U.S. patent number 7,375,493 [Application Number 10/733,820] was granted by the patent office on 2008-05-20 for inductive battery charger.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Microsoft Corporation. Invention is credited to John Charles Calhoon, Leroy B. Keely, William Mitchell.
United States Patent |
7,375,493 |
Calhoon , et al. |
May 20, 2008 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Inductive battery charger
Abstract
An inductive charging system transfers energy by inductively
coupling a source coil on a power source to a receiver coil for a
battery charger. Source current may be received in the battery
charger and converted for charging a battery pack. A wireless
communication arrangement may also provide for authentication of
devices that are allowed by the source to be powered or otherwise
charged.
Inventors: |
Calhoon; John Charles
(Woodinville, WA), Keely; Leroy B. (Portola Valley, CA),
Mitchell; William (Medina, WA) |
Assignee: |
Microsoft Corporation (Redmond,
WA)
|
Family
ID: |
34653204 |
Appl.
No.: |
10/733,820 |
Filed: |
December 12, 2003 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20050127868 A1 |
Jun 16, 2005 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
320/108;
320/106 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F
1/26 (20130101); H02J 7/00045 (20200101); G06F
21/81 (20130101); H02J 50/10 (20160201); H02J
50/80 (20160201); G06F 2221/2129 (20130101); H02J
50/40 (20160201) |
Current International
Class: |
H02J
7/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;320/106,108,132,DIG.21,136 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Splashpower, Product Overview, www.splashpower.com, p. 1, Dec. 12,
2003. cited by other .
Smart Battery System Specifications, Smart Battery Data
Specification, Revision 1.1, 54 pages, Dec. 11, 1998. cited by
other .
Smart Battery System Specifications, Smart Battery Charger
Specification, Revision 1.1, 39 pages, Dec. 11, 1998. cited by
other.
|
Primary Examiner: Berhane; Adolf
Assistant Examiner: Berhanu; Samuel
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Birch, Stewart, Kolasch &
Birch, LLP
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A computer implemented method of providing inductive energy to a
battery charger assembly, the method comprising the steps of: at
the battery charger assembly, a coil wirelessly receiving a polling
message from an inductive source by listening for the source to
alternate between an energized state and a de-energized state at
regular intervals, the polling message being received while the
battery charger assembly is in a polling listening mode;
transmitting a request for power to the source responsive to
receiving the polling message; receiving inductive power via the
coil from the source responsive to the request, displaying an
object on a graphical user interface indicative of the step of
receiving for indicating a type of power being received; outputting
a direct current powered by the received inductive power; and
supplying the direct current to a separate battery pack, the
battery pack being detachable from the battery charger
assembly.
2. The method in accordance with claim 1, in which the step of
transmitting includes a step of transmitting a plurality of power
parameters to the source.
3. The method in accordance with claim 1, in which the step of
transmitting includes a step of transmitting authenticating data to
the source.
4. The method in accordance with claim 1, further including a step
of converting the inductive power to a direct current responsive to
the step of receiving.
5. The method in accordance with claim 1, further including a step
of receiving power parameters from a battery pack, and storing the
power parameters in a computer readable memory.
6. The method in accordance with claim 5, in which the step of
transmitting includes a step of transmitting the power parameters
to the source.
7. An energy transfer apparatus, comprising: a power pickup coil
for receiving inductive energy from an inductive power source and
for transmitting power to a power supply; the power supply for
receiving power from the power pickup coil and for transmitting
power to an electrical load, and operatively connected to a
processor unit; the electrical load for receiving power from the
power supply and operatively connected to the processor unit; the
processor unit for processing computer readable data, and
operatively connected to the power supply, the electrical load, and
a communications unit; a memory for storing computer readable data
relevant to receiving power from an inductive energy source, and
operatively connected to the processor unit, and, the
communications unit operatively connected to the processor unit
wherein the communications unit includes circuitry for receiving a
polling message from the inductive power source, while in a polling
listening mode, by listening for the inductive power source to
alternate between an energized state and de-energized state at
regular intervals, and transmitting a request for power message to
the inductive power source.
8. The apparatus in accordance with claim 7, in which the processor
unit is configured to provide authentication data for inductive
energy reception.
9. The apparatus in accordance with claim 7, in which the processor
unit is configured to receive a plurality of power parameters from
the battery pack; store the power parameters in a memory; and
transmit the power requirements to the inductive power source.
10. The apparatus in accordance with claim 8, in which the
processor unit is configured to provide a digital certificate to a
power source.
11. The apparatus in accordance with claim 7, in which the
processor unit is configured to draw electrical power from the
battery pack; and responsive to receiving an indication of
inductive energy at the coil; the processor unit configured to draw
electrical power via the coil.
12. The apparatus in accordance with claim 8, further comprising an
antenna and a communications device configured to receive the
computer readable data and configured to transmit the data to the
antenna for wireless data communications to a power source.
13. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the communication unit
transmits a message including a header and a payload to the
inductive power source.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the payload contains specific
data relevant to power consumption.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the payload includes at least
one of an operating parameter and authentication information.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the operating parameter
corresponds to a charging voltage or a maximum expected power
consumption.
17. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the electrical load is a
battery charger.
18. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the power pickup coil is
operatively connected to the communications unit.
19. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the electrical load is
logically connected to a separate battery pack.
20. An energy receiving apparatus, comprising: a power pickup coil
for receiving inductive energy from an inductive power source and
for transmitting power to a power supply; the power supply
operatively connected to a processor unit, said power supply
receiving power from the power pickup coil and transmitting power
to a battery charging unit; the battery charging unit receiving
power from the power supply to charge a battery unit; the processor
unit operatively connected to the battery charging unit, the power
supply, and a communications unit; said processor unit determining
battery charging parameters; and a memory operatively connected to
the processor unit for storing computer readable data including the
battery charging parameters; the communications unit operatively
connected to the processor unit and the memory wherein the
communications unit includes circuitry for receiving a polling
message from the inductive power source, while in a polling
listening mode, by listening for the inductive power source to
alternate between an energized state and de-energized state at
regular intervals, and in response to receiving the polling
message, transmitting a request for power message and the battery
charging parameters to the inductive power source.
21. The energy receiving apparatus of claim 20, wherein the battery
charging parameters are transmitted in response to receiving a
request from the inductive power source.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is related to application Ser. No.
10/733,760, entitled "Inductively Charged Battery Pack," and filed
on Dec. 12, 2003; which is related to application Ser. No.
10/733,850, entitled "Inductive Power Adapter," and filed on Dec.
12, 2003, each of which is incorporated by reference herein as to
their entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Aspects of the present invention relate to battery packs that can
be coupled to electronic apparatus. More particularly, aspects of
the present invention relate to an inductive battery charger for
physically coupling and electrically communicating with battery
packs and providing electrical energy for charging a battery
pack.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Computer systems have become increasingly popular in modern
society. Conventional computer systems, especially computer systems
using graphical user interface (GUI) systems, accept user input
from a conventional input device, such as a keyboard for entering
text, and a pointing device, such as a mouse for operating the
graphical user interface. The processing capabilities of computers
have increased the efficiency and productivity of workers in a wide
range of professions. Marketing staff, corporate executives,
professionals and others use mobile computers to easily transport
their data and work with computers out of the office or on
travel.
The popularity of portable electronic devices allow users to work
and play free of restrictive power cords and chargers for a limited
period of time. As people work outside of their traditional office,
they often find themselves using their notebook computers, cellular
phones, digital assistants and tablet computers. Similarly, people
enjoying themselves away from the home take advantage of portable
music players, digital cameras, electronic game systems and the
like while on travel or doing outdoors activities.
Rechargeable batteries are used for portable electronic devices,
such as portable computing systems, video cameras, and mobile
phones. While users attempt to operate with the freedom of mobile
computing, there are still basically tethered to the power cable.
The users must think about how much power is available for mobile
use. This time period is limited to the type of battery and other
factors.
To replace rechargeable batteries, a contactless power supply may
be used in commercial aircraft. In one example, U.S. Pat. No.
6,489,745 to Kories describes a contactless power supply for a
laptop computer with a seatback tray of a commercial aircraft. This
patent is incorporated by reference. The power supply of Kories has
several drawbacks. There is no active communication between the
power supply and the seatback. Unwanted flux could be sent to
metallic objects or cause other problems. Further, the system of
Kories would most likely risk damage to current mobile device
designs and does not allow for device independence for powering,
because the power supply part must be part of the laptop computer.
Thus, the system of Kories is undesirable, and has limited use, if
any, for recent battery packs designs.
To recharge batteries, U.S. Pat. No. 5,959,433 to Rohde describes a
universal inductive battery charger system having a charging coil
and rechargeable battery pack. The system of Rohde has several
drawbacks. There is no active communication between the inductive
charger and the battery pack. Unwanted flux could be sent to
metallic objects or cause other problems. Thus, the system Rohde is
undesirable, and limited use, if any, use for recent battery packs
designs.
In view of the foregoing, what is needed is an apparatus and method
to support battery packs for an untethered environment for the new
media technologies and productivity activities for mobile
electronic devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Aspects of the present invention pertain to an inductive battery
charger and a method of charging a battery pack. In one aspect, the
present invention relates to an inductive battery charger for
physically coupling and electrically communicating with a battery
pack and providing electrical energy for charging a battery pack.
An aspect of the present invention pertains to an apparatus for
transmitting inductive energy to a battery charger assembly. An
aspect of the present invention pertains to a battery charger
assembly configured for receiving inductive energy. An aspect of
the present invention pertains to a computer implemented method and
computer system, such as a battery charger assembly, for charging a
battery pack. Aspect of the present invention pertains to a battery
charger assembly that may receive electrical power through a
trusted power arrangement.
The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present
invention will be readily apparent and fully understood from the
following detailed description illustrative embodiments in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included by
way of example, and not by way of limitation with regard to the
claimed invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an illustrative
general-purpose digital computing environment in which one or more
aspects of the present invention may be implemented;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a charging system according
to one or more aspects of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an illustrative charging
system according to one or more aspects of the present
invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an illustrative data structure
according to one or more aspects of the present invention;
FIG. 5A is a flow diagram of a first illustrative charging process
according to one or more aspects of the present invention;
FIG. 5B is a flow diagram of an illustrative communication process
according to one or more aspects of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a second illustrative charging process
according to one or more aspects of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of an alternative charging
system according to one or more aspects of the present invention;
and
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a charging system according
to one or more aspects of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following description is divided into sub-sections to assist
the reader. The subsections include Overview; Charging System
Environment; Illustrative Data Structure; Illustrative Operational
Environment; and Alternative Charging Systems.
Overview
Aspects of the present invention provide inductive charging
arrangements enabling user convenience in wireless power
environments for mobile computing and communications devices. An
inductive charging system transfers energy by inductively coupling
a source coil on a power source to a receiver coil for a battery
charger portion. Current flows through the source coil and the
resulting magnetic flux induces an alternating current through the
magnetic field and across the receiver coil, completing an energy
transfer circuit. The source current may be received in the battery
charger and converted for charging a battery pack. Aspects of the
present invention enable communication between an inductive power
source and the battery charger which maximizes the flexibility,
efficiency, or safety of inductive charging solutions. Aspects of
the present invention may provide for wirelessly communicating
operating parameters and protocol between an inductive power source
and an inductive battery charger. A wireless communication
arrangement may also provide for authentication of devices that are
allowed by the power source or trusted entity to be powered or
otherwise charged. This prevents computerized virus infections in
the battery pack that may subsequently infect a host computer
connected to the battery pack and improves security functions for
inductive power arrangements.
In one illustrative aspect, an inductive power source, e.g., a
chargepad or battery charger, recharges legacy battery packs
without the need for wall-plug powered stand alone chargers that
plague the digital workplace and the home. A smart battery charger
assembly inductively communicating with the inductive power source
is used to couple to and deliver power as needed to the legacy
batteries for recharging.
In another illustrative aspect, a battery charger assembly may
include a smart controller configured to assess a legacy battery
pack power requirements and wirelessly bi-directionally
communicates the requirements to an inductive power source. In one
illustrative aspect, an inductive source power can be in a low
power mode or broadcasting mode for the bi-directional
communications. The battery charger assembly may be configured to
receive inductive energy transferred to it from the inductive power
source. And the battery charger assembly can convert the inductive
power for use with the legacy battery pack. In another aspect, a
wireless communication arrangement, via an inductive communications
pathway or other methods, may also provide for authentication of
the battery charger that are allowed by the power source or trusted
entity.
In an illustrative aspect, an apparatus is configured for
transmitting inductive energy to a battery charger assembly. The
battery charger assembly may include a microprocessor for
processing data relevant to the inductive energy. In the apparatus,
a memory may be provided for storing computer readable instructions
relevant to providing energy to a battery charger assembly. A
processor unit may be operatively coupled to the memory. A
transmission element may be operatively coupled to the processor so
as to provide the inductive energy to the battery charger
assembly.
In another illustrative an aspect, a battery charger assembly may
be configured for receiving inductive energy. A processor unit in
the battery charger may be provided for processing computer
readable data relevant to the inductive energy and for processing
data communications with a computer system. The battery charger
assembly may include a pick up coil configured for receiving the
inductive energy. The battery charger assembly may include a
charger unit may be operatively coupled to the processor unit and
the pick up coil for performing charging functions. The charger may
be configured to output a direct current to an energy storage unit,
such as a battery pack.
In an illustrative aspect, a computer implemented method is
provided for charging a battery pack with a stand-alone battery
charger system. The system may include a memory for storing
computer readable instructions that, when executed by a processor
executes various functions. In one aspect, a polling message is
received from an inductive power source. In another aspect, a
request for power is transmitted to the inductive charging source.
Based on the request for power, inductive power may be received
from the inductive power source. In another aspect, authenticating
data can be transmitted to the inductive charging source. Thus, a
battery charger system can receive electrical power through a
trusted power arrangement.
Charging System Environment
Various aspects of the present invention may at least be described
in the general context of apparatus and computer-executable
instructions, such as program modules, executed by one or more
processing devices for a charging source or a battery charger
assembly. Accordingly, it may be helpful to briefly discuss the
components and operation of a charging system environment on which
various aspects of the present invention may be implemented.
Accordingly, charging system arrangements with respect to one or
more aspects of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 2-8.
Referring to FIG. 2, a charging system 300 may include an inductive
charging source 302 that wirelessly provides electrical power
and/or data communications to an inductive battery charger assembly
304. In one specific arrangement shown in FIG. 3, the battery
charger assembly 304 may be physically connected to a typical
legacy battery pack 350 while receiving the inductive energy from
the inductive charging source 302. The battery pack 350 need not be
aware of the inductive charging source. This enables the battery
pack 350 to include any battery chemistry, such as NiMH
(Nickel-Metal Hydride), Li+ (lithium-ion), or NiCd (nickel-cadmium)
and other battery formulations. The battery charger assembly 304
may include a housing for enclosing the electrical components
therein. The battery charger assembly 304 may be implemented in any
appropriate shape and in a number of form factors, such as a
clip-on device that mates with typically legacy battery packs, as
well as any number of slots, stand or dock-type charger
configurations.
Referring to FIG. 3, inductive charging source 302 may be
electrically connected to an alternating current power source, such
as utility electrical power and the like. In such an arrangement,
inductive charging source 302 may include a power supply 306 that
receives electric energy via the conventional method of a cord
physically coupled to a standard wall electrical outlet (not shown)
for 60 Hz, 120 volt power, or alternatively, 50 Hz at 230 volts and
other frequency/voltage combinations. Nevertheless, a direct
current arrangement is possible. Inductive charging source 302
includes one or more power transmission coils 312 operatively
coupled to the power supply 306. The operative coupling may include
any form of network connection including physical wiring and/or
logical connections, and the like.
The battery charger assembly 304 may be configured to receive
electrical energy from inductive power source 302. In one
arrangement shown in FIG. 3, the battery charger assembly 304
includes a power pickup coil 324 that is operatively connected to a
power supply 320. Power pickup coil 324 receives inductive energy
from the power transmission coil 312 of inductive power source 302.
In one operation, the power supply 320 of battery charger assembly
304 provides electrical energy to a battery charger 322 that
supplies energy to legacy battery pack 350 through the line denoted
as "V+" in FIG. 3.
In one arrangement, power supply 306 of inductive charging source
302 may be configured to convert the frequency of the alternating
line current from 50/60 Hz to a higher frequency for inductively
transferring energy from the power transmission coil 312 to the
power pickup coil 324 of battery pack 304. The power supply 320 of
battery charger assembly 304 may be configured receive the
transmission frequency. The specific frequencies of transmission
can be varied, i.e. for instance within the range of 500 Hz to 10
KHz. Nevertheless, other frequencies can be used.
In one operation, battery charger assembly 304 may be brought
proximate or juxtaposed to the inductive charging source 302. The
power transmission coil 312 of the charging source 302 and the
power pickup coil 324 of the battery charger assembly 304 are then
inductively coupled by a charging alternating current at any
appropriate frequency to transfer the electrical power. In an
arrangement of multiple battery charger assemblies, each power
transmission coil 312 of power source 302 may be controlled
independently of each other. This feature provides a more flexible
and adaptable solution for persons or organizations with different
electronic devices. The multiple battery charger assemblies may
have different power requirements that can be handled by the source
302. For example, cellular phone power battery requirements are
generally less than the power needs of a laptop computer
battery.
In one arrangement, inductive charging source 302 and battery
charger assembly 304 may be configured for wireless data
communications. Example processes for implementing wireless data
communications aspects are shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B and 6.
Accordingly, the inductive charging source 302 may include a
communication device 310, such as a modem or a network interface
device. Likewise, the inductive charging module 301 of battery
charger assembly 304 may also include a communications device, such
as a modern 318 or a network interface device. For ease of
explanation, the communication device is referred herein to as a
modem. The modem 310, 318 may be configured for power line carrier
communications. In such a configuration, modem 310, 318 may be
operatively coupled to the respective coils 312, 324. In an
arrangement, modem 310, 318 may be adapted to modulate and
demodulate signals appropriate to the frequency supplied by the
power supply 306, 320 to receive and transmit data. Thus, the power
transmission coil 312 of the charging source 302 and the power
pickup coil 324 of battery charger assembly 304 are used to provide
inductive data communications over an inductive pathway.
In one arrangement, the modems 310, 318 may be implemented with
power line networking technology in accordance with the HOMEPLUG
1.0 standard specification available from the Homeplug Powerline
Alliance located at San Ramon, Calif., USA. For example, under a
homeplug implementation, the modems would use a burst mode form of
orthogonal frequency-division (OFDM) multiplexing with a forward
error-correction scheme. OFDM is well known technique in industry.
Rates of data transfer with homeplug can be upwards of 14 Mbps, if
desired. The media access (MAC) protocol in a homeplug
configuration is a based on the well-known carrier sense multiple
access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol. Rates of data
transfer can be upwards of 14 Mbps, if desired. Nevertheless, a
wide range of other well-known power line networking technologies
could be used, such as X-10 protocol and frequency-shift keying
schemes used for internetworking within homes via the power lines.
Advantageously, the battery charger assembly 304 and inductive
charging source 302 can be electrically coupled for wireless energy
transfer functionality and data communications to wirelessly
communicate operating parameters, such as charging voltage and
maximum expected power consumption.
The inductive charging source 302 may include a microprocessor
controller 308 that may be configured for controlling components,
such as the power supply 306 or modem 310, for different modes of
operation, processing and storing data. Likewise, the battery
charger assembly 304 may also include a controller 316 that may be
configured for receiving, transmitting and storing data and
performing mathematic calculations relevant to legacy battery pack
350. Additionally, controller 308 of source 302 and controller 316
of charger 304 are enabled to have features of authentication and
security. Examples of the authentication and security aspects of
the present invention as shown in FIGS. 5A and 6. Controller 308
and controller 316 may have computer-readable media 415 (see FIG.
4), which provides nonvolatile storage of computer readable
instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data
relevant for charging operations. Other examples of
computer-readable media include flash memory, random access
memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like.
The controller 316 of battery charger assembly 304 may include a
communications bus 328 with an appropriate battery connector 331
for interaction with the legacy battery pack 350. In one
arrangement, controller 316 may be implemented with one or more
features of a System Management Bus (SMbus). It is believed that
the SMbus or features thereof have not been used before in
inductive power arrangement or inductive battery chargers.
Referring to FIG. 3, in one arrangement, the communication bus 328
may be configured as such a System Management Bus (SMbus). The bus
328 can be used to inform controller 316 as to a wide range of
information about the legacy battery pack 350, e.g., current,
voltage, power requirements, and rated capacity. The SMBus is a
two-wire interface system. As shown in FIG. 3, one wire handles the
data transfer; and the other wire pertains to the clock. An example
of a SMbus and functions are described in the System Management Bus
Specification Revision 2.0 standard available from the SBS
Implementers Forum. If desired, controller 308 may be implemented
with one or more features of a SMBus system as well. It is
recognized that smart controller 352 of legacy battery pack 350 in
FIG. 3 may with operate an SMbus via connector 331.
In an alternative arrangement shown in FIG. 3, the power supply 320
can provide current as an output to the battery charger 322, and
the power supply 320 can be a SMBus device enabled to communicate
on the SMbus with other devices. Likewise, battery charger 322,
controller 316, or modem 318 can be SMbus devices. In this
alternative arrangement, power supply 320 may be in logical
communications with battery charger 322, controller 316, or modem
318. The power supply 320, battery charger 322, controller 316, or
modem 318 may be configured to communicate with protocols such as
shown in the noted System Management Bus Specification.
Alternatively, the inductive power source 302 may include
components therein configured as SMBus devices. For example, power
supply 306, controller 308, or modem 310 may be SMBus operable
devices. It will be appreciated that the connections shown in FIG.
3 are exemplary and other applicable techniques for establishing a
communications link between the components may used. For example,
in the battery charger assembly 304, the connections between the
controller 316 and power supply 320; between the controller 316 and
the battery charger 322; between the power supply 320 and battery
pack 350; and between the power supply 320 and modem 318 are
exemplary. In another alternative arrangement, a thermistor or "T"
line between the charger 322 of battery charger assembly 304 and
the battery pack 350 can be used as a safety control to disrupt
charging in the event the battery pack 350 experiences an
overcharge or over-temperature condition.
Illustrative Data Structure
FIG. 4 illustrates an example schematic diagram of a data structure
400 which can be transmitted between the modems 310, 318 or,
alternatively, between a plurality of modems in a multiple battery
charger assembly environment. Data structure 400 may include an
address 402, a header 404, and a payload 406. Address 402 includes
data for the specific battery pack being charged. This is useful in
the multiple battery pack environment because different battery
packs can have different charging requirements. The header 404
includes general data to be used by the controllers 308, controller
316, are modems 310, 318. The payload 406 contents specific data to
be used by the controllers 308, 316 relevant to the charging
operation. Such data would include operating parameters, such as
charging voltage and maximum expected power consumption.
Nevertheless, the payload 406 may include other data, such as
authentication information. Data structure 400 could be implemented
with well-known powerline networking technology and/or encapsulated
in another structure of packets for transmission, such as Bluetooth
protocol. homeplug, or X-10 protocol and the like.
Illustrative Operational Environment
In one arrangement, controller 316 may contain computer readable
data programmed by the manufacturer or other entity, such as a
battery charger ID number, serial number, manufacturer's name and
date of manufacture. This data can be used by the inductive power
source 302 for novel power operations according to aspects of the
present invention, such as shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 6.
Accordingly, FIG. 5A illustrates an example communication process
according to one or more aspects of the present invention that
enables communication between a charging source and a battery
charger assembly. Various aspects of the present invention may at
least be described in the general context of apparatus and
computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, executed
by one or more computers or other devices, such as microprocessors.
For example, controller 308 and controller 316 may have
computer-readable media 415, which provides nonvolatile storage of
computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules,
and other data relevant for charging operations. In one
arrangement, inductive charging source 302 and battery charger
assembly 304 may be configured for wireless data communications as
well as energy transfer. Accordingly, inductive power source 302
may be configured to poll for other devices, such as the battery
charger assembly 304.
In FIG. 5A, process blocks 500-510 illustrate a negotiation process
in which communications and power requirements can be established
between inductive charging source 302 and battery charger assembly
304. To start the process in block 500, battery charger assembly
304 is enabled to determine the power requirements or other data of
a battery pack 350 when inserted into communication bus 328.
Requirements data are obtained from the smart controller 352 of
battery pack 350. In one implementation, the requirements data may
include those as specified in the smart battery data specification
revision 1.1 available from the SBS Implementer Forum. For example,
values for the charging current and the charging voltage may be
determined from the battery pack 350. The requirements data, once
obtained from the battery pack 350, may be stored in the computer
readable storage 415 of controller 316 for use during charging
operations or for later transmission to the inductive power source
302. Nevertheless, the controller 316 of battery charger assembly
350 may be configured to read, via the bus 328, other functions,
alarms, and signals from the battery pack 350. For example, values
can be obtained from the battery pack 350 for battery pack voltage,
relative state of charge, absolute state of charge, remaining
capacity, full charge capacity, alarm warning, average time to
full, battery chemistry.
In process block 501, the inductive charging source 302, in a low
power or broadcast mode, may poll for compatible devices through
one or more of the power transmission coils 312 and listens for
replies from the devices, such as battery charger assembly 304. The
inductive charging source 302 may perform the polling operation in
a sequential fashion, making each power transmission coil an
independent node in the system 300. This independent node
arrangement enables multiple battery charger assemblies to
communicate with and be powered by inductive charging source 302.
The multiple battery packs may have different power requirements
which can be handled by the source 302. For example, a cellular
phone power requirement is less than that of a laptop computer. In
a polling operation, power transmission coil 312 can be energized
and de-energized in a regular periodic fashion. For example, the
energizing and de-energizing period range between any appropriate
value, such as 100-1000 msec., or 1-60 sec. Nevertheless, other
time values are possible. Advantageously, this periodic arrangement
can conserve energy.
In process block 502, the battery charger assembly 304 has at least
a listening mode and a charging mode. In the listening mode, the
battery charger assembly 304, via controller 316, is configured to
listen for a charging source 302 through the power pickup coil 324.
In generally, the battery charger assembly 304 may be brought
within a proximate distance to the inductive charging source 302.
Once the transmission coil 312 and pickup coil 324 are in close
enough proximity to establish communications and inductive
coupling, the communication signals received by the pickup coil 324
are de-modulated by the modem 308 and routed to the battery charger
assembly 304 controller 316. Of course, the communication signals
may be the type as referenced with data structure 400(See FIG. 4).
It should be recognized that the controller 308 generates
communication signals in the source 302 and the signals are
converted for power line modulation by the modem 308. The
communication signals are routed from the modem 308 to the power
transmission coil 312 for transmission to a power pickup coil
324.
In process block 504, as determined by the battery charger assembly
304 obtaining an indication during the requirements data step shown
in block 500, if battery pack 350 is in need for recharging, the
battery charger assembly 304 may respond to the source 302 poll
with a message requesting that power be supplied for charging
thereof. In process block 506, upon receiving the battery charger
assembly 304 request for power, the source 302 may request
information or charging parameters from the battery charger
assembly 304, such as the required charging voltage and maximum
power requirement. Nevertheless, the inductive charging source 302
can request other information relevant to the battery charger
assembly 304, such as a battery charger identification (ID) number,
battery type chemistry of the battery pack, or serial number of the
battery charger or the serial number of the battery pack. This
information can be used for security, data integrity, or other
purposes. In process block 508, the battery charger assembly 304
transmits the requested information. In process block 510, the
source 302, via controller 308, determines if it can supply the
requested voltage and power to battery charger assembly 304. In
process block 512, if the source 302 cannot supply the requested
voltage and/or power, then the source 302 can change to the polling
mode. Alternatively, if the source 302 can provide the voltage
and/or power, then the process flows to process block 514 for the
charging mode.
After the negotiation process, in process block 514, when the
battery charger assembly 304 begins to receive its requested
voltage and power, the controller 316 may turn on the battery
charger 322 in order to charge the battery pack 350. In process
block 520, if the battery is charged to the desired level, the
battery charger 322 can be switched off-line. When power from the
source is lost, the battery pack returns to its listening mode. In
process block 522, if the battery 314 is not at the desired level
of charge, then the charging process is continued.
FIG. 5B illustrates an example communication process according to
one or more aspects of the present invention that between a
charging source and the battery charger assembly. In blocks
550-552, when a battery pack 350 is inserted into the battery
charger assembly 304, the battery charger assembly 304 may draw
power from the battery pack. In block 554, controller 316 of the
battery charger assembly 304 may determine or otherwise access the
battery pack 350 charging requirements and charge parameters as
discussed with respect to block 500 shown in FIG. 5A. The
requirements data and parameters can be stored in the non-volatile
computer readable memory 415 for later use. In block 556, when the
power pickup coil 324 in the battery charger assembly 304 comes
into close enough proximity to the power transmission coil 312 in
the source 302, the power supply 320 may be configured to generate
enough current to power the controller 316. Thus, in block 558, the
battery charger assembly 304 may switch from battery power to
inductive power from the source 302. Nevertheless, any or all of
steps shown in blocks 514-522 in FIG. 5A can be implemented in the
process shown in FIG. 5A. The configuration shown in FIG. 5B is
useful when the battery charger assembly 304 is reused to charge
different battery packs. The charger 302 may be inserted in
different battery packs to access the charging requirements of each
pack. In one example, the battery pack ID of each battery pack may
be stored along with the charging requirements. Battery charger
assembly 304 may then have a plurality of different charging
requirements stored therein. In the standalone configuration,
because the requirements data may be stored for each battery pack,
the battery charger assembly 304 can be battery pack independent,
and can still provide the needed charging when the battery charger
assembly 304 is in proximity of the inductive power source 302 for
charging.
FIG. 6 illustrates an illustrative communication process according
to one or more aspects of the present invention to enable
communication between an inductive power source and a battery
charging assembly. In one arrangement, inductive charging source
302 and battery charger assembly 304 may be configured for wireless
data communications as well as energy transfer based on
authentication information thereby forming a trusted energy
transfer arrangement. This trusted energy transfer arrangement is
useful to prevent authorized use of an inductive charging source.
Also the trusted energy transfer arrangement may prevent a computer
virus from infecting the controller 316 or the host device 100.
Additionally, this trusted arrangement can prevent unwanted power
from being transmitted to metallic objects, such as writing
instruments, beverage cans and staplers, which may be placed in
close proximity to a charging source.
To start the process, in process block 600, the inductive charging
source 302, in a low power or broadcast mode, polls for compatible
devices through one or more of the power transmission coils 312 and
listens for replies from the devices, such as battery charger
assembly 304. In process block 602, in the listening mode, the
battery charger assembly 304, via controller 316, is configured to
listen for a charging source through the power pickup coil 324.
Once the transmission coil 312 and pickup coil 324 are in close
enough proximity to establish communications and inductive
coupling, the communication signals received by the pickup coil 324
are de-modulated by the modem 308 and routed to the battery charger
assembly 304 controller 316. In process block 604, if battery cell
314 is in need for recharging, the battery charger assembly 304 may
respond to the source 302 poll with a message requesting that power
be supplied thereof.
In process block 606, upon receiving the battery pack's request for
power, the inductive charging source 302 may request for a security
certificate or digital signature from the battery charger assembly
304 to authenticate it. The security certification or digital
signature may be stored in the computer readable storage of the
controller 308. In process block 608, if battery charger assembly
304 has a digital certificate or digital signature stored, the
battery charger assembly 304 transmits it to the source 302. In
process block 610, if the battery charger assembly 304 is
authenticated in view of the certification or signature, the source
302 supplies the requested voltage and power the battery charger as
shown in process block 612. During the powering process, the source
302 may periodically poll the battery charger assembly 304, and if
no response is received or inductive coupling is removed, the
source 302 changes state from the charging mode to return to the
polling mode. In process block 610, if the battery charger assembly
304 is not authenticated, or the source 302 cannot supply the
requested voltage or power, the source 302 will remain in low power
mode, and the source 302 will return to polling mode. Nevertheless,
steps any or all of steps shown in blocks 500-522 in FIG. 5A, and
steps shown in blocks 550-560 in FIG. 5B, and can be implemented in
the process shown in FIG. 6.
Alternative Charging Systems
An alternative the charging system 700 is illustrated in FIG. 7.
Charging system 700 components may include an inductive charging
source 702 that wirelessly provides electrical power to a battery
pack 704 configured with an inductive charging portion or module
701. In the charging system 700 communications between the
inductive charging source 702 and battery pack 704 may be
accomplished via an antenna and transceiver arrangement. A
transceiver 705, 707 may be operatively coupled to an antenna 709,
711 for receiving and transmitting a wireless communication payload
for both the inductive charging source 702 and the battery pack
704. Any or all features and functions, subsystems shown in FIG. 3
can be implemented in the charging system 700 shown in FIG. 7. For
example, transceiver 705, 707 are respectively operatively coupled
to a controller of inductive charging source 702, and controller of
battery charger 704. Power pickup coil 724 can receive inductive
energy from the power transmission coil 712 of inductive source
702.
In one arrangement, a communications link 713 in accordance with
the Bluetooth.TM. Global Specification for wireless connectivity
may be implemented to transmit battery charging information between
the inductive charging source 702 and battery pack 704. It should
be appreciated that conventional Bluetooth.TM. technology was
introduced to provide connectivity between portable devices like
mobile phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and
other nomadic devices up to a range of approximately 100 meters.
Bluetooth-enabled devices operate in an unlicensed Instrumentation,
Scientific, Medical (ISM) band at 2.4 GHz. This system uses
frequency-hopping to enable the construction of low-power, low-cost
radio devices with a small footprint. The Bluetooth-enabled devices
transmit and receive on 79 different hop frequencies from 2402 to
2480 MHz, switching between one hop frequency to another in a
pseudo-random sequence, 1600 times a second. The gross data rate is
1 Mb/s. A time-division duplex scheme is used for full-duplex
transmission. In another example, a communication link 713 may be a
widely available communication standard, such as the Infrared Data
Association ("IrDA") specification and protocols. This wireless
communication protocol provide low-cost, short-range,
cross-platform, point-to-point communications at various transfer
rates for devices employing the standardize protocol. There are
various suppliers of compatible hardware for transceivers and
interfacing software modules to implement for the battery charger
assembly 304 and inductive power source 302.
An example charging system 800 is illustrated in FIG. 8. Charging
system 800 components may include an inductive charging source 802
that wirelessly provides electrical power to a battery charger
assembly 302 attach a battery pack 305. It should be noted that any
or all of the features, subsystems, and functions of inductive
charging source 302 and 702 may be included in the inductive
charging source 802. As shown in FIG. 8, a battery charger assembly
302 may placed on a work surface 803 of a table 805. The battery
pack 350 may be physically and electrically collected to the
battery charger assembly 302. The work surface may have top surface
and a bottom surface. In one arrangement, the inductive charging
source 302 can be physically mounted underneath the work surface
803 on the bottom surface. Alternatively, the inductive charging
source 802 may be disposed inside the work surface 803 so that the
source 802 is generally recessed therein, e.g., slightly underneath
the top surface. This configuration allows the source 302 to be
located at a short distance from the battery pack for maximum
efficiency of energy transfer and inductive coupling. Nevertheless,
multiple charging sources can be provided on or with the work
surface. This allows for multiple mobile devices to be charged in
the same location. Nonetheless, the inductive charging source 302
may be placed on the top surface instead of being embedded.
Referring to FIG. 3, in one alternative arrangement, inductive
power source 302 may operate in a networked environment using
logical connections to one or more computers 100 or remote
computers, such as a remote computer 109 shown in FIG. 1. Various
aspects of the present invention may at least be described in the
general context of apparatus and computer-executable instructions,
such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other
devices. Accordingly, it may be helpful to briefly discuss the
components and operation of a general purpose computing environment
on which various aspects of the present invention may be
implemented.
Accordingly, FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an
illustrative general-purpose digital computing environment that may
be used to implement various aspects of the present invention. In
FIG. 1, a computer 100 includes a processing unit 110, a system
memory 120, and a system bus 130 that couples various system
components including the system memory to the processing unit 110.
The system bus 130 may be any of several types of bus structures
including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and
a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. The system
memory 120 includes read only memory (ROM) 140 and random access
memory (RAM) 150.
A basic input/output system 160 (BIOS), containing the basic
routines that help to transfer information between elements within
the computer 100, such as during start-up, is stored in the ROM
140. The computer 100 also includes a hard disk drive 170 for
reading from and writing to a hard disk (not shown), a magnetic
disk drive 180 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic
disk 190, and an optical disk drive 191 for reading from or writing
to a removable optical disk 192, such as a CD ROM or other optical
media. The hard disk drive 170, magnetic disk drive 180, and
optical disk drive 191 are connected to the system bus 130 by a
hard disk drive interface 192, a magnetic disk drive interface 193,
and an optical disk drive interface 194, respectively. The drives
and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile
storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program
modules, and other data for the personal computer 100. It will be
appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of
computer readable media that may store data that is accessible by a
computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital
video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, compact flash cards, smart
media, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs),
and the like, may also be used in the example operating
environment.
A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk drive
170, magnetic disk 190, optical disk 192, ROM 140, or RAM 150,
including an operating system 195, one or more application programs
196, other program modules 197, and program data 198. A user may
enter commands and information into the computer 100 through input
devices, such as a keyboard 101 and a pointing device 102. Other
input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game
pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input
devices often are connected to the processing unit 110 through a
serial port interface 106 that is coupled to the system bus 130,
but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port,
game port, or a universal serial bus (USB). Further still, these
devices may be coupled directly to the system bus 130 via an
appropriate interface (not shown). A monitor 107 or other type of
display device is also connected to the system bus 130 via an
interface, such as a video adapter 108.
In addition to the monitor 107, personal computers typically
include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as
speakers and printers. As one example, a pen digitizer 165 and
accompanying pen or user input device 166 are provided in order to
digitally capture freehand input. The pen digitizer 165 may be
coupled to the processing unit 110 via the serial port interface
106 and the system bus 130, as shown in FIG. 1, or through any
other suitable connection. Furthermore, although the digitizer 165
is shown apart from the monitor 107, the usable input area of the
digitizer 165 may be co-extensive with the display area of the
monitor 107. Further still, the digitizer 165 may be integrated in
the monitor 107, or may exist as a separate device overlaying or
otherwise appended to the monitor 107.
The computer 100 may operate in a networked environment using
logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a
remote computer 109. The remote computer 109 may be a server, a
router, a network PC, a peer device, or other common network node,
and typically includes many or all of the elements described above
relative to the computer 100, although only a memory storage device
111 with related applications programs 196 have been illustrated in
FIG. 1. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 1 include a local
area network (LAN) 112 and a wide area network (WAN) 113. Such
networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide
computer networks, intranets, and the Internet.
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 100 is
connected to the local network 112 through a network interface or
adapter 114. When used in a WAN networking environment, the
personal computer 100 typically includes a modem 115 or other means
for establishing a communications link over the wide area network
113, e.g., to the Internet. The modem 115, which may be internal or
external, is connected to the system bus 130 via the serial port
interface 106. In a networked environment, program modules depicted
relative to the personal computer 100, or portions thereof, may be
stored in a remote memory storage device. It will be appreciated
that the network connections shown are exemplary and other
techniques for establishing a communications link between the
computers may be used. The existence of any of various well-known
protocols such as TCP/IP, Ethernet, FTP, HTTP and the like is
presumed, and the system may be operated in a client-server
configuration to permit a user to retrieve web pages from a
web-based server.
The computer 100 and remote computer 109 can be provided at a
trusted entity. Thus, in a networked configuration, the inductive
power source 302 is enabled to receive data associated with the
battery charger assembly 304, and transmit this data for trusted
energy communications. For example, the remote computer 109 may be
associated with a source entity that may retain data, such as
battery charger ID numbers, serial numbers, manufacturer's names
and date of manufactures of various battery charger assemblies.
This information can be used for data integrity and security.
Further, the source entity may include digital certificate
information or a digital signature and transmit those items to the
inductive power source 302 as requested. This data can be used as
depicted in FIG. 6 for authentication for trusted energy transfer
arrangement.
Inductive charging arrangements provide user convenience by
providing wireless power to mobile devices and communications
devices. To maximize the flexibility, efficiency and/or safety of
these inductive charging arrangements, communication between the
source and the consuming device may be established to exchange
various parameters and protocols. The communication may also
provide for authentication of devices that are allowed by the
source to be charged and devices which may be placed in close
proximity to the inductive power source. This prevents virus
infections and effectively closes a backdoor for computer viruses.
Thus, computer users do not need to carry power cables and AC power
adapters with them. There is no need to search for an electrical
plug location that may be in inconvenient places. The hazards
related to power cords are eliminated. Thus, the mobile computing
user may receive freedom of portable computing and protection from
computer viruses which may attempt to infect the battery pack or
charger assembly during data transmission or energy transfer. This
particularly helpful because once a legacy battery pack is
re-connected to a computer, viruses are prevented from being
injected by the battery pack to the computer.
The foregoing detailed description has set forth various
embodiments of the devices and/or processes via the use of block
diagrams, flowcharts, and examples. Insofar as such block diagrams,
flowcharts, and examples contain one or more functions and/or
operations, it will be understood as notorious by those within the
art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams,
flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or
collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or
any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the aspects may be
implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs).
Those, however, skilled in the art will recognize that the
embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be
equivalently implemented in standard Integrated Circuits, as a
computer program running on a computer, as a program running on a
processor, as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof and
that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the
software or firmware would be well within the skill of one of
ordinary skill in the art in light of this disclosure.
Although the invention has been defined using the appended claims,
these claims are exemplary in that the invention may be intended to
include the elements and steps described herein in any combination
or sub combination. Accordingly, there are any number of
alternative combinations for defining the invention, which
incorporate one or more elements from the specification, including
the description, claims, and drawings, in various combinations or
sub combinations. It will be apparent to those skilled in the
relevant technology, in light of the present specification, that
alternate combinations of aspects of the invention, either alone or
in combination with one or more elements or steps defined herein,
may be utilized as modifications or alterations of the invention or
as part of the invention. It may be intended that the written
description of the invention contained herein covers all such
modifications and alterations.
* * * * *
References