U.S. patent number 6,154,211 [Application Number 08/939,675] was granted by the patent office on 2000-11-28 for three-dimensional, virtual reality space display processing apparatus, a three dimensional virtual reality space display processing method, and an information providing medium.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sony Corporation. Invention is credited to Teruhisa Kamachi, Tatsushi Nashida.
United States Patent |
6,154,211 |
Kamachi , et al. |
November 28, 2000 |
Three-dimensional, virtual reality space display processing
apparatus, a three dimensional virtual reality space display
processing method, and an information providing medium
Abstract
The sight line of an avatar can be set to a direction
independent of a direction in which the avatar moves in a virtual
reality space. Buttons 219 and 220 are provided for setting the
sight line of the avatar to the direction independent of the
direction in which the avatar moves in the virtual reality space.
According to the operations of these buttons, the processing for
changing sight line directions is performed. For example, the novel
constitution allows the avatar to walk on the ground while looking
up, thereby preventing unnatural display or unnatural avatar
movement in which, when the avatar walks looking up, the avatar
moves in the direction of its sight line to be eventually raised
away from the ground.
Inventors: |
Kamachi; Teruhisa (Tokyo,
JP), Nashida; Tatsushi (Kanagawa, JP) |
Assignee: |
Sony Corporation (Tokyo,
JP)
|
Family
ID: |
17602450 |
Appl.
No.: |
08/939,675 |
Filed: |
September 29, 1997 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Sep 30, 1996 [JP] |
|
|
8-278807 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
345/419; 345/427;
345/443; 715/848 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F
3/04815 (20130101); G06T 15/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06T
15/10 (20060101); G06T 15/20 (20060101); G06F
3/033 (20060101); G06F 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;345/419,425,427,443,355,357 ;395/680 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Shalwala; Bipin
Assistant Examiner: Nguyen; Kimbinh T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Limbach & Limbach L.L.P. Oh;
Seong-Kun
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing
apparatus for decoding three-dimensional graphics data to display
an image of a three-dimensional virtual reality space,
comprising:
a movement direction setting means for setting a movement direction
of a user in said three-dimensional virtual reality space along a
reference plane of said three-dimensional virtual reality space to
a direction in said three-dimensional virtual reality space
specified by said user; and
a sight line direction setting means for setting a direction of a
sight line of said user in said three-dimensional virtual reality
space to be outside said reference place of said three-dimensional
virtual reality space, whereby the three-dimensional reality space
as viewed from the viewpoint of an avatar is displayed
naturally.
2. The three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing
apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
said sight line direction setting means sets the sight line
direction of said user in said three-dimensional virtual reality
space to be either above or below the reference plane as specified
by said user.
3. The three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing
apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said movement direction of
said user matches a viewpoint position of an avatar of said user in
said three-dimensional virtual reality space and said sight line
direction of said user matches a sight line direction of said
avatar of said user in said three-dimensional virtual reality
space.
4. The three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing
apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sight line direction resetting means for resetting said sight
line direction of said user in said three-dimensional virtual
reality space to a default direction along said reference plane of
said three-dimensional virtual reality space as specified by said
user.
5. A three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing
method for decoding three-dimensional graphics data to display an
image of a three-dimensional virtual reality space, comprising the
steps of:
setting a movement direction of a user in said three-dimensional
virtual reality space along a reference plane of said
three-dimensional virtual reality spade to a direction in said
three-dimensional virtual reality space specified by said user;
and
setting a direction of a sight line of said user in said
three-dimensional virtual reality space to be outside said
reference place of said three-dimensional virtual reality space,
whereby the three-dimensional reality space as viewed from the
viewpoint of an avatar is displayed naturally.
6. A computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program
is stored for execution by a three-dimensional virtual reality
space display processing apparatus for displaying an image of a
three-dimensional virtual reality space, said computer program
comprising:
program means for setting a movement direction of a user in said
three-dimensional virtual reality space along a reference plane of
said three-dimensional virtual reality space to a direction
specified by said user; and
changing a direction of a sight line of said user in said
three-dimensional virtual reality space to be outside said
reference place of said three-dimensional virtual reality space,
whereby the three-dimensional reality space as viewed from the
viewpoint of an avatar is displayed naturally.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to a three-dimensional
virtual reality space display processing apparatus, a
three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing method,
and an information providing medium and, more particularly, to a
three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing
apparatus, a three-dimensional virtual reality space display
processing method, and an information providing medium that allow
setting of a direction of the sight line of an avatar regardless of
moving direction thereof.
A cyberspace service named Habitat.TM. is known in the so-called
personal computer communications services such as NIFTY-Serve.TM.
of Japan and CompuServe.TM. of U.S. in which a plurality of users
connect their personal computers via modems and public telephone
network to the host computers installed at the centers of the
services to access them in predetermined protocols. Development of
Habitat started in 1985 by Lucas Film of the U.S., operated by
Quantum Link, one of U.S. commercial networks, for about three
years. Then, Habitat started its service in NIFTY-Serve as Fujitsu
Habitat.TM. in February 1990. In Habitat, users can send their
alter egos called avatars (the incarnation of a god figuring in the
Hindu mythology) into a virtual city called Populopolis drawn by
two-dimensional graphics to have a chat (namely, a realtime
conversation based on text entered and displayed) with each other.
For further details of Habitat, refer to the Japanese translation
of "Cyberspace: First Steps," Michael Benedikt, ed., 1991, MIT
Press Cambridge, Mass., ISBN0-262-02327-X, the translation being
published Mar. 20, 1994, by NTT Publishing, ISBN4-87188-265-9C0010,
pp. 282-307.
In such a virtual reality space, a user can move his or her avatar
in any direction to enjoy a variety of virtual experiences.
The avatar's moving direction can be specified in one of forward,
backward, left, and right for example. In some systems, the sight
line of an avatar can be changed upward or downward for
example.
If a sight line direction 302 of an avatar 301 is directed upward
for example as shown in FIG. 33, the user can surely see an image
in the upper direction in a virtual reality space 300. However, if
the avatar 301 is moved forward with its sight line fixed in that
direction (normally, when an avatar is moved forward relative to
its viewpoint, it moves into the depth of the screen; for
convenience of description, the left side of the screen is assumed
to be avatar's forward moving direction), the avatar 301 moves in
the sight line direction 302, raising itself gradually from a
ground level (horizontal plane) 304 in a tilt manner because the
avatar 301 is designed to move in the sight line direction 302.
Consequently, the display of the virtual reality space viewed from
the viewpoint of the avatar 301 becomes an unnatural display not
actually seen in a real space in which people move around with
their feet supported by the ground.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to make the
display of a virtual reality space viewed from the viewpoint of an
avatar look more natural with reference to the ground level
(horizontal plane) in the real space.
In carrying out the invention and according to claim 1 thereof,
there is provided a three-dimensional virtual reality space display
processing apparatus for decoding three-dimensional graphics data
to display an image of a three-dimensional virtual reality space,
comprising: a viewpoint position moving means for moving a
viewpoint of a user in the three-dimensional virtual reality space
along a reference plane of the three-dimensional virtual reality
space and to a direction specified by the user; and a sight line
direction changing means for changing a direction of the sight line
of the user in the three-dimensional virtual reality space along a
virtual plane orthogonally intersecting the reference place of the
three-dimensional virtual reality space and to a direction
specified by the user.
In carrying out the invention and according to claim 5 thereof,
there is provided a three-dimensional virtual reality space display
processing method for decoding three-dimensional graphics data to
display an image of a three-dimensional virtual reality space,
comprising the steps of: moving a viewpoint of a user in the
three-dimensional virtual reality space along a reference plane of
the three-dimensional virtual reality space and to a direction
specified by the user; and changing a direction of the sight line
of the user in the three-dimensional virtual reality space along a
virtual plane orthogonally intersecting the reference place of the
three-dimensional virtual reality space and to a direction
specified by the user.
In carrying out the invention and according to claim 6 thereof,
there is provided an information providing medium for providing a
computer program that is executed by a three-dimensional virtual
reality space display processing apparatus for displaying an image
of a three-dimensional virtual reality space, the computer program
comprising the steps of: moving a viewpoint of a user in the
three-dimensional virtual reality space along a reference plane of
the three-dimensional virtual reality space and to a direction
specified by the user; and changing a direction of the sight line
of the user in the three-dimensional virtual reality space along a
virtual plane orthogonally intersecting the reference place of the
three-dimensional virtual reality space and to a direction
specified by the user.
In the three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing
apparatus described in claim 1, the three-dimensional virtual
reality space display processing method described in claim 5, and
the information providing medium described in claim 6, the sight
line direction of an avatar can be changed upward or downward and,
at the same time, the viewpoint position of the avatar can be moved
along a reference plane independent of the sight line direction in
a three-dimensional virtual reality space. It should be noted that
the information providing medium herein denotes not only package
media such as a floppy disk and a CD-ROM in which computer programs
are stored but also a transmission medium by which a computer
program is downloaded via a network such as the Internet for
example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will be apparent from the following detailed description
of the preferred embodiments of the invention in conjugation with
the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a cyberspace system
practiced as one preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 describes WWW (World Wide Web);
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a URL (Uniform
Resource Locator);
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the
constitution of an information server terminal 10 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the
constitution of a shared server terminal 11 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the
constitution of a mapping server terminal 12 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the
constitution of a client terminal 13 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the
constitution of a server provider terminal 14 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 describes a virtual reality space formed by the cyberspace
system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 describes a view field seen from avatar C of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 describes a view field seen from avatar D of FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 describes an allocated space of a part of the cyberspace of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 13 describes a view field seen from avatar C of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 describes a view field seen from avatar F of FIG. 12;
FIG. 15 is a flowchart describing operations of the client terminal
13 (the service provider terminal 14) of FIG. 1;
FIG. 16 is a flowchart describing operations of the information
server terminal 10 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 17 is a flowchart describing operations of the mapping server
terminal 12 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 18 is a flowchart describing operations of the shared server
terminal 11 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 19 describes a communication protocol for the communication
between the client terminal 13, the information server terminal 10,
the shared server terminal 11, and the mapping server terminal 12
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 20 describes the case in which a plurality of shared server
terminals exist for controlling update objects arranged in the same
virtual reality space;
FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating another example of the
constitution of the client terminal 13 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 22 describes destinations in which basic objects and update
objects are stored;
FIG. 23 describes an arrangement of basic objects and update
objects;
FIG. 24 describes software for implementing the cyberspace system
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 25 describes software operating on the client terminal 13-1 of
FIG. 1 and the shared server terminal 11-1 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 26 describes an environment in which the software of FIG. 25
operates;
FIG. 27 is a photograph showing a display example on a display of
the client terminal;
FIG. 28 is a flowchart describing the processing to be performed
when a navigation button is operated;
FIG. 29 is a diagram for describing a change in sight line
direction;
FIG. 30 is a photograph showing another display example on the
display of the client terminal;
FIG. 31 is a photograph showing still another display sample on the
display of the client terminal;
FIG. 32 is a diagram for describing sight line direction and
movement direction; and
FIG. 33 is a diagram for describing sight line direction and
movement direction in a related-art.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
This invention will be described in further detail by way of
example with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to
clarify the relationship between the means of the invention
described in the claims and the following preferred embodiments,
each of the means is followed by the corresponding preferred
embodiment (this embodiment is an example) in parentheses. It
should be understood that this description is not limited to the
description of each of the means.
A three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing
apparatus for decoding three-dimensional graphics data to display
an image of a three-dimensional virtual reality space, comprising:
a viewpoint position moving means (for example, steps S55 through
S61 and steps S65 through S72 of FIG. 28) for moving a viewpoint of
a user in the three-dimensional virtual reality space along a
reference plane of the three-dimensional virtual reality space and
to a direction specified by the user; and a sight line direction
changing means (for example, steps S51, S52, S62, and S63 of FIG.
28) for changing a direction of the sight line of the user in the
three-dimensional virtual reality space along a virtual plane
orthogonally intersecting the reference place of the
three-dimensional virtual reality space and to a direction
specified by the user.
The three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing
apparatus described in claim 4 further comprising sight line
direction resetting means (for example, steps S53 and S64 of FIG.
28) for resetting the sight line direction of the user in the
three-dimensional virtual reality space to a default direction
along the reference plane of the three-dimensional virtual reality
space as specified by the user.
A three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing method
for decoding three-dimensional graphics data to display an image of
a three-dimensional virtual reality space, comprising the steps of:
moving a viewpoint of a user in the three-dimensional virtual
reality space along a reference plane of the three-dimensional
virtual reality space and to a direction specified by the user (for
example, steps S55 through S61 and S65 through S72 of FIG. 28); and
changing a direction of the sight line of the user in the
three-dimensional virtual reality space along a virtual plane
orthogonally intersecting the reference place of the
three-dimensional virtual reality space and to a direction
specified by the user (for example, steps S51, S52, S62, and S63 of
FIG. 28).
An information providing medium for providing a computer program
that is executed by a three-dimensional virtual reality space
display processing apparatus for displaying an image of a
three-dimensional virtual reality space, the computer program
comprising the steps of: moving a viewpoint of a user in the
three-dimensional virtual reality space along a reference plane of
the three-dimensional virtual reality space and to a direction
specified by the user (for example, steps S55 through S61 and S65
through S72 of FIG. 28); and changing a direction of the sight line
of the user in the three-dimensional virtual reality space along a
virtual plane orthogonally intersecting the reference place of the
three-dimensional virtual reality space and to a direction
specified by the user (steps S51, S52, S62, and S63 of FIG.
28).
It should be noted that an object representing an avatar, or an
alter ego of a user, can be moved in the virtual reality space,
entered in it, and made exit from it; in other words, the avatar is
changed in its states or the states are updated. So, such an object
is appropriately called an update object hereinafter. On the other
hand, an object representative of a building constituting a town in
the virtual reality space is used commonly by a plurality of users
and does not change in its basic state. Even if the building object
changes, it changes autonomously, namely it changes independent of
the operations made at client terminals. Such an object commonly
used by a plurality of users is appropriately called a basic object
hereinafter.
The basic idea and concept of a virtual society is described by
Hiroaki Kitano, Sony Computer Science Laboratories, as follows in
his home page "Kitano Virtual Society (V1.0)
(http://www.csl,sony.co.jp/person/kitano/VS/concept.j.html.1995)":
"In the beginning of the 21st century, a virtual society would
emerge in a network spanning all the world. People in every part of
the world will make a society in which millions or hundred millions
of people live in a shared space created in the network. A society
that will emerge beyond the current Internet, CATV, and the
so-called information super highway is a virtual society that I
conceive. In the virtual society, people can not only perform
generally the same social activities as those in the real
world--enjoy shopping, have a chat, play games, do work, and the
like--but also perform things that are possible only in the virtual
society (for example, moving from Tokyo to Paris in an instant).
Such a "society" would be implemented only by state-of-the-art
technologies such as cyberspace constructing technologies that
support a broadband network, high-quality three-dimensional
presentation capability and bidirectional communications of voice,
music and moving picture signals, and a large-scale distributed
system that allows a lot of people to share the constructed
space."
For further details, look at the above mentioned home page.
The three-dimensional virtual reality space that implements the
above-mentioned virtual society is a cyberspace system. The actual
examples of the infrastructures for constructing this cyberspace
system includes, at this point of time, the Internet, which is a
world-wide computer network connected by a communications protocol
called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) and
the intranet implemented by applying the Internet technologies such
as WWW (World Wide Web) to the in-house LAN (Local Area Network).
Further, use of a broadband communication network based on FTTH
(Fiber To The Home) in the future is proposed in which the main
line system and the subscriber system are all constituted by fiber
optics.
Meanwhile, for an information providing system available on the
Internet, WWW developed by CERN (European Center for Nuclear
Research) in Switzerland is known. This technology allows a user to
browse information including text, image and voice for example in
the hyper text form. Based on HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol),
the information stored in a WWW server terminal is sent
asynchronously to terminals such as personal computers.
The WWW server is constituted by server software called an HTTP
demon and an HTML file in which hyper text information is stored.
The hyper text information is described in a description language
called HTML (Hyper Text Makeup Language). In the description of a
hyper text by HTML, a logical structure of a document is expressed
in a format specification called a tag enclosed by "<" and
">". Description of linking to other information is made based
in link information called an anchor. A method in which a location
at which required information is stored by the anchor is URL
(Uniform Resource Locator).
A protocol for transferring a file described in HTML on the TCP/IP
network is HTTP. This protocol has a capability of transferring a
request for information from a client to the WWW server and the
requested hyper text information stored in the HTML file to the
client.
Used by many as an environment for using WWW is client software
such as Netscape Navigator.TM. called a WWW browser.
It should be noted that demon denotes a program for executing
control and processing in the background when performing a job in
the UNIX environment.
Recently, a language for describing three-dimensional graphics
data, called VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and a VRML
viewer for drawing a virtual reality space described in this VRML
on a personal computer or a workstation have been developed. VRML
allows to extend WWW, set hyper text links to objects drawn by
three-dimensional graphics, and follow these links to sequentially
access WWW server terminals. The specifications of VRML version 1.0
were made public in May 26, 1995. Then, in Nov. 9, 1995, a revised
version in which errors and ambiguous expressions are corrected was
made public. The specifications are available from
URL=http://www.vrml.org/Specifications/VRML1.0/.
Storing three-dimensional information described in the
above-mentioned VRML in a WWW server terminal allows the
construction of a virtual space expressed in three-dimensional
graphics on the Internet. Further, use of the VRML viewer by using
personal computers and the like interconnected by the Internet can
implement the display of a virtual space based on three-dimensional
graphics and the walk-through capability.
In what follows, examples in which the Internet is used for a
network will be described. It will be apparent to those skilled in
the art that FTTH may be used instead of the Internet to implement
the virtual space.
It should be noted that Cyberspace is a coinage by William Gibson,
a U.S. science fiction writer, and was used in his "Neuromancer"
(1984) that made him famous. Strictly speaking, however, the word
Cyberspace first appeared in his "Burning Chrome" (1982). In these
novels, there are scenes in which the hero attaches a special
electrode on his forehead to connect himself to a computer to
directly reflect on his brain a virtual three-dimensional space
obtained by visually reconfiguring data on a computer network
spanning all over the world. This virtual three-dimensional space
was called Cyberspace. Recently, the term has come to be used as
denoting a system in which a virtual three-dimensional space is
used by a plurality of users via a network.
Now, referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an example of a
constitution of a cyberspace (a three-dimensional virtual reality
space provided via a network) system according to the present
invention. As shown, in this preferred embodiment, host computers
(or simply hosts) A through C, a plurality (three in this case) of
client terminals 13-1 through 13-3, and any number (one in this
case) of service provider terminal 14 are interconnected via a
world-wide network 15 (a global communication network sometimes
referred to as an information transmission medium herein) like the
Internet 15 by way of example.
The host A constitutes a system of so-called WWW (World Wide Web)
for example. Namely, the host A has information (or a file) to be
described later. And, each piece of information (or each file) is
related with a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) for uniformly specify
that information. Specifying a URL allows access to the information
corresponding to it.
To be more specific, the host A stores three-dimensional image data
for providing three-dimensional virtual reality spaces (hereinafter
appropriately referred to simply as virtual reality spaces) such as
virtual streets in Tokyo, New York, and other locations for
example. It should be noted that these three-dimensional image data
do not change in their basic state; that is, these data include
static data consisting of only basic objects such as a building and
a road to be shared by a plurality of users. If the basic state
changes, it only reflects an autonomous change in the state of a
merry-go-round or a neon. The static data are considered to be data
that are not subject to update. The host A has an information
server terminal 10 (a basic server terminal). The information
server terminal 10 is adapted, when it receives a URL via the
network 15, to provide the information corresponding to the
received URL, namely a corresponding virtual reality space (in this
case, a space consisting of only basic objects).
It should be noted that, in FIG. 1, there is only one host, namely
the host A, which has an information server terminal for providing
the virtual reality space (consisting of only basic objects) of a
specific area. It is apparent that such a host may be installed in
plural.
The host B has a shared server terminal 11. The shared server
terminal 11 controls update objects that constitute a virtual
reality space when put in it. The update objects are avatars for
example representing users of the client terminals. Thus, the
shared server terminal 11 allows a plurality of users to share the
same virtual reality space. It should be noted, however, that the
host B controls only the update objects located in a virtual
reality space for only a specific area (for example, Tokyo) of the
virtual reality spaces controlled by the host A. That is, the host
B is dedicated to the virtual reality space of a specific area.
Also, it should be noted that the network 15 is connected with, in
addition to the host B, a host, not shown, having a shared server
terminal for controlling update objects located in virtual reality
spaces of other areas such as New York and London, stored in the
host A.
The host C, like the host A, constitutes a WWW system for example
and stores data including IP (Internet Protocol) addresses for
addressing hosts (shared server terminals) that control update
objects like the host B. Therefore, the shared server terminal
addresses stored in the host C are uniformly related with URLs as
with the case of the host A as mentioned above. In addition, the
host C has a mapping server terminal 12 (a control server
terminal). Receiving a URL via the network 15, the mapping server
terminal 12 provides the IP address of the shared server terminal
corresponding to the received URL via the network 15. It should be
noted that FIG. 1 shows only one host, namely the host C, which has
the mapping server terminal 12 for providing shared server terminal
addresses. It will be apparent that the host C can be installed in
plural.
The client terminal 13 (13-1, 13-2 or 13-3) receives a virtual
reality space from the information server terminal 10 via the
network 15 to share the received virtual reality space with other
client terminals (including the service provider terminal 14),
under the control of the shared server terminal 11. Further, the
client terminal 13 is also adapted to receive specific services
(information) using the virtual reality space from the service
provider terminal 14.
The service provider terminal 14, like the client terminal 13,
receives a virtual reality space to share the same with the client
terminal 13 (if there is another service provider terminal, it also
shares this space). Therefore, as far as the capability of this
portion is concerned, the service provider terminal 14 is the same
as the client terminal 13.
Further, the service provider terminal 14 is adapted to provide
specific services to the client terminal 13. It should be noted
that FIG. 1 shows only one service provider terminal 14. It will be
apparent that the service provider terminal may be installed in
plural.
The following briefly describes a WWW system constituted by the
host A and the host C. Referring to FIG. 2, WWW is one of the
systems for providing information from hosts X, Y, and Z to
unspecified users (client terminals) via the network 15 (the
Internet in the case of WWW). The information that can be provided
in this system include not only texts but also graphics, images
(including still images and moving pictures), voices,
three-dimensional images, and hyper texts which combines all these
information.
In WWW, a URL, or a form for uniformly represent these pieces of
information is determined. Specifying a specific URL, each user can
obtain the information corresponding to the specified URL. As shown
in FIG. 3, each URL is composed of a protocol type for representing
a service type (http in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3, which
is equivalent to a command for retrieving a file corresponding to a
file name to be described later and send the retrieved file), a
host name indicating a destination of the URL (in the embodiment of
FIG. 3, www.csl.sony.co. jp), and a file name of data to be sent
(in the embodiment of FIG. 3, index.html) for example.
Each user operates the client terminal to enter a URL for desired
information. When the URL is entered, the client terminal
references a host name, for example, contained in the URL. A link
with a host (in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the host X for example
connected to the Internet) addressed by the host name is
established. Then, at the client terminal, the URL is sent to the
linked host, namely the host X, via the Internet, requesting the
host X for sending the information specified in the URL. In the
host X, an HTTP demon (httpd) is operating on the information
server terminal (the WWW server terminal). Receiving the URL, the
information server terminal sends back the information specified in
the URL to the client terminal via the Internet.
The client terminal receives the information from the information
server terminal to display the received information on its monitor
as required. Thus, the user can get the desired information.
Therefore, only storing in the host such data for describing
elements (objects) for constituting a virtual reality space as
shapes of basic objects (for example, a rectangular prism and a
cone) and locations and attributes (color and texture for example)
of these basic objects allows to provide the virtual reality space
(consisting of only basic objects in this case) to unspecified
users. Namely, as long as the Internet is used for the network 15
and WWW is used, virtual reality spaces can be provided to
unspecified users world-wide with ease and at a low cost because
the Internet itself already spans almost all over the world and the
description of the elements constituting each virtual reality space
to be stored in hosts does not require to make changes to
information servers (WWW server terminals) constituting WWW. It
should be noted that the service for providing the description of
the elements constituting a virtual reality space is upward
compatible with existing services provided by WWW.
Storing in a specific host (a mapping server terminal) the IP
addresses of other hosts as information also allows to provide the
host IP addresses to unspecified users world-wide with ease.
It should be noted that it is difficult for a plurality of users to
share the same virtual reality space if only the description (the
data of three-dimensional image for providing the virtual reality
space of a specific area) of elements constituting the virtual
reality space is stored in a host constituting WWW. Namely, in WWW,
the information corresponding to a URL is only provided to a user
and therefore no control for information transfer is performed.
Hence, it is difficult to transfer between users the
above-mentioned change information of update objects by using WWW
without changing its design. Therefore, in the cyberspace system of
FIG. 1, the host B having the shared server terminal 11 and the
host C having the mapping server 12 are installed to allow a
plurality of users to share the same virtual reality space, details
of which will be described later.
Next, FIG. 4 shows an example of the constitution of the
information server terminal 10 that operates on the host A of FIG.
1. As shown in FIG. 4, the information server terminal 10 has a CPU
81 which performs a variety of processing operations according to a
program stored in a ROM 82. In the information server 10, the
above-mentioned HTTP demon is operating in the background. A RAM 83
stores data and program necessary for the CPU 81 to perform the
variety of processing operations. A communication device 84 is
adapted to transfer specific data with the network 15. A storage
device 85 composed of a hard disc, an optical disc, and
magneto-optical disc stores the data of the three-dimensional
images for providing a virtual reality space of a specific area
such as Tokyo or New York for example along with URLs as mentioned
above.
FIG. 5 shows an example of the constitution of the shared server
terminal 11 operating on the host B of FIG. 1. As shown, the shared
server terminal has a CPU 21 which executes a variety of processing
operations according to a program stored in a ROM 22. A RAM 23
appropriately stores data and a program necessary for the CPU 21 to
execute the variety of processing operations. A communication
device 24 transfers specific data with the network 15.
A display device 25 has a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) or an LCD (Liquid
Crystal Display) for example and is connected to interface 28 to
monitor images of the virtual reality space (composed of not only
basic objects but also update objects) of an area controlled by the
shared server terminal 11. The interface 28 is also connected with
a microphone 26 and a loudspeaker 27 to supply a specific voice
signal to the client terminal 13 and the service provider terminal
14 and monitor a voice signal coming from these terminals.
The shared server terminal 11 has an input device 29 on which a
variety of input operations are performed via the interface 28.
This input device has at least a keyboard 29a and a mouse 29b.
A storage device 30 composed of a hard disc, an optical disc, and a
magneto-optical disc stores data of the virtual reality space of an
area controlled by the shared server terminal 11. It should be
noted that the data of the virtual reality space are the same as
those stored in the storage device 85 of the information server
terminal 10 (of FIG. 4). When these data are displayed on the
display device 25, the virtual reality space of the area controlled
by the shared server terminal 11 is displayed.
FIG. 6 shows an example of the constitution of the mapping server
terminal 12 operating on the host C of FIG. 1. Components CPU 91
through communication device 94 are generally the same in
constitution as those of FIG. 4, so that the description of the
components of FIG. 6 is omitted in general. A storage device 95
stores addresses, along with URLs, for identifying shared server
terminals that control update objects (in the embodiment of FIG. 1,
only the shared server terminal 11 is shown; actually, other shared
server terminals, not shown, are connected to the network 15).
FIG. 7 shows an example of the constitution of the client terminal
13 (actually, client terminals 13-1 through 13-3). The client
terminal 13 has a CPU 41 which executes a variety of processing
operations according to a program stored in a ROM 42. A RAM 43
appropriately stores data and a program necessary for the CPU 41 to
executes the variety of processing operations. A communication
device 44 transfers data via the network 15.
A display device 45 has a CRT or an LCD to display
three-dimensional images created by computer graphics or taken by
an ordinary video camera. A microphone 46 is used to output a voice
signal to the shared server terminal 11. A loudspeaker 47 outputs
the voice signal coming from the shared server terminal 11. An
input device 49 is operated to perform a variety of input
operations.
A keyboard 49a of the input device 49 is operated when entering
text (including an URL) composed of specific characters and
symbols. A mouse 49b is operated when entering specific positional
information. A viewpoint input device 49c and a movement input
device 49d are operated when changing the state of the avatar as an
update object of the client terminal 13. That is, the viewpoint
input device 49c is used to enter the viewpoint of the avatar of
the client terminal 13, thereby moving the viewpoint of the avatar
vertically, horizontally or in the depth direction. The movement
input device is used to move the avatar in the forward and backward
direction or the right and left direction at a specific velocity.
It is apparent that the operations done through the viewpoint and
movement input devices may also be done through the above-mentioned
keyboard 49a and the mouse 49b.
A storage device 50 composed of a hard disc, an optical disc, and
magneto-optical disc stores avatars (update objects) representing
users. Further, the storage device 50 stores a URL (hereinafter
appropriately referred to as an address acquisition URL) for
acquiring an IP address of a shared server terminal for managing
update objects to be located in the virtual reality space of each
area stored in the information server terminal 10 (if there is an
information server terminal other than the information server
terminal 10, that information server terminal is included). The
address acquisition URL is stored as associated with a URL
(hereinafter appropriately referred to as a virtual reality space
URL) corresponding to the data of the virtual reality space of that
area. This setup allows to obtain the address acquisition URL for
acquiring the IP address of the shared server terminal for
controlling the virtual reality space of that area when the virtual
reality space URL for the data of the virtual reality space for
that area has been entered.
Interface 48 constitutes the data interface with a display device
45, a microphone 46, a loudspeaker 47, an input device 49, and the
storage device 50.
FIG. 8 shows an example of the constitution of the service provider
terminal 14 of FIG. 1. The components including a CPU 51 through a
storage device 60 are generally the same as the components
including the CPU 41 through the storage device 50 and therefore
the description of the CPU 51 through the storage device 60 is
omitted.
FIG. 9 shows schematically a virtual reality space that is provided
by the information server terminal 10 of FIG. 1 and can be shared
by a plurality of users under the control of the shared server
terminal 11. As shown in FIG. 9, this virtual reality space
constitutes a town, in which avatar C (avatar of the client
terminal 13-1 for example) and avatar D (avatar of the client
terminal 13-2 for example) can move around.
Avatar C sees an image as shown in FIG. 10 for example from the
position and viewpoint in the virtual reality space. Namely, data
associated with the basic objects constituting the virtual reality
space are provided to the client terminal 13-1 from the information
server terminal 10 to be stored in a RAM 43 (or a storage device
50). Then, from the RAM 43 (or the storage device 50), data are
read out of a virtual reality space that can be seen when the same
is seen from specific viewpoint and position and the read data are
supplied to the display device 45. Then, when the viewpoint and
position of avatar C are changed by operating a viewpoint input
device 49c and a movement input device 49d, data corresponding the
change are read from the RAM 43 (or the storage device 50) to be
supplied to the display device 45, thereby changing the virtual
reality space (the three-dimensional image) being displayed on the
display device 45.
Further, data associated with another user's avatar (an update
object) (avatar D of FIG. 10) that can be seen when the virtual
reality space is seen from the current viewpoint and position are
supplied to the client terminal 13-1 from the shared server
terminal 11. Based on the supplied data, the display on the display
device 45 is changed. Namely, in the state of FIG. 9, since avatar
C is looking in the direction of avatar D, avatar D is displayed in
the image (the virtual reality space) displayed on the display
device 45 of the client terminal 13-1 as shown in FIG. 10.
Likewise, an image as shown in FIG. 11 is displayed on the display
device 45 of the client terminal 13-2 to which avatar D
corresponds. This displayed image is also changed by moving the
viewpoint and position of avatar D. It should be noted that, in
FIG. 9, avatar D is looking in the direction of avatar C, so that
avatar C is displayed in the image (the virtual reality space) on
the display device 45 of the client terminal 13-2 as shown in FIG.
11.
The service provider terminal 14 controls a part of the sharable
virtual reality space provided by the information server terminal
10 and the shared server terminal 11. In other words, the service
provider purchases a part of the virtual reality space from
administrators (information providers who provide information of
the virtual reality space) of the information server terminal 10
and the shared terminal 11. This purchase is performed in the real
space. Namely, upon request by a specific service provider for the
purchase of the virtual reality space, the administrators of the
information server terminal 10 and the shared server terminal 11
allocate a part of the requested virtual reality space to that
specific service provider.
For example, assume that the owner (service provider) of the
service provider terminal 14 lease a room in a specific building in
the virtual reality space and use the room as a shop for electric
appliances. The service provider provides information about
commodities, for example televisions, to be sold in the shop. Based
on the information, the server terminal administrator creates
three-dimensional images of the televisions by computer graphics
and place the created images at specific positions in the shop.
Thus, the images to be placed in the virtual reality space have
been completed.
Similar operations are performed by other service providers to form
the virtual reality space as a big town for example.
FIG. 12 is a top view of a virtual reality space (a room in a
building in this example) to be occupied by the service provider
owning the service provider terminal 14. In this embodiment, one
room of the building is allocated to this service provider in which
two televisions 72 and 73 are arranged with a service counter 71
placed at a position shown. The service provider of the service
provider terminal 14 places his own avatar F behind the service
counter 71. It will be apparent that the service provider can move
avatar F to any desired position by operating a movement input
device 59d of the service provider terminal 14.
Now, assume that avatar C of the client terminal 13-1 has come in
this electric appliances shop as shown in FIG. 12. At this moment,
an image as shown in FIG. 13 for example is displayed on the
display device 45 of the client terminal 13-1, in correspondence to
the position and viewpoint of avatar C. If avatar F is located
behind the service counter 71, an image as shown in FIG. 14 is
displayed on a display device 55 of the service provider terminal
14. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the image viewed from avatar C
shows avatar F, while the image viewed from avatar F shows avatar
C.
As shown in FIG. 13, the image viewed from avatar C shows a cursor
74 to be used when a specific image is specified from the client
terminal 13-1. Likewise, as shown in FIG. 14, a cursor 75 is shown
for the service provider terminal 14 to specify a specific
image.
Moving avatar C around the television 72 or 73 by operating the
movement input device 49d of the client terminal 13-1 displays on
the display device 45 the image corresponding to avatar C's moved
position and viewpoint. This allows the user to take a close look
at the televisions as if they were exhibited in a shop of the real
world.
Also, when the user moves the cursor 74 by operating a mouse 49b
and then click on avatar F, a conversation request signal is
transmitted to the service provider terminal 14 corresponding to
avatar F. Receiving the conversation request signal, the service
provider terminal 14 can output, via a microphone 56, a voice
signal to a loudspeaker 47 of the client terminal 13-1
corresponding to avatar C. Likewise, entering a specific voice
signal from a microphone 46 of the client terminal 13-1 can
transmit user's voice signal to a speaker 57 of the service
provider terminal 14. Thus, the user and service provider can make
conversation in a usual manner.
It is apparent that the conversation can be requested from avatar F
(the service provider terminal 14) to avatar C (the client terminal
13-1).
When the cursor 74 is moved on the client terminal 13-1 and the
image of the television 72 for example is clicked, the information
(the provided information) describing the television 72 is provided
in more detail. This can be implemented by linking the data of the
virtual reality space provided by the information server terminal
10 with the description information about the television. It is
apparent that the image for displaying the description information
may be either three-dimensional or two-dimensional.
The specification of desired images can be performed also from the
service provider terminal 14. This capability allows the service
provider to offer the description information to the user in a more
active manner.
If the service provider specifies avatar C with the cursor 75 by
operating the mouse 59b, the image corresponding to the position
and viewpoint of avatar C, namely, the same image as displayed on
the display device 45 of the client terminal 13-1 can be displayed
on the display device 55 of the service provider terminal 14. This
allows the service provider to know where the user (namely avatar
C) is looking at and therefore promptly offer information needed by
the user.
The user gets explanations about the products, or gets the provided
information or description information. If the user wants to buy
the television 72 for example, he can buy the same actually. In
this case, the user requests the service provider terminal 14 for
the purchase via avatar F. At the same time, the user transmits his
credit card number for example to the service provider terminal 14
(avatar F) via avatar C. Then, the user asks the service provider
terminal for drawing an amount equivalent to the price of the
television purchased. The service provider of the service provider
terminal 14 performs processing for the drawing based on the credit
card number and make preparations for the delivery of the purchased
product.
The images provided in the above-mentioned virtual reality space
are basically precision images created by computer graphics.
Therefore, looking at these images from every angle allows the user
to make observation of products almost equivalent to the
observation in the real world, thereby providing surer confirmation
of products.
Thus, the virtual reality space contains a lot of shops, movie
houses and theaters for example. Because products can be actually
purchased in the shops, spaces installed at favorable locations
create actual economic values. Therefore, such favorable spaces
themselves can be actually (namely, in the real world) purchased or
leased. This provides complete distinction from the so-called
television shopping system ordinarily practiced.
The following describes the operations of the client terminal 13
(or the service provider terminal 14), the information server
terminal 10, the mapping server terminal 12, and the shared server
terminal 11 with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 15 through
18.
Now, referring to FIG. 15, there is shown an example of processing
by the client terminal 13 (or the service provider terminal 14). In
step S1, the CPU 41 checks whether a virtual reality space URL has
been entered or not. If no virtual reality space URL has been
found, the processing remains in step S1. If a virtual reality
space URL has been found in step S1, namely, if a virtual reality
space URL corresponding to a desired virtual reality space entered
by the user by operating the keyboard 49a has been received by the
CPU 41 via interface 48, the process goes to step S2. In step S2, a
WWW system is constituted as described with reference to FIG. 2 and
the virtual reality space URL is transmitted from the communication
device 44 via the network 15 to the information server terminal of
a specific host (in this case, the information server terminal 10
of the host A for example) that has the information server
terminal, thereby establishing a link.
Further, in step S2, an address acquisition URL related to the
virtual reality space URL is read from the storage device 50 to be
transmitted from the communication device 44 via the network 15 to
the mapping server terminal of a specific host (in this case,
mapping server terminal 12 of the host C for example) that
constitutes the WWW system, thereby establishing Then, the process
goes to step S3. In step S3, data (three-dimensional image data) of
the virtual reality space or the IP address of the shared server
terminal 12 corresponding to the virtual reality space URL received
in step S2 or the address acquisition URL is received by the
communication device 44.
Namely, in step S2, the virtual reality space URL is transmitted to
the information server terminal 10. When this virtual reality space
URL is received by the information server terminal 10, the data of
the corresponding virtual reality space are transmitted to the
client terminal 13 via the network 15 in step S22 of FIG. 16 to be
described. Thus, in step S3, the data of the virtual reality space
transmitted from the information server terminal 10 are received.
It should be noted that the received virtual reality space data are
transferred to the RAM 43 to be stored there (or first stored in
the storage device 50 to be transferred to the RAM 43.
Also, in step S2, the address acquisition URL is transmitted to the
mapping server terminal 12. When the address acquisition URL is
received by the mapping server terminal 12, the IP address of the
shared server terminal corresponding to the URL is transmitted to
the client terminal 13 via the network 15 in step S32 of FIG. 17 to
be described. Thus, in step S3, the IP address of the shared server
terminal 12 transmitted from the mapping server 12 is received.
As described above, the address acquisition URL related to the
entered virtual reality space URL corresponds to the IP address of
the shared server terminal that controls the update object placed
in the virtual reality space corresponding to that virtual reality
space URL. Therefore, for example, if the entered virtual reality
space URL corresponds to a virtual reality space of Tokyo and the
shared server terminal 11 owned by the host B controls the update
objects placed in the Tokyo virtual reality space, the IP address
of the shared server terminal 11 is received in step S3.
Consequently, the user can automatically get the location (the IP
address) of the shared server terminal that controls the virtual
reality space of a desired area even if the user does not know
which shared server terminal controls the update objects in a
virtual reality space in which area.
It should be noted that, in steps S2 and S3, the processing of
transmitting the virtual reality space URL and the address
acquisition URL and receiving the virtual reality space data and
the IP address is actually performed by transmitting the virtual
reality space URL, receiving the data of the corresponding virtual
reality space, transmitting the address acquisition URL, and then
receiving the corresponding IP address in this order by way of
example.
When the virtual reality space data and the shared server terminal
IP address are received in step S3, the process goes to step S4. In
step S4, a connection request is transmitted from the communication
device 44 via the network 15 to the shared server terminal (in this
case, the shared server terminal 11 for example) corresponding to
the IP address (the shared server terminal IP address) received in
step S3. This establishes a link between the client terminal 13 and
the shared server terminal 11. Further, in step S3, after the
establishment of the link, the avatar (namely, the update object)
representing oneself stored in the storage device 50 is transmitted
from the communication device 44 to the shared server terminal
11.
When the shared server terminal 11 receives the user's avatar, the
same to then transmitted to the client terminals of other users
existing in the same virtual reality space (in this case, that of
Tokyo as mentioned above). Then, on the client terminals of other
users, the transmitted avatar is placed in the virtual reality
space, thus implementing the sharing of the same virtual reality
space among a plurality of users.
It should be noted that, rather than providing the user's avatar
from the client terminal 13 to the shared server terminal 11, a
predetermined avatar may also be allocated from the shared server
terminal 11 to each user who accessed the same. Also, in the client
terminal 13, the avatar of the user himself who uses this terminal
can be placed and displayed in the virtual reality space however,
the user cannot see himself in the real world, so that it is
desirable for the user's avatar not be displayed on that user's
client terminal in order to make the virtual reality space as real
as possible.
When the processing of step S4 has been completed, the process goes
to step S5. In step S5, the data of the virtual reality space that
can be seen when the same is seen from specific viewpoint and
position are read from the RAM 43 by the CPU 41 to be supplied to
the display device 45. Thus, the specific virtual reality space is
shown on the display device 45.
Then, in step S6, the communication device 44 determines whether
update information of another user's avatar has been sent from the
shared server terminal 11.
As described above, the user can update the position or viewpoint
of his own avatar by operating the viewpoint input device 49c or
the movement input device 49d. If the update of the position or
viewpoint of the avatar is instructed by using this capability, the
CPU 41 receives the instruction via the interface 48. According to
the instruction, the CPU 41 performs processing for outputting
positional data or viewpoint data corresponding to the updated
position or viewpoint as update information to the shared server
terminal 11. In other words, the CPU 41 controls the communication
device 44 to transmit the update information to the shared server
terminal 11.
Receiving the update information from the client terminal, the
shared server terminal 11 outputs the update information to other
client terminals in step S44 of FIG. 18 to be described. It should
be noted the shared server terminal 11 is adapted to transmit the
avatar received from the client terminal that requested for access
to client terminals of other users, this avatar being transmitted
also as update information.
When the update information has come as mentioned above, it is
determined in step S6 that update information of the avatar of
another user has come from the shared server terminal 11. In this
case, this update information is received by the communication
device 44 to be outputted to the CPU 41. The CPU 41 updates the
display on the display device 45 according to the update
information in step S7. That is, if the CPU 41 receives the
positional data or viewpoint data from another client terminal as
update information, the CPU 41 moves or changes (for example, the
orientation of the avatar) the avatar of that user according to the
received positional data or viewpoint data. In addition, if the CPU
41 receives the avatar from another client terminal, the CPU 41
places the received avatar in the currently displayed virtual
reality space at a specific position. It should be noted that, when
the shared server terminal 11 transmits an avatar as update
information, the shared server terminal also transmits the
positional data and viewpoint data of the avatar along with the
update information. The avatar is displayed on the display device
45 according to these positional data and viewpoint data.
When the above-mentioned processing has come to an end, the process
goes to step S8.
Meanwhile, if, in step S6, no update information of the avatar of
another user has come from the shared server terminal 11, the
process goes to step S8, skipping step S7. In step S8, the CPU 41
determines whether the position or viewpoint of the avatar of the
user of the client terminal 13 has been updated or not by operating
the viewpoint input device 49c or the movement input device
49d.
In step S8, if the CPU 41 determines that the avatar position or
viewpoint has been updated, namely, if the viewpoint input device
49c or the movement input device 49d has been operated by the user,
the process goes to step S9. In step S9, the CPU 41 reads data of
the virtual reality space corresponding to the position and
viewpoint of the avatar of the user based on the entered positional
data and viewpoint data, makes calculations for correction as
required, and generates the image data corresponding to the correct
position and viewpoint. Then, the CPU 41 outputs the generated
image data to the display device 45. Thus, the image (virtual
reality space) corresponding to the viewpoint and position entered
from the viewpoint input device 49c and the movement input device
49d is displayed on the display device 45.
Further, in step S10, the CPU 41 controls the communication device
44 to transmit the viewpoint data or the positional data entered
from the viewpoint input device 49c or the movement input device
49d to the shared server terminal 11, upon which process goes to
step 11.
Here, as described above, the update information coming from the
client terminal 13 is received by the shared server terminal 11 to
be outputted to other client terminals. Thus, the avatar of the
user of the client terminal 13 is displayed on the other client
terminals.
On the other hand, in step S8, if CPU 41 determines that the
avatar's position or viewpoint has not been updated, the process
goes to step S11 by skipping steps S9 and S10. In step S11, the CPU
41 determines whether the end of the update data input operation
has been instructed by operating a predetermined key on the
keyboard; if the end has not been instructed, the process goes back
to step S6 to repeat the processing.
Referring to the flowchart of FIG. 16, there is shown an example of
the processing by the information server terminal 10. First, the
communication device 84 determines in step S21, whether a virtual
reality space URL has come from the client terminal 13 via the
network 15. If, in step S21, the communication device 84 determines
that no virtual reality space URL has come, the process goes back
to step S21. If the virtual reality space URL has come, the same is
received by the communication device 84, upon which the process
goes to step S22. In step S22, the data of the virtual reality
space related to the virtual reality space URL received by the
communication device 84 are read by the CPU 81 to be transmitted
via the network 15 to the client terminal 13 that transmitted the
virtual reality space URL. Then, the process goes back to step S21
to repeat the above-mentioned processing.
FIG. 17 shows an example of the processing by the mapping server
terminal 12. In the mapping server terminal 12, the communication
device 94 determines in step S 31, whether an address acquisition
URL has come from the client terminal 13 via the network 15. If no
address acquisition URL has come, the process goes back to step
S31. If the address acquisition URL has come, the same is received
by the communication device 94, upon which the process goes to step
32. In step S32, the IP address (the IP address of the shared
server terminal) related to the address acquisition URL received by
the communication device 94 is read from the storage device 95 by
the CPU 91 to be transmitted via the network 15 to the client
terminal 13 that transmitted the address acquisition URL. Then, the
process goes back to step S31 to repeat the above-mentioned
processing.
FIG. 18 shows an example of the processing by the shared server
terminal 11. In the shared server terminal 11, the communication
device 24 determines, in step S41, whether a connection request has
come from the client terminal 13 via the network 15. If no
connection request has come, the process goes to step S43 by
skipping step S42. If the connection request has come, that is, if
the client terminal 13 has the connection request to the shared
server terminal 11 in step S4 of FIG. 15, the communication link
with the client terminal 13 is established by the communication
device 24, upon which the process goes to step S42.
In step S42, a connection control table stored in the RAM 23 is
updated by the CPU 21. Namely, it is necessary for the shared
server terminal 11 to recognize the client terminal 13 with which
the shared server terminal 11 is linked, in order to transmit
update information coming from the client terminal 13 to other
client terminals. To do so, when the communication link with client
terminals has been established, the shared server terminal 11
registers the information for identifying the linked client
terminals in the connection control table. That is, the connection
control table provides a list of the client terminals currently
linked to the shared server terminal 11. The information for
identifying the client terminals include the source IP address
transmitted from each client terminal as the header of TCP/IP
packet and a nickname of the avatar set by the user of each client
terminal.
Then, the process goes to step S43, in which the communication
device 24 determines whether the update information has come from
the client terminal 13. If, in step S43, no update information has
been found, the process goes to step S45 by skipping step S44. If
the update information has been found, namely, if the client
terminal 13 has transmitted, in step S10 of FIG. 15, positional
data and viewpoint data as the update information to the shared
server terminal 11 (or, in step S4 of FIG. 15, the client terminal
13 has transmitted the avatar as the update information to the
shared server terminal 11 after transmission of the connection
request), the update information is received by the communication
device 24, upon which the process goes to step S44. In step S44,
the CPU 21 references the connection control table stored in the
RAM 23 to transmit the update information received by the
communication device 24 to other client terminals than the client
terminal which transmitted that update information. At this moment,
the source IP address of each client terminal controlled by the
connection control table is used.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned update information is
received by the client terminal 13 in step S6 of FIG. 15 as
described above.
Then, the process goes to step S45, in which the CPU 21 determines
whether the end of processing has been instructed by the client
terminal 13. If the end of processing has not been instructed, the
process goes back to S41 by skipping step S46. If the end of
processing has been instructed, the process goes to step S46. In
step S46, the link with the client terminal 13 from which the
instruction has come is disconnected by the communication device
24. Further, from the connection control table, the information
associated with the client terminal 13 is deleted by the CPU 21,
upon which the process goes back to step S41.
Thus, the control of the update objects is performed by the shared
server terminal 11 and the control (or provision) of the basic
objects is performed by the information server terminal 10
constituting the WWW of the Internet used world-wide, thereby
easily providing virtual reality spaces that can be shared by
unspecified users world-wide. It should be noted that the
specifications of the existing WWW system need not be modified to
achieve the above-mentioned objective.
Provision of the virtual reality space data by use of the WWW
system need not create any new web browser because the transfer of
these data can be made using related art web browsers such as the
Netscape Navigator.TM. offered by Netscape Communications, Inc. for
example.
Moreover, because the IP address of the shared server terminal 11
is provided by the mapping server terminal 12, the user can share a
virtual reality space with other users without knowing the address
of the shared server terminal.
In what follows, a procedure of communications between the client
terminal 13, the information server terminal 10, the shared server
terminal 11, and the mapping server terminal 12 will be described
with reference to FIG. 19. When the user desires to get a virtual
reality space, the user enters the URL (the virtual reality space
URL) corresponding to the virtual reality space of the desired
area. Then, the entered URL is transmitted from the client terminal
13 to the information server terminal 10 (http). Receiving the URL
from the client terminal 13, the information server terminal 10
transmits the data (three-dimensional scene data representing only
basic objects) of the virtual reality space associated with the URL
to the client terminal 13. The client terminal 13 receives and
display these data.
It should be noted that, at this stage of processing, no link is
established between the client terminal 13 and the shared server
terminal 11, so that the client terminal 13 does not receive update
information; therefore, a virtual reality space composed of only
basic objects, namely a virtual reality space shown only a still
street for example, is shown (that is, no update objects such as
avatars of other users are displayed).
Further, the address acquisition URL related to the virtual reality
space URL is transmitted from the client terminal 13 to the mapping
server terminal 12. The mapping server terminal 12 receives the
address acquisition URL to transmit the IP address (the IP address
of a shared server terminal controlling update objects located in
the virtual reality space of the area related to the virtual
reality space URL, for example, the shared server terminal 11)
related to the received address acquisition URL to the client
terminal 13.
Here, it is possible that the IP address related to the address
acquisition URL transmitted by the client terminal 13 is not
registered in the mapping server terminal 12. Namely, a shared
server terminal for controlling the update objects located in the
virtual reality space of the area related to the virtual reality
space URL may not be installed or operating for example. In such a
case, the IP address of the shared server terminal cannot be
obtained, so that a virtual reality space composed of only basic
objects, a virtual reality space showing only a still street for
example, is displayed. Therefore, in this case, sharing of a
virtual reality space with other users is not established. Such a
virtual reality space can be provided only by storing the virtual
reality space data (namely, basic objects) in an information server
terminal (a WWW server terminal) by the existing WWW system. This
denotes that the cyberspace system according to the present
invention is upward compatible with the existing www system.
Receiving the IP address (the IP address of the shared server
terminal 11) from the mapping server terminal 12, the client
terminal 13 transmits a connection request to a shared server
terminal corresponding to the IP address, namely the shared server
terminal 11 in this case. Then, when a communication link is
established between the client terminal 13 and the shared server
terminal 11, the client terminal 13 transmits the avatar (the
three-dimensional representation of the user) representing itself
to the shared server terminal 11. Receiving the avatar from the
client terminal 13, the shared server terminal 11 transmits the
received avatar to the other client terminals linked to the shared
server terminal 11. At the same time, the shared server terminal 11
transmits the update objects (shapes of shared three-dimensional
objects), the other users' avatars, located in the virtual reality
space of the area controlled by the shared server terminal 11, to
the client terminal 13.
In the other client terminals, the avatar of the user of the client
terminal 13 is placed in the virtual reality space to appear on the
monitor screens of the other client terminals. In the client
terminal 13, the avatars of the other client terminals are placed
in the virtual reality space to appear on its monitor screen. As a
result, all the users of the client terminals linked to the shared
server terminal 11 share the same virtual reality space.
Then, when the shared server terminal 11 receives the update
information from other client terminals, transmits the received
update information to the client terminal 13. Receiving the update
information, the client terminal 13 changes the display (for
example, the position of the avatar of another user is changed).
When the state of the avatar of the user of the client terminal 13
is changed by that user, the update information reflecting that
change is transmitted from the client terminal 13 to the shared
server terminal 11. Receiving this update information, the shared
server terminal 11 transmits the same to the client terminals other
than the client terminal 13. Thus, on these other client terminals,
the state of the avatar of the user of the client terminal 13 is
changed accordingly (namely, the state of the avatar is changed as
the same has been changed by the user of the client terminal 13 on
the same).
Subsequently, the processing in which the client terminal 13
transmits the update information about the avatar of its own and
receives the update information from the shared server terminal 11
to change the display based on the received update information
continues until the connection with the shared server terminal 11
is disconnected.
Thus, the sharing of the same virtual reality space is established
by transferring the update information via the shared server
terminal 11 among the users. Therefore, if the shared server
terminal 11 and the client terminal 13 are located remotely, there
occurs a delay in the communication between these terminals,
deteriorating the response in the communication. To be more
specific, if the shared server terminal 11 is located in U.S. for
example and users in Japan are accessing the same, update
information of user A in Japan is transmitted to user B in Japan
via U.S., thereby taking time until a change made by user A is
reflected in user B.
To overcome such a problem, rather than installing only one shared
server terminal in the world, a plurality of shared server
terminals are installed all over the world. And the IP addresses of
the plurality of shared server terminals are registered in the
mapping server terminal 12 to make the same provide the IP address
of the shared server terminal in the geographical proximity to the
client terminal 13.
To be more specific, as shown in FIG. 20, a shared server terminals
W1 and W2 for controlling the update objects placed in a virtual
reality space (a three-dimensional space) such as an amusement park
are installed in Japan and U.S. respectively by way of example.
When the users in Japan and U.S. have received the data of the
amusement park's virtual reality space, each user transmits an
address acquisition URL related to a virtual reality space URL
corresponding to the amusement park's virtual reality space to the
mapping server terminal 12 (the same address acquisition URL is
transmitted from all users). At this moment, the users in Japan
transmit the IP address of the shared server terminal WI installed
in Japan to the mapping server terminal 12, while the users in U.S.
transmit the IP address of the shared server terminal W2 installed
in U.S. to the mapping server terminal 12.
Here, the mapping server terminal 12 identifies the installation
locations of the client terminals that transmitted the address
acquisition URLs to the mapping server terminal in the following
procedure.
In the communication in TCP/IP protocol, a source IP address and a
destination IP address are described in the header of a TCP/IP
packet.
Meanwhile, an IP address is made up of 32 bits and normally
expressed in a decimal notation delimited by dot in units of eight
bits. For example, an IP is expressed in 43.0.35.117. This IP
address provides an address which uniquely identifies a source or
destination terminal connected to the Internet. Because an IP
address expressed in four octets (32 bits) is difficult to
remember, a domain name is used. The domain name system (DNS) is
provided to control the relationship between the domain names
assigned to the terminals all over the world and their IP
addresses. The DNS answers a domain name for a corresponding IP
address and vice versa. The DNS functions based on the cooperation
of the domain name servers installed all over the world. A domain
name is expressed in "hanaya@ipd. sony.co.jp" for example, which
denotes a user name, @, a host name, an organization name, an
organization attribute, and country name (in the case of U.S., the
country name is omitted) in this order. If the country name of the
first layer is "jp", that terminal is located in Japan. If there is
no country name, that terminal is located in U.S.
Using a domain name server 130 as shown FIG. 23, the mapping server
terminal 12 identifies the installation location of the client
terminal that transmitted the address acquisition URL to the
mapping server terminal.
To be more specific, the mapping server terminal asks the domain
name server 130 controlling the table listing the relationship
between the source IP addresses of the requesting client terminal
and the domain names assigned with the IP addresses for the
corresponding domain name. Then, the mapping server terminal
identifies the country in which a specific client terminal is
installed based on the first layer of the domain name of the client
terminal obtained from the domain name server 130.
In this case, since the client terminal used by each user and its
shared server terminal are located in geographical proximity to
each other, the above-mentioned problem of a delay, or the
deterioration of response time is solved.
In this case, the virtual reality space provided to the users in
Japan and U.S. is the same amusement park's virtual reality space
as mentioned above. However, since the shared server terminals that
control the sharing are located in both countries, the sharing by
the users in Japan is made independently of the sharing by the
users in U.S. Namely, the same virtual reality space is shared
among the users in Japan and shared among the users in U.S.
Therefore, in this case, the same virtual reality space is provided
from the information server terminal 10, but separate shared spaces
are constructed among the users in both countries, thereby enabling
the users to make a chat in their respective languages.
However, it is possible for the users of both countries to share
the same virtual reality space by making connection between the
shared server terminals W1 and W2 to transfer update information
between them.
The deterioration of response also occurs when the excess number of
users access the shared server terminal 11. This problem can be
overcome by installing a plurality of shared server terminals for
controlling the update objects placed in the virtual reality space
in the same area in units of specific areas, for example, countries
or prefectures and making the mapping server terminal 12 provide
the addresses of those shared server terminals which are accessed
less frequently.
To be more specific, a plurality of shared server terminals W3, W4,
W5, and so on are installed and the mapping server terminal 12 is
made provide the IP address of the specific shared server terminal
W3 for example for specific URLs. Further, in this case,
communication is performed between the mapping server terminal 12
and the shared server terminal W3 for example to make the shared
server terminal W3 transmit the number of client terminals
accessing the shared server terminal W3 to the mapping server
terminal 12. Then, when the number of client terminals accessing
the shared server terminal W3 has exceeded a predetermined level
(100 terminals for example, which do not deteriorate the response
of the shared server terminal W3) and if the mapping server
terminal 12 has received another URL, the mapping server terminal
12 provides the IP address of another shared server terminal W4 for
example (it is desired that the W4 be located in the proximity to
the shared server terminal W3).
It should be noted that, in this case, the shared server terminal
W4 may be put in the active state in advance; however, it is also
possible to start the shared server W4 when the number of client
terminals accessing the shared server W3 has exceeded a
predetermined value.
Then, communication is performed between the mapping server
terminal 12 and the shared server terminal W4. When the number of
client terminals accessing the shared server terminal W4 has
exceeded a predetermined value, and the mapping server terminal 12
has received another URL, the mapping server terminal 12 provides
the IP address of the shared server terminal W5 (however, if the
number of client terminals accessing the shared server terminal W3
has dropped below the predetermined level, the mapping server
terminal 12 provides the IP address of the W3).
This setup protects each of the shared server terminals W3, W4, W5
and so on from application of excess load, thereby preventing the
deterioration of response.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned capability can be
implemented by controlling by the mapping server terminal 12 the IP
addresses of shared server terminals to be outputted for specific
URLs, so that the client terminal 13 and the software operating on
the same need not be modified.
The present embodiment has been described by taking the user's
avatar for example as the update object to be controlled by the
shared server terminal 11; it is also possible to make the shared
server terminal control any other update objects than avatars. It
should be noted, however, that the client terminal 13 can also
control update objects in some cases. For example, an update object
such as a clock may be controlled by the client terminal 13 based
on the built-in clock of the same, updating the clock.
Further, in the present embodiment, the hosts A through C, the
client terminals 13-1 through 13-3, and the service provider
terminal 14 are interconnected via the network 15, which is the
Internet; however, in terms of using the existing WWW system, the
host A having the information server terminal 10 or the host C
having the mapping server terminal 12 may only be connected with
the client terminal 13 via the Internet. Further, if the user
recognizes the address of the shared server terminal 11 for
example, the host A having the information server terminal 10 and
the client terminal 13 may only be interconnected via the
Internet.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the information server
terminal 10 and the mapping server terminal 12 operate on different
hosts; however, if the WWW system is used, these server terminals
may be installed on the same host. It should be noted that, if the
WWW system is not used, the information server terminal 10, the
shared server terminal 11, and the mapping server terminal 12 may
all be installed on the same host.
Still further, in the present embodiment, the data of the virtual
reality spaces for each specific area are stored in the host A
(namely, the information server terminal 10); however, these data
may also be handled in units of a department store or an amusement
park for example.
In the above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the invention, the
basic objects are supplied to each client terminal 13 via the
network 15; however, it is also possible to store the basic objects
in an information recording medium such as a CD-ROM and distribute
the same to each user in advance. In this case, each client
terminal 13 is constituted as shown in FIG. 21. To be more
specific, in the embodiment of FIG. 21, a CD-ROM drive 100 is
connected to the interface 48 to drive a CD-ROM 101 in which a
virtual reality composed of basic objects is stored. The other part
of the constitution is the same as that of FIG. 7.
Thus, provision of the data of basic objects from the CD-ROM 101
eliminates the time for transferring the data via the network 15,
increasing processing speed.
Alternatively, the data of basic objects supplied from the
information server terminal 10 may be stored in the storage device
50 only for the first time to be subsequently read for use.
Namely, the basic object data can be stored in the storage device
85 of the information server terminal 10 (for the cases 1 through
3), the storage device 50 of the client terminal 13 (for the cases
4 through 6) or the CD-ROM 101 of the client terminal 13 (for the
cases 7 through 9).
On the other hand, the update object data can be stored in the
storage device 85 of the information server terminal 10 (for the
case 1) or the storage device 30 of the shared server terminal 11
(for the cases 2 through 9). In the case in which the update object
data are stored in the shared server terminal 11, that shared
server terminal may be the shared server terminal 11-1 in Japan
(for the case 2, 5 or 8) or the shared server terminal 11-2 in U.S.
(for the case 3, 6 or 9) as shown in FIG. 23 for example. In this
instance, the URL of the update object data is stored on the
mapping server terminal 12.
If the update object data are stored on the information server
terminal 10, the URL of the update object data is the default URL
controlled by the information server terminal 10 (in the case of
1). Or if the shared server terminal 11 is specified by the user
manually, the URL of update object data is the specified URL (in
the case of 4 or 7).
Referring to FIG. 23, the data in each of the above-mentioned cases
in FIG. 22 flows as follows. In the case 1, the basic object data
are read from a VRML file (to be described later in detail) stored
in an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), storage device of a WWW server
terminal 121 operating as the information server terminal 10 to be
supplied to the client terminal 13-1 for example via the Internet
15A operating as the network 15. The storage device of the WWW
server terminal 121 also stores update object data. To be more
specific, when the basic object data are read in the WWW server
terminal 121, the URL of the corresponding update object data is
stored as the default URL in the storage device of the WWW server
terminal 121 in advance. From this default URL, the update object
data are read to be supplied to the client terminal 13-1.
In the case 2, the basic object data are supplied from the WWW
server terminal 121 to the client terminal 13-1 in Japan via the
Internet 15A. On the other hand, the update object data are
supplied from the shared server terminal 11-1 in Japan specified by
the mapping server terminal 12 to the client terminal 13-1 via the
Internet 15A.
In the case 3, the basic object data are supplied from the WWW
server terminal 121 to the client terminal 13-2 in U.S. via the
Internet 15A. The update object data are supplied from the shared
server terminal 11-2 in U.S. specified by the mapping server
terminal 12 via the Internet 15A.
In the case 4, the basic object data are stored in advance in the
storage device 50 of the client terminal 13-1 in Japan for example.
The update object data are supplied from the shared server terminal
11-2 in U.S. for example specified by the client terminal 13-1.
In the case 5, the basic object data are stored in advance in the
storage device 50 of the client terminal 13-1. The update object
data are supplied from the shared server terminal 11-1 in Japan
specified by the mapping server terminal 12 via the Internet
15A.
In the case 6, the basic object data are stored in advance in the
storage device 50 of the client terminal 13-2 in U.S. The update
object data are supplied from the shared server terminal 11-2 in
U.S. specified by the mapping server terminal 12 to the client
terminal 13-2 via the Internet 15A.
In the case 7, the basic object data stored in the CD-ROM 101 are
supplied to the client terminal 13-1 in Japan for example via the
CD-ROM drive 100. The update object data are supplied from the
shared server terminal (for example, the shared server terminal
11-1 or 11-2) specified by the client terminal 13-1.
In the case 8, the basic object data are supplied from the CD-ROM
101 to the client terminal 13-1. The update object data are
supplied from the shared server terminal 11-1 in Japan specified by
the mapping server terminal 12 in Japan.
In the case 9, the basic object data are supplied from the CD-ROM
101 to the client terminal 13-2 in U.S. The update object data are
supplied from the shared server terminal 11-2 in U.S. specified by
the mapping server terminal 12 via the Internet 15A.
In what follows, the software for transferring the above-mentioned
virtual reality space data to display the same on the display
device. In the WWW system, document data are transferred in a file
described in HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). Therefore, text
data are registered as an HTML file.
On the other hand, in the WWW system, three-dimensional graphics
data are transferred for use by describing the same in VRML
(Virtual Reality Modeling Language) or E-VRML (Enhanced Virtual
Reality Modeling Language). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 24 for
example, a WWW server terminal 112 of remote host 111 constituting
the above-mentioned information server terminal 10, the shared
server terminal 11 or the mapping server terminal 12 stores in its
storage device both HTML and E-VRML files.
In an HTML file, linking between different files is performed by
URL. In a VRML or E-VRML file, such attributes as WWWAnchor and
WWWInline can be specified for objects. WWWAnchor is an attribute
for linking a hyper text to an object, a file of link destination
being specified by URL. WWWInline is an attribute for describing an
external view of a building for example in parts of external wall,
roof, window, and door for example. An URL can be related to each
of the parts. Thus, also in VRML or E-VRML files, link can be
established with other files by means of WWWAnchor or
WWWInline.
For application software (a WWW browser) for notifying a WWW server
terminal of a URL entered in a client terminal in the WWW system to
interpret and display an HTML file coming from the WWW server
terminal, Netscape Navigator (register trade name) (hereafter
referred to simply as Netscape) of Netscape Communications, Inc. is
known. For example, the client terminal 13 also uses Netscape to
user the capability for transferring data with the WWW server
terminal.
It should be noted, however, that this WWW browser can interpret an
HTML file and display the same; but this WWW browser cannot
interpret and display a VRML or E-VRML file although it can receive
these files. Therefore, a VRML browser is required which can
interpret a VRML file and an E-VRML file and draw and display them
as a three-dimensional space.
Details of VRML are disclosed in the Japanese translation of "VRML:
Browsing & Building Cyberspace," Mark Pesce, 1995, New Readers
Publishing, ISBN 1-56205-498-8, the translation being entitled
"Getting to Know VRML: Building and Browsing Three-Dimensional
Cyberspace," translated by Kouichi Matsuda, Terunao Gamaike,
Shouichi Takeuchi, Yasuaki Honda, Junichi Rekimoto, Masayuki
Ishikawa, Takeshi Miyashita and Kazuhiro Hara, published Mar. 25,
1996, Prenticehall Publishing, ISBN4-931356-37-0.
The applicant hereof developed Community Place.TM. as application
software that includes this VRML browser.
Community Place is composed of the following three software
programs:
(1) Community Place Browser
This is a VRML browser which is based on VRML 1.0 and prefetches
the capabilities (motion and sound) of VRML 2.0 to support E-VRML
that provides moving picture capability. In addition, this provides
the multi-user capability which can be connected to Community Place
Bureau. For the script language, TCL/TK is used.
(2) Community Place Conductor
This is a VRML authoring system which is based on E-VRML based on
VRML 1.0. This tool can not only simply construct a
three-dimensional world but also give a behavior, a sound, and an
image to the three-dimensional world with ease.
(3) Community Place Bureau
This is used for a server terminal system for enabling people to
meet each other in a virtual reality space constructed on a
network, connected from the Community Place Browser.
In the client terminals 13-1 and 13-2 shown in FIG. 23, Community
Place Bureau Browser is installed in advance and executed. In the
shared server terminals 11-1 and 11-2, Community Place Bureau is
installed in advance and executed. FIG. 25 shows an example in
which Community Place Bureau Browser is installed from the CD-ROM
101 and executed on the client terminal 13-1 and, in order to
implement the shared server terminal capability and the client
terminal capability on a single terminal, Community Place Bureau
and Community Place Bureau Browser are installed from the CD-ROM
101 in advance and executed.
As shown in FIG. 24, Community Place Bureau Browser transfers a
variety of data with Netscape as a WWW browser based on NCAPI
(Netscape Client Application Programming Interface).TM..
Receiving an HTML file and a VRML file or E-VRML file from the WWW
server terminal 11-2 via the Internet, Netscape stores the received
files in the storage device 50. Netscape processes only the HTML
file. The VRML or E-VRML file is processed by Community Place
Bureau Browser.
E-VRML is an enhancement of VRML 1.0 by providing behavior and
multimedia (sound and moving picture) and was proposed to the VRML
Community, September 1995, as the first achievement of the
applicant hereof. Then, the basic model (event model) for
describing motions as used in E-VRML was inherited to the Moving
Worlds proposal, one the VRML 2.0 proposals.
In what follows, Community Place Bureau Browser will be outlined.
After installing this browser, selecting "Manual" from "Community
Place Folder" of "Program" of the start menu of Windows 95.TM. (or
in Windows NT.TM., the Program Manager) displays the instruction
manual of the browser.
It should be noted that Community Place Browser, Community Place
Conductor, Community Place Bureau, and the files necessary for
operating these software programs are recorded in a recording
medium such as the CD-ROM 101 to be distributed as a sample.
Operating Environment of the Browser
The operating environment of the browser is as shown in FIG. 26.
The minimum operating environment must be at least satisfied.
However, Netscape Navigator need not be used if the browser is used
as a standalone VRML browser. In particular, on using in the
multi-user, the recommended operating environment is desirable.
Installing the Browser
The browser can be usually installed in the same way as Netscape is
installed. To be more specific, vscplb3a.exe placed in the Sony.TM.
directory of the above-mentioned CD-ROM 101 is used as follows for
installation.
(1) Double-click vscplb3a.exe. The installation package is
decompressed into the directory indicated by "Unzip To Directory"
column. The destination directory may be changed as required.
(2) Click "Unzip" button. And the installation package is
decompressed.
(3) "12 files unzipped successfully" appears. Click "OK"
button.
(4) When "Welcome" windows appeared, click "NEXT" button.
(5) Carefully read "Software License Agreement." If agreed, press
"Yes" button; if not, press "No" button.
(6) Check the directory of installation. Default is "Program Files
SonyCommunity Place."
(7) If use of the above-mentioned directory is not wanted, press
"Browse" button and select another directory. Then, press "Next"
button.
(8) To read "readme" file here, click "Yes" button.
(9) When the installation has been completed, click "OK"
button.
Starting the Browser
Before starting the browser, setting of Netscape Navigator must be
performed. If the browser is used standalone, this setting need not
be performed; just select "Community Place Folder . . . Community
Place" of "Program" of the start menu and start. The following
setting may be automatically performed at installation.
(1) From "Options" menu of Netscape Navigator, execute "General
Preference" and open "Preference" window. From the upper tab,
select "Helper Applications."
(2) Check "File type" column for "x-world/x-vrml". If it is found,
go to (4) below.
(3) Click "Create New Type" button. Enter "x-world" in "Mime Type"
column and "x-vrml" in "Mime SubType" column. Click "OK" button.
Enter "wrl" in "Extensions" column.
(4) Click "Launch the Application:" button. Enter the path name of
Community Place Browser in the text column below this button.
Default is "Program FilesSonyCommunity Placebinvscp.exe".
(5) Click "OK" button.
Thus, the setting of Netscape Navigator has been completed. Start
the browser as follows:
(1) In "File..Open File" menu of Netscape, read "readme.htm" of the
sample CD-ROM 101.
(2) Clicking the link to the sample world, and Community Place is
automatically started, loading the sample world from the CD-ROM
101.
Uninstalling the Browser
Execute "Uninstall" from "Community Place Folder" of "Program" of
the start menu (or in Windows NT, the Program Manager), the browser
will be uninstalled automatically.
Operating the Browser
The browser may be operated intuitively with the mouse 49b, the
keyboard 49a, and the buttons on screen.
Moving Around in the Three-Dimensional Space
In the three-dimensional space provided by VRML, such movements
done in real world as forward, backward, rotate right and rotate
left for example can be done. The browser implements such movements
through the following interface:
By Keyboard
Each of the arrow keys, not shown, on the keyboard 49a generates
the following corresponding movement:
.fwdarw. rotate right;
.rarw. rotate left;
.uparw. move forward; and
.dwnarw. move backward.
By Mouse
operate the mouse all with its left button.
(1) Keep the left button of the mouse 49b pressed in the window of
CyberPassage and move the mouse to the right for rotate right;to
the left for rotate left;up for forward; and down for backward. The
velocity of movement depends on the displacement of the mouse.
(2) With the Ctrl (Control) key, not shown, on the keyboard 49a
kept pressed, click an object on screen to get to the front of the
clicked object.
The Following Precautions are Needed
If a collision with an object occurs, a collision sound is
generated and the frame of screen blinks in red. If this happens,
any forward movement is blocked. Moving directions must be
changed.
If the user is lost or cannot see anything in the space, click
"Home" button on the right of screen, and the user can return to
the home position.
Jumping Eye
While navigating through a three-dimensional space, the user may be
lost at occasions. If this happens, the user can jump up to have an
overhead view around.
(1) Click "Jump" button on the right of screen, and the user enters
the jumping eye mode and jump to a position from which the user
look down the world.
(2) Click "Jump" button again, and the user goes down to the
original position.
(3) Alternatively, click any place in the world, and the user gets
down to the clicked position.
Selecting an Object
When the mouse cursor is moved around on the screen, the shape of
the cursor is transformed into a grabber (hand) on an object. In
this state, click the left button of the mouse, and the action of
the grabbed object can be called.
Loading a VRML File
A VRML file can be loaded as follows:
In Netscape, click the link to the VRML file;
From "File..Open File" menu of Community Place Bureau, select the
file having extension "wrl" on disc.
In "File..Open URL" menu of Community Place Bureau, enter the
URL.
Click the object in the virtual space for which "URL" is displayed
on the mouse cursor.
Operating Toolbar Buttons
Buttons in the toolbar shown in FIG. 30 for example may be used to
execute frequently used functions.
"Back" Go back to the world read last.
"Forward" Go to the world after going back to the previous
world.
"Home" Move to the home position.
"Undo" Return a moved object to the original position (to be
described later).
"Bookmark" Attach a book to the current world or position.
"Scouter" Enter in the scouter mode (to be described later)
"Jump" Enter in the jump eye mode.
Scouter Mode
Each object placed in a virtual world may have a character string
as information by using the E-VRML capability.
(1) Click "Scouter" button on the right of screen, and the user
enters the scouter mode.
(2) When the mouse cursor moves onto an object having an
information label, the information label is displayed.
(3) Click "Scouter" button again, and the user exits the scouter
mode.
Moving an Object Around
With "Alt" (Alternate) key, not shown, on the keyboard 49a pressed,
press the left button of the mouse 49b on a desired object, and the
user can move that object to a desired position with the mouse.
This is like moving a coffee cup for example on s desk with the
hand in the real world. In the virtual reality, however, objects
that can be moved are those having movable attributes. It should be
noted that a moved object may be restored to the position before
movement only once by using "Undo" button.
Connecting to a Multi-User Server Terminal
This browser provides a multi-user capability. The multi-user
capability allows the sharing of a same VRML virtual space among a
plurality of users. Currently, the applicant hereof is operating
Community Place Bureau in the Internet on an experimental basis. By
loading a world called chatroom the server terminal can be
connected to share a same VRML virtual space with other users,
walking together, turning off a room light, having a chat, and
doing other activities.
This capability is started as follows:
(1) Make sure that the user's personal computer is linked to the
Internet.
(2) Load the Chatroom of the sample world into CyberPassage
Browser. This is done by loading "Sonyreadme.htm" from the sample
CD-ROM 101 clicking "Chat Room".
(3) Appearance of "Connected to VS Server" in the message window
indicates successful connection.
Thus, the connection to the server has been completed. Interaction
with other users is of the following two types:
Telling Others of an Action
This is implemented by clicking any of "Hello", "Smile", "Wao!",
"Wooo!!", "Umm . . .", "Sad", "Bye" and so on in the "Action"
window. The actions include rotating the user himself (avatar)
right or left 36 degrees, 180 degrees or 360 degrees.
Talking With Others
This capability is implemented by opening the "Chat" window in
"View. Chat" menu and entering a message from the keyboard 49a into
the bottom input column.
Multi-User Worlds
The following three multi-user worlds are provided by the sample
CD-ROM 101. It should be noted that chat can be made throughout
these three worlds commonly.
1) Chat Room
This is a room in which chat is made mainly. Some objects in this
room are shared among multiple users. There are objects which are
made gradually transparent every time the left button of the mouse
is pressed, used to turn off room lights, and hop when clicked, by
way of example. Also, there are hidden holes and the like.
(2) Play With a Ball!!
When a ball in the air is clicked, the ball flies toward the user
who clicked the ball. This ball is shared by all users sharing that
space to play catch.
(3) Share Your Drawing
A whiteboard is placed in the virtual space. When it is clicked by
the left button, the shared whiteboard is displayed. Dragging with
the left button draws a shape on the whiteboard, the result being
shared by the users sharing the space.
Use of community Place Bureau allows the users using Community
Place Browser to enter together a world described in VRML 1.0. To
provide a three-dimensional virtual reality space for enabling this
capability, a file described in VRML 1.0 must be prepared. Then,
the Bureau (Community Place Bureau being hereinafter appropriately
referred to simply as the Bureau) is operated on an appropriate
personal computer. Further, a line telling the personal computer on
which Bureau is operating is added to the VRML 1.0 file. The
resultant VRML file is read into Community Place Browser
(hereinafter appropriately referred to simply as the Browser), the
Browser is connected to the Bureau.
If this connection is successful, the users in the virtual world
can see each other and talk each other. Further, writing an
appropriate script into the file allows each user to express
emotions through a use of action panel ("Action" part in a
multi-user window 202 of FIG. 29 to be described).
Community Place Browser provides interface for action description
through use of TCL. This interface allows each user to provide
behaviors to objects in the virtual world and, if desired, make the
resultant objects synchronize between the Browsers. This allows a
plurality of users to play a three-dimensional game if means for it
are prepared.
To enjoy a multi-user virtual world, three steps are required,
preparation of a VRML file, start of the Bureau, and connection of
the Browser.
Preparing a VRML File
First, a desired VRML. 1.0 file must be prepared. This file is
created by oneself or a so-called freeware is used for this file.
This file presents a multi-user virtual world.
Starting the Bureau
The operating environment of Community Place Bureau is as
follows:
CPU . . . 486SX or higher
OS . . . Window 95
Memory . . . 12 MB or higher
This Bureau can be started only by executing the downloaded file.
When the CyberPassage Bureau is executed, only a menu bar
indicating menus is displayed as shown in FIG. 27. Just after
starting, the Bureau is in stopped state. Selecting "status" by
pulling down "View" menu displays the status window that indicates
the current the Bureau state. At the same time, a port number
waiting for connection is also shown.
Immediately after starting, the Bureau is set such that it waits
for connection at TCP port No. 5126. To change this port number,
pull down "options" menu and select "port". When entry of a new
port number is prompted, enter a port number 5000 or higher. If the
user does not know which port number to enter, default value (5126)
can be used.
To start the Bureau from the stopped state, pull down "run" menu
and select "start". The server terminal comes to be connected at
the specified port. At this moment, the state shown in "status"
window becomes "running".
Thus, after completion of the bureau preparations, when the Browser
comes to connect to the Bureau, it tells the position of the
Browser to another Browser or transfers information such as
conversation and behavior.
The "status" window of the Bureau is updated every time connection
is made by the user, so that using this window allows the user to
make sure of the users existing in that virtual world.
Connection of the Browser
Connection of the Browser requires the following two steps. First,
instruct the Browser to which Bureau it is to be connected. This is
done by writing an "info" node to the VRML file. Second, copy the
user's avatar file to an appropriate direction so that you can be
seen from other users.
Adding to a VRML File
When writing a line specifying the Bureau to be connected to the
VRML file, a name of the personal computer on which the Bureau is
operating and the port number must be specified in the following
format:
DEF VsServer Into {string"server name:port number"}
The server terminal name is a machine name as used in the Internet
on which the Bureau is operating (for example,
fred.research.sony.com) or its IP address (for example,
123.231.12.1). The port number is one set in the Bureau.
Consequently, the above-mentioned format becomes as follows for
example:DEF VsServer Info {string "fred.
research.sony.com:5126"}
In the example of FIG. 25, the IP address of the shared server
terminal 11-1 is 43.0.35.117, so that the above-mentioned format
becomes as follows:DEF VsServer Info {string"43.0.35.117:5126"}
This is added below the line shown below of the prepared VRML
file:
#VRML V1.0 ascii
Copying an Avatar File
When Community Place Browser gets connected to Community Place
Bureau, the former notifies the latter of its avatar. When a
specific avatar meets another, the Bureau notifies the other
Browsers of the meeting information to make the specific avatar be
displayed on the other Browsers. For this reason, it is required to
copy the VRML file of the specific avatar to an appropriate place
in advance.
FIG. 27 shows a display example of a display device 45 of the
client terminal 13 on which the avatar of the user is arranged in a
circus park which is a three-dimensional virtual reality space. The
image displayed therein is an image as viewed from the own avatar
in the circus park. Currently, the avatar is looking at a child
clown in the forward direction.
This display screen also shows a variety of buttons 211 through 221
for moving (or navigating) the avatar in the three dimensional
virtual reality space. It should be noted that moving the own
avatar is equivalent to moving the viewpoint position of the user
along the reference plane (the ground or horizontal plane) in the
three-dimensional virtual reality space.
The arrow button 211 is operated to move the avatar forward. The
arrow button 212 is operated to move the avatar backward. The arrow
buttons 213 and 214 are operated to rotate the avatar to the left
and to the right respectively.
The triangle buttons 215 through 218 are operated to move the
avatar upward, downward, to the left, and to the right
respectively.
The upper pedal button 219 is operated to move the sight line of
the avatar upward. The lower pedal button 220 is operated to move
the sight line of the avatar downward. The arc arrow button 221 is
operated to reset the sight line direction such that the sight line
of the avatar is moved to the horizontal reference plane (the
preset default direction horizontal to the ground).
In order to execute the processing corresponding to the operations
of these navigation buttons, the client terminal 13 executes the
processing shown in FIG. 28. Namely, in steps S51 through S61, it
is determined whether the buttons 211 through 218 have been
operated respectively.
In step S51, if the button 219 has been found operated, then, in
step S62, the processing for moving the sight line of the avatar
upward is executed. This displays an image obtained by viewing
upward from that point on the display device 45 of the client
terminal 13. If the button 219 is kept operated, the angle of the
sight line direction from the horizontal direction grows gradually
and, when the button 219 is released, the sight line is fixed
there.
In step S52, if the button 220 has been found operated, the
processing for moving down the sight line of the avatar is
executed. Namely, in this case, an image obtained by viewing down
from that point is displayed. Like the operation of the button 219,
if the button 220 is kept operated, the angle of the direction of
the current sight line from the horizontal direction to downward
grows gradually and, when the button 220 is released, the sight
line is fixed there.
Further, in step S53, if the button 221 has been found operated,
then, in step S64, the processing for setting the sight line to a
preset predetermined reference direction (in this embodiment, the
horizontal direction). Namely, in the state in which the sight line
is directed in an upward direction or a downward direction from a
predetermined angle by operating the button 219 or 220, the sight
line can be returned if required to the horizontal direction by
operating the button 220 or 219. However, this operation takes
time. In such a case, operating the button 221 immediately sets the
sight line to the horizontal direction.
FIG. 29 shows changes in the sight line direction corresponding to
the operations of the buttons 219 through 221. As shown in the
figure, operating the button 219 changes the sight line of an
avatar 401 upward and operating the button 220 changes the sight
line of the avatar 401 downward. This changes the direction of the
sight line in a range of .+-.90 degrees from the horizontal
direction. When the button 221 is operated, the direction of the
sight line is immediately reset to the horizontal direction along a
reference plane 404 in the three-dimensional virtual reality space
no matter which direction the sight line has been set.
Referring to FIG. 28 again, if the button 211 has been found
operated in step S54, then, in step S65, the processing for moving
the avatar forward is executed. For example, if the button 211 is
operated in the state shown in FIG. 27, an image in which the
avatar gradually approaches the child clown is obtained.
In step S55, if the button 212 has been found operated, then, in
step S66, the processing for moving the avatar backward is
executed. For example, if the button 212 is operated in the state
shown in FIG. 27, an image in which the avatar gradually moves away
from the clown while looking at the same.
In step S56, if the button 213 has been found operated, then, in
step S67, the processing for rotating the avatar to the left is
executed. In this case, the avatar rotates to the left
horizontally. If, in step 57, the button 214 has been found
operated, then, in step 68, the avatar rotates to the right. For
example, if the button 213 or 214 has been operated in the state
shown in FIG. 27, an image to the left of the child clown or an
image to the right thereof is obtained.
In step S58, if the button 215 has been found operated, then, in
step S69, the processing for raising the avatar is executed. In
this case, an image in which as if the avatar is standing on tiptoe
at that point is obtained. In step S59, if the button 216 has been
found operated, then, in step S70, the processing for lowering the
avatar is executed. In this case, an image in which as if the
avatar is crouching at that point is obtained. It should be noted
that, the buttons 211 through 214, if released after operation, the
direction of the sight line is fixed at the time of release. On the
contrary, when the button 215 or 216 is released after operation,
the direction of the sight line is returned to the original
reference height (the height corresponding to the avatar
viewpoint).
In step S60, if the button 217 has been found operated, then, in
step S71, the processing for moving the avatar to the left is
executed. In step S61, if the button 218 has been found operated,
then, in step S72, the processing for moving the avatar to the
right is executed. In this case, the avatar moves to the left or to
the right while looking forward. This is a difference from the
operation of the button 213 or 214, in which the sight line
swivels.
Thus, when the button 211 is operated in the state shown in FIG. 27
for example, an image in which the avatar gradually approaches the
child clown is obtained. This clown is a child and therefore is
small in stature, so that approaching this child clown to a certain
degree results in an image shown in FIG. 30 for example. Namely, an
image in which only the head of the child is shown is obtained. So,
directing the sight line downward at that point by operating the
button 220 for example provides an image in which the entire
stature of the child clown is shown as shown in FIG. 31.
Further, as schematically shown in FIG. 32 for example, if the
sight line 402 of the avatar 401 is directed upward by operating
the button 219 and then the button 211 is operated, the avatar 401
moves forward (regardless of the sight line direction 402) in the
direction 403 without being raised from the ground. Therefore, in
this case, when viewed from the viewpoint of the avatar 401, an
image in which as if the avatar is walking looking up is
obtained.
The following describes an actual processing method of changing
above-mentioned the viewpoint position and sight line direction of
the user in a three-dimensional virtual reality space.
According to VRML 2.0 (The Virtual Reality Modeling Language
Specification Version 2.0) published on Aug. 4, 1996 as a file
format for describing an interactive three-dimensional virtual
reality space and object, any viewpoint position of a user in a
three-dimensional virtual reality space can be specified by
changing the value of a position field of a viewpoint node, one of
bindable nodes. Therefore, the processing operations of steps S55
through S61 and steps S65 through S72 of FIG. 28 are implemented by
appropriately changing the value of the position field of the
viewpoint node according to the operations of the buttons 211
through 218 by the user.
Also, any sight line direction of the user in the three-dimensional
can be specified by appropriately changing the value of an
orientation field of the viewpoint node. Therefore, the processing
operations of steps S51 and S52 and steps S62 and S63 are
implemented by appropriately changing the value of the orientation
field of the viewpoint node according to the operations of the
buttons 219 and 220 by the user.
For more details of the method of describing this node, refer to
URL=http://www.vrml.org/Specifications/VMRL2.0/FINAL/spec/part1/nodesRef.h
tml.
It should be noted that, actually, operating the button 211 causes
the avatar to move into the depth of the screen; but for the
convenience of description, the avatar moves laterally (to the
left) in FIG. 32.
So far, the present invention has been described by using the
Internet for the network 15 and by using the case in which WWW is
used. It will be apparent that the present invention can also be
implemented by using a wide band communication network other then
the Internet or by using a system other than WWW.
As described and according to the three-dimensional virtual reality
space display processing apparatus described in claim 1, the
three-dimensional virtual reality space display processing method
described in claim 5, and the information providing medium
described in claim 6, the display of a virtual reality space viewed
from the viewpoint of an avatar can be made to look more natural
with reference to the ground level (horizontal plane) in the real
space. Moreover, the novel constitution allows observation of an
object in a three-dimensional virtual reality space from a desired
direction (viewpoint position) and from a desired height (sight
line direction).
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been
described using specific terms, such description is for
illustrative purposes only, and it is to be understood that changes
and variations may be made without departing from the spirit or
scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *
References