U.S. patent number 5,819,084 [Application Number 08/827,845] was granted by the patent office on 1998-10-06 for co-presence data retrieval system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ubique Ltd.. Invention is credited to Yosef Mass, Ariel Sella, Ehud Shapiro.
United States Patent |
5,819,084 |
Shapiro , et al. |
October 6, 1998 |
Co-presence data retrieval system
Abstract
A data retrieval system includes a data server which retrieves a
data object from a data repository and a system for associating a
virtual place with a retrieved data object. The virtual place
provides co-presence to users which access the retrieved data
object. A method for upgrading a data retrieval system comprised of
a data server capable of retrieving data objects from a data
repository and a plurality of data-retrieval clients is aLso
described. The method includes the steps of adding a co-presence
server comprising at least one virtual place associated with one of
said data objects and upgrading at least two of said data-retrieval
clients with the following abilities: a) the ability to open a
separate communication channel with said co-presence server; b) the
ability to map retrieved data objects to said virtual places; c)
the ability to display co-presence information; d) the ability to
enable users to communicate; and e) the ability to notify said
co-presence server when said data-retrieval client is
terminated.
Inventors: |
Shapiro; Ehud (Rehovot,
IL), Mass; Yosef (Ramat Gan, IL), Sella;
Ariel (Tel Aviv, IL) |
Assignee: |
Ubique Ltd. (Rehovot,
IL)
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Family
ID: |
22888926 |
Appl.
No.: |
08/827,845 |
Filed: |
April 11, 1997 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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236293 |
May 2, 1994 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1; 709/205;
707/999.01; 707/E17.01 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F
16/10 (20190101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06F
17/00 (20060101); G06F 17/30 (20060101); G06F
017/30 () |
Field of
Search: |
;395/600,425,1,610,614,200.04,200.08,200.12,682,683,685 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Black; Thomas G.
Assistant Examiner: Von Buhr; M. N.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Skjerven, Morrill, MacPherson,
Franklin & Friel
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No.
08/236,293, filed May 2, 1994 now abandoned.
Claims
We claim:
1. A data retrieval system comprising:
a data server for retrieving at least a plurality of data objects
from a data repository;
means for generating one virtual place per data object retrieved
from said data server and for associating each virtual place with
its data object once its data object is accessed; and
means for providing each virtual place with co-presence for at
least two users that access the retrieved data object associated
with each virtual place; and
means responsive to said co-presence at said virtual place, for
placing said at least two users that access said retrieved data
object associated with said virtual place in communication with
each other.
2. A data retrieval system according to claim 1 and wherein said
means for generating comprises:
a co-presence server comprising at least one virtual place; and
at least two co-presence data-retrieval clients for communicating
at least with said data server and with said co-presence server,
each including object association means for associating a data
object received from said data server with one of said at least one
virtual places in said co-presence server.
3. A data retrieval system according to claim 2 and wherein said
co-presence server comprises a changing plurality of place
processes, one for each virtual place, and a managing process for
providing communication from said co-presence data retrieval
clients to said place processes.
4. A data retrieval system according to claim 2 and wherein said
object association means comprises means for moving to a new
virtual place.
5. A data retrieval system according to claim 1 and wherein said
means for generating comprises:
a co-presence server comprising at least one virtual place which
communicates with said data server; and
at least two co-presence data-retrieval clients for communicating
with said co-presence server, each including object association
means for associating a data object received from said co-presence
server with one of said at least one virtual places in said
co-presence server.
6. A data retrieval system according to claim 5 and wherein said
co-presence server comprises a changing plurality of place
processes, one for each virtual place, and a managing process for
providing communication from said co-presence data retrieval
clients to said place processes.
7. A data retrieval system according to claim 5 and wherein said
object association means comprises means for moving to a new
virtual place.
8. A method for upgrading a data-retrieval system comprised of a
data repository having data objects stored therein, a data server
which retrieves the data objects from the data repository and a
plurality of data-retrieval clients, the method comprising the
steps of:
adding a co-presence server comprising at least one virtual place
associated with one of said data objects; and
upgrading at least two of said data-retrieval clients corresponding
to at least two open with a system comprising:
means for opening a separate communication channel with said
co-presence server;
means for mapping retrieved data objects to said virtual
places;
means for displaying co-presence information;
means for enabling co-present users to communicate when said users
have co-presence; and
means for notifying said co-presence server when said
data-retrieval client is terminated.
9. A method for upgrading a data retrieval system comprised of a
data server which retrieves the data objects from a data repository
and a plurality of data-retrieval clients, the method comprising
the steps of:
adding a co-presence server comprising at least one virtual place
associated with one of said data objects; and
upgrading at least two of said data-retrieval clients corresponding
to at least two users with a system comprising:
means for opening a separate communication channel with said
co-presence server;
means for mapping retrieved data objects to said virtual
places;
means for displaying co-presence information;
means for enabling co-present users to communicate when said users
have co-presence; and
means for notifying said co-presence server when said
data-retrieval client is terminated.
10. A device for providing a communication channel associated with
a data object retrieved from a data server, the device
comprising:
a co-presence server comprising at least one virtual place
associated with said data object;
at least two co-presence data-retrieval clients for communicating
at least with said data server and with said co-presence server,
each data retrieval client comprising:
object association means for generating a virtual place for said
data object said data server and for associating each virtual place
with its data object once its data object is accessed; and
means associated with said at least one virtual place and
responsive to said at least two co-presence data-retrieval clients
communicating at least with said data server and with said
co-presence server, for enabling communication between said at
least two data-retrieval clients that are associated with said at
least one virtual place.
11. A device according to claim 10 and wherein said co-presence
server comprises a changing plurality of place processes, one for
each virtual place, and a managing process for providing
communication from said co-presence data retrieval clients to said
place processes.
12. A device according to claim 10 and wherein said object
association means comprises means for moving to a new virtual
place.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein said means for placing said at
least two users in communication with each other additionally
includes,
means for detecting when at least one user terminates said
co-presence; and
means for terminating communication with said non co-present
user.
14. A data retrieval system comprising:
a data server for retrieving at least a plurality of data objects
from a data repository;
means for generating one communication object place per data object
retrieved from said data server and for associating each
communication object with its data object once its data object is
accessed;
means for providing each virtual place with co-presence for at
least two users that access the retrieved data object associated
with each virtual place; and
means responsive to said co-presence at said virtual place, for
placing said at least two users that access said retrieved data
object associated with said communication object in communication
with each other.
15. A data retrieval system according to claim 14 and wherein said
means for generating comprises:
a co-presence server comprising at least one communication object;
and
at least two co-presence data retrieval clients for communicating
at least with said data server and with said co-presence server,
each including object association means for associating a data
object received from said data server with one of said at least one
communication objects in said co-presence server.
16. A data retrieval system according to claim 15 and wherein said
co-presence server comprises a changing plurality of object
processes, one for each communication object, and a managing
process for providing communication from said co-presence data
retrieval clients to said object processes.
17. A data retrieval system according to claim 15 and wherein said
object association means comprises means for moving to a new
communication object.
18. A data retrieval system according to claim 14 and wherein said
means for generating comprises:
a co-presence server comprising at least one virtual place which
communicates with said data server; and
at least two co-presence data retrieval clients for communicating
with said co-presence server, each including object association
means for associating a data object received from said co-presence
server with one of said at least one virtual places in said
co-presence server.
19. A data retrieval system according to claim 18 end wherein said
co-presence server comprises a changing plurality of object
processes, one for each communication object, and a managing
process for providing communication from said co-presence data
retrieval clients to said place processes.
20. A data retrieval system according to claim 18 and wherein said
object association means comprises means for moving to a new
virtual place.
21. A method for accessing data comprising the steps of:
retrieving at least a plurality of data objects from a data
repository;
generating one communication object per data object retrieved from
said data server;
associating each communication object with its data object once its
data object is accessed;
providing each communication object with co-presence for at least
two users that access the retrieved data object associated with
each communication object; and
placing said at least two users that access said retrieved data
object associated with said communication object in communication
with each other.
22. A method according to claim 21 and wherein said communication
object is a virtual place.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to data retrieval systems generally
and to data retrieval systems with co-presence mechanisms in
particular.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Data retrieval systems are known in the art. A typical one is shown
in FIG. 1 to which reference is now made. Data retrieval systems
typically consist of a data server 10 and multiple data-retrieval
clients 12 which are typically separate computers. Upon command of
a data-retrieval client 12, the data server 10 accesses a data
repository 14, or database, that contains data objects 16 therein.
Data objects 16 are typically files of information. The
data-retrieval clients 12 also communicate with a user 17,
typically through an interactive display 18.
A typical data retrieval operation, depicted in FIG. 2 to which
reference is now made, proceeds as follows: upon receipt of an
instruction (arrow 1) from the user 17 to retrieve a certain data
object 16, the data-retrieval client 12 sends (arrow 2) a request
to the data server 10 on which the object resides. The data server
10 retrieves the requested data object 16 (arrow 3) from the data
repository 14 and sends the object 16 back (arrow 4) to the
data-retrieval client 12. The data-retrieval client 12 then
displays (arrow 5) the retrieved data object 16 to the user 17.
Additional features incorporated in a data retrieval system may
include a data-management mechanism that allows a data-retrieval
client 12 to create a new data object 16, to modify a retrieved
data object 16 and to send the created or modified data object 16
back to the data server 10 for storage in the data repository 14,
and a permission mechanism that allows the server 10 to approve or
deny certain client requests.
Examples of data retrieval systems, some of which include the
additional features, include the file transfer protocol (FTP),
hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), Gopher and network file systems
(NFS) standards, network news servers (NNTP), DEC Notes of Digital
Electric Corporation of the USA, Lotus Notes of Lotus Inc. of the
U.S.A., Novell NetWare of Novell Inc. of the U.S.A., and the
relational database management systems (RDBMS) such as those
manufactured by Oracle, Sybase, and Informix, all of the U.S.A.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide data retrieval
systems with a co-presence mechanism with which two or more users,
who retrieve the same data object at the same time, can become
aware of each other and consequently to communicate with each other
in real time. The data retrieval system enables a user who accesses
a certain document to discuss it, in real-time, with others who
might happen to access the document at the same time.
"Co-presence" is the capability to enable two or more users to be
"present" at a "virtual" place. For example, COLLAGE, developed by
the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the
University of Illinois, is a client-server package that supports
co-presence over a shared whiteboard. A user copies a data object
from a data server to an existing COLLAGE session and then
manipulates the data object in the COLLAGE session. Other users
which join the COLLAGE session can also manipulate the data object;
however, in order to join the session, the users need to know the
collage session address in advance.
The Internet Relay Chat is a real-time, Internet-wide, multi-party,
text-based interaction tool. It allows people to interact in
real-time about a subject of their choice, and to join and leave
virtual "channels" devoted to specific topics.
Multiple-User Dungeons (MUDs) is a family of multi-player
interactive games which provide a notion of interconnected places,
wherein each place may contain objects and passages to other
places. Players can go from one place to another, communicate with
"co-present" players, and interact with the objects in the
place.
These co-present systems provide virtual places at which people can
communicate. However, the co-presence is not data-related, or
created in conjunction with retrieval of a data object, as is
provided in the present invention.
There is therefore provided, in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention, a data retrieval system which
includes a data server which retrieves a data object from a data
repository and a system for associating a virtual place with a
retrieved data object. The virtual place provides co-presence to
users which access the retrieved data object.
Additionally, in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the
present invention, the system for associating includes a
co-presence server and at least two co-presence data-retrieval
clients capable of communicating with the data server and with the
co-presence server. The co-presence server includes at least one
virtual place associated with one of the data objects. The data
retrieval clients include object association apparatus and
co-presence apparatus. The object association apparatus associates
a data object received from the data server with one of the virtual
places in the co-presence server. The co-presence apparatus
provides communication with other users associated with the
associated virtual place.
Alternatively, in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of
the present invention, the system for associating also includes a
co-presence server and at least two co-presence data-retrieval
clients. In this embodiment, the co-presence server is capable of
communicating with the data server and the co-presence
data-retrieval clients communicate only with the co-presence
server. The object association apparatus of the co-presence
data-retrieval clients associates a data object received from the
co-presence server with one of the virtual places in the
co-presence server. The co-presence apparatus provides
communication with other users associated with the associated
virtual place.
Moreover, in accordance with both preferred embodiments of the
present invention, the co-presence server includes a changing
plurality of place processes, one for each virtual place, and a
managing process for providing communication from the co-presence
data retrieval clients to the place processes.
Furthermore, in accordance with both preferred embodiments of the
present invention, the object association apparatus includes
apparatus for moving to a new virtual place.
Finally, there is also provided, in accordance with a third
preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for
upgrading a data retrieval system comprised of a data server
capable of retrieving data objects from a data repository and a
plurality of data-retrieval clients. The method includes the steps
of a) adding a co-presence server comprising at least one virtual
place associated with one of the data objects and b) upgrading at
least two of the data-retrieval clients with the following
abilities:
the ability to open a separate communication channel with the
co-presence server;
the ability to map retrieved data objects to the virtual
places;
the ability to display co-presence information;
the ability to enable users to communicate; and
the ability to notify the co-presence server when the
data-retrieval client is terminated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be understood and appreciated more fully
from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with
the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a prior art data retrieval
system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of one prior art data retrieval
operation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a data retrieval system with
a co-presence server, constructed and operative in accordance with
a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a co-present data retrieval
operation; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an alternative embodiment of
a co-present data-retrieval system and its operation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference is now made to FIGS. 3 and 4 which illustrate the
data-retrieval system of the present invention. The system of the
present invention typically comprises data server 10 and data
repository 14 as in the prior art. It also comprises, in accordance
with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a co-presence
server 20 and a multiplicity of co-presence data-retrieval clients
22 each communicating with data server 10, co-presence server 20,
and, through the associated display 18, with a user 17.
As in the prior art, each data-retrieval client 22 requests a data
object 16 through the data server 10 which retrieves the requested
data object 16 from the data repository 14. In addition, in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at
the same time, the co-presence data-retrieval client 22 also
informs the co-presence server 20 that it has retrieved a specific
data object 16, for example object 16a. In response, the
co-presence server 20 adds the data-retrieval client 22 to a
virtual place 24 associated with the retrieved data object 16a.
Client 22 associates virtual places 24a-24c with retrieved data
objects 16a-16c.
For the purposes of clarity of discussion, we will state that the
co-presence server 20 maintains a virtual place 24 for each data
object 16 stored in the data server 10. It will be appreciated that
the co-presence server 20 can also create a virtual place 24 on
demand, when the first user becomes present at the data object 16,
and can remove the virtual place 24 when no one is present.
All users which access a data object 16 via data-retrieval client
22 are added to the virtual place 24 associated with the data
object 16 that they accessed. In addition, co-presence server 20
provides each virtual place 24 with inter-user communication
capabilities such that any user which accesses a data object 16 can
communicate, if he so desires, with the other users which are
currently utilizing the same data object 16. The co-presence server
20 allows a user 17 who is present at a data object 16 to become
aware of other co-present users 17 and provides a means for
co-present users 17 to communicate with each other in real time.
The communication between users 17 can also be client-to-client if
communication through the co-presence server 20 is slow.
The co-presence server 20 essentially turns each data object into a
virtual place where users 17 can meet to view the data object 16,
to modify it, and to discuss it. For example, if a data server 10
contains user manuals for a certain product, then it might be
useful for the product's vendor to place a help-desk person at the
virtual place, or places, associated with the user manuals. The
help-desk person can then assist, in real-time, those users who
access the user manuals, if they need additional assistance or have
difficulties "finding their way" through the product's
documentation.
The co-presence server 20 and the co-presence data-retrieval client
22 follow a co-presence protocol which is illustrated with arrows
31-38 of FIG. 4.
A user 17 retrieves a data object 16d from a certain data server 10
in accordance with the protocol described in the prior art (arrows
31-35, similar to arrows 1-5 of FIG. 2). At the same time, the
co-presence data-retrieval client 22 sends (arrow 36) a message to
virtual place 24d within the co-presence server 20 which is
associated with the data object 16d, to the effect that the user
has accessed the data object 16d. (Typically, the data objects 16
have well-defined names on the data server 10. Clients 22 utilize
the same or corresponding names to identify the corresponding
virtual places 24). The virtual place 24d then adds (step 37) the
user to the list of co-present users, and sends a message (arrow
38) to that effect to all co-present users, including to the user
which just joined the virtual place 24d.
When a user 17 present at a data object 16 wishes to send a message
to selected ones of the co-present users 17, the first user 17
sends a message to that effect, via co-presence data-retrieval
client 22 and the co-presence server 20, to the associated virtual
place 24 which, in turn, relays the message to the selected users
17 present at the data object 16.
When a user 17 ceases to be present at a data object 16 (either due
to the retrieval of another data object 16 from the same or another
data server 10 or due to closure of its co-presence data-retrieval
client 22), the co-presence data-retrieval client 22 sends a
message (arrow 36) to that effect to the virtual place 24 which, in
turn, deletes the user 17 from the list of co-present users.
Virtual place 24 then sends a message (arrow 38) to all remaining
co-present users 17 notifying them of the event.
The co-presence protocol can be described by the operations
performed by the co-presence data-retrieval client 22 and by the
co-presence server 20 and virtual place 24. The following
pseudocode describes the protocol:
For the client 22 of user U:
Assume user U already has document D1 from server S1.
When user U requests document D2 from server S2:
1. Attempt to retrieve document D2 from server S2;
2. If the retrieval is successful, send the following message to
the virtual place P(D1) in co-presence server C(S1) corresponding
to document D1: "U left for virtual place D2 in server S2".
When user U requests to say text T:
send the message "U said T" to the co-presence server C(S2).
Upon receipt of message "User V entered (or left) for (from)
virtual place P(Dj) in server Sk":
display to user U the current list of users in the virtual
place.
Upon receipt of the message "V said T":
display to user U the message "V said T".
For the virtual place P(Di) on co-presence server C(Si)
Let the set of co-present users be CP:
Upon receipt of message "U left for virtual place P(Dj) in server
Sk:
1. Delete user U from the set CP of co-present users
2. Send to every remaining user V in CP the message: "U left for
virtual place P(Dj) in server Sk
Upon receipt of the message "U entered from virtual place P(Dj) in
server Sk:
1. Add user U to the set CP of co-present users
2. Send to every user V in the set CP of co-present users the
message "U entered from virtual place P(Dj) in server Sk.
Upon receipt of message "U said T"
Send the message "U said T" to every user in the set CP of
co-present users,
The co-presence server 20 can be implemented in any way which
provides co-presence. In one embodiment, the co-presence server 20
is implemented as a Unix process, executing a concurrent
programming language called flat concurrent Prolog (FCP). Using an
FCP internal light-weight process mechanism, as described in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,222,221 to Houri et al. which is hereby incorporated by
reference, each virtual place 24 can be implemented as a place
process, each formed of a collection of FCP processes. Each FCP
process obeys the co-presence protocol described hereinabove.
The co-presence server 20 receives communications on a pre-assigned
and published port whose identity is incorporated in the
co-presence data-retrieval client 22. The co-presence server 20
typically receives messages from the co-presence data-retrieval
clients 22 and provides them to the appropriate virtual place 24.
In addition, if desired, the managing Unix process (the co-presence
server 20) can also create a featherweight process (virtual place
24) whenever a first user accesses a data object 16 and can remove
a process whenever there cease to be users co-present at the
relevant virtual place 24.
It will be appreciated that, because communication with the
co-presence server 20 is separate from the data-retrieval
operations, the data-retrieval system of the present invention can
operate with standard data-retrieval clients 12 which do not have
any co-presence capability.
It will further be appreciated that the system of the present
invention can easily be created from an existing prior art
data-retrieval system. The upgrading process involves adding a
co-presence server 20, as described hereinabove, and modifying the
data-retrieval clients 12 to become co-presence data-retrieval
clients 22 through the addition of the following capabilities:
a) the ability to open an additional communication channel with the
co-presence server 20;
b) the ability to map data objects 16 to virtual places 24;
c) the ability to display co-presence information;
d) the ability to enable users 17 to communicate in real time;
and
e) the ability to notify the co-presence server 20 when the client
22 is terminated or closed down.
It will be appreciated that data-retrieval clients which have not
been upgraded can still operate within the data-retrieval system of
FIGS. 3 and 4.
Reference is now made to FIG. 5 which illustrates an alternative
embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the
data-retrieval system comprises the same elements but they are
configured in a different manner. Specifically, the data-retrieval
system comprises co-presence data-retrieval clients, labeled 40,
and a co-presence data-retrieval server 42, as well as data server
10 and data repository 14 as in the prior art.
In this alternative embodiment, the co-presence data-retrieval
clients 40 communicate only with the co-presence data-retrieval
server 42, providing to it their data retrieval requests, which the
server 42, in turn, passes to the data server 10, and their
co-presence communication. The co-presence data-retrieval server 42
includes virtual places 44. There can also be many servers 42, each
of which handles data retrieval requests for its associated data
server 10.
The following is a pseudo code describing the protocol between
clients 40 and server 42:
For client 42 of user U:
Assume user currently has document D1 in server S1.
When user requests document D2 from server S2:
1. Send message "U requests to enter from place P(D1) in server S1"
to place P(D2) in co-presence server C(S2)
2. If data-retrieval is successful, send the message "U Left for
place P(D2) in server S2" to place P(D1) in co-presence server
C(S1)
When user U requests to say text T:
Send the message "U said T" to the co-presence server C(S2)
Upon receipt of message "V entered (left) for (from) place Dj in
server Si":
Display to the user U the current co-present users in the place
P(Dj)
Upon receipt of message "V said T":
Display to the user U the message from user V.
For the virtual place P(Di) on co-presence server C(Si)
Let the set of co-present users be CP:
Upon receipt of message "U left for virtual place P(Dj) in server
Sk":
1. Delete user U from the set CP of co-present users
2. Send to every remaining user V in CP the message: "U left for
virtual place P(Dj) in server Si"
Upon receipt of the message "U requests to enter from virtual place
P(Dj) in server Sk":
1. Attempt to retrieve data from data server 10
2. If successful:
a. Send the data to client 42 of user U
b. Add user U to the set CP of co-present users
c. Send to every user V in the set CP of co-present users the
message "U entered from virtual place P(Di) in server Si".
Upon receipt of message "U said T"
Send the message "U said T" to every user in the set CP of
co-present users.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the
present invention is not limited to what has been particularly
shown and described hereinabove. Rather the scope of the present
invention is defined by the claims which follow:
* * * * *