U.S. patent number 7,397,790 [Application Number 10/447,871] was granted by the patent office on 2008-07-08 for packet switched connections using dedicated channels.
This patent grant is currently assigned to InterDigital Technology Corporation. Invention is credited to Teresa Joanne Hunkeler, Ana Lucia Iacono, Janet Stern-Berkowitz, Stephen E. Terry, Maged Zaki, Eldad Zeira, Guodong Zhang.
United States Patent |
7,397,790 |
Zeira , et al. |
July 8, 2008 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Packet switched connections using dedicated channels
Abstract
A temporary (temp) dedicated channel (DCH) is used to support
communications. The temp-DCH channel is a channel that is assigned
to a user having a set duration. After the duration expires, the
channel is automatically released to the user. Embodiments of the
invention relate to establishing the temp-DCH channel, determining
the data rate and duration of the channel. Other embodiments relate
to establishing back-to-back temp-DCH channels and the
implementation details of these embodiments. Additionally, one
embodiment relates to adding a start/stop function to the medium
access controller which can be used in conjunction with temp-DCH as
well as other applications.
Inventors: |
Zeira; Eldad (Huntington,
NY), Zhang; Guodong (Patchogue, NY), Terry; Stephen
E. (Northport, NY), Iacono; Ana Lucia (Garden City,
NY), Stern-Berkowitz; Janet (Little Neck, NY), Zaki;
Maged (Montreal, CA), Hunkeler; Teresa Joanne
(Montreal, CA) |
Assignee: |
InterDigital Technology
Corporation (Wilmington, DE)
|
Family
ID: |
29715314 |
Appl.
No.: |
10/447,871 |
Filed: |
May 29, 2003 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20040114574 A1 |
Jun 17, 2004 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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60384190 |
May 29, 2002 |
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60446956 |
Feb 12, 2003 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
370/352; 370/251;
375/225; 370/247 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L
1/0002 (20130101); H04L 1/0017 (20130101); H04W
28/18 (20130101); H04W 76/38 (20180201); H04W
28/14 (20130101); H04W 28/22 (20130101); H04W
52/08 (20130101); H04W 52/242 (20130101); H04W
72/0406 (20130101); H04W 72/0486 (20130101); H04W
72/085 (20130101); H04W 76/30 (20180201); H04W
76/10 (20180201); H04W 52/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04L
12/66 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;370/352,247,253,251,524
;375/225 ;455/352,247,251 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Tran; Congvan
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Volpe and Koenig, P.C.
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application
No. 60/384,190, filed May 29, 2002 and U.S. provisional application
No. 60/446,956, filed Feb. 12, 2003, which are incorporated by
reference as if fully set forth.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for establishing a temporary dedicated channel in
wireless communication system, the method comprising: collecting
packet data requiring wireless transmission; based on an amount of
the packet data, determining a transmission data rate for the data;
determining a duration for a dedicated channel based on the
determined transmission data rate; sending the collected packet
data over the dedicated channel for the determined duration; and
after the set duration expires, releasing the dedicated channel;
and wherein at the expiration of the set duration, a second
dedicated channel transmission occurs, the second dedicated channel
transmission having a same transport format combination than the
collected racket data transmission over the dedicated channel.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the determined transmission data
rate is also based on a perceived overhead.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the second dedicated channel
transmission has a different transport format combination than the
collected packet data transmission over the dedicated channel.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising making a request for
the second dedicated channel transmission prior to expiration of
the duration.
5. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), the WTRU comprising: a
receiver; a transmitter; and a radio link controller (RLC) in
communication with the receiver and the transmitter, wherein the
RLC is configured to collect packet data requiring wireless
transmission, determine a transmission data rate for the data based
on an amount of the packet data, determine a duration for a
dedicated channel based on the determined transmission data rate,
send the collected packet data over the dedicated channel for the
determined duration via the transmitter, release the dedicated
channel after the set duration expires, and at the expiration of
the set duration, transmit a second dedicated channel
transmissions, wherein the second dedicated channel transmission
having a same transport format combination than the collected
packet data transmission over the dedicated channel.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention generally relates to wireless communication systems.
In particular, the invention relates to supporting packet switched
connections in such systems.
BACKGROUND
In the past, wireless communication systems primarily provided
voice based services. To support voice based services, the systems
used circuit switched connections. As the demand for data based
services increases, wireless systems have been evolving towards
using packet switched connections. Some systems use a totally
packet switched network infrastructure. Although the air interfaces
in most systems have some channels dedicated for supporting packet
data, such as the common packet channel, typically, each user is
typically assigned dedicated channels to support its
communications. Other systems use fixed dedicated channels to
support packet data.
Typically, to establish dedicated channels, a user requests a
service, such as by sending a message over a random access channel.
After the user requests the service, typically, dedicated uplink
and downlink channels are established to support the services.
After the service is completed, the channels are disestablished.
Due to the bursty nature of packet based transmissions, the
allocation of fixed dedicated channels to packet based services is
an inefficient use of resources. The established dedicated channels
are left idle prior to, after and between bursts.
Accordingly, it is desirable to have alternate approaches to
supporting packet based services that allow rapid establishment and
disestablishment of dedicated channels.
SUMMARY
A temporary (temp) dedicated channel (DCH) is used to support
communications. The temp-DCH channel is a channel that is assigned
to a user having a set duration. After the duration expires, the
channel is automatically released by both the user and network.
Embodiments of the invention relate to establishing the temp-DCH
channel, determining the data rate and duration of the channel.
Other embodiments relate to establishing back-to-back temp-DCH
channels and the implementation details of these embodiments.
Additionally, one embodiment relates to adding a start/stop
function to the medium access controller which can be used in
conjunction with temp-DCH as well as other applications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)
FIG. 1 is a simplified drawing of a wireless transmit/receive unit
(WTRU), Node-B, cell radio network controller (C-RNC) and servicing
radio network controller (S-RNC) for performing temp DCH.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of temp-DCH.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of resource allocation for temp-DCH.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart for temp-DCH when uplink measurements are
not available.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart for a back-to-back temp-DCH
transmission.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart for an alternate embodiment for a
back-to-back temp-DCH transmission.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart for an embodiment of temp-DCH for an
UTRA-TDD environment.
FIGS. 8 (8A and 8B) is a messaging diagram of a call admission
control procedure that uses WTRU measurements.
FIGS. 9 (9A and 9B) are a flow chart of processing non-real time
(NRT) requests.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart for updating NRT requests.
FIG. 11 is a flow chart for processing the NRT queue.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart for processing NRT requests for CCTrCH
additions.
FIG. 13 is a flow chart for processing NRT requests for CCTrCH
reconfiguration (back-to-back allocations) or handover.
FIGS. 14 (14A and 14B) is a flow chart for allocating low-rate
temp-DCH.
FIG. 15 is a flow chart for allocating normal temp-DCH.
FIGS. 16 (16A and 16B) is a messaging diagram for the radio
resource management functions for subsequent temp-DCH
allocations.
FIGS. 17 (17A and 17B) is a messaging diagram for a successful
allocation of a back-to-back request.
FIGS. 18 (18A and 18B) is a messaging diagram for an unsuccessful
allocation of a back-to-back request when resources are not
available.
FIGS. 19 (19A and 19B) is a messaging diagram for an unsuccessful
allocation of a back-to-back request when the activation time is
invalid.
FIG. 20 is a simplified diagram of a WTRU or RNC with a start/stop
function.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)
Although the preferred embodiments are described in conjunction
with a third generation partnership program (3GPP) wideband code
division multiple access (W-CDMA) system utilizing the time
division duplex (TDD) mode, the embodiments are applicable to any
code division multiple access communication system, such as time
division synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA), CDMA 2000, frequency division
duplex (FDD) mode of W-CDMA among others.
Hereafter, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes but is
not limited to a user equipment, mobile station, fixed or mobile
subscriber unit, pager, or any other type of device capable of
operating in a wireless environment.
FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a WTRU 500, Node-B 502, cell
radio network controller (C-RNC) 506 and servicing radio network
controller (S-RNC) 508 for performing temp-DCH. The WTRU 500 has a
transmitter 514 and a receiver 516 for sending and receiving
transmissions over the radio interface 520. A downlink measurement
device 518 takes quality measurements of the downlink channels. The
WTRU 500 also has a radio link controller (RLC) 510 and a medium
access controller (MAC) 512.
The Node-B 502 has a transmitter 526 and a receiver 524 for
transmitting and receiving transmissions over the radio interface
520. The Node-B 502 has an uplink measurement device 522 for taking
uplink quality measurements. The Node-B 502 communicates to its
C-RNC 506 using messages.
The C-RNC 506 has a radio resource management (RRM)/radio resource
controller (RRC) 528, a RLC 530 and a MAC 532. The S-RNC 508 has a
RRM/RRC 534, RLC 536 and MAC 538. The C-RNC 506 and S-RNC 508
communication with each other using messages.
In cellular systems, WTRU connections can be maintained on either
dedicated channels (DCHs) or common channels, such as the uplink
(UL) random access channel (RACH) and downlink (DL) forward access
channel (FACH). Dedicated channels provide required quality of
service while maintaining efficient use of radio resources with
mechanisms, such as fast inner loop power control and transmit
diversity. Common channels offer a "best effort" service that use a
statically configured set of physical resources in the cell. It is
desirable to maintain the WTRU connection on common channels
whenever possible, since WTRU power and processing requirements are
greatly reduced. Since dedicated resources are not assigned,
possibly more WTRUs can be supported per cell.
When non-real time (NRT) applications are supported by the WTRU,
frequent periods of no transmission or reception activity exist.
For example for Internet web browsing, the user downloads a web
page and then takes time to read the information. Due to the high
rates of data transfer, the period required for the file download
to the WTRU is a small fraction of the reading time. During this
reading (low activity period), the DCH cell resources are not well
utilized.
To better utilize radio resources, instead of a traditional
allocation of a DCH to a WTRU, a temporary (temp) allocation of the
DCH is made. The temp allocation is an assignment of a DCH with a
predetermined duration. After that duration, the DCH is
automatically released and the connection is returned to common
channels. Limited dedicated resources within the cell are only
allocated for the transfer of information. When the WTRU returns
the connection to common channels, the WTRU power/processing
requirements are reduced and dedicated cell resources are freed.
The temp-DCH allows for more active NRT users to be supported
within the cell and longer operation of the WTRU between charges.
Additionally, rather than allocating low rate DCHs over long time
periods, temp-DCH allows for a very high rate DCH allocations for
short time periods, which tends to improve quality of service
(QOS). The following are preferred embodiments for implementing
temp-DCH.
In the preferred embodiment, the radio resources are handled using
a distributed management scheme. Generally, call related aspects
are handled by the S-RNC 508 and cell related aspects are handled
by the C-RNC 506. Management of starting and controlling the packet
switched connection is handled between the S-RNC 508 and C-RNC
506.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the general procedure for a temp-DCH
allocation. After sufficient data has been collected for either an
uplink or downlink transmission, the S-RNC 508 requests the
resources to support the transmission, 100. The requested data rate
for the transmission is based on the amount of data to transmit and
the perceived overhead, 102.
One approach to determine the data rate is as follows. The highest
data rate for the temp-DCH is based on the amount of data to be
transmitted and the WTRU capabilities. To maintain the percentage
of overhead close to a constant value, the highest data rate is
maintained at a value roughly proportional to the amount of data.
This constant overhead percentage allows for a certain resource
efficiency to be guaranteed in the resource allocation. The
overhead is preferably defined as the time in which resources are
allocated but no data can be sent. This approach optimizes the
system throughput in the presence of such overhead. The highest
data rate requested by the S-RNC 508 is limited to requesting a
data rate at or below the highest data rate supported by the
WTRU.
The duration of the data transmission is preferably based on the
allocated rate, R, and the amount of data to transmit, L. The
highest data rate to request meets the following inequality.
.times..times..times..times..times..times..times..times..tau..times..time-
s. ##EQU00001## 4 is the guaranteed resource allocation efficiency
which is based on the constant value for the percentage of
overhead. Duration (R,L) is the duration of the data transmission
based on the allocated rate, R, and the amount of data to transmit,
L.
One approach to determine the data rates is as follows, although
others may be used. The highest rate to request for each transport
channel can be determined as follows. BO is the buffer occupancy of
DTCH reported, T.sub.max is the maximum Temp-DCH duration and
T.sub.min the minimum Temp-DCH duration. The data rate, Rn, is
calculated as follows.
.DELTA..times..times..times..times..times..times..DELTA..times.
##EQU00002## where 0.delta..DELTA..delta.1. .DELTA. is a design
parameter configured by the network operator. R.sub.n represents
the data rate required in order to empty the buffer during time
.DELTA.T.sub.min (1 .DELTA.)T.sub.max, which is a linear
combination of the maximum and minimum Temp-DCH duration.
For .DELTA. 1 or .DELTA. 0, then R.sub.n represents the data rate
needed to empty the buffer as follows.
.times..times..DELTA..times..times..times..times..DELTA..times..times.
##EQU00003## A multiplicative M.sub.Rn is added such that the data
rate exceeds Rn M.sub.Rn. The margin is configured by the network
operator.
The margin is used to compensate for errors in the transmission
(causing retransmissions) and for new packets that may arrive in
the buffer. To maximize the data rate and minimize the duration,
.DELTA. is set at .DELTA. 1. To minimize the data rate and maximize
the duration, .DELTA. is set at .DELTA. 0. Any other linear
combination of Tmax and Tmin can also be used.
When performing resource allocation, the radio resource management
(RRM) algorithm will take into account the range of rates
requested, and try to allocate the maximum bandwidth possible for
that service. The RRM tries to allocate the highest rate requested
but, if that is not possible, RRM can decrease the rate until the
minimum acceptable rate.
The minimum acceptable rate does not have to be necessarily the
minimum TFC in the TFC subset described previously. The TFC subset
defines all possible data rates that can be used by the WTRU at any
given time. That includes the case where there is no traffic, and
only control information is being exchanged. The data rate
necessary to send control information is very small. If RRM only
allocates such small bandwidth to the service, only control
information can be sent. This is because, in general, non-real time
(NRT) services are configured to use AM-RLC. In this mode of
operation the transport block size is fixed. Since there is a
maximum number of transport blocks that can be supported by the
WTRU at any given time, in order to support high data rates (e.g.,
2 Mbps), the transport block size has to be large, and cannot be
segmented. Such large transport block may not fit in the small
bandwidth needed by the signaling channel.
In order to avoid this situation, a lowest acceptable bit rate can
be defined, which can be greater than the minimum TFC in the TFC
subset. This data rate could, for example, is represented by the
TFC that has the minimum data rate greater than zero for DTCH. This
rate would also allow for signaling information to be sent, since
transport blocks for DCCH channels are usually small. Since the
Temp-DCH allocation is efficient (rates and duration are determined
as a function of traffic volume measurements), the bandwidth would
be completely utilized most of the time.
Moreover, if the traffic volume measurements are zero in one
direction only (uplink or downlink), one cannot assume that there
will be no data in that direction. This is because TCP/IP protocol
requires exchange of acknowledgements (ACK). TCP ACKs are also DTCH
packets, and thus have to respect the transport block sizes of the
DTCH.
In summary, it is important to define a guaranteed bit rate for
temp-DCH allocations in both uplink and downlink directions. This
guaranteed data rate should be sufficient to send at least one
transport block of DTCH and DCCH information (not necessarily at
the same time).
The C-RNC 506 makes the resource allocation. To make the resource
allocation, the C-RNC 506 may need to collect physical measurements
before the resources are allocated, 104. The uplink measurements
are provided by the Node-B 502 and the downlink measurements are
provided by the WTRU. The WTRU may send the uplink measurements on
the random access channel (RACH) or the measurements may be sent on
a low rate channel for a limited duration, such as if the system
designer does not want to load the RACH or measurement information
is not available on the RACH.
The C-RNC 506 bases its resource allocation and the quality of the
allocated resources, such as the data rate, based on the following
factors, 106: the requested data rate, the availability of
resources, the number of requests already waiting for resources or
the amount of data represented by such requests. The resources may
also be allocated based on an estimation of the availability of
such resources in the future. This estimated availability is based
on the known duration of other transmissions. The minimum allocated
data rate may be adjusted so that it can support the sending of
layer-3 control messages. This minimum allocated rate tends to
maximize the network robustness under high loading conditions.
When the uplink and/or downlink measurements are available, one
approach for determining the resource allocation is per the flow
chart of FIG. 3. When the waiting queue is empty, 107, the C-RNC
506 checks the requested data rates of the WTRUs from the highest
to the lowest requested data rate, 108. The C-RNC 506 checks each
rate, in turn, to determine whether the current available resources
can handle it. Once such a rate is found, it is granted, 110. The
implementation of these procedures may be similar to those for call
admission for real time services.
When the waiting queue is not empty, 107, the C-RNC 506 bases the
allocated resources on the amount of currently available resources,
the amount of resources predicted to be available in the near
future and the number of requests in the queue, 112.
One approach to allocate the resources fairly allocates the
currently available or soon to be available resources among all
requests waiting in the queue. After being notified by the S-RNC
508 of the duration of previous allocations, the C-RNC 506 can
determine the availability of resources in the near future,
RU.sub.total. RU.sub.total includes the amount of currently
available resources and the resources that will be released by a
certain time period. That time period is a design parameter.
The C-RNC 506 determines the average amount of resources,
RU.sub.ave, that could be allocated to each temp-DCH request based
on the RU.sub.total limit, such as follows.
.times..times. ##EQU00004## N.sub.request is the number of temp-DCH
requests.
The resources are allocated in order to attempt to meet the
average, RU.sub.ave, for each user.
Another approach to allocate the resources fairly allocates the
resources but weighs the allocation based on the amount of
resources requested per temp-DCH request. Each WTRU is provided
resources in relation to the amount requested. One potential
allocation of the resources to a WTRU i, RU.sub.request(i), is as
follows.
.times..times..function..times..times..function..times..times..times..tim-
es..times..function..times..times..times. ##EQU00005##
Another approach to allocate the resources fairly allocates the
resources based on their order in the queue. The C-RNC 506
processes individual requests according to their order. It treats
each request as if there are no other requests in the queue. Before
the C-RNC 506 processes the request, the measurement timer is
checked. If the measurements are old, the C-RNC 506 ignores the
measurements and allocates the resources as if measurements are not
available.
If the measurements are current, the C-RNC 506 processes the first
request followed by the next request in the queue and so on. The
queue is effectively treated as a first in first out (FIFO)
queue.
When the uplink measurements are not available, a temp-DCH
allocation can be made without the measurements. One preferred
approach allocates a low rate temp-DCH to allow for the
measurements to be gathered, as per the flow chart of FIG. 4. When
the uplink measurements are not available, the C-RNC 506 preferably
allocates a low rate uplink and downlink dedicated channel with
limited or unlimited duration. Both the uplink and downlink
channels are used to transfer the measurements and maintain signal
quality, 116. Since the uplink channel quality is not known, the
C-RNC 506 makes the resource allocation using common measurements,
such as uplink timeslot interference signal code power (ISCP) and
Node-B carrier power, and the requested signal to interference
ratio (SIR) or SIR range.
The data rate for the low rate channel, R.sub.st, is a design
parameter. One potential allocation for the low rate channel is one
resource unit, although others can be used. The duration of the low
rate channel, T.sub.st, is preferably a fixed value, which is a
design parameter. The minimum duration is long enough to obtain the
uplink measurements. The duration should be sufficient to allow the
S-RNC 508 to send a new temp-DCH request to both the C-RNC 506, 118
and the WTRU 500. Such a request is preferably a reconfiguration
request. That reconfiguration request includes the information of
uplink measurements, such as the physical common packet channel
(PCCPCH) received signal code power (RSCP) and timeslot ISCP. The
duration should also be sufficient to allow the C-RNC 506 to
process the request and reconfigure the radio link before the end
of the first transmission, if the available resources permit the
reconfiguration, 120.
Preferably, the C-RNC 506 determines whether the low rate temp-DCH
can be supported in the uplink prior to the downlink, although the
downlink can be determined first. One approach to determine whether
the low rate temp-DCH can be supported is as follows, although
others can be used. For the C-RNC 506 to determine whether the low
rate uplink temp-DCH channel can be supported, the WTRU transmit
power, TransmitPower, is estimated such as follows. TransmitPower
ISCP Pathloss.sub.95% SIR.sub.T NoiseRise Margin Pathloss.sub.95%
is the maximum pathloss for the 95.sup.th percentile of the
distribution of WTRUs' pathlosses in the cell. This value is
typically computed beforehand and is stored in the C-RNC 506.
NoiseRise is the noise rise estimate which could be obtained, for
example, from simulations using the pathloss value of
Pathloss.sub.95%. SIR.sub.T is the target SIR. Margin is a design
parameter.
If estimated WTRU transmit power is larger than the WTRU maximum
transmit power, the uplink low rate temp-DCH channel is not
allocated for the uplink.
In the preferred embodiment, if the low rate temp-DCH can not be
allocated in the uplink, the C-RNC 506 will not consider a downlink
allocation. If the uplink is allocated, the WTRU transmit power is
estimated using the Node-B transmit carrier power, such as follows.
TransmitPower (ISCP Pathloss.sub.95%) SIR.sub.T Margin
The Pathloss and ISCP are correlated. The WTRU transmit power
follows a statistical distribution. The 95 percentile of WTRU
downlink transmit power given an average Node-B transmit carrier
power in neighboring cells, TXPower.sub.95%, is preferably
calculated and stored in the C-RNC 506. The maximum allowed
transmit power for the WTRU 500 in a timeslot,
TXCARRIER.sub.allowed, is based on the serving cell transmit
carrier power in a timeslot, TXCARRIER.sub.serving, and the maximum
transmit carrier power, such as follows. TXCARRIER.sub.allowed
TXCARRIER.sub.max TXCARRIER.sub.serving
If TXPower.sub.95% is less than TXCARRIER.sub.allowed, the downlink
low rate temp-DCH channel is allocated.
If resources can not be allocated to transfer the data, the request
is queued until it can be transmitted. If a maximum queuing time is
reached prior to sufficient resources being allocated, the request
is not transmitted. If multiple queues are used, the queues may be
partitioned based on priority or other criteria.
After resources are granted, the S-RNC 508 computes a duration
(transmission time period) based on the time required to transmit
available data and/or data predicted to arrive, 108. If the
duration is computed, this information may be transmitted to the
WTRU 500. Prior to the termination of the temp-DCH transmission,
the amount of data not transmitted may be evaluated and the S-RNC
508 may request additional resources to transmit the data. If the
resources are granted prior to expiration of the original duration,
the duration may be extended, creating a continuous activation. The
continuous activation typically improves power control
performance.
If the duration information is not transmitted to the WTRU 500, the
S-RNC 508 sends a termination message to both the WTRU 500 and
C-RNC 506. The sending of the termination message is based on the
prediction of the time to transmit all of the buffered data, which
tends to reduce the overhead. In some implementations, the C-RNC
506 may be capable to terminate a previously granted connection,
such as if the queued requests have higher priority.
The C-RNC 506 or S-RNC 508 may determine the duration of the
temp-DCH transmissions. The preferred duration calculation is based
on the amount of buffered data for each WTRU 500 and the associated
priorities. For a UMTS system, this information is reported by
traffic volume measurements. The duration is also based on the
allowed transport format set (TFS) and transport format combination
sets (TFCS). To facilitate the duration combination, the C-RNC 506
or S-RNC 508 may imitate the MAC-d behavior by running a selection
with the current data amounts, associated priorities and allowed
TFS/TFCS subsets as MAC-d inputs. In this way, the C-RNC 506 or
S-RNC 508 can calculate the time that MAC-d will need to transmit
the current buffered data and set the duration accordingly.
Alternately, the duration of the temp-DCH, T.sub.duration, can be
determined as follows. BO is the buffer occupancy and R.sub.max be
the maximum data rate accepted by the C-RNC 506 to the temp-DCH
(the maximum data rate accepted could be less than the maximum data
rate requested/desired). The duration is calculated as required to
empty the buffer if the maximum data rate is used, as follows.
.times. ##EQU00006## where Mtx is a margin configured by the
network operator.
The margin is used to increase the duration in order to allow for
time to send any acknowledgements required at the end of the
call/session. The calculated duration of the temp-DCH has to be
multiple of the longest TTI length in the TFCS of the CCTrCH,
T.sub.longest. Therefore, the calculated duration, T.sub.duration,
is computed as follows.
.times..times. .times..times..ident..apprxeq..times.
##EQU00007##
Alternately, the radio network controller determines if the
back-to-back allocation is needed for new data or for new
transmissions. If for new data, the request is entered into the
queue and treated like any other request. For retransmissions, the
allocation is extended for the duration necessary for the
retransmission. The retransmissions may occur at a lower data
rate.
A maximum and minimum duration can be defined. In that case the
allocated duration for Temp-DCH should not exceed the maximum
duration T.sub.max and cannot be less than the minimum duration,
T.sub.min. Therefore, If the calculated duration T.sub.duration is
no greater than T.sub.max, then the allocated duration will take
the value of calculated duration. Otherwise, the allocated duration
will take the value of maximum duration T.sub.max. If the
calculated duration T.sub.duration is no less than T.sub.min, then
the allocated duration takes the value of calculated duration.
Otherwise, the allocated duration will take the value of minimum
duration T.sub.min.
If after the allotted duration there is still enough data to
transmit, the S-RNC 508 will request a back-to-back allocation. In
the back-to-back allocation, a second temp-DCH transmission is made
directly after the initial transmission. The second transmission
may be at the same data rate or at a different data rate than the
initial transmission. If data is still present after the second
transmission, subsequent back-to-back allocations can be made.
For a back-to-back transmission as shown in the flow chart of FIG.
5, "near the end" of the prior duration, the C-RNC 506 sends an
extension request, 122. The request needs to be made in sufficient
time for the physical channel to be set up prior to the end of the
current allocation duration. This time period needs to account for
the signaling delay, assuming that the resources for the subsequent
allocation are available.
Preferably, the request is sent to the C-RNC 506. The C-RNC 506
processes the request the same way as the initial request, 124. If
the C-RNC 506 approves the request prior to the end of the current
temp-DCH, the coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH) continues
its transmission over the dedicated channel, 126. If the second
allocation is not made in time, the C-RNC 506 releases the
dedicated channel at the end of the duration.
An alternate procedure for a back-to-back allocation is as follows
and is shown in FIG. 6. Before the end of the temp-DCH duration,
the S-RNC 508 decides if an extension of the duration will be
required. The extension of the duration is a new allocation at the
WTRU side: the duration of the previously allocated temp-DCH will
expire, and a new temp-DCH will be configured.
The decision of whether or not to request a back-to-back allocation
should be made based on the latest received Traffic Volume
Measurements. TVM is the last traffic volume measurement (buffer
occupancy reported), R.sub.current is the maximum data rate
currently allocated to the Temp-DCH and D.sub.left is the duration
left for the current Temp-DCH (from the time where the last TVM was
received). The buffer occupancy, BO.sub.end, at the end of the
duration can be predicted to be as follows, 128. BO.sub.end TVM
R.sub.current D.sub.left
The smallest possible traffic volume is at the end of the duration
since it is assumed that the maximum data rate will be used and no
new packets will arrive. Back-to-back is requested if BO.sub.end is
greater than zero, 130.
If back-to-back allocations are to requested, the S-RNC 508 needs
to determine the rates to request, 132. The highest rate to request
can be calculated as follows.
.DELTA..times..times..times..times..times..times..DELTA..times.
##EQU00008##
TFC.sub.m is the TFC that represents the highest rate to request,
such that TFC.sub.m .tau. Rn M.sub.Rn! TFC.sub.m 1 where M.sub.Rn
is the margin configured by the network operator.
If back-to-back allocations are requested, the S-RNC 508 needs to
determine the duration of the allocation, 134. The duration can be
calculated as follows.
.times. ##EQU00009## where R.sub.max is the maximum data rate
accepted by the C-RNC 506 for the back-to-back allocation, Mtx is a
margin configured by the network operator.
Similarly, the calculated duration of the temp-DCH has to be
multiple of the longest TTI length in the TFCS of the CCTrCH,
T.sub.longest. Therefore, the calculated duration, T.sub.duration,
is computed as follows, 136.
.times..times. .times..times..ident..apprxeq..times.
##EQU00010##
One preferred approach to temp-DCH implemented in a UTRA-TDD
environment is as follows and is shown in FIG. 7. The temp-DCH
allocation is based on whether the WTRU intra-frequency
measurements are available in the C-RNC 506 and whether the
allocation is back-to-back.
After the temp-DCH allocation is triggered, due to Traffic Volume
Measurement (TVM) reporting from the WTRU 500 or S-RNC MAC, 138,
the S-RNC 508 sends a request for physical resources to the C-RNC
506, with a "CCTrCH to add" message, 140. If WTRU measurements are
available, 142, the S-RNC 508 adds the reported measurements to the
request, 144. These measurements are used by the C-RNC 506 to
perform resource allocation, 146. When the WTRU measurements are
not available, 142, the S-RNC 508 sends the request to the C-RNC
506 without WTRU measurements, 148. The C-RNC 506 performs the
resource allocation without WTRU measurements and, preferably, only
a low-rate allocation is made, 150. Alternately, the C-RNC 506 can
perform the resource allocation without the measurements without
utilizing the low-rate allocation.
Once the resources are allocated, the S-RNC 508 continues
monitoring the TVM. Prior to the end of the temp-DCH duration, the
NRT traffic manager at the S-RNC 508 decides whether to request a
back-to-back allocation, 152. In order to request a back-to-back
allocation, the S-RNC 508 sends a request with a "CCTrCH to modify"
message. Since the C-RNC 506 does not know the duration of the
temp-DCH allocation, the allocation is treated as being permanent
by the C-RNC 506. Accordingly, only a reconfiguration or a release
triggers changes in the CCTrCH. For the WTRU 500, the back-to-back
allocation is a new temp-DCH allocation with an activation time
equal to the end of the duration of the previous temp-DCH. As a
result, the WTRU 500 remains in a cell dedicated channel "CELL_DCH"
state.
Back-to-back requests cannot be queued, since they must be served
immediately in order to be able to be assigned to the WTRU 500
before the duration of the previously allocated temp-DCH expires
(i.e., "back-to-back"). Requests for new resources are queued for a
fixed period of time.
The signaling for the first temp-DCH allocation is different than
the signaling for subsequent allocations. This difference results
when there is no radio link established for that WTRU 500 in that
cell. A Radio Link Setup procedure is used. If a radio link is
already established, a Radio Link Reconfiguration procedure is
used. The Temp-DCH allocation procedures are described as
follows.
The non-real time (NRT)-TM in the S-RNC 508 is responsible for
deciding when a Temp-DCH allocation procedure should be triggered.
The decision is based on Traffic Volume Measurement reports from
the UE and the MAC-d in the S-RNC 508.
The first Temp-DCH allocation is triggered via a Radio Link Setup
procedure (i.e., the S-RNC 508 sends a "Radio Link Setup Request"
message to the C-RNC 506). Subsequent allocations are done using a
synchronized Radio Link Reconfiguration procedure (i.e., S-RNC 508
sends a "Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare" message to the C-RNC
506).
It is desired that a temp-DCH allocation be a synchronized
procedure. However, the first establishment of a temp-DCH is done
using a Radio Link Setup procedure. This procedure is always
unsynchronized in the UTRAN side (C-RNC 506 and Node-B 502); but
the S-RNC 508 may still assign an activation time to the WTRU
500.
Preferably, the following rules are used. For the first allocation,
the S-RNC 508 assigns an activation time to the WTRU 500 and
coordinate the activation time with the MAC in the S-RNC 508. Note
that, for the Node-B 502 and the C-RNC 506, the procedure is
unsynchronized, and the new configuration takes effect immediately
after the configuration (i.e., Node-B 502 starts sending special
bursts in the downlink as soon as it receives the "Radio Link Setup
Request"). All other allocations following the Radio Link Setup are
done using synchronized procedure in both WTRU 500 and UTRAN
sides.
The Call Admission Control procedure uses WTRU measurements to
allocated resources and is shown in FIG. 8. These measurements are
sent from the WTRU 500 to the S-RNC 508, and the S-RNC 508 forwards
them to the C-RNC 506. These measurements may not be available.
This following relates to the case where WTRU measurements are
available and sent to the C-RNC 506. However, this approach can be
applied if the measurements are not available.
The signaling for the first temp-DCH allocation for NRT services
when the uplink TVM triggers the temp-DCH allocation (WTRU
measurements of downlink (DL) Timeslot ISCP and P-CCPCH RSCP are
available at the S-RNC 508 and then forwarded to the C-RNC 506),
154. Common measurements, such as ISCP and carrier power, are sent
from the Node-B 502 to the S-RNC 508, 157.
The activation of temp-DCH is based on threshold crossing of the
traffic volume. Once the NRT-TM decides to allocate a Temp-DCH for
a CCTrCH, it determines the highest (desired) and lowest
(acceptable) rates to request for this CCTrCH, 156.
All the TFCs in the TFCS are ordered in order of increasing data
rate: {TFC1, TFC2, . . . TFCn}. A TFCm is picked to be the TFC that
represents the highest rate to request, such that the following
inequality is correct. TFC.sub.m .tau. Rn M.sub.Rn! TFC.sub.m 1
Where M.sub.Rn is the margin configured via overhead and
maintenance (O&M).
The margin is used to compensate for errors in the transmission
(causing retransmissions), for new packets that may arrive in the
buffer and also for any control messages over dedicated control
channels (DCCH) mapped to that CCTrCH. The minimum acceptable TFC
is the minimum TFC defined by O&M. The minimum and maximum TFCs
are preferable determined by the S-RNC 508.
Common measurements are sent from the Node-B 502 to the C-RNC 506,
160. The S-RNC 508 sends a "Radio Link Setup Request" message to
the Physical Resource Manager in the C-RNC 506, 158. The message
preferably contains the following information. Allowed queuing time
(input from O&M) UE Capabilities (as obtained from the "UE
Capability Information" message received in the S-RNC 508) Maximum
number of timeslots per frame Minimum SF Maximum number of physical
channel per timeslot Maximum number of physical channel per frame
in the DL CCTrCH information CCTrCH ID TFCS (represents the maximum
desired and minimum allowed data rates) TFCI coding Puncturing
Limit (PL) Downlink power control information TPC step size TPC
CCTrCH list Transport channel information TrCH ID TFS Target BLER
for each transport channel Transport channel source statistics
descriptor (used to distinguish between RT and NRT) as shown in
Table 1. UE Measurements P-CCPCH RSCP Timeslot ISCP Special burst
scheduling period (for DL transmission of special bursts)
Table 1 is a preferred mapping of transport channel statistic
descriptors into service type.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Transport Channel Source Statistics Service
Type Descriptor NRT Unknown Control RRC Signaling
The physical resource managers processing of a request is described
in conjunction with the flow chart of FIG. 9. For the physical
resource manager to process a request, 160, the following timers
are preferably used. Time that the request can stay in the queue,
Time that the S-RNC 508 can wait for a response,
The Physical Resource Manager will maintain a queue with the
requests. One illustrative example of entries in each request is as
follows, although others may be used: CCTrCH ID Flag M indicating
"measurements not available or invalid" (measurement is invalid if
the validity expired) M=1 if measurements are invalid M=0 if
measurements are valid Flag R indicating the "request validity
expired" R=1 if request validity expired R=0 if request is valid
Flag WM indicating "waiting for measurements" WM=1 if request is
waiting for measurements WM=0 if request has measurements available
Flag WR indicating "waiting for request update" WR=1 if request is
waiting for an update WR=0 if request is not waiting for an update
Flag NB indicating "Node-B measurements were unavailable". NB=1 if
request was rejected due to unavailability of Node-B measurements
NB=0 if Node-B measurements unavailability did not cause request to
be rejected Time-stamp of when the request for that CCTrCH arrived
for the first time (Tfirst) Time-stamp of when the latest request
for that CCTrCH arrived (Tlatest)
The following events are defined. Event A: a new request arrives,
208 Event B: resources became available (resources were released),
286 Event C: validity of any WTRU 500 in the queue expired, 296
The physical resource manager performs the following tasks. 1) If
an event happens, start procedure--go to step 2, 204, 206. 2) If
Event A, then check if the request is for a reconfiguration,
addition or handover, 210 a. if reconfiguration or handover, go to
step 5 b. if addition, go to step 6 3) If Event B, then check if
the queue is empty, 288 a. If yes, go back to step 1, 294. b. If
no, process the queue, 290, 292 4) If Event C, then go to procedure
to update request, 298, 300 5) if reconfiguration or handover,
check if the queue is empty or if ALL requests in the queue have
WM=1 or WR=1 (that means they are waiting for measurement or new
request, therefore they cannot be processed immediately) and the
request is not in the queue (for the case of handover, the request
is not in the queue), 212 a. if yes (queue is "empty" and request
is not in the queue, so it will be processed), i. set Flag M
according to measurement availability, 214 ii. set R=WM=WR=0, 216
iii. Run procedure to process the reconfiguration or handover
request, 218, 220 iv. Check if the request can be supported, 222,
1. if no, reject and delete the request 2. if yes, check if M=0 (if
M=1 then this is a low-rate allocation, request will be queued
waiting for measurements), 224 a. if yes, accept and delete the
request, 230 b. if no, accept the request and enqueue the request
with CCTrCH ID M=WM=1 WR=R=0 T.sub.first=T.sub.latest=current time,
228 v. Go back to step 1, 232 b. if no (queue is not "empty" and
request could be already in the queue), check if the request is in
the queue (CCTrCH ID is in the queue) (for the case of handover,
the request is not in the queue), 234 i. if yes (request was in the
queue waiting for measurements, so it will be processed, 240 1.
update flags M and WM according to measurements 2. set R=WR=0 3.
set T.sub.latest=current time 4. T.sub.first is NOT changed 5. Run
procedure to process the reconfiguration request 6. Check if
request can be supported, 246, a. if yes, check if M=0 (if M=1 then
this is a low-rate allocation, request will stay in the same
position in the queue waiting for measurements), 248 i. if yes,
accept the request and remove the request from the queue, 252 ii.
if no, accept the request and keep the request in the queue, 250 b.
if no, reject the request and keep the request in the queue, 254 7.
Go back to step 1, 256 ii. if no (request was not in the queue and
the queue is not empty, so it will not be processed), 1. reject and
delete the request (request for back-to-back cannot be queued), 236
2. go back to step 1, 256. 6) if addition, check if the queue is
empty, 258 a. if yes, i. enqueue the request with CCTrCH ID Flag M
according to measurements R=WM=WR=0
T.sub.first=T.sub.latest=current time, 260 ii. check if there are
any resources available in the cell (at least one timeslot+code
available for each direction), 262 1. If yes, 264, a. Run procedure
to process the addition request, 266 b. Check if request can be
supported, 302, i. if yes, check if M=0 (if M=1 then this is a
low-rate allocation, request will stay in the same position in the
queue waiting for measurements), 304 1. if yes, accept the request
and remove the request from the queue, 308 2. if no, accept the
request and keep the request in the queue, 306 ii. if no, continue
c. Go back to step 1, 310 2. If no, go back to step 1, 270 b. If
no, check if the request is already in the queue (CCTrCH ID already
exists in the queue) i. If yes, 1. update the following fields:
Flags: M, WM according to measurements R=WR=0 T.sub.latest=current
time T.sub.first is NOT changed, 272 2. Go to 6)b.iii ii. If no, 1.
enqueue the request with CCTrCH ID Flag M according to measurements
R=WM=WR=0 T.sub.first=T.sub.latest=current time, 274 2. Go to
6)b.iii iii. Check if there are resources available in the cell,
276 1. If yes, 278, a. run procedure to process the addition
request, 280 b. Check if request can be supported, 302, i. if yes,
check if M=0 (if M=1 then this is a low-rate allocation, request
will stay in the same position in the queue waiting for
measurements), 304 1. if yes, accept the request and remove the
request from the queue, 308 2. if no, accept the request keep the
request in the queue, 306 ii. if no, continue c. Go back to step 1,
310 2. If no, keep the request in the same position in the queue
and go back to step 1, 282, 284.
The procedure to update requests is as follows and is shown by the
flow chart of FIG. 10. 1) Select the request with validity expired,
312, 314, 316 2) Check if that request was rejected due to
unavailability of Node-B measurements (if NB=1), 318 a. if yes,
check is measurements are now available, 320. i. if yes, 324 run
procedure to perform normal allocation, 322. The input for this
procedure will be the list of currently available timeslots and
codes. Check if the request can be supported, 326 1. if yes, accept
the request and delete the request from the queue. The procedure is
over, 328. 2. if no, continue ii. if no, continue b. if no,
continue 3) Check if
T.sub.stay.sub.--.sub.in.sub.--.sub.queue<current
time-T.sub.first (time allowed to stay in queue expired), 330 a. If
no, continue b. If yes, the request is invalid. Reject the request
and remove the request from the queue, 332. The procedure is over,
338. 4) Check if WR=1 (waiting for new request), 334 a. If yes, the
procedure is over, 338 b. if no, the request is invalid. Reject the
request, keep the request in the queue and set WR=1, 336. The
procedure is over, 338.
The procedure to process the queue is as follows and is shown in
FIG. 11. 1) Select the first request in the queue, 340, 342, 344 2)
Run the procedure to process the request, 346, 348. Check if the
request can be supported, 350 a. if yes, accept the request and
delete the request from the queue, 352. Continue. b. if no,
continue 3) Check if there are still resources available in the
cell, 354 a. if yes, continue b. If no, procedure is over, 360 4)
Check if there are other requests in the queue, 356 a. if yes,
select the next request and go back to step 2, 358 b. if no, the
procedure is over, 360
The procedure to process a request for addition of a CCTrCH for a
low rate temp-DCH allocation is as follows and is shown in FIG. 12,
although other procedures may be used. One such alternate procedure
is to run a variant of a fast dynamic channel allocation (F-DCA)
call admission control algorithm that does not require
measurements. 1) Check if Node-B measurements are available, 362,
364, 366 a. if yes, continue b. if no, i. request cannot be
supported due to Node-B measurement unavailability ii. set NB=1,
368 2) Check if M=0 (WTRU measurements are available/valid), 372 a.
If no, WTRU measurements are not available. i. Run procedure to
allocate low-rate Temp-DCH. The input for this procedure will be
the list of currently available timeslots and codes, 374, 376. b.
If yes, WTRU measurements are available. i. Run procedure to
perform normal allocation, 378, 380. The input for this procedure
will be the list of currently available timeslots and codes. 3)
Complete procedure, 370
The procedure to process a request for reconfiguration is as
follows. 1) Check if Node-B measurements are available, 382, 384,
386 a. if yes, continue b. if no, i. request cannot be supported
due to Node-B measurements unavailability ii. set NB=1, 388 2)
Check if M=0 (WTRU measurements are available/valid), 392 a. If no,
WTRU measurements are not available. Run procedure to allocate
low-rate Temp-DCH. The input for this procedure will be the list of
currently available timeslots and codes plus the timeslots and
codes currently being used by the CCTrCH being reconfigured, 394,
396. b. If yes, WTRU measurements are available. Check if this is a
reconfiguration or handover request, 398 i. If reconfiguration,
check if the data rate requests (TFCS) is the same as the
previously allocated to that CCTrCH, 400 1. If yes, check if, in
the last measurement report received: DL Timeslot ISCP was higher
than a threshold, 402, or UL Timeslot ISCP was higher than a
threshold, 404, or Node-B 502 reached the maximum allowed transmit
power (Transmitted Carrier Power), 406 a. if no, then the currently
allocated resources will be kept for that CCTrCH, 408. b. if yes,
run procedure to perform normal allocation. The input for this
procedure will be the list of currently available timeslots and
codes plus the timeslots and codes currently being used by the
CCTrCH being reconfigured, 410, 412. 2. If no, run procedure to
perform normal allocation. The input for this procedure will be the
list of currently available timeslots and codes plus the timeslots
and codes currently being used by the CCTrCH being reconfigured,
410, 412. ii. If handover, run procedure to perform normal
allocation. The input for this procedure will be the list of
currently available timeslots and codes 3) Complete Procedure,
390
The procedure to allocate a low-rate TEMP-DCH is as follows and is
shown in FIG. 14. The input for this procedure is the list of
available timeslots and codes in the cell. 1) Allocation of
low-rate Temp-DCH in uplink, 414, 416, 418: Among al the uplink
timeslots whose Rus are not totally used, select the timeslot that
has the lowest ISCP, 420, as follows: a. In the uplink, uplink ISCP
for each timeslot is known. WTRU TX power is estimated as Transmit
Power=ISCP+PathLoss.sub.95%+SIR.sub.T+Noise Rise+Margin
PathLoss.sub.95% is the maximum path loss for 95.sup.th percentile
of the distribution of WTRU's path loss in this cell, which is
computed as follows: PathLoss.sub.95%=95% of the radius of the
cell+2 .zeta. where .zeta. is the standard deviation of lognormal
fading, which is a design parameter, 422. Noise Rise is the noise
rise estimate which could be obtained, such as by simulation using
path loss value of PathLoss.sub.95%. b. Check if Transmit
Power>WTRU maximum TX power i. if yes, no need to check other
timeslots because they have higher UL ISCP. No uplink timeslot can
accommodate the low-rate Temp-DCH. Go to step 3 ii. if no, uplink
resource is successfully allocated, 432. Go to step 2 2) Allocation
of low-rate Temp-DCH in downlink: For each available DL timeslot
(at least one code available), perform the following calculation a.
In the downlink, only Node-B Carrier Power of each timeslot is
known for the serving cell and neighboring cells, 434. Let TX
Power.sub.95% denote the DL transmit power for 95.sup.th percentile
of the distribution of DL transmit power in this cell given an
average Node-B carrier power in the neighboring cells. The value of
TX Power.sub.95% for a given timeslot in the cell is given as:
.times..times..function..DELTA..times..times..times..times..times..times.
##EQU00011## Where TXCARRIER.sub.serving denote the serving cell TX
carrier power (unit is watts) in the time timeslot, and .DELTA. and
E are design parameters. Let TXCARRIER.sub.max denote the maximum
TX carrier power (unit is watts) in the timeslot. Then, the maximum
allowed TX power for the UE in the timeslot, TXCARRIER.sub.allowed,
is TXCARRIER.sub.max-TXCARRIER.sub.serving. Compute the value of
TXCARRIER.sub.allowed-TX Power.sub.95%, 436. b. Among all downlink
timeslots, select the timeslot that has the highest value of
TXCARRIER.sub.allowed-TX Power.sub.95%, 440. Check if its value of
(TXCARRIER.sub.allowed-TX Power.sub.95%)>0, 442. i. if no, that
means no downlink timeslot can accommodate this low-rate Temp-DCH.
Go to step 3 ii. if yes, downlink resource is successfully
allocates. Go to step 4 3) Low-rate Temp-DCH cannot be allocated,
426. Set WM=0, 428. Procedure is over, 430. 4) Low-rate Temp-DCH
can be allocated, 444. Set WM=1, 446. Procedure is over, 430.
The procedure to allocate "Normal" temp-DCH is as follows and is
shown in FIG. 15. The input for this procedure is the list of
available timeslots and codes in the cell. 1) In the NRT request,
there is a "highest rate to request" in both directions, 448.
Consider the direction that has smallest "highest rate to request"
first. Check all the rates in the request in the order of the
decreasing rate to see which rate can be supported by the currently
available resources until it finds that a rate can be supported, as
follows: a. Select the highest data rate allowed in this direction,
450 b. Determine the required number of codes and their spreading
factors, c. Determine the value of SIR target to be used in the
resource allocation, 454. d. Run F-DCA-Call Admission Control using
the list of available timeslots and codes for the cell, 456. Check
if this data rate can be supported, 458 i. if yes, then this
request is approved and this rate is the rate to be allocated in
this direction. Go to step 2. ii. if no, check if this is the
lowest data rate allowed. The lowest acceptable rate is the minimum
DTCH data rate greater than zero. 1. if yes, go to step 3 2. if no,
select the next highest data rate allowed in this direction and go
back to step 1.b, 462 2) Consider the direction that has the
largest "highest rate to request". Check all the rates in the
request in the order of the decreasing rate to see which rate can
be supported by the currently available resources until it finds
that a rate can be supported. a. Select the highest data rate
allowed in this direction, 450 b. Determine the required number of
codes and their spreading factors, 452 c. Determine the value of
SIR target to be used in the resource allocation, 454. d. Run
F-DCA-Call Admission Control using the list of available timeslots
and codes for the cell, 456. Check if this data rate can be
supported, 458 i. if yes, then this request is approved and this
rate is the rate to be allocated in this direction, 460. ii. if no,
check if this is the lowest data rate allowed. The lowest
acceptable rate is the minimum DTCH data rate greater than zero. 1.
if yes, go to step 3 2. if no, select the next highest data rate
allowed in this direction and go back to step 2.b 3) Resources
cannot be allocated. This request cannot be supported by currently
available resources. 4) Process Complete, 464.
If physical resource manager is successful in assigning resources
for the service, the C-RNC 506 sends a "Radio Link Setup Request"
(NBAP) message, 170, to the Node-B 502. The message contains the
CCTrCH information necessary for the Node-B 502 to reserve the
necessary resources and configure the new radio link, as follows.
CCTrCH information: CCTrCH ID TFCS TFCI coding Puncturing Limit
(PL) TPC information Physical channel information Timeslot
information Channelization codes Frame allocation (continuous)
Downlink power control information Initial DL transmit power
Maximum and minimum DL transmit power TPC step size TPC CCTrCH list
UE measurements DL Timeslot ISCP Special burst scheduling period
(for DL transmission of special bursts)
In case of failure in the physical resource manager (e.g.,
resources not available), the C-RNC 506 sends a "Radio Link Setup
Failure" (RNSAP) message to the S-RNC 508. The Node-B 502 does not
have to be notified in case of the failure of the physical resource
manager (PRM).
If the radio link is successfully configured, Node-B 502 starts
transmission of data or special bursts and reception on the new
physical channel. Node-B 502 responds to the C-RNC 506 with a
"Radio Link Setup Response" (NBAP) message, 172. If the
configuration of the radio link was unsuccessful, Node-B 502
responds with a "Radio Link Setup Failure" (NBAP) message.
After the C-RNC 506 receives the "Radio Link Setup response" from
the Node-B 502, it informs the S-RNC 508 of the assigned physical
resources and the allocated rate for the NRT CCTrCH, by sending a
"Radio Link Setup Response" (RNSAP) message to the S-RNC 508, 174.
This message contains the following information. Physical channel
information Timeslot information Channelization codes Frame
allocation (continuous) The "allowed rate information" in the "DCH
Information Response" to indicate the TFI corresponding to the
highest allowed bit rate for the uplink and/or the downlink of a
DCH. Downlink power control information Maximum and minimum DL
transmit power Uplink power control information Initial UL SIR
target Maximum and minimum UL SIR target Maximum allowed UL
transmit power Node-B Measurements UL Timeslot ISCP P-CCPCH
transmit power
In case the resources cannot be successfully allocated, or if there
is a problem with Node-B configuration, if the C-RNC 506 sends a
"Radio Link Setup Failure" (NBAP) message from the Node-B 502, it
will send a "Radio Link Setup Failure" (RNSAP) message to the S-RNC
508.
After the S-RNC 508 receives the "Radio Link Setup Response"
message, it determines the activation time and duration of the
Temp-DCH, 176. The NRT-TM in the S-RNC 508 determines the
"activation time" of the temp-DCH as follows. 1. The S-RNC 508
determines the "minimum activation time", which is calculated
taking into account the delays in the messages. This is given as
T.sub.setup time units from the current CFN (T.sub.setup is the
time it takes to setup a physical channel in the UE). 2. If there
is already a CCTrCH allocated for that service (in which case this
is a back-to-back allocation), the S-RNC 508 determines the CFN
where the duration of the previous allocation expires,
CFN.sub.duration. a. If the "minimum activation time" .delta.
CFN.sub.duration, then "activation time"=CFN.sub.duration b. If the
"minimum activation time">CFN.sub.duration, then back-to-back
request cannot be supported. 3. If there is no CCTrCH allocated for
that service, then "activation time"="minimum activation time". The
data transmission can only start in a given CCTrCH at the TTI
boundary of that CCTrCH. The TTI boundary for a CCTrCH is given by
the CFN such that: CFN mod TTI.sub.longest=0 where TTI.sub.longest
is the longest TTI in the CCTrCH. If the activation time
determination is not TTI aligned, the S-RNC 508 chooses the next
largest CFN that is TTI aligned.
One approach to determine the duration of a "normal" temp-DCH is as
follows, although others may be used, such as when measurements are
available. In case the WTRU measurements are not available, a
low-rate temp-DCH will be allocated to the WTRU 500. When
determining the duration, the S-RNC 508 takes into account the fact
that measurements were not available and this is a low-rate
temp-DCH allocation (only for the WTRU 500 to send
measurements).
However, the C-RNC 506 may allocate a low-rate to the WTRU 500 even
when measurements are available (e.g., in case physical resources
are not available in that cell). In that case, the duration is
determined by the S-RNC 508 by considering this as a "normal"
temp-DCH allocation (since this allocation is not only to receive
measurements).
The NRT-TM in the S-RNC 508 determines the duration of the
temp-DCH, T.sub.duration, as follows. BO is the buffer occupancy
and R.sub.max be the maximum data rate allocated to the Temp-DCH.
The duration is preferably calculated as follows. T.sub.tx
BO/R.sub.max
The calculated duration of the Temp-DCH is a multiple of the
longest transmission time interval (TTI) length in the TFCS of the
CCTrCH, T.sub.longest. The calculated duration, T.sub.duration, is
computed as follows.
.times..times. .times..times..ident..apprxeq..times.
##EQU00012##
The allocated duration for temp-DCH does not exceed the maximum
duration T.sub.max and cannot be less than the minimum duration,
T.sub.min. As a result, the following occurs. If the calculated
duration T.sub.duration is no greater than T.sub.max, then
allocated duration takes the value of calculated duration.
Otherwise, allocated duration takes the value of maximum duration
T.sub.max. If the calculated duration T.sub.duration is no less
than T.sub.min, then allocated duration takes the value of
calculated duration. Otherwise, allocated duration takes the value
of maximum duration T.sub.min.
For low-rate temp-DCH, the duration is preferably always fixed,
T.sub.st. The S-RNC 508 notifies the WTRU 500 of any changes in
transport channel information and the new physical channel
configuration, 177. The changes in transport channel information
can be a change in data rate (TFC subset) and/or a change in the
beta factors in the TFCS. In order to configure the WTRU 500, the
S-RNC 508 performs as follows. In case there are no changes in the
transport channel information, send a "Physical Channel
Reconfiguration" (RRC) message. In case the TFCS changes (changes
in the beta factors) or the data rate changes (change the TFC
subset), send a "Transport Channel Reconfiguration" (RRC)
message
The message is sent on the DCCH/FACH and it contains the following.
CCTrCH information (if applicable) CCTrCH ID (TFCS ID) new TFCS (if
applicable) TFC Subset (if applicable) Physical channel information
timeslot information channelization codes frame allocation
(continuous) Downlink power control information DL TPC step size UL
CCTrCH TPC list Uplink power control information UL SIR target
Maximum allowed UL transmit power Node B measurements Uplink
Timeslot ISCP (present only if data rate is 1 or 2 Mbps, otherwise
the values are sent on the BCH)
When receiving the reconfiguration message, the WTRU RRC performs
the following, 178. Configure the physical layer with the physical
channel information and the new transport channel information
received in the message. Configure the MAC layer with the new
transport channel information (in case of changes in transport
channel information) and the new radio bearer mapping information
received in the message.
After receiving a confirmation from the physical layer that the
DPCH was successfully established, the WTRU RRC performs the
following. Send a "Complete" message to the S-RNC 508 over the
DCCH/Temp-DCH, 182. TVMs are collected at the S-RNC 508, 188 and
measurement reports are sent from the WTRU 500 to the S-RNC 508,
186.
After receiving the "Complete" message, the S-RNC RRC performs
notifies the MAC-d that downlink transmission on the DCCH can
start.
Before the end of the temp-DCH duration, the S-RNC 508 decides if
an extension of the duration will be required, 188. The extension
of the duration is a new allocation at the UE side: the duration of
the previously allocated temp-DCH will expire, and a new temp-DCH
will be configured. This procedure is called a "back-to-back
allocation".
The decision of whether or not to request a back-to-back allocation
is made based on the latest received Traffic Volume Measurements.
This decision is made T.sub.back-to-back ms before the duration
expires. T.sub.back-to-back takes into account the delay through
the system in order to allow for an allocation of a new temp-DCH
before the duration of the previously allocated temp-DCH expires.
T.sub.back-to-back is determined by O&M. The decision is made
as follows.
BO.sub.end is the buffer occupancy reported, R.sub.current is the
maximum data rate currently allocated to the temp-DCH and
D.sub.left the duration left for the current temp-DCH. The traffic
volume at the end of the duration is given by TVM BO R.sub.current
D.sub.left Back-to-back is requested if TVM is greater than zero.
If back-to-back allocations will not be requested, the S-RNC 508
will configure the CCTrCH to be deleted.
If a back-to-back allocation is not required, the S-RNC 508
configures the C-RNC 506 and the Node-B 502 to release the CCTrCH
at the end of the duration, using a synchronized procedure, 202,
such as follows. S-RNC 508 sends a "Radio Link Reconfiguration
Prepare" (RNSAP) message to the C-RNC 506 with the ID of the CCTrCH
to delete. The C-RNC 506 forwards the request to the Node-B 502 in
the "Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare" (NBAP) message. The Node-B
502 responds with a "Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready" (NBAP)
message to the C-RNC 506. The C-RNC 506 forwards the response to
the S-RNC 508 in the "Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready" (RNSAP)
message. The S-RNC 508 sends a "RL Reconfiguration Commit" (RNSAP)
message to the C-RNC 506, with the CFN in which the deletion must
take effect. The C-RNC 506 forwards "RL Reconfiguration Commit"
(NBAP) message to Node-B 502.
At the end of the duration, the WTRU 500 releases the temporary
dedicated physical channels. The transport channel information (TFS
and TFCS) remains the same.
At the end of the duration, the Node-B 502 and C-RNC 506 releases
the CCTrCH. The physical resources are released and the TFCS
information are deleted. The TFS remains the same.
Subsequent allocations (after the first Radio Link Setup procedure)
can be a back-to-back allocation (the WTRU 500 is in CELL_DCH with
Temp-DCH assigned) or just a "normal" allocation (the WTRU 500 is
in CELL_FACH) as shown in FIG. 16.
When back-to-back allocations are not required, the (subsequent)
allocation follows the same steps as in the first allocation with
the exception that a synchronized reconfiguration procedure with a
"CCTrCH to add" is used in the UTRAN side after the S-RNC 508
determines the rates to request.
When the WTRU 500 measurements are available, the signaling of the
RRM functions for subsequent temp-DCH allocations is as follows.
The activation of Temp-DCH is based on threshold crossing of the
traffic volume.
Once the NRT-TM decides to allocate a Temp-DCH for a CCTrCH, it
determines the rates to request for this CCTrCH as previously
described. The S-RNC 508 sends a "Radio Link Reconfiguration
Prepare" (RNSAP) message to the C-RNC 506 with a "CCTrCH to add"
message, 190.
This message includes the following. Allowed queuing time (input
from O&M) CCTrCH to add CCTrCH ID TFCS (represents the maximum
desired and minimum allowed data rates) TFCI coding Puncturing
Limit (PL) Downlink power control information TPC CCTrCH list
Transport channel information TrCH ID TFS Target BLER for each
transport channel Transport channel source statistics descriptor
(used to distinguish between RT and NRT) as shown in Table 1. UE
Measurements P-CCPCH RSCP Timeslot ISCP
The processing of the request by the physical resource manager is
performed in the same manner as in the first temp-DCH allocation
for a single service case. In the case of a failure in the physical
resource manager (e.g., resources are not available), the C-RNC 506
sends a "Radio Link Reconfiguration Failure" (RNSAP) message to the
S-RNC 508. The Node-B 502 does not have to be notified in case of
the failure of the physical resource manager (PRM).
If Physical Resource Manager is successful in assigning resources
for the service, the C-RNC 506 sends a "Radio Link Reconfiguration
Prepare" (NBAP) message to the Node-B 502, 192. The message
contains the CCTrCH information necessary for the Node-B 502 to
reserve the necessary resources and configure the new radio link,
as follows. CCTrCH to add CCTrCH ID TFCS TFCI coding Puncturing
Limit (PL) Physical channel information Timeslot information
Channelization codes Frame allocation (continuous) Downlink power
control information Initial DL transmit power Maximum and minimum
DL transmit power TPC CCTrCH list
If the resources are successfully reserved, Node-B 502 responds to
the C-RNC 506 with a "Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready" (NBAP)
message, 194. If the configuration of the radio link was
unsuccessful, Node-B 502 responds with a "Radio Link
Reconfiguration Failure" (NBAP) message.
The S-RNC 508 of the assigned physical resources and the allocated
rate for the NRT CCTrCH, are performed by sending a "Radio Link
Reconfiguration Ready" (RNSAP) message to the S-RNC 508, 196. This
message contains the following information. Physical channel
information Timeslot information Channelization codes Frame
allocation (continuous) The "allowed rate information" in the "DCH
Information Response" to indicate the TFI corresponding to the
highest allowed bit rate for the uplink and/or the downlink of a
DCH. Downlink power control information Maximum and minimum DL
transmit power Node-B Measurements UL Timeslot ISCP P-CCPCH
transmit power
In case the resources cannot be successfully allocated, or if there
is a problem with Node-B configuration, if the C-RNC 506 sends a
"Radio Link Setup Failure" (NPAB) message from the Node-B 502, it
sends a "Radio Link Setup Failure" (RNSAP) message to the S-RNC
508. If successful, the S-RNC 508 sends the Node-B 502 via the
C-RNC 506 a "Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit" message, 190,
192.
The determining of whether or not to request a back-to-back
allocation and the procedures when a back-to-back allocation is not
needed are as previously described. If a back-to-back allocation is
needed, the NRT-TM in the S-RNC 508 determines the rates to request
and send a request to the C-RNC 506 to modify the CCTrCH ("CCTrCH
to modify" in the "Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare"
message).
If back-to-back allocations will be requested, the NRT-TM
determines the rates to request. Rates to request are calculated,
where TVM takes the value as follows. TVM BO.sub.end R.sub.current
D.sub.left
BO.sub.end is the buffer occupancy reported, R.sub.current is the
maximum data rate currently allocated to the temp-DCH and
D.sub.left is the duration left for the current temp-DCH.
After the range of rates to request is determined, the S-RNC 508
sends a "Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare" (RNSAP) message to the
C-RNC 506 with the "CCTrCH to modify", including as follows. The ID
of the CCTrCH to modify. The new TFCS. If the TFCS information is
the same as the previous one, the new TFCS does not need to be
sent. WTRU Measurements
When receiving the request for a reconfiguration, the C-RNC 506
checks if there are any requests pending. If there are no other
requests pending, the request is be processed as previously
described. After the request is processed, if the allocation is
successful (resources are available), the C-RNC 506 forwards the
request to the Node-B 502 in the "Radio Link Reconfiguration
Prepare" (NBAP) message with the newly allocated physical
resources.
If the reconfiguration (i.e., back-to-back allocation) cannot be
performed (e.g., because there are other requests pending for the
same cell or Node-B 502 cannot support the configuration), the
C-RNC 506 responds with a "Radio Link Reconfiguration Failure"
(RNSAP) message to the S-RNC 508. In this case, after receiving the
failure response, the S-RNC 508 configures the CCTrCH to be deleted
at the end of the duration (using a synchronized reconfiguration
procedure). In this case, after the duration is over, the S-RNC 508
sends a new request to add a new CCTrCH. If this new request for
addition of CCTrCH cannot be served immediately, it will be queued
at the C-RNC 506.
If there are changes in the physical resources, the following
applies. If Physical Resource Manager is successful in assigning
resources for the service, the C-RNC 506 sends a "Radio Link
Reconfiguration Prepare" (NBAP) message to the Node-B 502. The
message contains the CCTrCH information necessary for the Node-B
502 to reserve the necessary resources and configure the new radio
link, as follows. CCTrCH to modify ID of the CCTrCH to modify The
new TFCS. If the TFCS information is the same as the previous one,
the new TFCS does not need to be sent. Physical channel information
Timeslot information Channelization codes Frame allocation
(continuous) Downlink power control information TPC CCTrCH list
In one possible implementations, although others may be used, the
Node-B 502 will only be notified of a back-to-back allocation in
case there are changes in the physical resources. If the physical
resources remain the same, since Node-B 502 is not configured with
a "duration", the back-to-back allocation will transparent to
Node-B 502.
If there are changes in the physical resources, the following
applies. The sending of the radio link reconfiguration ready to the
S-RNC 508 and the NRT traffic manager determining activation time
and duration are performed as previously described.
After receiving the response from the C-RNC 506, if the allocation
is successful, the S-RNC NRT-TM calculates the activation time and
duration. If the CFN for the activation time is greater than the
CFN where the duration of the previous Temp-DCH ends, then
back-to-back allocation cannot be supported (since the WTRU 500
will release the old Temp-DCH and there will be no new Temp-DCH
assigned). In this case, the S-RNC 508 will cancel the
reconfiguration by sending a "Radio Link Reconfiguration Cancel"
(RNSAP) message to the C-RNC 506 and then configure the deletion of
the CCTrCH (by using a synchronized procedure.
If the activation time is valid, the UTRAN RRC configures the MAC
layer with the new transport channel information (in case of
changes in transport channel information). The sending of the new
configuration to the WTRU 500 is the same as previously described,
except that the messages is sent on the DCCH/Temp-DCH.
When receiving the reconfiguration message, the WTRU RRC configures
the lower layers, as follows. Configure the physical layer with the
physical channel information and the new transport channel
information received in the message. Configure the MAC layer with
the new transport channel information (in case of changes in
transport channel information).
The sending of the response to the UTRAN and the receiving of the
response from the WTRU 500 are performed as previously
described.
If the Traffic Volume Measurement in the downlink (S-RNC 508) is
the one that triggered the temp-DCH allocation, no intra-frequency
measurements is reported by the WTRU 500. In this case, the NRT-TM
in the S-RNC 508 sends the request to the PRM in the C-RNC 506
without the measurements.
If there is no radio link established in that cell for that WTRU
500, a Radio Link Setup procedure will be used by the S-RNC 508 to
establish a low-rate Temp-DCH; otherwise, a synchronized
reconfiguration procedure will be used by the S-RNC 508. When
receiving the request without measurements, the PRM in the C-RNC
506 processes the request. A low-rate Temp-DCH is allocated to the
WTRU 500. The C-RNC 506 makes the decision to allocate a low rate.
The S-RNC 508 sends the request to the C-RNC 506 with the highest
and lowest rate to request as it would for any other procedure.
When the NRT-TM receives the response from the C-RNC 506 (with the
DPCH information), it determines the low-rate Temp-DCH activation
time and duration. When determining the duration, the S-RNC 508
will take into account the fact that measurements were not
available and this is a low-rate temp-DCH allocation.
The C-RNC 506 may allocate a low-rate to the WTRU 500 even when
measurements are available (e.g., in case physical resources are
not available in that cell). In that case, the duration is
determined by the S-RNC 508 by considering this as a "normal"
temp-DCH allocation (since this allocation is not only to receive
measurements).
The S-RNC RRC configures the lower layers and sends the new
configuration to the WTRU 500. The WTRU RRC configures the lower
layers and sends the response to the UTRAN. The UTRAN proceeds as
previously described. After the low-rate Temp-DCH is allocated,
data transmission initiation will follow the rules as previously
described.
When the S-RNC 508 receives the TVM report from the WTRU 500,
together with the intra-frequency measurements, the S-RNC 508 will
determine if another allocation is required (i.e., if back-to-back
is required) and, if required, the range of rates to request for
the back-to-back allocation. The S-RNC 508 will send the "Radio
Link Reconfiguration Prepare" message with "CCTrCH to modify", at
this time together with the measurements. The C-RNC 506 will then
process the request as previously described. If the allocation by
the PRM is successful, the S-RNC 508 will determine the activation
time and duration of the new Temp-DCH. If the activation time is
valid, the S-RNC RRC will configure the lower layers and sends the
new configuration to the WTRU 500. The WTRU RRC configures the
lower layers, as previously described.
FIG. 17 is a messaging diagram for a successful allocation of a
back-to-back request. FIG. 18 is a messaging diagram for a
successful back-to-back request for an unsuccessful allocation,
when resources are not available. FIG. 19 is a messaging diagram
for an unsuccessful back-to-back allocation, when the activation
time is invalid. In FIG. 19, a "Radio Link Reconfiguration Cancel"
message 466, 468 is sent from the S-RNC 508 to the Node-B 502 via
the C-RNC 506.
As described in the previously, the procedures used to support NRT
services require close interaction between the C-RNC 506 and S-RNC
508. The interaction between C-RNC 506 and S-RNC 508 are described
as follows.
When the NRT-TM in the S-RNC 508 decides to request resources, it
sends the request with a subset of allowed TFCs (which represents
the range of rates requested) to the C-RNC 506. If the request is
for a new allocation, it will include the IE "CCTrCH to add"; if
the request is for a back-to-back allocation, it will contain the
IE "CCTrCH to modify".
Requests to add a CCTrCH do not have to be supported immediately,
they can be queued. The S-RNC 508 will include the IE "allowed
queuing time" in the request. The "allowed queuing time" tells the
Physical Resource Manager in the C-RNC 506 that, if this request
can be filled, then the "activation time" of resource allocation
has to be earlier than the time when the allowed queuing time
expires. This implies that the request has a validity period,
T.sub.validity, and if the request is not fulfilled before the
validity period expires, the C-RNC 506 must send a reject to the
S-RNC 508.
Requests to add a CCTrCH do not have to be supported immediately,
they can be queued. The S-RNC 508 will include the IE "allowed
queuing time" in the request. The "allowed queuing time" tells the
Physical Resource Manager in the C-RNC 506 that, if this request
can be filled, then the "activation time" of resource allocation
has to be earlier than the time when the allowed queuing time
expires. This implies that the request has a validity period,
T.sub.validity, and if the request is not fulfilled before the
validity period expires, the C-RNC 506 must send a reject to the
S-RNC 508.
In order to calculate the validity period, the time to setup
physical resources has to be taken into account. It usually takes
100-200 ms to set up physical channel (signaling delay on Iur/Uu);
this delay is denoted by T.sub.setup. Thus, the request validity
period is given by T.sub.validity Allowed Queuing Time T.sub.setup
The allowed queuing time and T.sub.setup are inputs from
O&M.
Requests of "CCTrCH to add" that are in the queue will be served
when resources become available. Requests that cannot be supported
before the validity period expires (T.sub.validity) will be
rejected and a "Radio Link Reconfiguration Failure" (RNSAP) message
is sent to the S-RNC 508.
When a request is rejected because T.sub.validity expired, the
C-RNC 506 does not remove the request from the queue; the request
stays in the same position in the queue waiting for the new updated
request. Requests can stay in the queue for
T.sub.stay.sub.--.sub.in.sub.--.sub.queue ms, where
T.sub.stay.sub.--.sub.in.sub.--.sub.queue! T.sub.validity. That
means that a request may be rejected a few times before being
finally removed from the queue. For example, if
T.sub.stay.sub.--.sub.in.sub.--.sub.queue=3 T.sub.validity, then
the request will be rejected 3 times, and only removed from the
queue in the third time. T.sub.stay.sub.--.sub.in.sub.--.sub.queue
is a design parameter configured by O&M.
As per standards requirements, the S-RNC 508 is not allowed to send
another request for the same radio link before the current request
is rejected by the C-RNC 506. In this way, a reject from the C-RNC
506 allows the S-RNC 508 to update the measurements and/or data
rate requested, at the same time allowing the WTRU 500 to stay in
the same position in the queue.
When serving a request of a CCTrCH to add, the Physical Resource
Manager determines if there are resources available to support this
request. The Physical Resource Manager will check all the rates in
the request (in order of the decreasing rate) and verify which rate
can be supported. If the PRM finds that even the minimum acceptable
rate in the request cannot be supported, the request will be kept
in the queue.
When serving a request of a CCTrCH to add, the Physical Resource
Manager determines if there are resources available to support this
request. The Physical Resource Manager will check all the rates in
the request (in order of the decreasing rate) and verify which rate
can be supported. If the PRM finds that even the minimum acceptable
rate in the request cannot be supported, the request will be kept
in the queue.
When assigning resources, in case the WTRU measurements are not
available, the PRM in the C-RNC 506 will assign a low-rate channel
that will be used by the WTRU 500 to report measurements. When a
low-rate is assigned, the request is not removed from the queue;
the request stays in the same position in the queue (for at most
T.sub.stay.sub.--.sub.in.sub.--.sub.queue ms), waiting for a new
update request (new request with measurements). The request is then
served when the new request (with measurements) arrives. If the new
request still does not have measurements, another low-rate channel
is assigned.
When assigning resources, in case the WTRU measurements are not
available, the PRM in the C-RNC 506 will assign a low-rate channel
that will be used by the WTRU 500 to report measurements. When a
low-rate is assigned, the request is not removed from the queue;
the request stays in the same position in the queue (for at most
T.sub.stay.sub.--.sub.in.sub.--.sub.queue ms), waiting for a new
update request (new request with measurements). The request is then
served when the new request (with measurements) arrives. If the new
request still does not have measurements, another low-rate channel
is assigned.
After resources are allocated, the C-RNC 506 sends the response to
the S-RNC 508. The S-RNC 508 then calculates the activation time
and duration of the Temp-DCH. The activation time should be as soon
as possible (S-RNC 508 must take into account delays through the
system in order to determine what "as soon as possible" is). The
S-RNC 508 configures the C-RNC 506 with the activation time ("Radio
Link Reconfiguration Commit" message).
At every Temp-DCH allocation, T.sub.back-to-back ms before the end
of the duration, the NRT-TM in the S-RNC 508 decides if a
back-to-back allocation is needed. If so, it sends a request with a
"CCTrCH to modify" to the C-RNC 506. If not, the S-RNC 508 must
configure the deletion of the CCTrCH in the C-RNC 506 by including
the IE "CCTrCH to delete". T.sub.back-to-back is a design parameter
configured by O&M.
Requests to modify a CCTrCH are requests for back-to-back
allocations and cannot be queued, they must be either served
immediately or rejected. In this case, the "allowed queuing time"
IE, which is an optional parameter in the "Radio Link
Reconfiguration Prepare" (RNSAP) message, is absent. In this case
T.sub.validity=0.
When receiving a request for a back-to-back allocation (IE "CCTrCH
to modify"), the PRM checks if there are any resources available
and, if so, it processes the request. If the data rate requested
(TFCS requested) is the same as the data rate already assigned to
that CCTrCH, the same resources can be kept for the user. Because
F-DCA-Escape and Background are not run for NRT services, the PRM
first verifies if the measurements (interference and Node-B power)
are acceptable in all of the allocated resources. This verification
is the same as the one done for F-DCA Escape. .xi. DL interference
measured by a WTRU 500 is high (DL Timeslot ISCP) .xi. UL
interference measured by Node-B 502 is high (UL Timeslot ISCP) .xi.
Node-B 502 reached the maximum allowed transmit power (Transmitted
Carrier Power)
The threshold values are determined by O&M. The values can be
different than the ones used in F-DCA-Escape. If at least one of
the conditions above was true in the last measurement report (from
the WTRU 500 or Node-B 502), then the current allocation is
considered not to be appropriate and the PRM will call the
F-DCA-Call Admission Control function in order to determine new
resource allocation. Similarly, if the data rate requested (TFCS)
is not the same as the currently allocated, PRM call F-DCA-Call
Admission Control.
When running F-DCA-Call Admission Control for back-to-back
allocations, the physical resources currently assigned to that
CCTrCH are considered to be free in the algorithm. This is because
the C-RNC 506 "knows" that this is a back-to-back allocation, and
the activation time will be the end of the duration of the
previously allocated Temp-DCH, and therefore the currently
allocated resources will be released by the WTRU 500.
If resources are available, the C-RNC 506 sends the response to the
S-RNC 508 ("Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready" message). The S-RNC
508 then calculates the activation time and duration of the
Temp-DCH. In case of back-to-back, the activation time should be
the CFN at the end of the duration of the previously allocated
Temp-DCH. The S-RNC 508 configures the C-RNC 506 with the
activation time ("Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit" message).
If the response from the C-RNC 506 arrives too late to perform a
back-to-back (the activation time is greater than the end of the
duration of the previously allocated Temp-DCH), the S-RNC 508 must
cancel the reconfiguration request ("Radio Link Reconfiguration
Cancel" message). After the reconfiguration is cancelled, the S-RNC
508 will configure the C-RNC 506 to delete the CCTrCH at the end of
the duration (since the C-RNC 506 does not know the duration of the
Temp-DCH). The S-RNC 508 will then send a new updated request with
"CCTrCH to add" after the end of the duration of the previously
allocated Temp-DCH.
If resources are not available, the C-RNC 506 sends a reject to the
S-RNC 508 ("Radio Link Reconfiguration Failure" message). After
receiving the reject, the S-RNC 508 has to configure the deletion
of the CCTrCH (since the C-RNC 506 does not know the "duration" of
the Temp-DCH). After the Temp-DCH duration is over, the S-RNC 508
can send a new request with updated measurements and updated data
rate to request (updated TFCS).
Table 2 is a list of parameter input into the NRT traffic
manager.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Parameters Units Source Full TFCS for the
CCTrCH Transport Format Manager TVM bits UE and S-RNC MAC Maximum
duration of Temp-DCH, T.sub.max ms O&M initialization function
Minimum duration of Temp-DCH, T.sub.min ms O&M initialization
functionsuggested value is 1000 ms Margin for calculation of
maximum rate to request, M.sub.Rn ms O&M initialization
function Duration of low-rate Temp-DCH, T.sub.st ms O&M
initialization function suggested value is 1000 ms Time it takes to
setup a physical channel in the UTRAN ms O&M initialization
function side (send a request for physical resources to the C-RNC,
suggested value is 200 ms process request, configure Node-B, and
send the response), UTRAN.sub.setup Time (before Temp-DCH duration
expires) when S-RNC ms O&M initialization function must decide
whether or not to perform back-to-back, T.sub.back-to-back Allowed
queuing time sec O&M initialization function Minimum allowed
rate, R.sub.st bps O&M initialization function
Table 3 is a list of parameter for the physical resource manager
for NRT services.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Parameters Units Source Time that the
request can stay in the queue,
T.sub.stay.sub.--.sub.in.sub.--.sub.queue sec O&M
initialization function suggested value is 6 seconds Time it takes
to setup a physical channel in the UE (time ms O&M
initialization function is takes to send the message from S-RNC to
the UE plus suggested value is 200 ms the internal delay in the UE
to configure lower layers), T.sub.setup allowed queuing time ms "RL
Setup Request" message from S-RNC UL and DL Timeslot ISCP
thresholds for back-to-back O&M initialization function
allocations Rate of triggering algorithm to update request
validity, ms design decision T.sub.rate
FIG. 20 is a simplified diagram of a WTRU 500 or RNC 504 having a
MAC 474 with a start/stop device 476. The MAC Layer 474 in the WTRU
500 and in the RNC 504, such as in the third generation partnership
project (3GPP) UMTS system, is responsible for scheduling of data
transmission in the uplink and downlink, respectively. A logical
channel is used for communication between the RLC 470 and the MAC
layers 476. The RLC 470 measures its buffer occupancy and reports
these measurements to the MAC 474, allowing the MAC 474 to
pre-determine multiplexing and scheduling choices. When requested
by the MAC 474, the RLC 470 builds and delivers PDUs (Protocol Data
Units) to the MAC 474, using the logical channel.
The RRC layer 470 in the RNC 504 is responsible for configuration
of resources for every cell controlled by that RNC 504 and for
every user in a cell controlled by the RNC 504. This involves
configuration of lower layers in RNC 504, of Node-B 502 (via NBAP
signaling over the Iub) and of WTRU 500 (via RRC signaling over the
air). When the WTRU RRC 472 receives configuration from the RNC RRC
472, the WTRU RRC 472 is responsible for configuration of lower
layers in the WTRU 500.
When a configuration or reconfiguration procedure is invoked, the
new configuration must take effect at the activation time
determined by the RNC RRC 504. If an activation time is not defined
by the RNC RRC 472, then the configuration must take effect
immediately.
When designing the WTRU 500 and RRC 472, this rule is taken into
account. For example when the WTRU 500 is told to perform handover
at a certain CFN, the WTRU 500 must be ready to transmit and
receive data at that given CFN. However, that does not mean that
the WTRU 500 has to start transmitting data at the specific CFN.
According to standards rules, if data is not provided by the higher
layers to the physical layer, the physical layer will send "special
bursts", which are dummy data just to keep the link alive.
During a reconfiguration, even a synchronized reconfiguration,
there is a period of time where the channel is unstable. Because of
that, there are situations where it may be desirable that the RRC
472 configures the lower layer to stop the data transmission over
the air, in which case the physical layer will send the special
bursts instead. This guarantees that actual data is not lost.
This feature is currently available in the RLC layer 470 of the
3GPP UMTS system. This is a stop/continue function which works as
follows. When an RLC entity 470 is "stopped" by the RRC 472, the
RLC 470 entity will stop submitting any RLC PDUs to lower layer or
receiving any RLC PDUs. When a RLC entity 470 is "continued" by
upper layers, the RLC entity 470 will continue the data
transmission and reception.
The stop/continue function is unsynchronized; when the RLC 470 is
told to stop, it will stop immediately. Because the RLC 470 is not
aware of frame numbers (CFN or SFN), the RRC 472 is not able to
stop the transmission at any specific frame number.
A start/stop function, such as performed by a start/stop device
476, in the MAC layer 474 allows the RRC 472 in the WTRU 500 and
RNC 504 to request the MAC 474 to start or stop requesting data for
a specific logical channel in a specific radio frame. When the MAC
474 is told to stop the transmission of a logical channel in a
specific radio frame, that channel becomes "inactive" at that radio
frame. When the MAC 474 is told to start the transmission of a
logical channel in a specific radio frame, that channel becomes
"active" at that radio frame. When performing TFC Selection (which
is the procedure used by the MAC 474 for scheduling of data
transmission), the MAC 474 will not take into account the buffer
occupancy of the inactive logical channels.
The MAC 474 considers every channel to be active when first
configured, and the channel would remain active as long as there is
no stop command for that channel. When a stop command is received,
the channel becomes inactive in the specified radio frame. This
would be similar to the stop/continue function of the RLC layer
470. Another option is to consider every channel to be inactive
when first configured, and the channel would remain inactive as
long as there is no start command for that channel. The MAC 474
would only start using that channel in the TFC selection in the
frame specified in a start command.
The start/stop MAC feature can potentially be implemented
independently by WTRU 500 and RNC manufactures. This function can
be implemented via a primitive in between RRC 472 and MAC 476,
which would identify the logical channel, the frame number (CFN)
and whether to start or stop the transmission of that given logical
channel at the specified CFN.
This function can also work for cases where unsynchronized
start/stop is desired. In that case, the radio frame specified
should be given as "now", which means the start/stop command should
take effect immediately.
When a procedure is used to perform a modification in the channel
configuration, the start/stop MAC feature may be used by both WTRU
500 and RNC 504 independently. The criteria of when the MAC 474
should stop and start requesting data from the RLC layer 470 (to
send to the Physical Layer) can be a function as follows. If it is
WTRU or RNC side The procedure being used (Establishment, Handover,
Reconfiguration, Release, etc) The type of procedure being used
(synchronized or unsynchronized) The type of logical channel (DTCH
or DCCH) For traffic channel (DTCH), the type of service (CS or
PS)
To illustrate the applicability of the start/stop function, an
example of a handover procedure using it follows. Handover
procedures may involve circuit switched (CS) or packet switched
(PS) domain services, or both. During handover of a CS domain
service (e.g., voice call), data duplication/combining can be used
in the RNC side and since this is a delay sensitive application,
data transmission should not stop. Packets may be dropped, but this
is preferable over delaying the transmission.
Handover of a PS domain service (e.g., web application), data
transmission can be delayed until the user is synchronized in the
new cell. If the handover is done via a synchronized procedure, the
data can be stopped for a fixed number of frames, starting at the
activation time.
Handover of PS and CS domain can use different rules for each
service, since they are mapped to different logical channels. The
CS domain traffic should not be delayed, but the PS domain traffic
can be delayed until the user is synchronized in the new cell.
The number of frames for which the WTRU 500 and RNC 504 stop
transmission of each logical channel may be a function of several
factors. For example, in the WTRU side, the WTRU manufacturer knows
how long it takes (approximately) for the WTRU 500 to synchronize
in a new cell. This depends, for example, if this is an
inter-frequency or intra-frequency handover. So the start/stop
function can be designed accordingly. In the RNC side, the operator
may want to wait until it receives the response from the WTRU 500
indicating the successful handover before start transmitting.
The usage of start/stop function also applies to the signaling
channel. The signaling channel may follow the same rules as the PS
domain service (since it is not delay sensitive as CS domain
service). However, when appropriate, different rules can apply to
traffic and signaling channel. Even if two logical channels are
mapped into the same transport channel, different rules can apply
for each logical channel of the given transport channel.
* * * * *