U.S. patent number 6,612,984 [Application Number 09/724,721] was granted by the patent office on 2003-09-02 for system and method for collecting and transmitting medical data.
Invention is credited to Robert A. Kerr, II.
United States Patent |
6,612,984 |
Kerr, II |
September 2, 2003 |
System and method for collecting and transmitting medical data
Abstract
A system and method for collecting and transmitting medical and
health-related data over a network are disclosed. A measuring
device measures a user's physiological attribute and produces a
first signal related thereto, which an integration system coupled
to the measuring device receives and converts into a second signal
for transmitting over the Internet. In accordance with one aspect
of a preferred embodiment, the integration system is adapted to
read the first signal as it is sent from the measuring device to
its display. A communications system transmits the second signal
over the Internet to a remote system using any of a variety of
techniques known in the art. The remote system extracts the
measured physiological attribute and other associated data from the
second signal and populates a database. Preferably, a web-based
portal provides access to the data for one or more users.
Inventors: |
Kerr, II; Robert A. (Newport
Beach, CA) |
Family
ID: |
27767451 |
Appl.
No.: |
09/724,721 |
Filed: |
November 28, 2000 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/300;
600/323 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G16H
10/20 (20180101); G16H 40/67 (20180101); G06Q
20/203 (20130101); A61B 5/0002 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
5/00 (20060101); A61B 005/00 (); G06F 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;600/300,301,323
;128/903,904,920 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9824212 |
|
Apr 1998 |
|
WO |
|
98/24358 |
|
Jun 1998 |
|
WO |
|
9859487 |
|
Dec 1998 |
|
WO |
|
9914882 |
|
Mar 1999 |
|
WO |
|
200049549 |
|
Aug 2000 |
|
WO |
|
200052604 |
|
Sep 2000 |
|
WO |
|
Other References
Hutten, H. et al, "Cardiac Telemonitoring By Integrating Pacemaker
Telemetry Within Worldwide Data Communication Systems," Proc. 19th
Intl. Conf. IEEE/EMBS Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1997, pp. 974-976.* .
Singh S., et al, "Internet Based Infant Monitoring System," Proc.
of 1st Joint BMES/EMBS Conf., Oct. 13-16, 1999, p. 674.* .
Lee, H., et al, "Remote Patient Monitoring Service Through
World-Wide Web," Proc. 19th Intl Conf, IEEE/EMBS Oct. 30-Nov. 2,
1997, pp. 928-931.* .
Park, S et al, "Real-Time Monitoring of Patients on Remote Sites,"
Proc. of 20th Intl Conf IEEE Med Biol Soc., vol. 20, No. 3, 1998,
pp. 1321-1325.* .
Magrabi F, et al, "Web Based Longitudinal ECG Monitoring," Proc. of
20th Intl Conf IEEE Med Biol Soc., vol. 20, No. 3, 1998, pp.
1155-1158.* .
Vargas, J.E., "Home-Based Monitoring of Cardiac Patients," Info
Tech Apps Biomed, Proc 1998 IEEE Intl Conf, May 16-17, 1998.* .
Barro, S. et al, "Intelligent Telemonitoring of Critical-Care
Patients," IEEE Engr Med Biol., Jul./Aug. 1999, pp. 80-88.* .
Nelwan, S., et al, "Ubiquitous Access to Real-Time Patient
Monitoring Data," Computers in Cardiology vol. 24, 1997.* .
Website: Fitsense, www.fitsense.com. .
Website: Hommed, www.hommed.com. .
Website:LifeChart, www.lifechart.com. .
Website: LifeLink, www. LImi.com. .
Website: Sensatex, www.sensatex.com. .
Website: Sportbrain, www.sportbrain.com/products/essentials.cfm.
.
Website: StayHealthy, www.stayhealthy.com. .
Website: Sunbeam, www.thaliaproducts.com..
|
Primary Examiner: Jeffery; John A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe
LLP
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION
This application is based on provisional patent application Ser.
No. 60/168,942 filed Dec. 3, 1999.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A system for collecting and transmitting medical and
health-related data of at least one user over a network, the system
comprising: a pre-existing measuring device adapted to measure at
least one physiological attribute of a user, comprising: a digital
display adapted to display the physiological attribute measurement
of the user; and a processor adapted to output a first signal to
the digital display over a communication bus, wherein the first
signal is related to the physiological attribute measurement of the
user; an integration system coupled to the communication bus, the
integration system adapted to acquire the measurement from the
pre-existing measuring device by tapping the first signal from the
communication bus such that the first signal is not degraded
causing the digital display to read an incorrect value, and adapted
to convert the first signal into a second signal for wireless
transmission over a network; a communications system adapted to
wirelessly transmit the second signal over the network; and a
remote system communicatively coupled to the network and adapted to
receive the second signal.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the integration system is adapted
to add a unique device identifier to the second signal, the device
identifier uniquely identifying the measuring device.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the communications system is
adapted to encode the second signal for transmission over the
network.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the remote system comprises: a
computer system adapted to extract from the second signal the
measured physiological attribute and the device identifier; and a
database; wherein the computer system populates the database with
the measured physiological attribute and device identifier.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the integration system adds a
unique user identifier to the second signal, and wherein the
computer system extracts the user identifier from the encoded
second signal and populates the database with the user
identifier.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the integration system includes a
second display for visually representing the physiological
attribute as indicated by the first signal.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the second signal is a text
string.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the measuring device is a weight
scale.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the communications system
comprises two-way pager hardware for wireless transmission of the
second signal over the network.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the remote system wirelessly
transmits a receipt message to the communications system after it
receives the second signal.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the integration system and the
communications system are built on a same second processor.
12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a web-based portal
adapted to allow users to access the data over the network.
13. A method for collecting medical and health-related data
representing at least one physiological attribute of at least one
user and transmitting the data over a network, comprising:
measuring a physiological attribute of a user with a pre-existing
measuring device comprising a communication bus coupled with a
processor and a digital display; sending a first output signal
relating to the physiological attribute over the communication bus
from the processor to the digital display; tapping the first signal
from the communication bus with an integration system such that the
first signal is not degraded causing the digital display to read an
incorrect value; converting the first signal for wireless
transmission over a network to a remote system; and wirelessly
transmitting the data over the network to the remote system.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of storing
the data in the remote system.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the measuring device is a
weight scale.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the converting step encodes the
physiological attribute, as represented by the first signal, into a
text string.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the converting step further
adds a unique user identifier and device identifier to the text
string, the user identifier corresponding to the user who was
measured by the measuring device and the device identifier
corresponding to the measuring device.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the remote system returns a
receipt message after it receives the data.
19. The method of claim 14, wherein the transmitting step is
accomplished by sending the data using two-way pager hardware for
wireless transmission.
20. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of
providing a portal for accessing the data over the network.
21. A method of fabricating a system for collecting and
transmitting medical and health-related data of at least one user
over the Internet, comprising: providing a pre-existing measuring
device adapted to measure at least one physiological attribute of a
user, the measuring device comprising a digital display adapted to
display the physiological attribute measurement of the user, and a
processor adapted to output a first signal to the digital display
over a communication bus, wherein the first signal is related to
the physiological attribute measurement of the user; adapting an
integration system to convert the first signal into a second signal
for wireless transmission over a network; adapting the integration
system to acquire the measurement from the pre-existing measuring
device by tapping the first signal from the communication bus such
that the first signal is not degraded causing the digital display
to read an incorrect value; communicatively coupling a
communications system to the integration system and a network, the
communication system adapted to wirelessly transmit the second
signal over the network; and communicatively coupling a remote
system to the network, the remote system adapted to receive the
second signal.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to systems for collecting and transmitting
medical and health-related data over a network.
The healthcare industry is the largest sector of this nation's
economy, comprising over one trillion dollars, or roughly 13% of
the gross domestic product (GDP). Because of increasing healthcare
costs, it is desirable to reduce overhead, free hospitals beds, and
increase compliance with treatment. Remote medical data monitoring
devices are directed precisely at those goals.
Accordingly, advances in healthcare and medical devices are
increasingly required to meets the needs of an aging population.
For example, medical industry experts predict that the demand for
medical data monitoring systems will drastically increase over the
next decade. Existing monitoring systems, however, fall short of
satisfying customers' needs in several ways.
Some remote monitoring systems have been designed to allow patients
to transmit their medical data from their homes. An example of one
such monitoring system provides a measuring device, such as a blood
sugar monitor, which a patient uses to measure a physiological
attribute. The patient then enters the measurements taken by the
device into the monitoring system, which transmits the data over
phone lines or the Internet. Obvious drawbacks of this system are
reliability of data and ease of use. Due to human error, users will
sometimes enter incorrect data. Because it is not connected to the
measuring device, the monitoring system is incapable of detecting
or correcting the error, and the database is therefore corrupted.
Further, it is inconvenient, and perhaps difficult for some users,
to manually enter data. Other existing devices are inadequate
because they are not easily expanded, cannot work with multiple
users or devices, or are encumbered by physical wire
connections.
SUMMARY OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Accordingly, a system for collecting and transmitting medical and
health-related data over a network is provided. In one preferred
embodiment, the system comprises a measuring device that measures a
physiological attribute and produces a first signal related
thereto, an integration system coupled to the measuring device that
receives the first signal from the measuring device and converts it
into a second signal for transmitting over the Internet, a
communications system that transmits the second signal over the
Internet, and a remote system that receives the second signal. In
accordance with one aspect of the preferred embodiment, the
integration system is adapted to read the first signal as it is
sent from the measuring device to its display. In accordance with
one aspect of the preferred embodiment, the remote system extracts
the measured physiological attribute from the second signal and
populates a database with that data. In accordance with another
aspect of the preferred embodiment, a web-based portal is provided
for accessing the database over the Internet.
In another preferred embodiment, a method is disclosed for
collecting and transmitting medical and health-related data over a
network. The method includes the steps of collecting the data by
sensing an electrical signal from a measuring device, converting
the electrical signal for transmitting over the network, and
transmitting the data to a remote system.
In another preferred embodiment, several measuring devices are
adapted to measure physiological attributes and produce
corresponding signals relating thereto, an integration system
receives the signals and converts them into a format that a
communications system transmits over the network, and a remote
system coupled to the network receives the data. In accordance with
one aspect of the preferred embodiment, the signals include unique
user identifiers that associate each datum with an individual user,
thereby allowing the system to maintain data for multiple users and
multiple devices.
Other aspects and features of the present invention will become
apparent from consideration of the following description taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system according to a preferred
embodiment.
FIGS. 2a-c are block diagrams of interfaces between the measurement
device and the integration system according to corresponding
preferred embodiments.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the system according to another
preferred embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A system for collecting and transmitting data over a network is
herein described. In particular, the system is described as applied
to the collection and transmission of medical data from one or more
measuring devices; however, it will become apparent to persons
skilled in the art that the teachings of this disclosure can be
applied to other fields.
Referring to FIG. 1, a block diagram is provided showing the
fundamental aspects of the system. In accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the system, a measuring device, integration system,
communications system, and remote system are provided. The
measuring device measures a predetermined datum or data, which the
integration system then acquires and formats for the communication
system. The communications system provides an interface for
transmitting the data across a network--e.g., the Internet--to the
remote system, which then records the data for subsequent
processing.
The measuring device may be any type of device that takes at least
one measurement and converts it into one or more electrical
signals. Preferably, the measuring device comprises a
microprocessor that sends the electrical signals to a digital
display, which then displays the measurement. A variety of existing
medical devices can act as the measuring device in conjunction with
this system, including weight scales, body fat measuring devices,
blood glucose monitors, coumadin monitors, blood pressure monitors,
heart rate monitors, and various fitness equipment.
The integration system is specifically adapted to acquire the
measurement from the particular measuring device. As the types of
measuring devices that may be used with this system vary, so do the
possible techniques for acquiring data from the devices. One method
of capturing data from the measuring devices is illustrated in FIG.
2a, in which the measuring device comprises a processor and a
digital display. The processor and display are electrically coupled
by a plurality of lines, the number of lines being dictated by the
design of the measuring device. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2a,
the integration system is connected to the measuring device in
parallel with the microprocessor and display. The integrated system
can thus "tap" into the measuring device--either from the output
pins or socket of the processor, the input pins or socket of the
display, or anywhere along the cable or traces between the
processor and display. The integration system is preferably
designed so that, when connected in parallel to the measuring
device as described, it does not degrade the electrical signal and
cause the display to read an incorrect value.
Alternatively, the integration system can be electrically coupled
to the measuring device in series with the processor and display,
as diagramed in FIG. 2b. In this embodiment, the integration system
is adapted to receive the electrical signals directly from the
processor. The integration system is further adapted to supply the
electrical signals to the display of the measuring device. In
accordance with yet another embodiment, shown in FIG. 2c, the
display of the measuring device and the integration system are each
connected directly to the processor. This method is suitable for
measuring devices that include an extra port from which the data is
accessible. In this embodiment, the electrical signals sent from
the processor to the display may be different from those sent to
the integration system.
Typically, the electrical signals tapped by the integration system
as described above are multiplexed signals sent to a digital
display, such as an LCD or LED display. Depending on the design of
the measuring device and its display, the integration system
includes to hardware and/or software for determining the data from
the plurality of electrical signals using techniques known in the
art. For example, the integration system may include a network of
logic gates for decoding and demultiplexing the signals from the
digital display of the measuring device. Alternatively, the
integration system can include a microprocessor programmed to
decode the data from the signals. It can be appreciated that the
integration system must be specifically designed for each type of
measuring device because the formats of the signals will vary from
device to device, and thus the algorithm for retrieving the data
from the signals will likewise vary. The system is therefore highly
adaptable and modular, as almost any type of electrical device can
be thus tapped for its data.
Using the above techniques, the integration system can be adapted
to acquire measurements from an existing OEM measuring device. In
such a case, little or no modification of the OEM device's
processor would be required; therefore, it is relatively easy to
provide additional functionality for the system by adding different
types of measuring devices. In the case of medical devices, that
little or no modification of the device is required avoids certain
FDA requirements for new devices, allowing the system to enter the
marketplace faster. The integration system could also be designed
in conjunction with a new measuring device, in which case it would
be possible to provide the measuring device and integration system
in one package.
In accordance with an aspect of a preferred embodiment, the
integration system may also include a display for displaying the
measurement that it acquired from the measuring device.
The integration system further adds data to the measurement that it
retrieves from the measuring device. The integration system appends
to the measurement a unique device identifier (ID). The device ID
is preferably an integer, for example a six-digit number. The
device ID is unique to each measuring device, and in some cases it
may be read directly from the measuring device. In systems where
several users share a measuring device, the integration system
preferably further adds a unique user ID to the measurement and
device ID, since a device ID alone would not be sufficient to
associate the measurement with a particular user. The integration
system may retrieve the user ID from the measuring device if
available therefrom, or the user ID may be inputted directly into
the integration system by the user via a programmable card swipe,
keyed input, or any other means known in the art.
The integration system formats the measurement, device ID, and user
ID for transmission to the communications system, to which the
integration system is communicatively coupled. In accordance with a
preferred embodiment, the integration system formats the
measurement, device ID, and user ID as a text string.
Alternatively, this data could be encoded using a standard or a
proprietary algorithm. The integration system or the communications
system may also add a time and date stamp to the data to indicate
when the measurement was taken.
Although the integration and communication systems can be distinct
systems, they may be implemented as a single unit using shared
hardware and software. Further, this unit may be integral with the
measuring device, as mentioned above.
The communication system formats the data received from the
integration system for transmission over a network to the remote
system. In a preferred embodiment, the data are sent over the
Internet to the remote system. The data can be formatted in any of
a variety of appropriate formats known in the art. If sent over the
Internet, the data may be put into any of the established Internet
communications protocols. For example, a text string containing the
data could be inserted into the subject line or body of an Internet
email, which would then be sent to a desired email address.
Alternatively, the data could be put into a markup language such as
HTML or XML, be inserted into a file sent over the network, or sent
via a secure protocol such as SHTTP or SSL.
The communications system sends the formatted data to a remote
system, which is also communicatively coupled to the network. In
accordance with an aspect of a preferred embodiment, the remote
system is programmed to determine the identity of the user to whom
the measurement applies using only the device ID and/or user ID
provided in the transmission. Therefore, it is unnecessary for
information of a personal nature to be sent over the network. This
is highly desirable in the context of, e.g., medical related data,
as such information tends to be of a personal nature. While secure
protocols and encryption techniques known in the art may be added
to the system, the absence of personal information in the
transmission obviates the need for these additional security
techniques.
The communications system can be communicatively coupled to the
network using a variety of methods well known in the art.
Preferably, the connection to the network is effected without
physical connections. Wireless communication makes the system more
expandable for adding measuring devices and the like without the
extra confusion of physical connections. For example, commercially
available two-way pager communication systems may be used to
provide the network connection interface. These commercially
available systems are easily modified to interface with the
integration system and may also be advantageously located within
the housing of the device. The communications system may
alternatively transmit the data using, e.g., Bluetooth technology
or through the transmission bands of cellular phones that do not
normally carry voice data. Many other techniques known in the art
may also be used to transmit the data. For example, the
communications system may be coupled to a computer having a
communications link with the network, through, e.g., an ISDN line,
cable modem, or DSL. Alternatively, the communications system may
be linked to the network via a modem and phone connection. It is
apparent that any of the known techniques for transmitting the data
as described herein may be employed without departing from the
inventive concepts of this disclosure.
Preferably, a data verification algorithm is performed to validate
the integrity of the data packets as they are sent from the
communications system to the remote system. One widely used
technique is the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). In the CRC, a
number is calculated from the contents of a packet using a standard
algorithm, and that number is then appended to the packet in a
final field. After the packet is transmitted, the algorithm is
performed on the received packet, and the numerical result is
compared to the contents of the CRC field. If the calculated result
is not equal to the value of the CRC field, the packet is discarded
because the packet received is not identical to the packet sent.
The CRC is preferred because it is a very powerful and easily
implemented technique for ensuring data reliability; however, it
should be understood that any known data checking technique can be
used with the present system, and CRC is described by way of
example.
The remote system is adapted to receive and decode the data
transmitted from the communications system over the network. For
example, in the case where the data is sent as a text string in the
subject line of an Internet email, the remote system would first
extract the string. The remote system would then parse the string
to retrieve the data, which would then be placed in an appropriate
database for receiving such information. The remote system could
also add a time and date stamp to the data to indicate when it was
received by the remote system and stored in the database.
Preferably, the remote system sends a confirmation message to the
communications system that indicates whether the data was received
or whether it needs to be resent.
Once the measurement data collected by the remote system is
inserted into one or more databases, the remote system may then
provide a portal for accessing the data. In accordance with one
embodiment, a computer system provides a web-based portal for
viewing the data in a secure manner. To optimize performance, the
portal might employ a secondary database keyed to individual users.
The user or other authorized person could log into the portal using
a web browser from any computer in the world connected to the
Internet. By entering a user name and password, the person could
access the data and any other functionality that the portal
provides. Advantageously, the portal could include advertisements,
and these advertisements could be highly targeted because the
content of the information being accessed is known.
Referring to an example in which the data is medical related, a
patient would be able to access his or her medical profile from any
web browser. This medical profile would include the data measured
by the medical measuring device. The profile could also be made
accessible to the patient's physician, other medical personnel, and
perhaps the patient's insurance company. The profile could also be
tailored and formatted for which party accesses the information, as
it may be desirable to limit some information provided to third
parties. The patient's medical profile could be useful, e.g., in
determining the patient's compliance with a prescribed medical
regimen.
In one exemplary embodiment, the system is adapted to provide
patients with fertility counseling. The measuring device is a
fertility thermometer, and individual patients would take readings
from the thermometer at regular intervals. After sufficient data is
acquired by the remote system, a patient could access the portal to
view her medical profile, which might include, e.g., a graph of the
temperature readings over the fertility cycle. The portal might
also provide the patient with counseling, such as a time period of
greatest fertility during the cycle.
As explained, the system can be adapted to accommodate several
measuring devices, which may be desired when a user has several
physical attributes to be monitored. Also, a plurality of measuring
devices serving several users would be desired in a system for
monitoring the fitness progress of members of a health club. In
such a system, one or more of the measuring devices would be
fitness machines. The system could be adapted to provide club
members with access to their individual fitness profiles using a
terminal at the club or, perhaps, from their homes via the
Internet.
FIG. 3 illustrates how such a system can be configured. According
to a preferred embodiment, a plurality of measuring devices are
provided. Each measuring device is connected to an integration
system, which is adapted to extract data from the associated
measuring device as explained above with reference to FIG. 1. After
a measurement is taken by a measuring device, the corresponding
integration system then adds the unique device and user IDs to the
data, formats it, and transmits it to a central communications
system. Upon receiving a measurement from an integration system,
the communications system transmits the data to the remote system
via the network, as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and
alternative forms, specific examples thereof have been shown in the
drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be
understood, however, that the invention is not to be limited to the
particular form disclosed, but to the contrary, the invention is to
cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling
within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *
References