U.S. patent number 6,480,174 [Application Number 09/415,613] was granted by the patent office on 2002-11-12 for eyeglass-mount display having personalized fit module.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Optimize Incorporated. Invention is credited to Gary E. Hart, Raymond T. Hebert, Rick James Kaufmann, Peter K. S. Lee, Roland J. Montalbo, James W. Pfeiffer, Loren D. Stirling, Barry Wingate.
United States Patent |
6,480,174 |
Kaufmann , et al. |
November 12, 2002 |
Eyeglass-mount display having personalized fit module
Abstract
An eyeglass-mount display (EMD) device includes a frame, a
display pod, and a personalized module removably coupled to the
frame. The frame has a cross-bracket and a pair of ear pieces each
coupled to an end of the cross-bracket. The display pod is mounted
to the cross-bracket and includes an electronic image generator for
generating an image and optics for creating a virtual image. The
personalized module includes preset fitting adjustments specific to
a particular user. The module may also include corrective optical
lenses. The removable personalized module enables multiple users to
share the same EMD frame and display pod without making numerous
fitting adjustments upon donning the EMD.
Inventors: |
Kaufmann; Rick James (late of
Los Gatos, CA), Hebert; Raymond T. (Los Gatos, CA),
Pfeiffer; James W. (Los Gatos, CA), Hart; Gary E. (Santa
Cruz, CA), Stirling; Loren D. (Aptos, CA), Wingate;
Barry (San Jose, CA), Montalbo; Roland J. (San Jose,
CA), Lee; Peter K. S. (San Jose, CA) |
Assignee: |
Optimize Incorporated (Los
Gatos, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23646423 |
Appl.
No.: |
09/415,613 |
Filed: |
October 9, 1999 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
345/8; 345/7;
348/52; 348/53; 359/13 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G02B
27/0172 (20130101); G02B 27/0176 (20130101); G02B
2027/0132 (20130101); G02B 2027/0178 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G02B
27/01 (20060101); G09G 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;345/7,8 ;348/52,53,115
;359/13 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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0 592 318 |
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Apr 1994 |
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EP |
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0 899 599 |
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Mar 1999 |
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EP |
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WO 98/57214 |
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Dec 1998 |
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WO |
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WO 98/59273 |
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Dec 1998 |
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WO |
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WO 99/31543 |
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Jun 1999 |
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WO |
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Primary Examiner: Shalwala; Bipin
Assistant Examiner: Nguyen; Jimmy H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Skjerven Morrill LLP Allenby;
Christopher B.
Claims
We claim:
1. A display apparatus comprising: a frame, the frame including a
cross-bracket, a left ear piece, and a right ear piece, wherein the
left ear piece is coupled to an end of the cross-bracket and the
right ear piece is coupled to another end of the cross-bracket; a
display pod mounted to the cross-bracket, the display pod including
an electronic video image generator and optics for creating a
virtual image of an image generated by the electronic video image
generator; and a personalized module rigidly and removably coupled
to the cross-bracket, wherein the personalized module includes an
adjustment mechanism; and wherein the adjustment mechanism allows a
user, when wearing the apparatus, to adjust a position of the
display pod with respect the eyes of the user, and wherein the
adjustment mechanism includes a cam, the cam resting against a
portion of the frame so as to adjust a position of either the left
or the right ear piece with respect to the display pod, thereby
adjusting a pitch and or a roll angle of the display pod with
respect to the eyes of the user.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the left and right ear pieces are
pivotally coupled to the cross-bracket, and are spring-loaded
inward against the head of the user.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the adjustment mechanism includes
an adjustable nose piece assembly configured to rest on the nose of
the user, and the nose piece assembly includes detents to secure a
horizontal and a vertical position of the display pod with respect
to the eyes of the user.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the adjustment mechanism includes
an adjustable nose piece assembly configured to rest on the nose of
the user, and the nose piece assembly includes detents to secure a
looking angle of the user into the display pod.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein the personalized module includes
at least one corrective ophthalmic lens.
6. The device of claim 5 wherein the ophthalmic lens provides
substantially the same ophthalmic correction provided by spectacles
prescribed for the user.
7. A display apparatus comprising: a frame, the frame including a
cross-bracket, a left ear piece, and a right ear piece, wherein the
left ear piece is coupled to an end of the cross-bracket and the
right ear piece is coupled to another end of the cross-bracket, and
wherein the left ear piece and the right ear piece are pivotally
coupled to the cross-bracket; a display pod mounted to the
cross-bracket, the display pod including an electronic video image
generator and optics for creating a virtual image of an image
generated by the electronic video image generator; and a
personalized module rigidly and removably coupled to the
cross-bracket, wherein the personalized module includes an
adjustment mechanism; wherein the adjustment mechanism allows a
user, when wearing the apparatus, to adjust a position of the
display pod with respect the eyes of the user, and wherein the
adjustment mechanism includes a first cam resting against a portion
of the left ear piece such that the first cam when turned adjusts a
position of the left ear piece, and a second cam resting against a
portion of the right ear piece such that the second cam when turned
adjusts a position of the right ear piece.
8. A method of displaying an electrically generated image to a
user, the method comprising the acts of: providing a display
apparatus, the display apparatus including a frame and a display
pod attached to the frame, the frame including a cross-bracket and
two ear pieces each coupled to the cross-bracket, the display pod
including an image generator for generating the electrically
generated image and display optics for creating a virtual image of
the electrically generated image; removably coupling a first
personalized module to the frame, the first personalized module
including a first adjustment mechanism for fitting the apparatus to
a first user's head; placing the apparatus on the first user's head
so as to rest on the first user's nose and ears; and adjusting the
first adjustment mechanism so as to allow the first user to see the
electrically generated image; wherein adjusting the first
adjustment mechanism comprises turning a cam to adjust a roll angle
of the display pod with respect to the first user's eyes.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising the acts of: removing
the first personalized module from the frame; removably coupling a
second personalized module to the frame, the second personalized
module including a second adjustment mechanism for fitting the
apparatus to a second user's head; placing on the second user's
head the display apparatus with the second personalized module
attached so as to rest on the second user's nose and ears; and
adjusting the second adjustment mechanism so as to allow the second
user to see the electrically generated image.
10. The method of claims 9 further comprising the acts of: removing
the second personalized module from the display apparatus;
removably recoupling the first personalized module to the display
apparatus; and replacing on the first user's head the display
apparatus having the first personalized module attached, so as to
allow the first user to see the electrically generated image
without significantly adjusting the first adjustment mechanism.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein adjusting the first adjustment
mechanism comprises positioning a nose piece assembly resting on
the first user's nose.
12. A method of displaying an electrically generated image to a
user, the method comprising the acts of: providing a display
apparatus, the display apparatus including a frame and a display
pod attached to the frame, the frame including a cross-bracket and
two ear pieces each coupled to the cross-bracket, the display pod
including an image generator for generating the electrically
generated image and display optics for creating a virtual image of
the electrically generated image; removably coupling a first
personalized module to the frame, the first personalized module
including a first adjustment mechanism for fitting the apparatus to
a first placing the apparatus on the first user's head so as to
rest on the first user's nose and ears; and adjusting the first
adjustment mechanism so as to allow the first user to see the
electrically generated image; wherein adjusting the first
adjustment mechanism comprises turning a cam to adjust the pitch
angle of the display pod with respect to the first user's eyes.
Description
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to imaging display systems. More
particularly, the present invention relates to an eyeglass-mount
display system with a removable personalized module.
2. Related art
Convenient, high-quality and cost-effective remote imaging has
become increasingly popular in the medical field during recent
years. This is particularly true for surgical procedures, such as
minimally invasive surgery, in which direct viewing of the surgical
field by the surgeon is difficult. In minimally invasive surgery, a
minimally invasive instrument, such as an endoscope or a
laparoscope, is inserted into a patient through a body orifice or
small incision. The minimally invasive instrument includes a video
camera which enables the surgeon to view the surgical field. In a
conventional surgical environment, the video camera transmits the
video image via a cable to a conventional CRT video monitor. This
arrangement is cumbersome in an operating room environment because
equipment or surgical team members can obstruct the surgeon's view
of the video monitor. In addition, room ambient illumination or
surgical lighting can reduce the CRT display contrast, and the
surgeon's viewing angle and distance from the CRT may not be
favorable to quality vision and eye-hand coordination.
Head-mounted displays (HMDs) provide a solution to this problem.
The image from the video camera of the minimally invasive
instrument is transmitted to the HMD that the surgeon wears on his
or her head. Thus, the HMD provides the surgeon with a direct,
unobstructed view of the surgical field.
HMDs have become increasingly popular, but they are relatively
expensive. HMDs used in the medical field require small but high
resolution displays. In addition, many stereoscopic or binocular
HMDs use dual display devices for two eye channels. One such
medical stereoscopic HMD system having dual display devices is
described in Heacock et al., "Viewing Ocular Tissues with a
Stereoscopic Endoscope Coupled to a Head Mounted Display (HMD)"
(visited Feb. 17, 1998) <http://www.hitl
washington.edu/publications/heacock/>. Because these HMDs
include two LCD displays, they are typically heavy, bulky, and
expensive.
Due to the high cost of HMDs, several users may choose to share a
single HMD. Because different users have different head dimensions
and vision requirements, sharing a HMD requires each user make
numerous adjustments to the HMD in order for the HMD to fit on an
individual user's head properly and to avoid eye fatigue. These
adjustments include adjusting for the spacing between each user's
eyes, known as the inter-pupillary distance (IPD), as well as for
the position of each user's eyes relative to his or her nose and
ears. Requiring users to make these adjustments every time they don
the HMD is both time consuming and complex. In addition, if the
user fails to adjust the HMD properly, not only will the HMD be
uncomfortable to wear, but it can also result in eye strain or eye
fatigue. Furthermore, HMDs can be especially awkward and
uncomfortable for users wearing corrective eyeglasses because the
HMD must be worn over the corrective eyeglasses. Allowing for
eyeglass wearers adds size and weight to the HMD design with
resulting discomfort.
Thus, there is a need for an easily adjustable eyeglass-mount
display (EMD) that can be shared among multiple users. The EMD
should minimize the number of adjustments that each user is
required to make each time he or she dons the device. In addition,
there is a need for an EMD with a small but high resolution display
so as to preserve peripheral vision.
The following references are commonly assigned with the present
application and are incorporated herein by reference:
a. U.S. Pat. No. 5,926,318 titled "Biocular Viewing System with
Intermediate Image Planes for an Electronic Display Device" issued
to Raymond T. Hebert;
b. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/241,828, filed Feb. 1, 1999,
entitled "Color Superposition, Mixing, and Correction for a Video
Display System," by Raymond T. Hebert;
c. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/305,092, filed May 3, 1999,
entitled "Infrared Audio/Video Interface for Head-Mounted Display,"
by Raymond T. Hebert et al.; d. U.S. patent application Ser. No.
09362,927, filed Jul. 27, 1999, entitled "Color Superposition and
Mixing of Light Beams for a Visual Display" by Raymond T. Hebert;
and
e. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09373,807, filed Aug. 13, 1999,
entitled "Compact Biocular Viewing System for an Electronic
Display," by Raymond T. Hebert.
SUMMARY
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, an
eyeglass-mount display (EMD) apparatus includes a support frame, a
display pod attached to the support frame, and a personalized
module removably coupled to the frame. The frame has a cross
bracket and a pair of spring-loaded ear pieces. Each ear piece is
attached to an end of the cross bracket. The display pod is mounted
on the cross bracket and includes an electronic image generator and
optics for viewing a generated image. The display pod also includes
an inter-pupillary distance adjustment and internal sighting
mechanisms to aid proper image alignment for the user, thereby
reducing long-term eyestrain.
The removable personalized module enables multiple users to share
the same EMD frame and display pod without making numerous fitting
adjustments upon swapping the display apparatus among each other.
Some embodiments of the personalized module include a pair of
corrective eye lenses that, if required, replace the user's normal
corrective spectacles. The personalized module is fitted to a
particular user by moving one or more integral adjustment
mechanisms. The fitting adjustments accommodate the user's nose and
ear heights in relation to his or her eyes. The adjustments also
accommodate differences in eye level. An adjustable nose piece in
the personalized module allows for horizontal and vertical
adjustment of the display pod with respect to the user's eyes. Cams
on the side of the personalized module adjust ear piece height, a
movement that also moves the display pod with respect to the user's
eyes. After donning the display apparatus, the user aligns the
image generated in the display pod with his or her eyes by
adjusting the nose piece and the ear pieces.
In accordance with the invention, each user first inserts his or
her personalized module into the support frame and adjusts the nose
piece and ear piece settings. The first user focuses the displayed
image. Each user adjusts movable lenses in the display pod to
accommodate his or her IPD and then makes fine fitting
adjustments.
During use, when the EMD is swapped to a second user, the first
user removes his or her personalized module, and the second user
inserts their own preadjusted personalized module. The second user
then adjusts the display pod for their IPD. But the second user
need not adjust the fit or the focus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a support portion of a
display apparatus in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is another perspective view of the embodiment of the
invention shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing a
display pod attached to a support portion of a display
apparatus.
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a cross-bracket and
latches.
FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate how latches open and release a
personalized module.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the interior of a spring
housing.
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of an ear piece.
FIG. 8 is an exploded view showing several components of a
personalized module.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a nose piece assembly.
FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the nose piece assembly shown in
FIG. 9.
FIGS. 11A and 11B are front and side views, respectively, of a
nosepad support.
FIGS. 12A, 12B, and 12C are front, side, and top views,
respectively, of a nosepad bracket.
FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C are front, side, and rear views,
respectively, of a lock.
FIG. 14 is a front view of a nose pad.
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a nose
piece assembly.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing the second
embodiment of a nose piece assembly.
FIG. 17 is a top view diagram illustrating internal components of a
display pod.
FIG. 18 is a split view diagram showing alternate positions of a
carriage and lenses in a display pod.
FIG. 19 illustrates a sighting mechanism used in the right side of
a display pod.
FIGS. 20A, 20B, and 20C illustrate reticle alignment patterns in a
sighting mechanism.
FIG. 21 illustrates optical corrections within a user's field of
view.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Some elements have been omitted from the drawings so as to more
clearly show embodiments of the invention. In addition, some
drawings are not to scale.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the support portion of a
display apparatus in accordance with the invention. A display pod
for generating and displaying an image to the user, as described
below, is omitted for clarity. As shown, support frame 8 has a
cross-bracket 10 and two spring housings 12 and 14 attached to
bracket 10. Housings 12 and 14 are spring-loaded forward and pivot
around hinges 16 and 18, respectively. Support frame 8 also has ear
pieces 20 and 22 that are attached to housings 12 and 14
respectively and pivot around hinges described in detail below. Ear
pieces 20 and 22 are spring-loaded so as to provide inward pressure
against the user's head. Soft silicone rubber pads 24 and 26 are
attached to ear pieces 20 and 22 respectively for user comfort.
Some embodiments use pads somewhat smaller than shown. A hook 28 is
shown mounted on ear piece 20 and, along with a similar hook (not
shown) on ear piece 22, holds a behind-the-head support strap (not
shown) to snugly hold the support portion against the user's head.
Portions of cross-bracket 10, housings 12 and 14, and ear pieces-20
and 22 are made as light as possible using, for example,
injection-molded magnesium.
FIG. 1 also shows optional speaker 30 that is mounted to socket 32
on ear piece 20. Speaker 30 is held in socket 32 by tabs 34 (one of
which is not shown) that fit into slits 36 in rim 38. Slits 36 are
positioned such that tabs 34 are behind rim 38 to hold speaker 30
in place. When inactive, speaker 30 is rotated upwards to be
adjacent ear piece 20. To use the speaker, the user rotates speaker
30 downwards to cover the ear. When rotated downwards, contacts
electrically connect speaker 30 to wiring inside ear piece 20. In
some embodiments a second speaker may be similarly positioned on
ear piece 22.
FIG. 1 further shows personalized module 50 that is rigidly and
removably attached to cross-bracket 10. In the embodiment shown,
personalized module 50 includes blade 51, right lens 52, left lens
54, ratcheted cam 56, and adjustable nose piece 60. A second cam
positioned on the left side of blade 51 opposite cam 56 is not
shown. Two spring-loaded latches engage lips 62 and 64 on blade 51
to hold module 50 in cross-bracket 10. Each of these components is
described in detail below. In some embodiments blade 51 is
transparent plastic. In some embodiments in which the user does not
require a vision prescription lenses 52 and 54 are omitted and
blade 51 is a single solid piece across the openings for these
lenses.
Of importance is that a single personalized module 50 is adjusted
to fit an individual user. Each individual user will have his or
her own personalized module. Therefore the EMD is quickly exchanged
between users by the first user removing a first personalized
module and the second user inserting a second personalized module.
No delay occurs when the second user dons the display because many
personalized fittings are contained in the second user's
personalized module. The second user only adjusts for his or her
inter-pupillary distance (IPD) as described below.
FIG. 2 is another perspective view of the embodiment of the
invention shown in FIG. 1. Nose piece assembly 60 is more clearly
shown in FIG. 2, although a silicone rubber pad normally covering a
portion of nose piece assembly 60 has been omitted for clarity.
Nose piece assembly 60 is adjustable left, right, up, and down with
respect to frame 8. Left head strap hook 29 is shown opposite hook
28, as is ratcheted cam 57 opposite cam 56. Speaker 30 is shown
connected to ear piece 20 in the activated position.
FIG. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention showing
display pod 100 attached to front surface 11a of cross-bracket 10.
In other embodiments display pod 100 is attached to top surface 11b
of cross-bracket 10. In one embodiment display pod 100 is attached
using three screws to cross-bracket 10. Display pod 100 contains an
electronic video image generator and optics that are described in
more detail below, and in the references cited above. Display pod
100 is also made as light as possible and in one embodiment is made
of injection-molded magnesium or magnesium alloy. FIG. 3 shows
housing 12 spring-loaded against ratcheted cam 56. The user adjusts
the angle between housing 12 and blade 51 by turning cam 56,
thereby adjusting the angle of ear piece 20 in relation to the
viewing angle into display pod 100. The left ear piece 14 (FIG. 1)
is similarly adjusted using cam 57 (FIG. 2) on the left side of
blade 51, opposite cam 56.
The EMD uses a three-point mounting system to properly position
display pod 100 with respect to the user's eyes. The EMD rests on
the user's nose and on each of the user's ears. Small changes in
the position of the EMD on the user's head significantly alter the
user's line of sight into optics within pod 100. The nose and ears
provide natural reference points for accurate visual alignment
every time the user dons the display.
FIG. 4. is an exploded perspective view showing cross-bracket 10 in
more detail. Latch bracket 402 fits into housing 404 and is held in
place by screws 406. Two spring-loaded latches 408 are mounted on
bracket 402. Latches 408 are opened by pressing on buttons 410 that
extend through holes 412 in housing 404. As shown in FIGS. 5A and
5B, when buttons 410 are pushed down, latches 408 open and release
lips 60 and 62 on blade 51 (FIG. 1). In some embodiments top
surface 414 of housing 404 is flat so that buttons 410 may be
simultaneously pressed by inverting the EMD and pressing it against
a flat surface such as a table top.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the interior of spring housing 14.
As shown, housing 14 is connected to frame 10 using hinge pin 602.
Stop tab 604 is connected to frame 10 and stop post 606 is molded
into housing 14. A minimum angle ax between frame 10 and housing 14
is established when tab 604 and post 606 contact each other. The
angle ax may be increased, and spring 608 provides tension against
this increase. Spring 608 is mounted around support post 610. One
end 612 is anchored in housing 14 and the other end 614 rests
against stop tab 604. Referring again to FIG. 3, the angle between
blade 51, which is securely attached to cross-bracket 10, and
housing 12 is adjusted by turning cam 56 and a similar cam on the
other side of blade 51 (not shown). A user adjusts his or her
looking angle into display pod 100 by turning these cams. Each ear
piece 20 and 22 may be independently adjusted because a user's ears
are typically at different levels. In addition, a user's eyes are
often different levels as well. Turning the cams compensates for
any vertical displacement between the user's eyes and display pod
100. Turning one cam individually, or both cams in opposite
directions, rolls display pod 100 left or right with respect to the
user's eyes. Simultaneously turning both cams in the same direction
changes the pitch angle of pod 100 with respect to the vertical
looking angle of the user's eyes.
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of left ear piece 22. As shown, spring
bracket 702 has upper hinge bracket 704 and lower hinge bracket 706
extending into ear piece 22. Hinge pin 708 extends between brackets
704 and 706, and spring 710 is positioned around pin 708. One end
709 of spring 710 is connected to ear piece housing 712 and the
other end 713 of spring 710 rests against lower hinge bracket 706.
Spring 710 is wound so as to produce a torsional force around pin
708, thereby pulling ear piece 22 towards the user's head. Cover
714 protects the user from the interior of ear piece 22, and rubber
pad 26 is mounted on cover 714.
FIG. 8 is an exploded view showing several components of
personalized module 50. As shown, lenses 52 and 54 are
conventionally mounted in blade 51. Lens 52 has a groove cut into
the outer edge surface 802. A tongue 804 is formed in the
receptacle for lens 52 and fits into groove 802 when lens 52 is in
place. Lens 52 is then held in place using wire or string 806
threaded along the bottom portion of groove 802 and through holes
808 in blade 51. Lens 54 is similarly held in place. In some
embodiments lenses 52 and 54 are ophthalmic plastic and are shaped
as spectacle lenses to correct the user's vision and replace the
user's spectacles during use. The prescription used is similar to
one used for computer viewing, and is optimized for a 22-inch
viewing distance. As described below, optics in pod 100 create an
image at a 22-inch nominal distance from the user's eyes. This
distance is close to the distance from the surgeon's eyes to the
operating field. Thus a user does not change eye focus when looking
between the image displayed in the optics, and the hands working in
the surgical field.
Each lens 52 and 54 may contain two vision corrections. FIG. 21
represents a field of view 2100 that the user sees through left
lens 54 when wearing the EMD. As shown, image 2102, generated in
display pod 100, is positioned in the center of field 2100. A
portion of display pod 100 blocks the user's peripheral vision to
the right of image 2102. Lens 54 is given a prescription that
allows the user to see at a 22-inch distance. Therefore, areas
visible below, to the left, and above the image and display pod 100
are corrected to 22 inches. To enable the user to see at a far
distance, however, lens 54 has a second vision correction. As
shown, portion 2104 in field 2100 has a prescription for vision at
infinity distance. In the embodiment shown, a clear, flexible
plastic film 2106, having approximately -1.0 diopter correction, is
attached to lens 54 as depicted. Film 2106 allows the user to see
at a distance. Other embodiments may use other custom-made
configurations for dual vision correction.
Referring again to FIG. 8, blade 51 is shaped to accommodate
adjustable nose piece assembly 60 (FIG. 1). Groove 810 is molded
into blade 51 and a plurality of detents 812 are molded into the
sides of groove 810. Cross piece 814 closes across groove 810 and
forms opening 816 into which nose piece assembly 60 is mounted.
FIG. 9 shows in more detail nose piece assembly 60 mounted in blade
51, and FIG. 10 is an exploded view of nose piece assembly 60.
Nosepad bracket 902 rests in and slides vertically in groove 810 on
the front side of blade 51. Spring tabs 904 push into detents 812
to hold bracket 902 in a desired vertical position.
Nosepad support 906 is placed behind blade 51. Spring latch tabs
908 on nosepad support 906 extend through opening 816 (FIG. 8) and
clip to bracket 902. Thus blade 51 is sandwiched between bracket
902 and nosepad support 906. Nosepad support 906 is also spaced
apart from nosepad bracket 902 using an alignment tab on bracket
902, shown in detail below.
Nosepad support 906 slides horizontally on bracket 902. A series of
horizontal index detents 910 are molded into bracket 902 as shown.
Horizontal spring index tab 912 pushes into horizontal index
detents 910 to hold nosepad support 906 in a desired horizontal
position.
Support bracket 902 and nosepad support 906 are locked into
position using lock 914. Front posts 915 of lock 914 fit in front
of cross piece 814 (FIG. 8) to lock bracket 902 in place. When the
user slides lock 914 upwards, vertical lock tabs 916 on posts 915
prevent spring tabs 904 on bracket 902 from moving inward and
support bracket 902 is locked in its vertical position. Back posts
917 of lock 914 fit behind cross piece 814 to lock nosepad support
906 in place. Horizontal lock tabs 918 on posts 917 engage detents
920 on nosepad support 906, and support 906 is locked in its
horizontal position. Lock 914 is held in the lock position by
spring catch 922 that engages a groove (1102 in FIG. 11A) in
support 906. When the user unlocks the nosepiece assembly, catches
(1304, FIGS. 13A and 13B) on the tops of posts 915 engage cross
piece 814 to prevent lock piece 914 from falling out.
FIGS. 11A and 11B are front and side views, respectively, of
nosepad support 906. Shown are spring latch tabs 908, spring index
tab 912, and horizontal lock detents 920, as described above. Also
shown is lock groove 1102, into which spring catch 922 on lock 914
engages. Alignment groove 1104 is also shown. Nose pad holders 1106
hold the nosepad described below. In one embodiment nosepad support
906 is made of DUPONT.RTM. DELRIN.RTM. type 500 AF (20% Teflon PTFE
fiber in acetal). In other embodiments support 906 may be made of
other material such as plastic over molded spring steel.
FIGS. 12A, 12B, and 12C are front, side, and top views,
respectively, of nosepad bracket 902. As shown in FIG. 12A, spring
latch tabs 908 of nosepad support 906 (FIGS. 11A and 11B) engage
and slide along lips 1202. Spring index tab 912 of nosepad support
906 (FIGS. 11A and 11B) engages horizontal index detents 910.
Spring tabs 904 push into vertical detents 812 of blade 51 (FIG.
9). Spaces 1204 exist between spring tabs 904 and bracket body
1206. FIG. 12B shows alignment tab 1208 that fits into alignment
groove 1104 in nosepad support 906 (FIGS. 11A and 11B). FIG. 12C
shows the width of alignment tab 1208. In one embodiment bracket
902 is made of DUPONT .RTM. DELRIN .RTM. type 500 AF.
FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C are front, side, and rear views,
respectively, of lock 914. When the user slides lock 914 upwards,
vertical lock tabs slide into spaces 1204 on bracket 902 (FIG.
12A), thereby holding bracket 902 in position with respect to blade
51. Simultaneously, horizontal lock tabs 918 engage horizontal lock
detents 920 (FIG. 11A), thereby holding nose piece support 906 in
position with respect to bracket 902. FIG. 13B shows ridge 1302 on
spring catch 922 that engages lock groove 1102 on nosepad support
906 when lock 914 is in the locked position. When the user wants to
make an adjustment, he or she slides lock 914 downwards. Spring
catches 1304 engage cross piece 814 (FIG. 8) to keep lock 914 from
falling out of nose piece assembly 60. Lock 914 has a cutaway
portion 1306 to accommodate the user's nose. In one embodiment lock
914 is made of grade HF1110 LEXAN.RTM..
FIG. 14 is a front view of nose pad 1402. Nose pad holders 1106 on
nose pad support 906 (FIG. 11A) slide into holes 1404. In the
embodiment shown, nose pad 1402 is molded of conventional silicone
rubber in a U-shape. When pad 1402 is spread apart and mounted on
nose pad holders 1106, the molded U-shape provides tension that
holds the nose pad in place. Embodiments of the invention use nose
pads of different shapes and thicknesses to accommodate the nose
shapes and sizes of various users. When fitting the personalized
module, each user chooses the nose pad that is most
comfortable.
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a nose piece
assembly 1502. As shown, nosepad support 1504 has two support
pieces-1506 extending downward to rest against the nose (soft pads
have been omitted for clarity). Nosepad support 1504 rests against
blade 51 and is held in position by lock piece 1508 that fits over
both blade 51 and nosepad support 1504.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing nose piece assembly 1502
in more detail. A vertical row of bumps, such as bump 1602, is
formed on the back side of blade 51. A horizontal row of detents
(e.g., holes), such as detent 1604, are formed in support 1504. A
raised portion, such as annular boss 1606, surrounds the detents in
support 1504. Support 1504 is horizontally adjusted by moving it so
that one bump in the vertical row of bumps on blade 51 is in one of
the horizontal detents. Similarly, support 1504 is vertically
adjusted by sliding it so that a particular bump in the vertical
line of bumps is engaged in one of the horizontal detents. When
support 1504 is in the desired position, the user slides lock piece
1508 down to hold support 1504 firmly against blade 51. During
adjustment, lock tab 1610 on lock piece 1508 slides in groove 1612
until reaching stop surface 1614 in support 1504. Lock tab 1610
keeps nose piece assembly 1502 together during adjustment.
Display pod 100 houses the optics and a miniature electronic
display device for producing virtual rectangular video images with
a nominal diagonal of 12 inches at a nominal distance of 22 inches
from the user's eyes. Persons skilled in the art will understand
that images include text and graphics, as well as video pictures.
Display pod 100 has a receiver (not shown) for receiving infrared
signals from a remote transmitting system. These infrared signals
contain the information to be displayed to the user. Details of the
infrared system can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
09305,092, referred to above. The present invention deals primarily
with an adjustable and interchangeable EMD. Therefore only those
elements of display pod 100 necessary for properly aligning the
video image for the users is described. Further details of the
internal optics of display pod 100 are described in the references
cited above (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,926,318) and incorporated herein
by reference. Pod 100 is approximately 3.5 inches wide, 1.3 inches
high and 1.5 inches deep. Its small size minimally impacts the
user's peripheral vision. Thus, when a user wearing the EMD looks
straight ahead, the user looks directly into display pod 100 (see
FIG. 21). However, by looking up, down, or to either side, the user
will be able to see around display pod 100.
FIG. 17 illustrates the internal components of display pod 100. An
image is created by electronic image generator 1706, shown in
outline in order to more clearly illustrate the mechanisms, and
optics 1708 direct the image along left and right folded optical
centerlines, creating virtual images in intermediate image planes
1710 and 1712, respectively. Left mirror 1714 and right mirror 1716
are nominally angled at 43.3 degrees to fold the optical
centerlines of intermediate image planes 1710 and 1712 to coincide
with the slightly convergent optical centerlines of eyepiece lenses
1718 and 1720. To avoid eyestrain, this convergence is nominally
set at 3.4 degrees for each eyepiece so that the visual centerlines
nominally converge at the virtual image distance of 22 inches.
Display pod 100 includes a biocular viewing system having a movable
left eyepiece lens 1718 and a movable right eyepiece lens 1720.
Lenses 1718 and 1720 are located within the housing of display pod
100 and slide along tracks and grooves (omitted for clarity) in the
housing. In some embodiments each lens is surrounded by a plastic
cup and is sealed to the housing to prevent foreign matter, e.g.
dust, from entering display pod 100. FIG. 3 shows the position of
lens 1720 in relation to blade 51. Lenses 1718 and 1720 may be
moved closer together or farther apart to accommodate the IPD of
the user's eyes. To maintain focus, however, it is important that
the total optical path length between the respective intermediate
image planes and the eyepiece lenses be kept constant as the
eyepiece lenses move. Thus, optics assembly 1708 must move in fixed
relationship to eyepiece lenses 1718 and 1720.
To meet this requirement, optics 1708 are mounted on carriage 1722
that is movable toward and away from the user's eyes in display pod
100. Flexible metal bands 1724 and 1726 couple carriage 1722 to
eyepieces 1718 and 1720, respectively. In the embodiment shown,
coupling is done by punching holes in the metal bands and inserting
molded plastic index tabs on the carriage and lenses into the
holes. Metal band 1724 is routed through channel 1728 and metal
band 1726 is routed through channel 1730. Channels 1726 and 1728
are formed using TEFLON.RTM./acetal bearing surfaces in molded
plastic parts. Therefore, as carriage 1722 moves forwards and
backwards along its track, lenses 1718 and 1720 move inward and
outward in a direction approximately orthogonal to the movement of
carriage 1722. This coupled movement effectively eliminates the
need for refocus when the IPD changes, such as when a new user
dons, adjusts, and uses the EMD.
Lead screw 1732 is coupled using mating threads molded into
carriage 1722. Knob 1734 is attached to the outer end of screw 1732
so that the user can easily turn screw 1732 while wearing the EMD
to accommodate his or her IPD. FIG. 3 provides another view of knob
1734. In other embodiments a drive pin or other arrangement may be
provided to move carriage 1722.
FIG. 18 is a split view diagram showing alternate positions of
carriage 1722 and lenses 1718 and 1720. FIG. 18 illustrates the
full range of IPD settings for display pod 100. The left side of
the drawing depicts an optical center of eyepiece lens 1718 at a
farthest distance D.sub.MAX to centerline 1802 of display pod 100.
The right side of the drawing depicts an optical center of eyepiece
lens 1720 at a closest distance D.sub.MIN to centerline 1802. Both
D.sub.MAX and D.sub.MIN values are one half of the maximum or
minimum IPD setting, respectively. When lenses 1718 and 1720 are at
the maximum IPD setting, as indicated by the left half of FIG. 18,
carriage 1722 is closest to the user's eyes. When lenses 1718 and
1720 are at the minimum IPD setting, as indicated by the right half
of FIG. 18, carriage 1722 is farthest from the user's eyes.
Eyepiece lenses 1718 and 1720, along with carriage 1722, may be
positioned anywhere between the maximum and minimum IPD settings by
turning screw 1732 using knob 1734.
It can be seen that the optical path length remains essentially
constant between intermediate image planes 1710 and 1712 and the
lenses 1718 and 1720, respectively, as the IPD is adjusted. When
the IPD is at maximum setting, as illustrated in the left half of
FIG. 18, the optical path along optical centerline 1740 is the sum
of the distance from image plane 1710 to mirror 1714 and from
mirror 1714 to lens 1718. When the IPD is at minimum setting, as
illustrated in the right half of FIG. 18, the optical path along
optical centerline 1742 is the sum of the distance from image plane
1712 to mirror 1716, and from mirror 1716 to lens 1720. The length
of optical paths 1740 and 1742 is essentially equal.
In other display devices, any available adjustments are often made
intuitively, without the benefit of any visual target reference.
Since the human vision system can briefly accommodate some vertical
misalignment and a fair amount of horizontal misalignment, a user
can easily misalign such display devices and endure these errors
for a short period of time before noticing eye fatigue and other
related discomforts. Accordingly, the present invention uses
sighting mechanisms to provide visual references to avoid optical
misadjustment.
FIG. 19 illustrates the sighting mechanism 1900 as used in the
right side of display pod 100. A similar mechanism is used in the
left side. Sighting mechanism 1900 allows the user to properly
adjust his or her lines of sight to an intermediate image plane,
e.g. image plane 1712. As shown, light source 1902, e.g., a LED, is
located behind sighting block 1904, which is preferably molded
plastic. Light source 1902 is activated by a conventional
push-button switch (not shown) so that sighting alignment will not
be distracting during normal use. Sighting block 1904 is mounted
above intermediate image plane 1712 so as to have an optical axis
different from path 1742 (FIG. 18). Sighting block 1904 has a front
surface 1906 and a back surface 1908. Reticle image 1910 is placed
on front surface 1906 and reticle image 1912 is placed on back
surface 1908. Reticle images 1910 and 1912 are contrasting
patterns. Sighting block 1904 is placed such that when the user's
line of sight is aligned with the center of image plane 1712,
reticle images 1910 and 1912 will be aligned and coincident.
Therefore, sighting block 1904 acts as a proxy for aligning the
user's actual line of sight with the center of intermediate image
plane 1712.
The parallax effect of the distance between reticles 1910 and 1912
alerts the user that his or her line of sight is improper and that
an adjustment is required. Thus FIG. 20A illustrates a condition
when the user's line of sight is both horizontally and vertically
misaligned. FIG. 20B illustrates a horizontal misalignment only.
FIG. 20C illustrates a condition when the user's line of sight is
properly aligned. Although the sighting mechanism is shown using an
optical axis different from the normal viewing axis, some
embodiments may-use a sighting mechanism coincident with the
viewer's normal viewing axis.
Referring again to FIG. 17, sighting mechanism 1900 is shown for
the right side of display pod 100. The left side has a similar,
mirror-image configuration. As shown, sighting block 1904 is placed
such that front surface 1906 is coplanar with image plane 1712.
Back surface 1908 is shown opposite front surface 1906. Reticles
(not shown) are placed on surfaces 1906 and 1908. The user aligns
the reticles by making nose and ear adjustments on personal module
50 (FIG. 1).
The following acts illustrate a user's first-time adjustments made
in conjunction with sighting mechanisms 1900 while wearing the EMD:
1. Insert personalized module 50 into frame 10. Adjust the cams to
their mid-range point. 2. Turn on the light sources for the left
and right sighting mechanisms. 3. Adjust the IPD setting by turning
knob 1734 until both left and right sighting mechanisms are at
least marginally visible. 4. Release the lock on the adjustable
nose piece and adjust the nose piece vertically until the left and
right sighting mechanism reticles are, on average, vertically
balanced. For example, adjust until the left reticles are
misaligned low by an equal distance as the right reticles are
misaligned high. 5. Adjust the nose piece horizontally until the
left and right sighting mechanism reticles are, on average,
horizontally balanced. For example, adjust until the left reticles
are too far left and the right reticles are too far right by an
equal distance. 6. Lock the nose piece into position. 7. Adjust one
cam, for example the right cam, until the reticles in the sighting
mechanisms show that no roll exists. That is, both left and right
reticles have the same vertical position. If additional roll
adjustment is required, adjust the other cam, for example the left
cam, as well. If the setting in step 4 above was correct, the
vertical alignment will be proper. 8. Adjust the IPD setting by
turning knob 1734 until both the left and right reticles are
horizontally aligned. 9. Turn off the light sources for the
sighting mechanisms. Once the initial adjustments are made, the
user may remove his or her personalized module and a second user
will follow the above steps.
The following acts illustrate actions taken when the EMD is to be
exchanged from the first user to the second user during operation:
1. First user doffs the EMD and removes his or her personalized
module. 2. Second user inserts his or her personalized module and
dons the EMD. The second user's personalized fittings for nose and
ears, and corrective eyeglass lenses if required, are contained in
the second personalized module. 3. Second user turns on the light
sources for the sighting mechanisms and turns knob 1734 to adjust
for his or her IPD. 4. Second user turns of the light sources.
The interconnection of carriage 1722 and lenses 1718 and 1720
eliminates the need for the second user to refocus the image in
display pod 100 when adjusting for his or her IPD. The internal
sighting mechanisms guarantee that the user's line of sight will
extend to the center of intermediate image planes 1710 and 1712,
thereby maximizing the user's light box and reducing eye
fatigue.
Some embodiments of the EMD may include additional features. The
EMD may include a battery pack (not shown) to provide power to
display pod 100. The battery pack may be mounted to the head strap
(not shown) connecting the ear pieces so that the battery pack's
weight counterbalances the weight of display pod 100. The EMD may
also include a microphone attached, for example, to frame 10 or
display pod 100. And FIG. 1 shows speaker 30 mounted on right ear
piece 20, but a second speaker may be mounted on left ear piece 22
as well.
The present invention has been described with reference to specific
embodiments. These embodiments are illustrative of the invention
and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Various
modifications may occur to those skilled in the art without
departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as
defined by the following claims.
* * * * *
References