U.S. patent number 6,874,839 [Application Number 10/383,486] was granted by the patent office on 2005-04-05 for vehicle endgate with integral door.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Motors Corporation. Invention is credited to John R. Acker, Clayton E. Miner, Henry J. Nykiel, Marvin Plotzka.
United States Patent |
6,874,839 |
Acker , et al. |
April 5, 2005 |
Vehicle endgate with integral door
Abstract
A vehicle includes a cargo bed having a floor, side walls and a
rear end opening with an endgate pivotally connected at the rear
end opening. The endgate is pivotable between a vertical position
covering the rear end opening and a horizontal position exposing
the rear end opening for cargo loading and unloading. The endgate
has a pass-through opening formed therein and includes a door
integrally contained within the endgate. The door is pivotable with
respect to the endgate between a closed position covering the
pass-through opening and an open position to allow loading and
unloading of cargo through the pass-through opening when the
endgate is in the vertical position.
Inventors: |
Acker; John R. (Farmington
Hills, MI), Nykiel; Henry J. (Howell, MI), Miner; Clayton
E. (Leslie, MI), Plotzka; Marvin (Howell, MI) |
Assignee: |
General Motors Corporation
(Detroit, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
32927105 |
Appl.
No.: |
10/383,486 |
Filed: |
March 7, 2003 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
296/57.1;
296/51 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B62D
33/0273 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B62D
33/02 (20060101); B62D 33/027 (20060101); B62D
025/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;296/57.1,50,51,61,146.1,147,146.8,146.11 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Dayoan; D. Glenn
Assistant Examiner: Gutman; H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hargitt; Laura C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A vehicle comprising: a cargo bed having a floor, two vertical
side walls and a rear end opening; an endgate having a fixed hinge
connected at the rear end opening along a lower horizontal edge so
that the endgate is pivotable between a vertical position covering
the rear end opening and a horizontal position exposing the rear
end opening for cargo loading and unloading; and said endgate
having a pass-through opening formed therein smaller than the rear
end opening of the cargo bed and including a door integrally
contained within said endgate and biased towards one of said side
walls, said door being pivotable with respect to said endgate
between a closed position covering said pass-through opening and an
open position to allow loading and unloading of the cargo through
the pass-through opening when the endgate is in the vertical
position.
2. The vehicle of claim 1, further comprising an electrically
actuated endgate latch operatively connected between the endgate
and side walls for selectively latching and unlatching the
endgate.
3. The vehicle of claim 2, further comprising an electrically
actuated door latch operatively connected between the door and
endgate for selectively latching and unlatching the door.
4. The vehicle of claim 3, further comprising a rocker switch
positioned below an endgate pull cup for actuating said
latches.
5. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the endgate and door pivot about
a common horizontal axis.
6. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein said endgate includes an
aluminum tube frame structure enclosed by trim cover panels.
7. A vehicle comprising: a cargo bed having a floor, two vertical
side walls and a rear end opening; an endgate having a fixed hinge
connected at the rear end opening Ualong a lower horizontal edge so
that the endgate is pivotable between a vertical position covering
the rear end opening and a horizontal position exposing the rear
end opening for cargo loading and unloading; said endgate having a
pass-through opening formed therein and including a door integrally
contained within said endgate and biased towards one of said side
walls, said door being pivotable with respect to said endgate
between a closed position covering said pass-through opening and an
open position to allow loading and unloading of the cargo through
the pass-through opening when the endgate is in the vertical
position; and at least one torsional load assist spring operatively
connected between said endgate and said side walls to minimize
operating efforts.
8. The vehicle of claim 7, further comprising an electrically
actuated endgate latch operatively connected between the endgate
and side walls for selectively latching and unlatching the
endgate.
9. The vehicle of claim 8, further comprising an electrically
actuated door latch operatively connected between the door and
endgate for selectively latching and unlatching the door.
10. The vehicle of claim 9, further comprising a disabler switch
operatively connected with said electrically actuated latches to
enable the latches when a corresponding vehicle transmission is in
a parked condition, and to disable the latches when the
transmission is not in the parked condition.
11. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein the endgate and door pivot
about a common horizontal axis.
12. A vehicle comprising a cargo bed having a floor, side walls and
a rear end opening; an endgate having a fixed hinge connected at
the rear end opening so that the endgate is pivotable between a
vertical position covering the rear end opening and a horizontal
position exposing the rear end opening for cargo loading and
unloading; said endgate having a pass-through opening formed
therein and including a door integrally contained within said
endgate, said door being pivotable with respect to said endgate
between a closed position covering said pass-through opening and an
open position to allow loading and unloading of the cargo through
the pass-through opening when the endgate is in the vertical
position; at least one torsional load assist spring operatively
connected between said endgate and said side walls to minimize
operating efforts; an electrically actuated endgate latch
operatively connected between the endgate and side walls for
selectively latching and unlatching the endgate; an electrically
actuated door latch operatively connected between the door and
endgate for selectively latching and unlatching the door; and a
rocker switch positioned below an endgate pull cup for actuating
said latches.
13. The vehicle of claim 12, further comprising a relay circuit
operatively associated with said rocker switch and configured such
that only the endgate or door may be unlatched at one time.
14. The vehicle of claim 12, wherein said endgate includes an
aluminum tube frame structure enclosed by trim cover panels.
15. The vehicle of claim 12, further comprising load assist straps
connected between the endgate and side walls to support the endgate
in the horizontal position.
16. A vehicle comprising: a cargo bed having a floor, side walls,
and a rear end opening; an end gate having a fixed hinge connected
at the rear end opening so that the endgate is pivotable between a
vertical position covering the rear end opening and a horizontal
position exposing the rear end opening for cargo loading and
unloading; said end gate having a pass-through opening formed
therein and including a door integrally contained within said end
gate, said door being pivotable with respect to said end gate
between a closed position covering said pass-through opening and an
open position to allow loading and unloading of the cargo through
the pass-through opening when the end gate is in the vertical
position; an electrically actuated end gate latch operatively
connected between the end gate and side walls for selectively
latching and unlatching the end gate: an electrically actuated door
lath operatively connected between the door and end gate for
selectively latching and unlatching the door; a rocker switch
positioned on the end gate for actuating said latches; a relay
circuit operatively associated with said rocker switch and
configured such that only the end gate or door may be unlatched at
one dine; and a disabler switch operatively connected with said
relay circuit to enable the latches when a corresponding vehicle
transmission is in a parked condition, and, to disable the latches
when the transmission is not in the parked condition.
17. A vehicle comprising: a cargo bed having a floor, side walls
and a rear end opening; an endgate having a fixed hinge connected
at the rear end opening so that the endgate is pivotable between a
vertical position covering the rear end opening and a horizontal
position exposing the rear end opening for cargo loading and
unloading; said endgate having a pass-through opening formed
therein and including a door integrally contained within said
endgate, said door being pivotable with respect to said endgate
between a closed position covering said pass-through opening and an
open position to allow loading and unloading of cargo through the
pass-through opening when the endgate is in the vertical position;
an electrically actuated endgate latch operatively connected
between the endgate and the side walls for selectively latching and
unlatching the endgate; an electrically actuated door latch
operatively connected between the door and the endgate for
selectively latching and unlatching the door; and a rocker switch
positioned below an endgate pull cup for actuating said
latches.
18. The vehicle of claim 17, further comprising a relay circuit
operatively associated with said rocker switch and configured such
that only the endgate or door may be unlatched at one time.
19. The vehicle of claim 17, further comprising load assist straps
connected between the endgate and side wails to support the endgate
in the horizontal position.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to a vehicle endgate having an integral door
or mini-gate to improve access to the vehicle cargo bed.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Most trucks include a rear cargo box with a floor called a bed. The
cargo box is closed off at its rear end by an endgate or tailgate.
The endgate is typically hinged at its bottom to the truck along a
horizontal axis. In its upright position, it closes off the cargo
box. In its lowered position, the endgate allows for loading and
unloading of cargo into and out of the cargo box.
The prior art includes numerous tailgate assemblies of varying
configurations to provide different functionality. Certain modern
vehicle designs, such as General Motors trucks the GM.RTM.
AVALANCHE.RTM. and ESCALADE.RTM. EXT, include unusually tall
endgates. For example, these vehicles may have a lift-over height,
which is the height cargo must be lifted from the ground to clear
the top of the cargo floor when the endgate is open, of
approximately 34.5 inches. With the endgate in the horizontal, open
position, the roach-over height, or length which one must reach to
load cargo onto the cargo bed over the horizontal endgate, in these
vehicles is approximately 27.5 inches. These dimensions are
significantly greater than that found in most other vehicles on the
market, such as standard pick-up trucks.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an economical solution for improved
access to a cargo bed having an endgate. The invention provides a
"tailgate in a tailgate" or "mini-gate" that provides a door which
is integrated into the endgate to improve access to a smaller
portion of the cargo bed. This door allows small amounts of long
cargo to be loaded on the open door, and provides a pass-through
opening through which a user may load cargo, such as grocery bags,
into the cargo bed. It is particularly advantageous, for use in the
above-mentioned GM vehicles because the cargo beds of such vehicles
are suitable for use as a trunk since they are virtually
waterproof. The "mini-gate" reduces reach-over by allowing cargo
loading from the side of the opening rather than over the end.
More specifically, the invention provides a vehicle including a
cargo bed having a floor, side walls and a rear end opening. An
endgate is hinged at the rear end opening so that the endgate is
pivotable between a vertical position covering the rear end opening
and a horizontal position exposing the rear end opening for cargo
loading and unloading. The endgate includes a pass-through opening
formed therein and has a door integrally contained within the
endgate. The door is pivotable with respect to the endgate between
a closed position covering the pass-through opening and an open
position to allow loading and unloading of cargo through the
pass-through opening when the endgate is in the vertical
position.
Preferably, an electrically actuated endgate latch is operatively
connected between the endgate and side walls for selectively
latching and unlatching the endgate. Also, an electrically actuated
door latch is operatively connected between the door and endgate
for selectively latching and unlatching the door. A rocker switch
is positioned below an endgate pull cup for actuating the
latches.
A relay circuit is operatively associated with the rocker switch
and configured such that only the endgate or door may be unlatched
at one time. A disabler switch is operatively connected with the
electrically actuated latches to enable the latches when a
corresponding vehicle transmission is in a parked condition, and to
disable the latches when the transmission is not in the parked
condition.
The endgate and door pivot about a common horizontal axis, and at
least one torsional load assist spring is operatively connected
between the endgate and the side walls to minimize operating
efforts in lifting the endgate to the vertical position. The
endgate includes an aluminum tube frame structure enclosed by inner
and outer twin panels. Load assist straps are connected between the
endgate and the side walls to support the endgate in the horizontal
position.
The open door or mini-gate allows a small quantity of long cargo to
be loaded through the opening, and also allows easier access to the
cargo bed for storage of groceries and the like without having to
reach over the top of the endgate.
The above objects, features, advantages, and other objects,
features, and advantages of the present invention are readily
apparent from the following detailed description of the best mode
for carrying out the invention when taken in connection with the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a partial rear perspective view of a vehicle
incorporating an endgate in accordance with the invention, with the
endgate in the vertical, closed position;
FIG. 2 shows a partial rear perspective view of the vehicle of FIG.
1 with the door (or mini-gate) in an open position;
FIG. 3 shows a partial rear perspective view of the vehicle of FIG.
1 with the endgate in the horizontal, open position;
FIG. 4 shows a partial rear perspective view of the vehicle of FIG.
1 with the trim cover panels removed from the endgate;
FIG. 5 shows an underside partial rear perspective view of the
vehicle of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 shows a close-up perspective view of the lower left end of
the endgate assembly as shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 shows a plan view of the endgate frame assembly shown in
FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 shows a close-up perspective view of the lower right end of
the endgate assembly shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 9 shows a close-up perspective view of the endgate pull cup,
rocker switch structure and endgate frame of FIG. 4; and
FIG. 10 shows a schematic illustration of a relay circuit for use
with the endgate and door of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 shows a partial perspective view of a vehicle 10 in
accordance with the present invention which includes a cargo bed 12
having a floor 14, side walls 16, 18, and a rear end opening 20
which is covered by an endgate 22.
The endgate 22 is hinged to the body of the vehicle 10 adjacent the
end of the vehicle floor 14 for pivotal movement between the
vertical position shown in FIG. 1 covering the rear end opening 20,
and the horizontal position shown in FIG. 3 exposing the rear end
opening 20 for cargo loading and unloading. As shown in FIG. 3,
assist straps 24, 26 extend between the side walls 16, 18 and the
endgate 22 to prevent over-travel of the endgate 22 beyond the
horizontal position illustrated.
As further shown in FIGS. 1-3, the endgate 22 has a pass-through
opening 28, shown in FIG. 2, formed in the endgate 22. A door (or
mini-gate) 30 is integrally contained within the endgate 22 and is
pivotable with respect to the endgate 22 between a closed position
covering the pass-through opening 28, as shown in FIG. 1, and an
open position to allow loading and unloading of cargo through the
pass-through opening when the endgate is in the vertical position,
as shown in FIG. 2.
The horizontal position of the door 30 shown in FIG. 2 allows a
small quantity of long cargo to be loaded through the open door 30.
The door 30 also allows easier access to a small portion 32 of the
cargo bed 12 for storage of groceries and the like without having
to reach over the top 34 of the endgate 22. The door 30 is
supported in its open position by assist straps 25, 27 to prevent
overtravel.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show the vehicle 10 of FIG. 1 with the trim cover
panels 36, 38 removed so that the endgate frame assembly 40 is
visible. The endgate frame assembly 40 is an aluminum tube
structure which is pivotally connected to the vehicle body by the
support brackets 42, 44, 46, 48, 50. Referring to FIGS. 6, 7, and
8, each of the support brackets 42, 44, 46, 48, 50 supports a
respective pivot pin 52 which pivotally supports the frame 54 with
respect to the support brackets 42, 44, 46, 48, 50. The frame 54
includes upper and lower transverse bars 56, 58, side bars 60, 62,
and a door frame 64 contained therein. The frame 54 also includes
latch housings 66, 68, 70, 72 which house pivotable latches
operative to engage corresponding strikers. For example, the latch
housing 66 contains a pivotable latch which is engageable with a
striker pin on the side wall 18 of the cargo bed 12. The latch
housing 72 contains a latch which is pivotally engageable with a
striker pin on the side wall 16 of the cargo bed 12. The latch
housings 68, 70 contain pivotable latches which are engageable with
striker pins 74, 76 which are carried by the door frame 64.
Preferably, the latches are those available from Keykert USA, Inc.
of Webberville, Mich.
The latches contained within the latch housings 66, 68, 70, 72 are
electrically actuated for selectively latching and unlatching the
endgate 22 and the door 30. The relay circuit associated with such
latches is shown in FIG. 10. As shown, the relay circuit 80
provides the necessary signals to actuate the right hand endgate
(or tailgate) power latch 82 (located inside housing 72), left hand
endgate (or tailgate) power latch 84 (inside housing 66), right
hand door (mini-gate) power latch 86 (inside housing 70), and left
hand door power latch 88 (inside housing 68). These latches 82, 84,
86, 88 are actuated by a selector switch 90, which is also shown in
FIG. 9 positioned under the endgate pull cup 92. The switch 90 is a
toggle switch which selectively actuates (disengages) either the
endgate latches 82, 84 or the door latches 86, 88.
The switch 90 is available from Magna Atoma Hardware & Door
Systems of Aurora, Ontario under the part name "Switch ASM--Rear
Window".
The relay circuit 80 has two protection devices so that the latches
are only operated when desired. The first protection device is a
transmission park position switch 94 which is closed only when the
transmission is in park so that the latches may be disengaged only
when the vehicle is in a parked condition. The second protection
device is also illustrated in FIG. 10. The door (or mini-gate)
safety switches 96, 98 and endgate (or tailgate) latch relay 100
assure that the endgate latches 82, 84 may only be disengaged when
the door 30 is closed. Similarly, the endgate (or tailgate) safety
switches 102, 104 and door (or mini-gate) latch relay 106 ensure
that the door latches 86, 88 may only be disengaged when the
endgate 22 is in the closed position.
Power for operating the latches 82, 84, 86, 88 is provided by the
battery 108. A key fob can be used to lock and unlock the latches
82, 84, 86, 88.
Referring to FIG. 6, the endgate (or tailgate) latch relay 100 and
door (or mini-gate) latch relay 106 shown in FIG. 10 are housed
within the boxes 110, 112.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 also illustrate the clock, or torsional load
assist springs 114, 116 which provide an assist force in closing
the endgate 22. As shown in FIG. 6, the distal end 118 of the
spring 114 is connected to the bar 120 on the frame 54 so that the
torsional spring 114 is rotatably stretched when the endgate 22 is
opened, and this stretching results in an assist force in closing
the door. The assist force provided by the spring 114 may be
adjusted by adjusting the rotational position of the spring 114
with respect to the slots 122 in the adjustment bracket 124, which
is mounted to the vehicle body 126. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 8,
the spring 116 has a distal end 128 which is connected to the bar
130 on the frame 54 to provide additional assist force in closing
the endgate 22. Again, the spring 116 is attached to the body 126
and is rotatably adjustable by means of slots 132 on the adjustment
bracket 134.
In a mockup version of the invention, the endgate lift effort was
20.7 lbs fully opened, as compared to 26.7 lbs fully opened without
a clock spring in a stock Avalanche.RTM. endgate. The endgate
closing effort was 5.3 lbs at approximately 6 inches opened, as
compared to 6.1 lbs without a clock spring in the stock
Avalanche.RTM. endgate.
As shown in FIG. 7, the endgate frame assembly 54 and door frame 64
pivot about a common pivot axis 136, which also intersects the
center of the springs 114, 116.
While the best mode for carrying out the invention has been
described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this
invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and
embodiments for practicing the invention within the scope of the
appended claims.
* * * * *