of
tracking, logging, and/or mapping the application of complex wind
forces within an agricultural environment (such as a research plot
including stands of various plant hybrids and/or varieties). Some
embodiments of the system and method of the present invention
provide the added advantage of providing a specialized vehicle for
quickly and efficiently applying precisely controllable simulated
wind forces to a variety of crop plants in difficult agricultural
environments, including, for example, wet, muddy fields, and tall
mature stands of corn plants.
These advantages, and others that will be evident to those skilled
in the art, are provided in the system, method, and computer
program product of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference
will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not
necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the
device of the present invention including a generating device,
directing device, and controller.
FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a plurality of generating
devices carried by a subframe assembly according to one embodiment
of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the device embodiment of the
present invention, including a vehicle for advancing the generating
device, directing device, and controller relative to a plurality of
plants in an agricultural environment.
FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a directing device according to
one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an angled directing device
according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of one device embodiment of the
present invention including a vehicle, wherein the vehicle frame
height is in a lowered configuration.
FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of one device embodiment of the
present invention including a vehicle, wherein the vehicle frame
height is in a raised configuration.
FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of one device embodiment of the
present invention including a vehicle, wherein the subframe is in a
raised "travel-ready" configuration relative to the vehicle
frame.
FIG. 9 shows a flow diagram of one embodiment of the method of the
present invention including generating, directing, and controlling
steps.
FIG. 10 shows a flow diagram of one embodiment of the method of the
present invention further comprising providing a generating device,
directing device, and controller for performing the various method
steps.
FIG. 11 shows a flow diagram of one embodiment of the method of the
present invention further comprising a step for moving the
generating device, directing device, and controller relative to a
plurality of plants.
FIG. 12 shows a flow diagram of one embodiment of the method of the
present invention further comprising a step for locating a
geographical location of at least one of the plurality of
plants.
FIG. 13 shows a flow diagram of one embodiment of the method of the
present invention further comprising a step for storing data
related to at least one of the plurality of plants and/or one or
more parameters of the applied wind force.
FIG. 14 shows a side view of one device embodiment of the present
invention including a cart capable of being advanced on one or more
rails relative to a plurality of plants.
FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of one device embodiment of the
present invention including a trailer and an offset frame for
suspending the device relative to a plurality of plants.
FIG. 16 shows a side view of one device embodiment of present
invention including an assembly for suspending the device relative
to a plurality of plants relative to an overhead frame and/or
suspension line.
FIG. 17 shows an example of an air-permeable barrier that may be
operably engaged with a duct defined by a directing device
according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 shows an example of experimental results used to
characterize one or more of a plurality of plants with respect to a
wind-resistant physical characteristic according to one embodiment
of the present invention.
FIG. 19 shows a flow diagram of one embodiment of the method of the
present invention including generating, directing, controlling, and
separating steps.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present inventions now will be described more fully hereinafter
with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not
all embodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, these
inventions may be embodied in many different forms and should not
be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein;
rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will
satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like
elements throughout.
While the embodiments of the present invention are described below
in the context of an agricultural environment for growing maize
plants in rows defining row axes, it should be understood that the
embodiments of the present invention may also be used to apply wind
forces to other types of plants, which may be cultivated in a
variety of configurations and environments. For example, in some
embodiments, the device of the present invention may be used to
apply wind forces and evaluate wind resistance in a variety of
plant species, including, but not limited to: soybeans, forages,
small grains, grasses, oil seeds, sorghum, and any other
agricultural plants. For example, some embodiments of the present
invention may be used to evaluate wind resistance and/or positive
standability characteristics in crop plants that may include, but
are not limited to: corn, alfalfa, sunflower, Brassica, soybean,
cotton, safflower, peanut, sorghum, wheat, millet, tobacco, rice,
barley, oats, wheat, sorghum, rye, and sugarcane.
In addition, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the
methods of the present invention may also be used to characterize,
identify, catalog, and map wind resistance traits of a variety of
different plants that may include a variety of crops, native
plants, invasive plant species, and or other plants cultivated
and/or present in an agricultural environment that may be subject
to damage and/or destruction when exposed to specific types of wind
forces. It should also be understood that the embodiments of the
present invention may be used to apply wind forces to subject one
or more plants to a drying air flow so as to simulate drought
conditions. Furthermore, some embodiments of the present invention
may also be used to apply wind forces to subject one or more plants
to remove boundary-layer forming residue and/or moisture from a
plant and/or group of plants being cultivated in an agricultural
environment. Furthermore, while embodiments of the present
invention are described below in the context of an "exhaling" fluid
stream that is directed outward from the directing device 120, some
embodiments of the present invention may also generate apply a wind
force to a plurality of plants in an agricultural environment by
drawing air into the directing device 120 (i.e., applying a vacuum
force, for example).
FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the device 100 of the present
invention for applying a wind force to a plurality of plants in an
agricultural environment, such as a research plot. In some
embodiments, the device comprises at least a generating device 110,
directing device 120, and a controller 130 for controlling the
operation of the device 100. The device 100 may be adapted to be
carried by a vehicle 300 (see FIG. 3, for example) for moving the
device 100 relative to the plants 325, which may be planted and
cultivated generally in a plurality of rows. As shown generally in
FIG. 3, the device 100 (and vehicle 300) may be advanced in a first
direction 360 which may be generally parallel to one or more rows
of plants 325 that may be cultivated in a research plot. Using a
directing device 120 (and the movable vanes 121, 122 provided in
some embodiments thereof, as described more fully below), the
device 100 may be capable of precisely directing a moving fluid
stream (such as an air and/or liquid stream creating a
corresponding wind force simulating a naturally-occurring wind
event, for example) towards one or more of the plants 325 as the
device 100 (and/or vehicle 300) is advanced in the first direction
360. Thus, at least one of the plurality of plants 325 may be
evaluated with respect to a wind-resistant physical characteristic
by determining which individual plants resist a particular type of
plant failure mechanism. According to various embodiments of the
present invention, the device 100 of the present invention may be
utilized to evaluate one or more wind-resistant physical
characteristics, which include, but are not limited to: a root
lodging factor; a stalk lodging factor; a brittle stem break
factor; and other plant characteristics that may be indicative of a
particular resistance and/or susceptibility to wind-induced damage
or failure.
Various embodiments of the device 100 of the present invention may
thus be used for implementing method steps for selecting at least
one of the plurality of plants for a particular wind resistant
physical characteristic. Furthermore, as described further herein,
such a selecting step may further comprise comparing the wind
resistant physical trait of the at least one of the plurality of
plants to a known wind resistant physical trait of at least one
reference plant (for example, a plant hybrid or genetically
modified organism (GMO) that is known to exhibit an average wind
resistant physical trait). For example, as shown generally in FIG.
18, such reference plants may comprise reference hybrids with below
average (PBA), average (PA) and above average (PAA), respectively,
predicted brittle snap strength based on a number of data points
collected after natural brittle events in the past 10 years. EXP01,
EXP02, EXP03, and EXP04, and EXP05 represent at least one of a
plurality of experimental plant hybrids which may be characterized
for their brittle snap strength in comparison to the reference
plants.
According to some embodiments of the present invention the device
100 of the present invention may also be utilized to evaluate one
or more specific wind-resistant physical characteristics including,
but not limited to: an early season root lodging factor, a late
season root lodging factor, and plant standability characteristics
as affected by selected insect pests and/or selected disease types.
Early season root lodging is defined as root lodging which occurs
prior to or at anthesis. Late season root lodging is root lodging
which occurs post anthesis through flowering. Stalk lodging in corn
can be caused by a number of diseases that may include but are not
limited to: Anthracnose stalk rot caused by Colletotrichum
graminicola, Fusarium stalk rot caused by Fusarium moniliforme,
Diplodia stalk rot caused by Diplodia maydis, Gibberella stalk rot
caused by Gibberella zeae. Furthermore, some insects infest and
burrow into plant stalks and can cause lodging. Such insect pests
may include, but are not limited to: Black cutworm (Agrotis
ipsilon), Common stalk borer (Papaipema nebris), European corn
borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), and Wireworms (Limonius spp.).
Furthermore, some insects that may infest and burrow in the roots,
possibly causing root lodging can include: Rootworms (Diabrotica
spp.) and White grubs (Phyllophaga spp.).
As shown generally in FIG. 1, the device 100, in one embodiment,
comprises a generating device 110 carried by the vehicle for
generating a moving fluid stream providing the wind force to
simulate one or more naturally-occurring wind conditions. According
to various embodiments of the present invention, the generating
device 110 may include, but is not limited to: a turbine; a fan; a
propeller; an impeller device; and/or combinations thereof. As
shown generally in FIG. 3 the generating device 110 may comprise a
rotary fan carried on a subframe 200 operably engaged with and/or
carried by a vehicle 300. The frame 310 of the vehicle 300 (as
described more fully below) may, in some embodiments, also carry
one or more engines 340, corresponding to and operably engaged with
the generating devices 110, for powering the generating devices 110
via one or more corresponding drive shafts 345 extending from the
engines 340 to the generating devices 110. In other embodiments,
engines 340 for powering the generating devices 110 may be directly
operably engaged and/or integrated with the generating devices 110
such that each engine 340, generating device 110, and directing
device 120 may be carried by a modular subframe 200 that may be
operably engaged with and/or carried by one or more different types
of vehicles, which may include, but are not limited to: a tracked
vehicle; a combine; a wheeled vehicle; a raised-chassis vehicle;
and/or combinations thereof. Furthermore, as shown generally in
FIG. 2, a plurality of generating devices 110a-d, may be carried by
a subframe 200 that may be operably engaged with a vehicle (see
various vehicle embodiments shown generally in FIGS. 3, 6-8, 14,
and 15) for moving the device 100 relative to the plants. For
example, and as described in further detail below, FIG. 3 shows one
embodiment of a vehicle 300 for carrying a plurality of generating
devices 110 via a subframe 200 that may be suspended above the rows
of plants as the vehicle advances in a first direction 360.
Furthermore, as shown generally in FIG. 15, a trailer 1500 may be
provided with an offset frame 1520 for suspending carrying a
plurality of generating devices 110 via a subframe 200 that may be
suspended from and/or cantilevered from the offset frame 1520 such
that the trailer 1500 may be advanced (via a hitch 1530 connection
to a utility vehicle) relative to a parallel and laterally adjacent
row of plants 325. Therefore, as will be appreciated by one skilled
in the art, some modular device 100 embodiments of the present
invention (as shown generally in FIG. 1) may be carried by a number
of different types of vehicles for advancing the device 100
relative to a variety of plants 325 such that the device 100 may be
used to apply wind forces (simulating, for example,
naturally-occurring wind conditions) to one or more of the
plurality of plants 325 in a controlled research environment, so as
to select individual plants having particular resistance
characteristics to the applied wind force.
As shown in FIG. 1, the device 100 may further comprise a directing
device 120 in fluid communication with the generating device 110
for directing the moving fluid stream towards a portion of at least
one of the plurality of plants. As shown generally in FIG. 1, the
generating device 110 may comprise an outlet 112 (defining a tube
and/or duct, for example) that may be in fluid communication with
the directing device 120, which, in some embodiments may also
define one or more complementary ducts that may be capable of
directing the moving fluid stream and/or splitting the moving fluid
stream so as to direct a selected portion of the moving fluid
stream towards a portion of at least one of the plurality of plants
325. While the ducts 125 defined by the directing device
embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 4, and 5 are generally rectangular in
cross-section, the directing device 120 may also comprise one or
more round and/or oval tubing elements for directing the moving
fluid stream towards a portion of at least one of the plurality of
plants 325.
Furthermore, as shown generally in FIG. 17, the device 100 may
further comprise an air-permeable barrier (such as a screen, for
example) 126 defining a plurality of openings 127a, 127b, 127c.
According to such embodiments, the air-permeable barrier 126 may be
operably engaged with the outlet 112 so as to cover a duct 125
defined thereby such that the plurality of openings 127a, 127b,
127c, are configured to subdivide the rectangular duct 125 aperture
defined by some device 100 embodiments. As one skilled in the art
will appreciate, the relative sizes of the plurality of openings
127a, 127b, 127c defined by the air-permeable barrier 126 may be
tailored to direct the moving fluid stream towards a portion of at
least one of the plurality of plants 325 at a substantially
constant velocity along a vertical dimension of the air-permeable
barrier 126. Furthermore, while FIG. 17 shows the air-permeable
barrier 126 embodied as a screen, it should be understood that the
air-permeable barrier 126 may comprise other types of porous and/or
substantially air-permeable devices including, but not limited to:
sintered metallic material; nonwoven porous material; filter
material; and combinations of such air-permeable barriers.
Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the directing device
120 (and/or a duct 125 defined thereby) may also comprise at least
one movable vane 121, 122 for adjusting at least one parameter of
the moving fluid stream. For example, as shown generally in FIG. 4,
the directing device 120 may comprise a directing vane 121 for
directing the moving fluid stream 410 relative to an outlet of the
directing device 120 such that an angle of the direction of the
fluid stream exiting the directing device 120, relative to the
plane of the outlet of the directing device, may be selectively
modified by a user of the device. For example, as shown generally
in FIG. 4, a directing vane 121 of the directing device 120 may be
adjusted so as to provide a moving fluid stream 420 that may exit
an outlet of the directing device at a selected angle relative to
the direction of travel 360 (see FIG. 3) of the vehicle 300
carrying the directing device 200. The directing vane 121 may be
adjusted to provide a moving fluid stream 420 that may exit an
outlet of the directing device at an angle that may include, but is
not limited to: 0.degree., 5.degree., 10.degree., 15.degree.,
20.degree., 25.degree., 30.degree., 35.degree., 40.degree.,
45.degree., 50.degree., 55.degree., 60.degree., 65.degree.,
70.degree., 75.degree., 80.degree., 85.degree. and 90.degree.. Such
an adjustment may, in some instances allow the directing device 120
to exert a wind force substantially parallel to a plurality of rows
of plants 325 that may extend in corresponding row axes that may be
substantially parallel to the vehicle's direction of travel 360.
Furthermore, in other embodiments, a directing vane 121 of the
directing device 120 may be adjusted so as to provide a moving
fluid stream 430 that may exit an outlet of the directing device
substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel 360 (see
FIG. 3) of the vehicle 300 carrying the directing device 200. Such
an alternate adjustment may allow the directing device 120 to exert
a wind force substantially perpendicular to a plurality of rows of
plants 325 that may extend in corresponding row axes that may be
substantially parallel to the vehicle's direction of travel
360.
According to some embodiments, the directing vane 121 may be
manually adjusted by an operator of the device 100 while the device
100 is not in operation. For example, the directing vane 121 may be
operably engaged with an outlet of the directing device 120 via one
or more fasteners (including, but not limited to: screws, bolts,
and/or other fastener types), that may be loosened such that the
directing vane 121 may be adjusted and releasably fixed at a
selected position such that the moving fluid stream exiting the
directing device 120 may be directed generally parallel (see
element 420) to the direction of travel 360 (see generally FIG. 3)
of the device 100 and/or vehicle 300 configured to carry the device
100. The directing vane 121 may also be adjusted and releasably
fixed at a plurality of alternate positions such that the moving
fluid stream exiting the directing device 120 may be directed at an
angle (such as 90 degrees, as shown generally by the exiting fluid
stream denoted as element 430) relative to the direction of travel
360 (see generally FIG. 3) of the device 100 and/or vehicle 300.
Thus, according to various embodiments of the present invention,
the directing device 120 may be adjusted and/or controlled such to
direct the moving fluid stream (imparting a corresponding wind
force) parallel to the direction of travel 360 of the device 100,
substantially parallel to the direction of travel 360, and/or at a
selected angle relative to the direction of travel 360. Thus, the
movable vanes 121, 122 of the directing device may allow the device
100 of the present invention to direct a simulated wind force
(corresponding to the moving fluid stream generated thereby) down a
row of plants 325, generally perpendicular to a row of plants 325,
and/or at any selected angle relative to a given row of plants 325.
For example, various components of the directing device 120 (such
as, for example, the directing vane 121) may be adjusted to provide
a moving fluid stream 420 that may exit an outlet of the directing
device at an angle that may include, but is not limited to:
0.degree., 5.degree., 10.degree., 15.degree., 20.degree.,
25.degree., 30.degree., 35.degree., 40.degree., 45.degree.,
50.degree., 55.degree., 60.degree., 65.degree., 70.degree.,
75.degree., 80.degree., 85.degree. and 90.degree., relative to a
given row of plants 325.
In other device embodiments of the present invention, the directing
vane 121 may also be controlled and/or actuated remotely while the
device 100 is in operation by a controller 130 (see FIG. 1)
(described in detail below) in communication with an actuator
device 123 that may be capable of rotating the directing vane 121
about an axis that may be disposed generally parallel to a plane of
an outlet of the directing device 120 (see generally, FIGS. 4 and
5). The actuator device 123 may be in communication with the
controller device 130 and be responsive thereto in order change an
angle and/or position of the directing vane 121 relative to an
outlet of the directing device 120. The actuator device 123 may
include, but is not limited to: pneumatic actuators; hydraulic
actuators; electromechanical devices; indexed rotary actuators;
and/or combinations thereof.
As shown in FIG. 4, some device embodiments of the present
invention include a directing device 120 (and/or a duct defined
thereby) that may also comprise at least one shutter vane 122 for
selectively shutting off and/or selectively impeding the flow of
the moving fluid stream that may exit an outlet of the directing
device 120. The shutter vane 122 may, in some embodiments, be
rotatable about an axis that may be disposed generally parallel to
a plane of an outlet of the directing device 120 (see generally,
FIGS. 4 and 5) and such that the shutter vane 122 may be
selectively disposed in an "open" position (such that the moving
fluid stream may exit the directing device 120 and be subsequently
adjusted and/or directed by the directing vane 121 that may be
operably engaged with an outlet of the directing device (as shown
generally in FIGS. 4 and 5). Furthermore, according to some
embodiments, the shutter vane 122 may also be rotated to a "closed"
position to selectively halt the moving fluid stream before the
moving fluid stream exits the directing device.
As described above with respect to the directing vane 121, the
rotation, opening, and/or closing of the shutter vane 122 may be
controlled by a controller device 130 in communication with the
directing device 120. According to some device embodiments, the
controller device 130 may also be in communication with an actuator
device 123 configured to be capable of selectively rotating,
opening, and/or closing the shutter vane 122 in order to control
the exit of the moving fluid stream from the directing device 120.
The actuator device 123 for controlling the shutter vane 122 may be
in communication with and/or supplement a separate actuator device
for controlling the movement and/or rotation of the directing vane
121 such that an operator of the device 100 of the present
invention may, in some embodiments, control (via the controller
130) the moving fluid stream generated by the generating device
100. The actuator devices 123 for controlling the shutter vane 122
may include, but are not limited to: pneumatic actuators; hydraulic
actuators; electromechanical devices; indexed rotary actuators;
and/or combinations thereof. The actuator device 123 may be capable
of rapidly rotating, opening, and/or closing the shutter vane 122
so as to be capable of providing the moving fluid stream (and
directing the moving fluid stream) towards one or more portions of
a plant in a "pulsed" pattern (which may correspond to the opening
of the shutter vane 122). For example, in some embodiments, wherein
the device 100 may be used to evaluate plants 325 for resistance to
"brittle snap," the shutter vane 122 may be actuated to provide a
pulsed moving fluid stream (and corresponding fluid stream) in a
direction substantially parallel to the vehicle 300 travel
direction 360 (and substantially parallel to a row of plants 325)
wherein the exerted wind force is alternatively "on" (corresponding
to an open shutter vane 122) for one second, and "off"
(corresponding to a shut shutter vane 122) for one second.
Thus, the various device 100 embodiments described herein may be
used to precisely control and/or optimize at least one parameter of
the moving fluid stream such that at least one of the plurality of
plants 325 may be evaluated with respect to a wind-resistant
physical characteristic. For example, as described herein, the at
least one parameter controlled by the device 100 may include, but
is not limited to: travel speed of the vehicle 300; pulse frequency
and/or pattern of the moving fluid stream; volume of the moving
fluid stream (e.g. as measured in CFM); and moving fluid stream
delivery angle, height, and/or location relative to a primary ear
attachment site (for maize plants, for example). As described
herein with reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, various embodiments of
the present invention may be used to precisely apply the moving
fluid stream to both reference plants and at least one of a
plurality of experimental plants (such as a potential
wind-resistant hybrid or GMO, for example) and utilizing the
resulting data (such as percentage of plants exhibiting brittle
snap and/or root lodging in a particular row and/or stand) to
evaluate one or more wind-resistant characteristics of a plant.
Furthermore, the device 100 may be used to control one or more
parameters of the applied moving fluid stream in order to optimize
the resolution of the differences between hybrids in differing
performance categories in the reference hybrid sets. For example,
reference hybrid plants may be placed in performance categories
based on the relative strength or failure to perform in natural
storm events collected in a minimum of 3 growing seasons and
meeting a data quality standard according to pre-defined
performance guidelines.
As shown in FIG. 5, some device embodiments of the present
invention may comprise a directing device 120 that defines ducts
having an outlet aperture that is oriented at an acute angle
relative to the outlet 112 of the generating device 110. In such
embodiments, the directing device 120 may be capable of directing
the moving fluid stream generally downward on the plants 325 to
simulate a downward wind force. According to other embodiments of
the present invention, one or more different directing devices 120
(each defining outlet apertures having a variety of different
angles relative to the outlet 112 of the generating device 110) may
be selectively attached to one or more of the generating devices
110. For example, as shown generally in FIGS. 1, 4, and 5, the
directing devices 120 may be releasably attached to the generating
device 110 via a plurality of fasteners (including, for example,
screws, toggle bolts, quick-release pins, and/or other reusable
and/or releasable fasteners) such that an operator of the device
100 may select various types of directing devices 120 for directing
and/or controlling the moving fluid stream generated by the
generating device 110. For example, an operator of the device 100
may select and attach the directing device 120 shown generally in
FIG. 4 for directing the moving fluid stream towards the plants 325
along an axis that is generally parallel to the ground. In another
example, an operator of the device 100 may select and attach the
directing device 120 shown generally in FIG. 5 for directing the
moving fluid stream towards the plants 325 along an axis that
intersects the ground at an acute angle (so as to simulate a
downdraft or other downward wind force that may be exerted on the
plurality of plants 325).
As shown in FIG. 1, the device 100 of the present invention may
also comprise a controller 130 in communication with at least one
of the generating device 110 and the directing device 120
(including, in some examples, the movable vanes 121, 122 and
actuators 123 included therein) for controlling at least one
parameter of the moving fluid stream such that the at least one of
the plurality of plants 325 may be evaluated with respect to a
wind-resistant physical characteristic. For example, according to
some embodiments, the parameters that may be adjusted using the
components of the present device 100 may include, but are not
limited to: a velocity of the moving fluid stream; a direction of
the moving fluid stream; an angle of the moving fluid stream; a
height of the moving fluid stream; a pulse frequency of the moving
fluid stream; and/or combinations of the parameters listed
above.
According to some embodiments, the controller 130 of the present
invention may be in communication, via wired and/or wireless
communication methods, with a generating device 110 of the present
invention to control a velocity of the moving fluid stream
generated thereby. For example, the controller 130 may be in
communication with one or more throttle controls and/or braking
mechanisms corresponding to the engines 340 that may power one or
more of the corresponding generating devices 110. In other
embodiments, the controller 130 may also be capable of selectively
cycling the intensity and/or velocity of the generating devices 110
in order to generate a pulsed and/or oscillatory moving fluid
stream that varies at a selected pulse frequency.
Furthermore, as described in detail above with respect to the
directing devices shown generally in FIGS. 4 and 5 the controller
130 of the present invention may also be in communication (via
wired and/or wireless techniques) with the directing device 120,
movable vanes 121, 122, and/or actuators 123 thereof, for
actuating, rotating, opening, and/or closing at least one of the
directing vane 121 and the shutter vane 122 in order to control
various parameters of the moving fluid stream that may be directed
towards at least a portion of the plurality of plants 325
including, for example, a pulse frequency (corresponding to the
frequency of the opening and/or closing of the shutter vane), a
direction of the moving fluid stream (relative to the direction of
travel 360 of the vehicle 300, for example), and/or an angle of the
moving fluid stream relative to the ground, by controlling one or
more additional movable vanes that may be included as part of the
directing device 120 and controllable via one or more actuators
123.
As described in further detail below with respect to device
embodiments of the present invention further comprising a vehicle
300 for carrying the device 100, the controller 130 may also be in
communication with one or more components of the vehicle for
adjusting at least one of: the speed of the vehicle 300 (as it
advances in a first direction 360 relative to the plurality of
plants 325); the frame 310 height of the vehicle 300 (by
communicating with and/or controlling the one or more height
adjustment devices 350); and/or the position of the subframe 200
relative to the frame 310 of the vehicle 300 (so as to be capable
of converting the vehicle 300 and/or device 100 to a "travel-ready"
mode as shown generally in FIG. 8. As shown generally in FIG. 3,
the controller 130 may be carried within an operator cab 330, which
may be operably engaged with the vehicle frame 310. In some such
embodiments, the controller may comprise a user interface which may
include, but is not limited to: a touch screen display, a computer
device, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a dash-mounted
controller unit, and/or another user interface component capable of
receiving one or more operator inputs for communicating with the
controller 130. Furthermore, according to various device 100
embodiments of the present invention, the controller 130 may
comprise at least one of: a personal computer; a microprocessor;
and combinations thereof.
Some device 100 device embodiments of the present invention are
intended for use in agricultural research environments including
research fields comprising a plurality of different research plots
wherein a corresponding plurality of different plant varieties may
be cultivated. Thus, in order to map, track, and/or catalog the
application of wind forces (corresponding to the moving fluid
stream generated and directed by the device 100 of the present
invention), some embodiments of the present invention may also
comprise a locator device (such as a GPS device or other locator
device) in communication with said controller for locating a
geographical location of at least one of the plurality of plants
325 so as to map the geographical location of the application of
the simulated wind force within the agricultural environment. In
some agricultural research environments, various research plots
(and their position relative to the boundaries of the research
environment) may be marked with one or more electronic transmitters
(such as an RFID device and/or a physical sign post or tag
comprising a bar code or other unique and electronically-readable
identifier. Thus, the device 100 embodiments of the present
invention may also comprise one or more RFID and/or bar code
scanners (in communication with the controller 130) for identifying
and/or locating one or more of the plurality of plants 325 using an
electronically-readable identifier. Furthermore, the device 100
embodiments of the present invention may also comprise a memory
device (such as a hard drive, ZIP drive, flash memory unit, and/or
other memory device for storing data) in communication with the
controller 130 for storing data related to the operation of the
device 100 of the present invention, the location of the plurality
of plants 325, and/or the identity of the plants 325. For example,
in some embodiments, the memory device may store data which may
include, but is not limited to: a geographical location of at least
one of the plurality of plants; a geographical location of the
application of the simulated wind force; at least one parameter of
the moving fluid stream; a characteristic of at least one of the
plurality of plants; and combinations thereof.
According to other device and system embodiments of the present
invention, the controller 130 of the present invention may be in
communication with a plant imaging system and/or other sensor array
such as that disclosed in U.S. Provisional Application No.
60/704,412, which is incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety such that the controller 130 may be capable of sensing
and/or analyzing the plants 325 and/or their surrounding
environment and adjusting one or more parameters of the moving
fluid stream generated by the device 100 in response to data
received from the imaging system and/or sensor array. Thus, the
controller 130 may be capable of receiving and/or compiling data
related to a characteristic of one or more of the plurality of
plants 325 and/or data corresponding to an environmental condition
of the agricultural environment, including, but not limited to:
relative humidity, temperature, barometric pressure, soil
temperature, soil water content, and other factors. For example,
the controller 130 (using data received from a sensor array), may
control the device 100 to generate a lower-velocity and/or
lower-frequency pulsed fluid stream in response to the detection of
a particularly wet soil condition. Furthermore, the controller 130
may use plant characteristic data received from a sensor array
(such as plant height and/or morphology) to control the device 100
to tailor the moving fluid flow parameters to select for positive
standability characteristics in various plant species and/or in
various life-cycle stages of similar plants that may be identified
by detectable morphological differences.
As described generally above, and as shown in FIGS. 3, 6, 7, 8, 14,
and 15, some device embodiments of the present invention may also
comprise a vehicle for moving the device 100 relative to a
plurality of plants 325 that may be cultivated in an agricultural
environment. In some embodiments, as shown generally in FIGS. 3, 6,
7, 8, and 14, the vehicle may comprise a self-propelled vehicle
(such as a tracked vehicle 300 and/or a cart 1420 configured to be
capable of being advanced along one or more rails 1410 that may be
installed in a laboratory, agricultural environment, and/or
greenhouse).
For example, as shown generally in FIG. 14, one embodiment of the
present invention may comprise a device 100 (comprising a
generating device 110 and a directing device 120) carried by a cart
and/or tram vehicle 1420 that may be advanced at a selected speed
along a set of rails 1410 relative to a plurality of plants 325
that may be cultivated in a greenhouse and/or laboratory
environment. According to such embodiments, the device 100 may be
capable of applying a wind force to a plurality of plants 325 in a
highly controlled environment (such as an indoor greenhouse and/or
laboratory). Carrying the device 100 via rail 1410 and/or cart 1420
may further provide a relatively stable platform for the device 100
such that the directing device 120 (and the directing vanes 121 and
shutter vanes 122 included in some embodiments thereof) may more
provide a precisely controllable simulated wind force to the
plurality of plants 325. Thus, some embodiments of the present
invention may be used to apply precise simulated wind forces in an
environment where humidity, soil conditions, light levels, and
other growing conditions may be controlled such that the plants'
325 wind resistance (and/or susceptibility to certain wind failure
mechanisms) may be evaluated in relation to such growing
conditions. In other embodiments, rails 1410 may be placed in a
growing field and/or research plot such that the device 100 of the
present invention may also be carried via rail 1410 and cart 1420
in an outdoor agricultural environment. In some embodiments, the
rails 1410 may be electrified to power the cart 1420. According to
some other embodiments, the cart 1420 may also carry one or more
motors 340 for powering the generating device 110 and/or the cart
1420. In other embodiments, the rail 1410 may comprise one or more
computer-controlled linear actuators for advancing the cart 1420
(and or a platform (not shown) that may be carried by linear
actuator embodiments of the rail 1410) relative to a plurality of
plants 325. Thus, for example, a linear actuator device may be
capable of advancing the generator device 110 and/or directing
device 120 at a precise programmed velocity relative to the
plurality of plants 1410 in order to more precisely model simulated
wind forces.
As shown generally in FIG. 16, some embodiments of the device 100
(comprising a generating device 110 and a directing device 120) may
be suspended from an overhead position. For example, the device 100
may be suspended by one or more lines 1610 from an overhead beam
1620 such that the device 100 may be suspended above a plurality of
plants in an indoor and/or outdoor agricultural environment. For
example, the overhead beam 1620 may include, but is not limited to,
a cross-member beam of a greenhouse and/or laboratory structure. In
other embodiments, the device 100 may also be suspended from beams
1620 and/or poles 1630 erected in an outdoor agricultural
environment such as a research plot and/or a growing field. The
lines 1610 may also, in some alternative embodiments, be suspended
from one or more tracks (not shown) defined by and/or attached to
one or more beams 1620 such that the device 100 may be selectively
moved (while in a position suspended above an agricultural
environment, relative to a plurality of plants 325 using via the
tracks).
While some vehicle 300 embodiments of the present invention (as
shown generally in FIGS. 3 and 6-8) may be self-propelled, some
embodiments of the present invention (as shown generally in FIG.
15) may comprise a trailer 1500 including wheels 1510 and a hitch
1530 assembly for carrying the device 100 such that the device 100
of the present invention may be towed behind a variety of different
vehicles that may be available for use in an agricultural
environment including, but not limited to: trucks, tractors, and
harvesting equipment. As shown generally in FIG. 15, some trailer
1500 embodiments for carrying the generating device 110 and
directing device 120 of the present invention may comprise an
offset frame 1520 operably engaged with a subframe 200 for
suspending the device 100 (including the generating devices 110 and
corresponding directing devices 120) relative to a row of plants
325 so as to be capable of applying a simulated wind force (that
may be precisely controlled using the vanes 121, 122 provided in
some directing device 120 embodiments) parallel and/or
perpendicular to one or more rows of plants being cultivated in an
agricultural environment. The offset frame 1520 may be configured
to suspend the device 100 components of the present invention over
and/or between a row of plants from one or both sides of the
trailer 1500 such that the trailer 1500 may be pulled behind a
utility vehicle in a corridor defined between rows of plants 325.
As shown in FIG. 15, the trailer 1500 may be an integrated system
for applying a wind force to a plurality of plants in an
agricultural environment, including not only the generating device
110, directing device 120, and controller 130, but also motors 340
and/or other auxiliary systems (such as a locator device, memory
device, and/or other electronic control elements and/or actuators
for operating the movable vanes 121, 122 of the directing device
120). Thus, the trailer 1500 may operate as an independent device
for generating a wind force to be applied to a plurality of plants
such that at least one of the plurality of plants may be evaluated
with respect to a wind-resistant physical characteristic without
the need for auxiliary power to be supplied by a tow vehicle.
The placement of one or more generating devices 110 and/or
directing devices 120 (and, in some embodiments, motors and/or
engines 340 for powering the generating devices 110) on a subframe
200 may allow the device 100 embodiments of the present invention
(see FIG. 2, for example) to be carried by a variety of vehicles in
a variety of configurations that may be tailored to a specific
agricultural environment. For example, as shown generally in FIG.
6, the generating device 110 and directing device 120 components of
the present invention may be carried by a subframe 200 that may be
suspended above a plurality of plants 325 (see FIGS. 3 and 7,
generally) by a vehicle 300 including a frame 310 that may be
operably engaged with and/or be capable of carrying the subframe
200. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 15, the subframe 200 (carrying
the device 100 of the present invention) may be operably engaged
with an offset frame 1520 of a trailer 1500 adapted to be capable
of suspending the subframe 200 adjacent to the travel path of the
trailer 1500 such that a tow vehicle may advance the device 100
substantially parallel to a row of plants 325 while traveling in a
corridor offset from a plant row.
According to some embodiments, as shown generally in FIGS. 3, 6, 7,
and 8, the vehicle 300 may comprise a tracked vehicle including at
least a fluid of tracked wheel assemblies 320 extending downward
from the sides of the vehicle frame 310. However, as will be
appreciated by one skilled in the art, some modular device 100
embodiments of the present invention (as shown, for example, in
FIGS. 1 and 2) may be carried by a subframe 200 and/or be attached
to a variety of different types of vehicles that may be suited for
advancing the device 100 (including the generating device 110 and
directing device 120) relative to a plurality of plants 325 in an
agricultural environment (such as a research plot). For example,
the vehicle 300 carrying the device 100 of the present invention
may include, but is not limited to: a tractor; a tracked vehicle
(including, for example, a wheel and track assembly sometimes used
in military vehicles and/or bulldozer machinery); a trailer 1500
(as discussed above, and shown generally in FIG. 15); a combine or
other piece of mobile harvesting machinery; a cart 1420 (see FIG.
14) adapted to be carried on corresponding rails 1410; a
four-wheeled vehicle (including, for example, a utility truck
having a plow or other attachment suitable for carrying the
subframe 200 shown generally in FIG. 2); and/or combinations of the
listed vehicles. In some additional embodiments, the vehicle 300
carrying the device 100 of the present invention may comprise a
high-clearance agricultural sprayer or other high-clearance 4-wheel
drive tractor such as, for example, the STS-10 Sprayer Vehicle,
manufactured by Hagie Manufacturing Company of Clarion, Iowa.
One example of a specialized vehicle 300 that may be included as a
portion and/or carrier of the device 100 of the present invention
is shown generally in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8. The vehicle 300 includes a
frame 310 operably engaged with and/or carrying the generating
device 110, directing device 120 and controller 130. As described
generally above, the frame 310 may be capable of carrying a modular
subframe 200 that may, in turn, carry the generating device 110 and
directing device 120 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7,
in some vehicle 300 embodiments, the subframe may carry four
generating devices 110 and four corresponding directing devices 120
(such as, for example, the directing devices shown in FIGS. 4 and
5) at the front of the vehicle 300 such that as the vehicle is
advanced in a travel direction 360 the directing devices may be
capable of exerting a wind force at an angle relative to a row of
plants 325. As described above with respect to the directing
devices and FIGS. 4 and 5, the directing vanes 121 of the directing
devices 120 may allow for the application of a wind force 420 down
a row of plants (wherein the row axis extends substantially
parallel to the vehicle travel direction 360) and/or a
perpendicular wind force 430 that may be exerted substantially
perpendicular to the row axes and across one or more rows of plants
325 that may be enclosed by the directing devices 120 (which may
extend downward from the subframe 200 as shown in FIG. 7).
Furthermore, the vehicle 300 may also comprise at least two
parallel rolling elements 320 extending downward from the
corresponding two sides of the vehicle frame 310 such that frame
may be supported above the plurality of plants 325 (see generally,
FIG. 7 wherein the vehicle frame 310 is shown suspended at a height
h, above the plurality of plants 325 via a plurality of
height-adjustment devices 350. The rolling elements 320 may
comprise, in some embodiments, wheels, wheel and track assemblies;
and/or combinations thereof. According to some embodiments, the
wheel and track assemblies 320 shown generally in FIGS. 6-8 may be
utilized to effectively distribute the relatively heavy weight of
the vehicle 300, subframe 200, and modular device 100 of the
present invention such that the vehicle may more easily traverse
muddy and/or rain-soaked agricultural environments. Muddy and/or
soaked terrain may be commonly encountered by the vehicle 300 of
the present invention, especially in method embodiments (see
generally below) for identifying plants 325 exhibiting root lodging
characteristics, which may be preceded by heavy irrigation of the
agricultural environment prior to the application of a simulated
wind force. The more effective distribution of the vehicle 300
weight, afforded in some embodiments by the use of wheel and track
assemblies 320, may allow the device 100 of the present invention
be carried across muddy environments to simulate wind conditions
that often result in the dislodging of plant roots in rain-soaked
and/or muddy soils. Thus, the use of wheel and track assemblies 320
as rolling elements may allow the vehicle 300 of some embodiments
of the present invention to more effectively characterize and/or
select for root lodging characteristics of plants 325.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the vehicle
300 may further comprise a cab 330, operably engaged with the
vehicle frame 310, for housing an operator of the device 100
(and/or driver of the vehicle 300). In some embodiments, the cab
330 may also carry and/or house the controller 130 of the present
invention such that an operator of the vehicle 300 and/or device
100 may be capable of viewing outputs from the controller and/or
inputting data and/or controls for adjusting one or more parameters
of the moving fluid stream generated and/or directed by the
generating device 110 and directing device 120 of the present
invention. The cab 330 may also comprise controls and/or input
devices such that the operator may control the overall operation of
the vehicle, such as throttle controls for one or more motors 340
(which may power the rolling elements 320 of the vehicle 300 and/or
one or more of the generating devices 100. The cab 330 may also
house braking controls, controls for actuating the movable vanes
121, 122 of the directing device 120, controls for actuating the
height adjustment devices 350 (as described below with respect to
FIGS. 6 and 7), controls for external and/or cab lighting, air
conditioning equipment for the comfort of an operator, and/or other
controls that may be used to operate the vehicle 300, generating
device 110, and/or directing device 120 of the present
invention.
Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6-8, the vehicle 300 may also
comprise one or more motors and/or engines 340, operably engaged
with the vehicle frame 310, for moving the vehicle 300 relative to
the plurality of plants 325. As described above, the vehicle 300
may also carry one or more motors 340 for powering the generating
devices 110 of the present invention via one or more drive shafts
345 that may extend from the vehicle frame 310 to the generating
devices 110 (which may be carried by a separate subframe 200). This
exemplary embodiment is shown generally in FIG. 6. The vehicle 300
may also carry one or more motors 340 for powering the rolling
elements 320 (such as the wheel and track assemblies 320 of FIGS.
6-8, and/or a wheel and axle arrangement via a drivetrain and/or
transmission unit that may be arranged in a manner that will be
appreciated by one skilled in the art.
The vehicle 300 of the present invention may also comprise a
plurality of height adjustment devices 350 operably engaged between
the vehicle frame 310 and the rolling elements 320 such that said
frame 310 may be raised or lowered above a maximum height h (see
FIG. 7) of the plurality of plants 325. Furthermore, the height
adjustment devices may also be lowered such that the vehicle height
h is relatively low such that a simulated wind force (applied via
the device 100) of the present invention) may be applied to
immature plants and/or crop plants having a lower height profile.
In addition, according to some embodiments, each of the height
adjustment devices 350 may be individually adjustable such that one
or more of the height adjustment devices 350 may be lengthened
while the remaining height adjustment devices 350 remain in a
shortened configuration. By individually controlling the height
adjustment devices 350, an operator of the present invention
(and/or a controller 130) may ensure that the vehicle 300 (and the
generating device 110 and/or directing device 120 carried thereby)
remains substantially level, regardless of uneven terrain that may
be present in the agricultural environment in which the vehicle 300
may be operating. Furthermore, the height adjustment devices 350
may also be used to raise and/or lower the sides, rear, front,
and/or one or more corners of the vehicle 300 frame in order to
adjust the angle and/or orientation at which the moving fluid
stream exits the directing device 120 and impacts the plurality of
plants 325. In some embodiments, the height adjustment devices 350
may include, but are not limited to: hydraulic actuators; pneumatic
actuators; adjustable heavy-duty shocks; and combinations
thereof.
As described generally above, and as shown in FIG. 8, the
generating device 110 and directing device 120 may be carried via a
subframe 200 that may be operably engaged with a vehicle frame 310.
The subframe 200 may also be operably engaged with the vehicle
frame 310 via one or more actuators 210 which may lift the subframe
200 relative to the vehicle frame 310. As shown in FIG. 8, the
subframe and vehicle frame may be rotatably fixed to a connector
arm that may be lifted (by the actuator 210 (which may include a
hydraulic and/or pneumatic actuator for lifting the subframe 210)
through an angle 215 such that the subframe 210 may be lifted to a
"travel-ready" position. Thus, the vehicle 300 may advance over
uneven and/or obstacle-strewn terrain without dragging the
directing devices 120 over such terrain and/or obstacles. According
to some such embodiments, the controller 130 may be in
communication with the adjustable subframe 210 (or the actuator
210) for raising and/or lowering the subframe relative to the
ground and/or to the plurality of plants. According to some
embodiments, the controller 130 may adjust the angle 215 at which
the subframe 200 is oriented relative to the vehicle frame 310
and/or the underlying terrain of the surrounding agricultural
environment.
Some embodiments of the present invention also include a method for
applying a wind force to a plurality of plants 325 in an
agricultural environment (such as an agricultural research plot).
As shown in FIG. 9, one embodiment of the method of the present
invention comprises the following steps: step 910 for generating a
moving fluid stream (see FIGS. 4 and 5, element 410) providing the
wind force; step 920 for directing the moving fluid stream (see
FIGS. 4 and 5, elements 420 and 430) towards a portion of at least
one of the plurality of plants 325; and step 930 controlling at
least one parameter of the moving fluid stream such that the at
least one of the plurality of plants 325 may be evaluated with
respect to a wind-resistant physical characteristic.
As shown in FIG. 19, some method embodiments of the present
invention may further comprise step 1910 for selecting the at least
one of the plurality of plants for the wind resistant physical
characteristic. According to some embodiments, step 1910 for
selecting may further comprise comparing the wind resistant
physical trait of the at least one of the plurality of plants to a
known wind resistant physical trait of at least one reference
plant. While in some embodiments, step 1910 may comprise selecting
for a particular wind resistant characteristic, other method
embodiments may further comprise generally determining if any of
the plurality of plants exhibit the wind resistant physical
characteristic. For example, in some embodiments, the moving air
stream applied (see step 920, for example) to the plurality of
plants may result in a brittle snap (or other plant failure) in all
of the plurality of plants, which may indicate that none of the
plurality of plants exhibit a particular wind resistant physical
trait.
For example, some method embodiments of the present invention may
comprise precisely controlling the parameters of a moving air
stream that is applied to one or more pluralities of plants so as
to select and characterize germplasm as well as to phenotype and
identify of favorable and/or undesirable quantitative trait loci
(QTLs) in the germplasm which may determine a variety of
wind-resistant physical traits that may include, but are not
limited to: brittle snap resistance, stalk strength, and root
strength in maize. One example, of such a characterization for
maize hybrids is shown generally in FIG. 18, where PH01, PH02, and
PH03 represent reference hybrids with below average (denoted by
"PBA"), average (denoted by "PA") and above average (denoted by
"PAA"), respectively, predicted brittle snap strength based on a
number of data points collected after natural brittle events
observed in reference plants over the past 10 years, and EXP01,
EXP02, EXP03, and EXP04, and EXP05 represent experimental hybrids
which may be characterized (using for example, the various method
embodiments of the present invention) for brittle snap
strength.
The step 930 for controlling the moving air stream applied to the
plurality of experimental hybrid plants may also serve to highlight
and/or optimize the resolution of the differences between hybrids
in differing performance categories in the reference hybrid sets.
Reference hybrids may be placed in performance categories based on
the relative strength or failure to perform in natural storm events
(wherein "strength" is generally indicated herein in terms of a
"wind-resistant physical characteristic) collected in a minimum of
3 growing seasons and meeting a data quality standard defined by
selected performance guidelines.
According to various embodiments of the present invention, the
wind-resistant physical characteristic evaluated using the method
steps of the present invention may include, but is not limited to:
a root lodging factor; a stalk lodging factor; a brittle stem break
factor; and combinations thereof. According to some method
embodiments of the present invention, the method may be used to
evaluate one or more specific wind-resistant physical
characteristics including, but not limited to: an early season root
lodging factor, a late season root lodging factor, and plant
standability characteristics as affected by selected insect pests
and/or selected disease types. Early season root lodging is defined
as root lodging which occurs prior to or at anthesis. Late season
root lodging is root lodging which occurs post anthesis through
flowering. Stalk lodging in corn can be caused by a number of
diseases that may include but are not limited to: Anthracnose stalk
rot caused by Colletotrichum graminicola, Fusarium stalk rot caused
by Fusarium moniliforme, Diplodia stalk rot caused by Diplodia
maydis, Gibberella stalk rot caused by Gibberella zeae.
Furthermore, some insects infest and burrow into plant stalks and
can cause lodging. Such insect pests may include, but are not
limited to: Black cutworm (Agrotis epsilon), Common stalk borer
(Papaipema nebris), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), and
Wireworms (Limonius spp.). Furthermore, some insects that may
infest and burrow in the roots, possibly causing root lodging can
include: Rootworms (Diabrotica spp.) and White grubs (Phyllophaga
spp.).
According to some method embodiments of the present invention, one
or more preparation steps may be performed prior to the
commencement of the method steps listed below. For example, in
order to evaluate root lodging factors for certain plant varieties
(such as corn), the agricultural environment may be thoroughly
irrigated (using, for example, drip hoses and/or tape) prior to the
application of the simulated wind force.
As shown generally in FIG. 10, some method embodiments of the
present invention may further comprise a providing step 1010 for
providing: (1) a generating device 110 adapted to be capable of
being carried by a vehicle 300 for generating the moving fluid
stream 410, (2) a directing device 120 (defining a duct and/or
channel as shown generally in FIGS. 4 and 5) in fluid communication
with the generating device 110 for directing the moving fluid
stream, and (3) a controller 130 in communication with the
generating device 110 and the directing device 120 for controlling
at least one parameter of the moving fluid stream. In some
embodiments of the method of the present invention, the device 100
embodiments (shown generally in FIG. 1) may be provided in step
1010 for performing the method steps 910-930 to apply the simulated
wind force in a precisely-controlled and/or directed manner towards
a portion of at least one of the plurality of plants 325 in order
to evaluate the plants with respect to a wind-resistant physical
characteristic. According to some method embodiments, the providing
step 1010 may further comprise providing a vehicle 300 (see, for
example, FIGS. 3, 6-8) for carrying the generating device 110, the
directing device 120, and/or the controller 130 such that the
generating device 110, the directing device 120, and the controller
130 may be moved relative to the plurality of plants 325. Thus,
some method embodiments of the present invention, as shown
generally in FIG. 11, may further comprise step 1110 for moving the
generating device 110, the directing device 120, and the controller
130 relative to the plurality of plants 325. For example, in some
method embodiments wherein, for example, the method is utilized for
the selection of plants 325 having relative resistance to brittle
snap in response to a "pulsed" wind force (i.e., alternative one
second periods of "on" and "off"), step 1110 may also comprise
moving the generating device 110, the directing device 120, and the
controller 130 relative to the plurality of plants 325 at a
relatively slow pace (such as, for example, 0.8 to 1.2 miles per
hour, such that each plant may be subjected to 6-8 pulsed wind
gusts from the directing device 120.
The providing step 1010 may also further comprise providing an
adjustable subframe 200 (see FIG. 2 (generally showing a plurality
of generating devices 110 carried by the subframe 200) and FIG. 3
(showing the subframe 200 operably engaged with a vehicle 300)
operably engaged between the generating device 110, the directing
device 120, and the controller 130. According to some such method
embodiments, the method may further comprise adjusting a height of
the adjustable subframe 200 in relation to the vehicle 300 (and/or
the vehicle frame 300, as shown in FIG. 8) such that the generating
device, directing device and controller may be raised and lowered
in relation to the plurality of plants 325 and/or the ground
defining the agricultural environment. As described generally above
with respect to the device 100 embodiments of the present
invention, the controlling step 930 may further comprise
controlling the adjustable subframe 200 such that the generating
device 110, directing device 120, and/or controller 130 may be
raised and lowered in relation to the plurality of plants 325.
According to some method embodiments of the present invention, the
generating step 910 may further comprise generating the moving
fluid stream intermittently at a pulse frequency. As discussed in
further detail above, the controller 130 of the device embodiments
of the present invention may be in communication with at least one
of a motor 340, and/or the generating device 110 for controlling
and/or cycling the velocity of the generating device 110 (which may
comprise a rotary fan, turbine, or other device capable of
generating a moving fluid stream). For example, the generating step
910 may comprise using the controller 130 to actuate a throttle
and/or braking system to adjust and/or cycle the revolutions of a
rotary generating device (such as a rotary fan) so as to generate
the moving fluid stream intermittently at a pulse frequency. Thus,
step 910 of the method of the present invention may allow, in some
embodiments, for the generation of a pulsed wind force (having a
characteristic pulse frequency) that may approximate the pulsing
and/or intermittent wind forces that may lead to brittle snap, stem
breakage, and/or node failure in some susceptible plants.
Furthermore, in some method embodiments of the present invention,
the directing step 920 of the present invention may comprise
actuating at least one movable vane (see, for example, elements
121, 122 of FIGS. 4 and 5) for adjusting the at least one parameter
of the moving fluid stream generated in step 910 of the method of
the present invention. In some method embodiments, an operator may
manually actuate one or more directing vanes 121 to adjust the
angle at which the moving fluid streams (420, 430) exit the
directing device 120. Furthermore, the directing step 920 may also
involve utilizing an actuator 123 to automatically rotate (via a
control signal sent by the controller 130, for example) at least
one of a directing vane 121 and/or a shutter vane 122 (as described
in detail above with respect to FIGS. 4 and 5). The directing step
920 may also comprise installing an alternate directing device 120
defining a modified and/or angled duct (see FIG. 5, for example)
such that the moving fluid streams (420, 430) exiting the directing
device 120 may be directed generally downward towards at least one
of the plurality of plants 325. Furthermore, in some method
embodiments utilizing the various vehicle 300 embodiments described
above, the directing step 920 may further comprise adjusting at
least one of the height adjustment devices 350 for altering an
angle at which a frame 310 of the vehicle 300 may be oriented
relative to the ground and/or the plants 325 such that the moving
fluid streams (420, 430) exiting the directing device 120 may be
directed at a selected angle towards and/or away from at least one
of the plurality of plants 325.
The controlling step 930 may also comprise controlling at least one
parameter of the moving fluid streams 410, 420, 430 generated (see
step 910) and/or directed (see step 920) using the various method
steps of the present invention. According to various method
embodiments, the controlling step 930 may comprise controlling
fluid stream parameters including, but not limited to: a velocity
of the moving fluid stream (by controlling, for example a speed of
the generating device 110 and/or a position of the movable vanes
121, 122); a direction of the moving fluid stream; a height of the
moving fluid stream; a pulse frequency of the moving fluid stream;
and combinations thereof. In some method embodiments, the direction
and/or angle of the moving fluid stream (410, 420, 430) may be
controlled, for example, by at least one of: adjusting a position
of the movable vanes 121, 122, changing a type of directing device
120 (see FIGS. 4-5), and/or adjusting a position of the vehicle
frame 310 and/or subframe 200 relative to the ground. Furthermore,
the pulse frequency of the moving fluid stream may be controlled,
for example, by at least one of: adjusting a position of the
shutter vane 122 from an "open" to "closed" position according to a
pre-set pattern (such as, one second "on" and one second "off")
and/or cyclically adjusting the speed of the generating device 110
to pulse the moving fluid stream generated thereby.
As shown generally in FIG. 12, the method embodiments of the
present invention may also comprise step 1210 for locating a
geographical location of at least one of the plurality of plants
325 so as to map the geographical location of the application of
the simulated wind force within the agricultural environment.
Because, the method of the present invention may be performed in an
agricultural research plot wherein a number of experimental plant
hybrids, genetically modified organisms (GMO), and various other
plant varieties may be grown in specific plots, it is preferable in
some method embodiments to perform the locating step 1210 such that
the application of selected simulated wind forces may be mapped
accurately with respect to the known locations of certain hybrid
and/or GMO varieties such that the response of these varieties to a
given simulated wind force may be accurately ascertained.
Furthermore, as shown generally in FIG. 13, the method embodiments
of the present invention may also comprise step 1310 for storing
data related to the application of a simulated wind force and/or
the position of the vehicle 300 and/or device 100 relative to a
given research plot. The storing step 1310 may further comprise
storing data in a memory device that may be in communication with
and/or integrated with a controller 130. In some embodiments, the
storing step 1310 may also comprise engaging a removable memory
device (such as a ZIP drive, flash memory device, data disk) with
the controller 130 for copying data related to the application of a
plurality of different simulated wind forces in one or more
different research plots. Thus, an operator of the device 100
embodiments of the present invention may download and/or copy such
data from the controller and carry such data to an offsite
laboratory, database, and/or statistical analysis system for
determining which plants 325 and/or plant varieties may be least
susceptible to damage and/or failure when exposed to a selected
simulated wind force. According to various method embodiments, the
storing step 1310 may comprise storing data including, but not
limited to: a geographical location of at least one of the
plurality of plants 325; a geographical location of the application
of the simulated wind force; at least one parameter of the moving
fluid stream; a characteristic of at least one of the plurality of
plants 325 (such as, for example, age, GMO designation, hybrid
designation, moisture content, genotypic information, and/or other
plant information); and combinations of the data types listed
above.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come
to mind to one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains
having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing
descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be
understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific
embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments
are intended to be included within the scope of the appended
claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used
in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of
limitation.
* * * * *
References