U.S. patent number 5,729,071 [Application Number 08/568,966] was granted by the patent office on 1998-03-17 for low cost multi-pole motor constructions and methods of manufacture.
Invention is credited to Robert E. Steiner.
United States Patent |
5,729,071 |
Steiner |
March 17, 1998 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Low cost multi-pole motor constructions and methods of
manufacture
Abstract
Low cost multi-pole motor constructions and related methods of
manufacture are disclosed. The economic advantages inherent in the
construction and manufacture of C-frame motors, including modified
and improved C-frame or twin bobbin motor constructions, have been
applied to a variety of different kinds of motors including two
pole, four pole and six pole permanent split capacitor motors; four
pole, six pole, and eight pole shaded pole motors; stepper motors;
multi-pole switched reluctance motors including two pole, four
pole, six pole, and other multi-pole switched reluctance motors; as
well as various other types of multi-pole motors. Such modified and
improved C-frame motor constructions include the mounting of
electrically conductive coils on at least one pair of adjacent and
spaced side legs on one or both sides of a multi-pole central
portion. Related methods for manufacturing laminations used in such
motors from an elongated strip of material are also disclosed.
Inventors: |
Steiner; Robert E.
(Chesterfield, MO) |
Family
ID: |
24273515 |
Appl.
No.: |
08/568,966 |
Filed: |
December 7, 1995 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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381187 |
Jan 31, 1995 |
5619086 |
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381188 |
Jan 31, 1995 |
5627424 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
310/216.022;
310/172; 310/184 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02K
1/14 (20130101); H02K 1/141 (20130101); H02K
1/143 (20130101); H02K 1/148 (20130101); H02K
3/524 (20130101); H02K 15/022 (20130101); H02K
17/08 (20130101); H02K 17/10 (20130101); H02K
19/103 (20130101); H02K 37/04 (20130101); H02K
3/18 (20130101); H02K 15/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H02K
3/52 (20060101); H02K 3/46 (20060101); H02K
37/02 (20060101); H02K 37/04 (20060101); H02K
19/02 (20060101); H02K 15/04 (20060101); H02K
1/14 (20060101); H02K 17/08 (20060101); H02K
17/10 (20060101); H02K 15/02 (20060101); H02K
17/02 (20060101); H02K 19/10 (20060101); H02K
3/18 (20060101); H02K 001/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;310/254,172,216,258,218,171,180,184,187,193,259
;29/603.23,603.24,606,894.2 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Dougherty; Thomas M.
Assistant Examiner: Link; Jonathan
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Polster, Lieder, Woodruff,
Lucchesi, L.L.C.
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a continuation-in-part of the following patent
applications: U.S. Ser. No. 03/381,187 filed Jan. 31, 1995,
entitled TWIN BOBBIN C-FRAME MOTORS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME,
now U.S. Pat. No. 5,619,086 and U.S. Ser. No. 08/381,188 filed Jan.
31, 1995, entitled TWIN BOBBIN FOUR POLE MOTORS AND METHODS FOR
MAKING SAME, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,424.
Claims
I claim:
1. A motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having a one-piece
multi-pole central portion with a rotor opening and at least three
spaced pairs of adjacent side legs extending outwardly from
circumferentially spaced areas of said central portion, each side
leg of the spaced pairs of adjacent side legs being connected at
one end to one circumferentially spaced area of the central portion
and terminating in an outer free extremity at a second end, the
combined stacked laminations providing at least three spaced pairs
of stacked adjacent side legs in circumferentially spaced areas of
stacked central portions with aligned rotor openings for receiving
a rotor, the first end of each of said stacked adjacent side legs
at its associated circumferentially spaced area around the central
portion having a different polarity from the first end of each
stacked adjacent side leg in order to provide an alternating
polarity of poles around the central portion, the second end of
each stacked adjacent side leg having a different polarity than its
first end;
each side leg of the stacked adjacent side legs having a combined
predetermined outer cross sectional coil winding area;
an electrically conductive coil operably positioned relative to the
coil winding area of at least three of the stacked adjacent side
legs; and
separate magnetically conductive stacked laminations for attachment
to the outer free extremities of the stacked adjacent side
legs.
2. The motor as defined in claim 1 wherein the stacked adjacent
side legs extend from generally opposite areas of said central
portion.
3. The motor as defined in claim 2 including an electrically
conductive coil positioned about each side leg of at least two
stacked pairs of adjacent side legs.
4. The motor as defined in claim 3 including pole shading elements
positioned in openings surrounding said rotor opening to form a
shaded pole motor.
5. The motor as defined in claim 3 including a rotor having poles
circumferentially offset from the multi-pole central portion at
predetermined circumferentially spaced positions to form a switched
reluctance motor.
6. The motor as defined in claim 2 wherein said motor is a two pole
permanent split capacitor motor which includes an electrically
conductive first coil positioned about one pair of stacked adjacent
side legs on one side of said central portion and electrically
conductive second coils are positioned about each side leg of one
pair of stacked adjacent side legs on the opposite side of said
central portion, said first coil being connected to said second
coils and one of said first coil or said second coils being
connected to a capacitor to form said motor.
7. The motor as defined in claim 6 wherein the first coil is a main
coil and said second coils are auxiliary coils.
8. The motor as defined in claim 6 wherein the first coil is an
auxiliary coil and said second coils are main coils.
9. The motor as defined in claim 1 where at least one of the
separate magnetically conductive stacked laminations has a U-shape
with spaced legs for attachment to at least one pair of stacked
adjacent side legs.
10. The motor as defined in claim 1 wherein two of the at least
three pair of stacked adjacent side legs extend from generally
opposite areas of said central portion.
11. The motor as defined in claim 10 wherein at least one
additional pair of stacked adjacent side legs extends from sad
central portion generally intermediate said generally opposite
areas of said central portion.
12. The motor as defined in claim 10 wherein the at least three
pairs of slacked adjacent side legs are generally equidistantly
spaced from one another about said central portion.
13. The motor as defined in claim 10 wherein said motor is a four
pole permanent split capacitor motor which includes an electrically
conductive main coil and an electrically conductive auxiliary coil
alternatively positioned about each side leg of two spaced pairs of
adjacent stacked side legs on opposite sides of said central
portion, each main coil being connected to one another, each
auxiliary coil being connected to one another, and the auxiliary
coils being connected in series with a capacitor to form said
motor.
14. The motor as defined in claim 10 wherein said motor is an eight
pole shaded pole motor which includes an electrically conductive
coil positioned about each stacked adjacent side leg of two
adjacent pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on opposite sides of
said central portion, and separate magnetic conductive stacked end
laminations for attachment to the outer free extremities of
adjacent pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on opposite sides of
said central portion.
15. The motor as defined in claim 10 wherein said motor is a four
pole stepper motor which includes an electrically conductive coil
positioned about each side leg of a plurality stacked adjacent side
legs on opposite sides of an eight pole central portion, separate
magnetic conductive stacked end laminations for attachment to the
outer free extremities of the plurality of adjacent pairs of
stacked adjacent side legs on opposite sides of said central
portion, the aligned rotor openings having a circumferential series
of aligned inwardly directed teeth which cooperate with a permanent
magnet rotor having outwardly directed teeth offset by one tooth on
opposite ends of the rotor, and four alternate coils of the eight
coils on opposite sides of the central portion being connected to
one phase of a two phase power source and the other alternate four
coils being connected to the other phase of the two phase power
source.
16. The motor as defined in claim 1 wherein said motor is a six
pole motor which includes an electrically conductive coil
positioned about each side leg of three pairs of stacked adjacent
side legs circumferentially spaced around said central portion.
17. The motor as defined in claim 16 wherein said six pole motor is
a six pole shaded pole motor.
18. The motor as defined in claim 16 wherein said six pole motor is
a six pole switched reluctance motor including a six pole central
portion and a five pole rotor.
19. The motor as defined in claim 1 wherein said motor is a six
pole motor which includes an electrically conductive coil
positioned about at least one side leg in each pair of the three
pairs of stacked adjacent side legs circumferentially spaced around
said central portion.
20. The motor as defined in claim 1 wherein said motor is a six
pole motor having three circumferentially spaced pairs of stacked
adjacent side legs and an electrically conductive coil is
positioned about the separate magnetically conductive stacked
laminations that are attached to the outer free extremities of each
stacked adjacent side leg in each pair of stacked adjacent side
legs.
21. The motor as defined in claim 1 wherein said motor is a six
pole permanent split capacitor motor which includes an electrically
conductive coil positioned about each side leg of four stacked
adjacent side legs in each of three circumferentially spaced groups
off our stacked spaced side legs, said coils being connected to one
another as main coils and auxiliary coils and a capacitor being
connected to said auxiliary coils to form said motor.
22. A two pole permanent split capacitor motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having a two pole
central portion with a rotor opening for receiving a rotor and two
spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on one side of said
central portion and one spaced pair of stacked adjacent side legs
on the other side of said central portion;
an electrically conductive first coil positioned about one spaced
pair of the two spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on one
side of said central portion;
an electrically conductive second coil positioned about each of the
stacked adjacent side, legs of said spaced pair of side legs on the
other side of said central portion;
the first and second electrically conductive coils being connected
to the two pole central portion to provide two sets of alternating
polarity poles extending around the two pole central portion:
said first coil being connected to each of said second coils and
one of said first coil or said second coils being connected to a
capacitor; and
separate magnetically conductive stacked end laminations for
attachment to an other free extremity of each spaced pair of side
legs on both sides of said central portion.
23. The two pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 22 wherein the one spaced pair of stacked adjacent side legs
on one side of said two pole central portion are each approximately
twice the width of individual side legs forming the two spaced
pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on the other side of said two
pole central portion.
24. The two pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 22 wherein the first coil has generally the same amount of
coil windings as the two second coils.
25. The two pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 22 wherein the two outermost spaced stacked adjacent side
legs are both spaced from said two innermost spaced stacked
adjacent side legs as well as being spaced from one pole of the two
pole central portion.
26. The two pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 22 wherein the first coil is a main coil and said second
coils are auxiliary coils.
27. The two pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 22 wherein the first coil is an auxiliary coil and said
second coils are main coils.
28. A four pole permanent split capacitor motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having a four pole
central portion with a rotor opening for receiving a rotor and two
spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on each side of said
central portion;
an electrically conductive main coil positioned about one stacked
adjacent side leg and an electrically conductive auxiliary coil
positioned about said other stacked adjacent side leg in each pair
of smoked adjacent side legs of the two spaced pairs of stacked
adjacent side legs on each side of said central portion;
the main and auxiliary coils being connected to the four pole
central portion to provide two sets of alternating polarity poles
extending around the four pole central portion;
each main coil in each pair of stacked adjacent side legs being
connected to one another and each auxiliary coil in each pair of
stacked adjacent side legs being connected to one another and to a
capacitor; and
separate magnetically conductive stacked end laminations for
attachment to an outer free extremity of said two spaced pairs of
stacked adjacent side legs on each side of said central
portion.
29. The four pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 28 wherein each end lamination has a double U-shape with four
spaced legs for attachment to the two spaced pairs of stacked
adjacent side legs on each side of the central portion.
30. The four pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 28 wherein the two spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs
on opposite sides of said four pole central portion extend from
generally equal circumferentially spaced areas around the four pole
central portion.
31. The four pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 28 wherein the two spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs
on each side of said four pole central portion include two
innermost side legs and two outermost side legs, the two innermost
side legs extending generally laterally away from the four pole
central portion in parallel relationship to one another while the
two outermost legs extend first generally transverse to said
innermost legs and then extend in generally parallel relationship
to said innermost legs.
32. The four pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 28 where in the two outermost legs receive electrically
conductive coils of different length and different mount of coil
windings than the two innermost legs.
33. A six pole permanent spat capacitor motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked side laminations each having a six
pole central portion with a rotor opening for receiving a rotor and
three circumferentially spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side
legs;
an electrically conductive coil positioned about each stacked
adjacent side leg of said three circumferentially spaced pair of
stacked adjacent side legs;
the coils being connected to the six pole central portion to
provide two sets of alternating polarity poles extending about the
six pole central portion:
said electrically conductive coils being connected to one another
as main coils and auxiliary coils with said auxiliary coils being
connected to a capacitor; and
separate magnetically conductive stacked end laminations for
attachment to an outer free end of each pair of smoked adjacent
side legs.
34. The six pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 33 wherein the main coils and auxiliary coils are positioned
in alternating fashion around the stacked adjacent side legs in
each pair of stacked adjacent side legs of said three
circumferentially spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs, said
main coils and auxiliary coils being connected to one another and
each auxiliary coil being connected to one another and a capacitor
to form said motor.
35. The six pole permanent split capacitor motor as defined in
claim 34 wherein there are four stacked adjacent side legs forming
three circumferentially spaced groups of four stacked spaced side
legs.
36. A multi-pole switched reluctance motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having a
multi-polo central portion with a rotor opening for receiving a
rotor and one pair of spaced side legs;
said rotor having poles circumferentially offset from the poles of
said multi-pole central portion at predetermined circumferentially
spaced positions;
an electrically conductive coil positioned about each of the spaced
and adjacent side legs of said spaced pair of side legs;
each coil being electrically connected to provide an alternating
plurality of poles extending around the multi-pole central portion;
and
separate magnetically conductive stacked end laminations for
attachment to an outer free end of said pair of spaced side
legs.
37. A two polo switched reluctance motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having a two pole
central portion with a rotor opening for receiving a rotor and one
pair of spaced side legs;
said rotor having poles circumferentially offset from the poles of
said two pole central portion at predetermined circumferentially
spaced positions;
an electrically conductive coil positioned about each of the spaced
and adjacent side legs of said spaced pair of side legs;
each coil being electrically connected to provide an alternating
plurality of poles extending around the two pole central portion;
and
separate magnetically conductive stacked end laminations for
attachment to an outer free end of said pair of spaced side
legs.
38. A four pole switched reluctance motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having a four pole
central portion with a rotor opening for receiving a rotor and one
pair of spaced side legs;
said rotor having poles circumferentially offset from the poles of
said four pole central portion at predetermined circumferentially
spaced positions;
an electrically conductive coil positioned about each of the spaced
and adjacent side legs of said spaced pair of side legs;
each coil being electrically connected to provide an alternating
plurality of poles extending around the four pole central portion;
and
separate magnetically conductive stacked end laminations for
attachment to an outer free end of said pair of spaced side
legs.
39. A six pole motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked side laminations each having a six
pole central portion with a rotor opening for receiving a rotor and
three outwardly extending circumferentially spaced pairs of stacked
adjacent side legs with each stacked adjacent side leg terminating
in an outer free end;
an electrically conductive coil positioned about each of the
stacked adjacent side legs of said three circumferentially spaced
pairs of side legs; and
separate magnetically conductive stacked end laminations for
attachment to an outer free end of each pair of stacked adjacent
side legs.
40. The six pole motor as defined in claim 39 wherein two spaced
pairs of side legs are arranged in mirror image relationship to one
another while the third pair of spaced side legs extends generally
transverse to the other two spaced pairs of side legs.
41. The six pole motor as defined in claim 39 wherein pole shading
elements are positioned in openings surrounding said rotor opening
and in proximity to the poles of said six pole central portion to
form a six pole shaded pole motor.
42. The six pole motor as defined in claim 39 wherein said six pole
motor is a switched reluctance motor.
43. The six pole motor as defined in claim 39 where the end
laminations have a U-shape with spaced legs for attachment to the
outer free end of each pair of stacked adjacent side legs.
44. An eight pole motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having an eight
pole central portion with a rotor opening for receiving a rotor and
two spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs extending outwardly
on each side of said central portion;
an electrically conductive coil positioned about each of the
stacked adjacent side legs of said two spaced pairs of stacked
adjacent side legs on each side of said central portion, each
electrical coil being electrically connected to provide an
alternating polarity of poles extending around the eight pole
central portion;
separate magnetically conductive stacked end laminations for
attachment to outer free extremities of each pair of said adjacent
pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on opposite sides of said
central portion.
45. The eight pole motor as defined in claim 44 wherein the two
spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on opposite sides of
said four pole central portion are in mirror image relationship to
one another.
46. The eight pole motor as defined in claim 44 wherein the two
spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on opposite sides of
said four pole central portion extend from generally equal
circumferentially spaced areas around the four pole central
portion.
47. The eight pole motor as defined in claim 46 wherein the two
spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on each side of said
four pole central portion include two innermost side legs and two
outermost side legs, the two innermost side legs extending
generally laterally away from the four pole central portion in
parallel relationship to one another while the two outermost legs
extend first generally transverse to said innermost legs and then
extend in generally parallel relationship to said innermost
legs.
48. The eight pole motor as defined in claim 44 wherein the two
outermost legs receive electrically conductive coils of greater
length and greater coil windings than the two innermost legs.
49. A stepper motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having a
multi-pole central portion with a rotor opening for receiving a
rotor and two spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on each
side of said central portion;
two sets of alternating polarity poles extending around the
multi-pole central portion;
an electrically conductive coil positioned about each of the
stacked adjacent side legs of said two spaced pairs of stacked
adjacent side legs on each side of said multi-pole central
portion;
separate magnetically conductive stacked end laminations for
attachment to outer free extremities of each pair of said adjacent
pairs of stacked adjacent side legs on opposite sides of said
central portion;
a circumferential series of inwardly directed teeth around each
rotor opening for cooperation with a permanent magnet rotor having
outwardly directed teeth offset by one on opposite ends; and
four alternate coils on opposite sides of the eight pole central
portion being connected to the one phase of a two phase power
source and the other alternate four coils being connected to the
other phase of the two phase power source.
50. A six pole motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having a six pole
central portion with rotor opening for receiving a rotor and three
outwardly extending circumferentially spaced pairs of spaced and
stacked adjacent side legs with each stacked adjacent side leg
terminating in an outer free end;
an electrically conductive coil positioned about each of the
stacked adjacent side legs of said three circumferentially spaced
pairs of side legs; each electrical coil being electrically
connected to provide an alternating polarity of poles extending
around the six pole central portion; and
separate magnetically conductive stacked U-shaped laminations with
spaced legs for attachment to the outer free end of each pair of
stacked adjacent side legs.
51. The six pole motor as defined in claim 50 in which the spaced
legs of the U-shaped laminations have a length greater than the
length of the stacked adjacent side legs extending from the six
pole central portion.
52. The six pole motor as defined in claim 50 in which the
circumferentially spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs are
generally equidistantly spaced from one another.
53. The six pole motor as defined in claim 50 in which pole shading
elements are positioned in openings surrounding the rotor opening
in proximity to the poles of the six pole central portion to form a
six pole shaded pole motor.
54. A six pole motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having a six pole
central portion with rotor opening for receiving a rotor and three
outwardly extending spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs with
each stacked adjacent side leg terminating in an outer free end,
the three spaced pairs of stacked adjacent side legs being
generally equidistantly spaced from one another;
an electrically conductive coil positioned about each of the
stacked adjacent side legs of said three circumferentially spaced
pairs of stacked adjacent side legs; each electrical coil being
electrically connected to provide an alternating polarity of poles
extending around the six central portion; and
separate magnetically conductive stacked U-shaped laminations with
spaced legs for attachment to the outer free end of each pair of
stacked adjacent side legs.
55. A six pole motor comprising:
magnetically conductive stacked side laminations each having a six
pole central portion with a rotor opening for receiving a rotor and
three outwardly extending circumferentially spaced pairs of spaced
and stacked adjacent side legs;
each side leg of the stacked adjacent side leg being connected at a
first end to the six pole central position and terminating in an
outer free end at a second end, the first end of each stacked
adjacent side leg having a different polarity than an adjacent
stacked side leg to provide an alternating polarity of poles around
the six pole central portion, the second end of each stacked
adjacent side leg having a different polarity than its first
end;
an electrically conductive coil positioned about each of the
stacked adjacent side legs of said three circumferentially spaced
pairs of stacked adjacent side legs;
separate magnetically conductive stacked U-shaped end laminations
with spaced legs for attachment to the outer free end of each pair
of stacked adjacent side legs; and
each of the electrically conductive coils being connected in series
with one another.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to low cost multi-pole motor
constructions and methods of manufacture, and more particularly, to
new and improved constructions and techniques in the manufacture of
a variety of different types and kinds of multi-pole motors
including shaded pole, permanent split capacitor, stepper, switch
reluctance and other types of motors.
It is well-known that the construction of and the techniques
employed in the manufacture of C-frame motors make such motors
among the most economical to produce. Unlike most motors having
circular or other endless shape stators with inwardly extending
poles that must be wound by expensive coil winding equipment in a
time consuming process, C-frame motors enable a separately wound
bobbin to be placed over an end leg which is then secured to spaced
legs in a closed stator path that includes a rotor opening. The
rotor opening receives a rotor that is driven by flux moving in the
closed flux path of the C-frame stator. Up to the present
invention; as described in my aforementioned copending patent
applications and this application, these conventional C-frame
motors have typically been limited to two pole motors.
Current four pole and other higher order multi-pole motors are
currently made with circular or other endless shaped stator rings
having inwardly directed poles that are wound with an electrically
conductive coil. These include some two pole motors, but mostly
four pole and six pole motors, including shaded pole motors,
permanent split capacitor motors, stepper motors, switch reluctance
motors and various other types of multi-pole motors, as well.
In conventional two pole C-frame motor constructions, a first stack
of magnetically conductive laminations is provided with aligned
circular-shaped rotor openings at one end and aligned U-shaped
openings at a second end. A separate elongated stack of laminations
is mounted to the first stack of laminations across the aligned
U-shaped openings of the first stack of laminations after a single
electrically conductive coil is positioned over the separate
elongated second stack of laminations to provide a closed flux
path. The second stack of laminations thus provides a coil winding
area about which an electrically conductive coil can be positioned
for introducing flux into a rotor that is received within the
aligned rotor openings of the first stack of laminations, in order
to provide a magnetic inductor circuit.
In my aforementioned patent application entitled TWIN BOBBIN
C-FRAME MOTORS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME having Ser. No.
08/381,187 filed Jan. 31, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,619,086, it has
been discovered that both of the spaced side legs of the first
stack of laminations can be usefully employed for coil winding
purposes. Specifically, if the coil winding areas of the spaced
side legs in the first stack of laminations are positioned in
proximity to the aligned rotor openings and rotor, several
important advantages can be achieved. This construction permits
electrically conductive coils to be mounted over the spaced side
legs, thus providing a greater an&or more efficient flow of
magnetic flux through the rotor of the magnetic inductor circuit.
Also, the electrically conductive wire forming the electrically
conductive coil that is positioned over each of the spaced side
legs has less than one-half the length of a single electrically
conductive coil in a conventional C-frame motor construction, and
the diameter of the electrically conductive wire can be reduced, as
well. The use of less than one-half of the length for the
electrically conductive coil mounted on each pair of spaced side
legs of the first stack of laminations is due to the greater
winding length and smaller mean winding diameter for the two
electrically conductive coils positioned on the spaced side legs,
as compared to a single electrically conductive coil in a
conventional C-frame motor construction. As a result, there is a
shorter wire length for each of the electrically conductive coils
that are positioned over one of the spaced side legs. Additionally,
there is a reduction in the diameter of the electrically conductive
wire for both electrically conductive coils. This wire diameter is
believed due to the shorter wire length of each electrically
conductive coil, the greater winding surface area of the two
electrically conductive coils and the proximate location of the
spaced electrically conductive coils on the spaced side legs of the
first stack of laminations relative to the aligned rotor openings
and rotor.
The aforementioned proximate location of the electrically
conductive coils provides a more efficient flow of magnetic flux
from the magnetic inductor circuit through the poles and into the
rotor. In some instances, the overall dimension of the motor can be
reduced to also reduce the length of the flux path, as well. In
fact, performance tests have established that motors with this
construction have a greater overall efficiency than conventional
C-frame motors of the type described above.
Both the conventional C-frame motors and my improved twin bobbin
C-frame motors described above are limited to two pole
constructions; however, as disclosed in my copending patent
application U.S. Ser. No. 08/381,188 filed Jan. 31, 1995 entitled
TWIN BOBBIN FOUR POLE MOTORS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME, now U.S.
Pat. No. 5,627,424, I have disclosed new and improved twin bobbin
four pole motor constructions, as well.
In order to understand the advantages of my twin bobbin four pole
motor construction, it is important to understand how current prior
art four pole motors are constructed. Current four pole and other
higher order multi-pole motors are typically manufactured in an
annular or other endless shaped configuration with poles
equidistantly spaced about the inner periphery of the annular or
other endless shaped element. While such current four pole and
other higher order multi-pole motors have chosen annular or other
endless shaped constructions because they produce the shortest
magnetic path in the most economical design that can be adapted to
a variety of different end uses, there are nonetheless some
inherent limitations in improving the cost and operating efficiency
of such four pole and other higher order multi-pole motors.
As compared to such prior art motors, my aforementioned copending
patent application Ser. No. 08/381,188 filed Jan. 31, 1995 entitled
TWIN BOBBIN FOUR POLE MOTORS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME, now U.S.
Pat. No. 5,627,424, discloses a twin bobbin four pole motor having
spaced pairs of legs extending from opposite sides of a four pole
central portion which includes a rotor opening for receiving a
rotor. At the free end of each of the spaced legs, an end leg is
provided to extend across such spaced legs. Bobbins are mounted
over each leg of the spaced pairs of legs on opposite sides of the
central portion prior to the attachment of the end legs.
Substantial savings are possible with such constructions as a
result of the "footprint" of such designs, as well as the amount of
material required for each electrically conductive coil wound about
an insulating bobbin. For example, an electrically conductive coil
that is positioned over each of the spaced side legs on opposite
sides of the central portion can have less than one-half the length
of a single electrically conductive coil in an equivalent magnetic
inductor circuit, and the diameter of the electrically conductive
wire can be reduced, as well, for the same reasons set forth above
in connection with twin bobbin two pole C-frame motors.
In addition to the twin bobbin two pole C-frame motors of U.S. Ser.
No. 08/381,187 filed Jan. 31, 1995 entitled TWIN BOBBIN C-FRAME
MOTORS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING SAME, now U.S. Pat. No.
5,617,086 and the twin bobbin four pole motors disclosed in U.S.
Ser. No. 08/381,188 filed Jan. 31, 1995 entitled TWIN BOBBIN FOUR
POLE MOTORS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME, now U.S. Pat. No.
5,627,424, it has been discovered that various other low cost
multi-pole motors can be made incorporating some of the principles
of my aforementioned designs, as well as including other new and
improved features which thus expands the application of this
technology to a wide range of motors. Such motors include four
pole, six pole, and eight pole shaded pole motors, two pole, four
pole, and six pole permanent split capacitor motors, stepper
motors, multi-pole switch reluctance motors including two pole,
four pole, six pole, and other multi-pole switch reluctance motors,
as well as various other types of multi-pole motors. Thus, the
advantages inherent in the construction and manufacturing of
C-flame motors, as explained above, can also be applied to many
other and different kinds of motors, as will become apparent from
the detailed discussion that follows.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Among the several objects and advantages of the present invention
include:
The provision of new and improved low cost multi-pole motors;
The provision of new and improved four pole, six pole, and eight
pole motors, including shaded pole motors;
The provision of new and improved two pole,four pole, and six pole
permanent split capacitor motors;
The provision of new and improved multi-pole stepper motors;
The provision of new and improved multi-pole switched reluctance
motors including two pole, four pole, six pole, and other
multi-pole switched reluctance motors;
The provision of new and improved multi-pole motors for a variety
of different applications and end uses;
The provision of new and improved multi-pole motors which have a
substantial reduction in the amount of material required;
The provision of the aforementioned multi-pole motors which enjoy
substantial material savings in the amount of material required for
electrically conductive coils and, in certain instances, also in
the magnetically conductive means forming the magnetic inductor
circuit;
The provision of the aforementioned multi-pole motors which,
despite having substantial material savings in the construction of
such motors, nonetheless provides better efficiency and overall
performance for many prior art motors;
The provision of the aforementioned multi-pole motor constructions
which are readily adaptable to present manufacturing techniques, do
not require substantial modifications or changes and provide highly
efficient, lower cost motors than prior art constructions;
The provision of new and improved methods for manufacturing such
low cost multi-pole motors; and
The provision of new and improved methods for forming such low
cost, high efficiency multi-pole motors with new and improved
method or procedural steps that provide reliable, continuous
operation without substantial modifications or changes in known
manufacturing techniques.
Briefly stated, the low cost multi-pole motors of the present
invention include magnetically conductive stacked laminations each
having a multi-pole central portion with a rotor opening and spaced
and adjacent side legs extending outwardly from circumferentially
spaced areas of the central portion and which terminate in an outer
free extremity. The combined stacked laminations provide stacked
and adjacent side legs in circumferentially spaced areas of stacked
central portions with aligned rotor openings for receiving a rotor.
Each of the stacked side legs have a combined predetermined outer
cross sectional coil winding area. An electrically conductive coil
is positioned about the coil winding area of at least one of the
stacked side legs. Separate magnetically conductive stacked
laminations are provided for attachment to the outer free
extremities of the spaced and adjacent side legs.
In certain of the embodiments, the spaced and adjacent side legs
extend from generally opposite areas of the central portion. An
electrically conductive coil may be positioned about each of the
thus formed spaced and adjacent side legs. At least one pair of the
spaced and adjacent side legs may extend, in certain cases, from
generally opposite areas of the central portion. In other cases,
adjacent pairs of spaced and adjacent side legs may extend from
generally opposite areas of the central portion. In still other
cases, at least one additional pair of spaced and adjacent side
legs may extend from the central portion generally intermediate the
generally opposite areas of the central portion. In even still
other instances, three spaced and opposed legs may extend from
generally opposite areas of the central portion.
For a shaded pole motor, pole shading elements may be positioned in
correspondingly shaped openings surrounding the rotor opening, as
shown in the two pole and four pole twin bobbin constructions of my
aforementioned copending patent applications.
For a two pole permanent split capacitor motor, an electrically
conductive first coil may be positioned about spaced and adjacent
side legs on one side of the central portion and an electrically
conductive second coil may be positioned about each of the spaced
and adjacent side legs on an opposite side of the central portion
with the first coil being connected to the second coils and one of
the first or second coils being connected to a capacitor to form
the motor. In some instances, the first coil may be the main coil
and the second coils may be the auxiliary coils. In other
instances, the first coil may be the auxiliary coil and the second
coils may be the main coils.
For a four pole permanent split capacitor motor, an electrically
conductive main coil and an electrically conductive auxiliary coil
may be positioned, in alternating fashion, about spaced and
adjacent pairs of side legs constituting four spaced and adjacent
legs on opposite sides of the central portion, with each main and
auxiliary coil positioned on the spaced and adjacent side legs
being connected to one another and at least one auxiliary coil on
opposite sides of the central portion for connection to a capacitor
to form the motor.
For a six pole shaded pole motor, an electrically conductive coil
may be positioned about each of the spaced and adjacent side legs
of the three spaced pairs of spaced and adjacent side legs
circumferentially spaced around the central portion. In some
instances, the six pole motor may be constructed as a switched
reluctance motor.
For a six pole permanent split capacitor motor, electrically
conductive main coils and electrically conductive auxiliary coils
may be positioned in alternating fashion about four spaced and
adjacent side legs which are arranged in three circumferentially
spaced locations around the central portion.
For certain four pole motor constructions, an electrically
conductive coil may be positioned about an intermediate leg of the
three spaced and opposed legs on opposite sides of the four pole
central portion with the intermediate leg on each side of the four
pole central portion being proximate a north pole and the spaced
legs on opposite sides of each intermediate leg being proximate a
south pole.
For eight pole shaded pole motors, an electrically conductive coil
may be positioned about each of the spaced and adjacent side legs
of the adjacent pairs of spaced and adjacent side legs on opposite
sides of the central portion and separate magnetic conductive
stacked end laminations may be provided for attachment to the outer
free extremities of each pair of adjacent pairs of spaced and
adjacent side legs on opposite sides of the central portion.
For stepper motors, an electrically conductive coil may be
positioned about each of the spaced and adjacent side legs of
spaced and adjacent side legs on opposite sides of the eight pole
central portion of magnetically conductive stacked laminations with
separate magnetic conductive stacked end laminations for attachment
to the outer free extremities of each pair of adjacent pairs of
spaced and adjacent side legs on opposite sides of the central
portion. The rotor opening provided in the eight central pole
portion has a circumferential series of inwardly directed stator
teeth surrounding the opening. Received within such rotor opening
is a permanent magnet rotor with one-half of the teeth on opposite
ends being offset by a one tooth width. By connecting two sets of
four alternate coils in series with each other, out-of-time-phase
current sources may be applied to step the rotor, rotating it in
the rotor opening.
For multi-pole switched reluctance motors, magnetically conductive
stacked laminations each having a multi-pole central portion with a
rotor opening for receiving a rotor and one pair of spaced side
legs may be provided. The rotor can include poles circumferentially
offset from the poles of the multi-pole central portion at
predetermined circumferentially spaced positions. An electrically
conductive coil may be positioned about each of the spaced and
adjacent side legs of the spaced pair of side legs and separate
magnetically conductive stacked end laminations for attachment to
an outer free end of the pair of spaced side legs may be provided
to complete the motor. Such multi-pole motors may include two pole,
four pole, six pole, and other multi-pole switched reluctance motor
constructions.
For new and improved methods of constructing such low cost
multi-pole motors, the methods include forming separate side and
end laminations to form a combined lamination for use in a motor
and include the steps of stamping from an elongated strip the side
laminations each having a central portion with a rotor opening in
at least one spaced pair of side legs extending from the central
portion, forming adjacent side laminations with at least one spaced
pair of side legs of each side lamination being in generally
opposed mirror image relationship with one another and stamping at
least one end lamination from each elongated strip for attachment
to outer free extremities of the at least one spaced pair of side
legs in the lamination with the end lamination being formed between
the spaced pair of side legs of the mirror image side
laminations.
For certain methods, each side lamination may be formed with at
least one spaced pair of side legs on opposite sides of the central
portion. Thus, each side of the side laminations may include one
spaced pair of side legs with an end lamination for each spaced
pair of side legs which is stamped from the material between each
spaced pair of side legs.
Each side lamination may also include two spaced pair of side legs
on opposite sides of the central portion and an end lamination, for
attachment to the outer free extremities of the two pair of side
legs on each side of the central portion, may be stamped from the
elongated strip between opposed and spaced side legs of adjacent
mirror image laminations. Each side lamination may further include
two spaced pair of side legs on opposite sides of the central
portion and an end lamination, for attachment to an outer free
extremity of each pair of two spaced pair of side legs, may be
stamped from the elongated strip between each pair of spaced side
legs of the two spaced pair of side legs on each side of the
central portion.
The end laminations may have a U-shape with legs extending from
outer ends thereof, thus requiring corresponding reductions in the
lengths of the side legs. The legs of such U-shaped end laminations
may have varying lengths with corresponding extensions or
reductions in the length of the side legs, as may be required.
Other methods for forming certain multi-pole motors include the
forming of separate side and end laminations to form a combined
lamination for use in a motor and include: stamping side
laminations from an elongated strip each having a central portion
with a rotor opening in at least one spaced pair of side legs
extending from the central portion, adjacent side laminations being
formed with at least one spaced pair of side legs of each side
laminations in generally overlapped relationship to one another,
and stamping at least one end lamination from each elongated strip
for attachment to outer free extremities of the at least one spaced
pair of side legs in each side lamination and with each end
lamination being formed either transversely or longitudinally
between the spaced pair of side legs of the side laminations. The
adjacent side laminations may be formed with one pair of spaced
legs extending generally transverse to another pair of spaced legs
in an adjacent side lamination.
These and other objects and advantages of the aforementioned and
other motor constructions and methods will become apparent from the
specific and detailed description of the present invention that
follows.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one form of low
cost two pole permanent split capacitor motor constructed in
accordance with the teachings of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the two pole permanent split
capacitor motor illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an exploded side elevational view of the two pole
permanent split capacitor motor shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the two pole permanent split capacitor
motor shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the two pole permanent split
capacitor motor shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the two pole permanent split
capacitor motor illustrated in FIG. 1 as viewed along lines 6--6 of
FIG. 4;
FIG. 6A is an exploded side elevational view showing a design
variation of the two pole permanent split capacitor motor of FIGS.
1-8;
FIG. 6B is an exploded side elevational view showing a further
design variation of the two pole permanent split capacitor motor of
FIGS. 1-8;
FIG. 6C is a side elevational view showing still a further design
variation of the two pole permanent split capacitor motor of FIGS.
1-8;
FIG. 6D is a side elevational view showing even still a further
design variation of the two pole permanent split capacitor motor of
FIGS. 1-8;
FIG. 7 is a die layout view illustrating the method of
manufacturing laminations used in the two pole permanent split
capacitor motor illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the two pole permanent split
capacitor motor shown in FIG. 1 and further illustrating the
connections between the various auxiliary and main coils and
associated capacitor as an example of one way in which main and
auxiliary windings may be connected to each other and to a
capacitor;
FIG. 9 is a side elevational view of a four pole permanent split
capacitor motor of the type specifically illustrated in FIGS. 10-16
of the drawings and illustrating connections between auxiliary and
main coils and a capacitor forming the four pole permanent split
capacitor motor;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a four pole permanent split
capacitor motor also constructed in accordance with the teachings
of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a side elevational view of the four pole permanent split
capacitor motor construction shown in FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is an exploded side elevational view of the four pole
permanent split capacitor motor laminations and coils shown in FIG.
10;
FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the four pole permanent split
capacitor motor shown in FIG. 10;
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the four pole permanent split
capacitor motor illustrated in FIG. 1 as viewed along lines 14--14
of FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a die layout view illustrating a method of manufacturing
the laminations used in the four pole permanent split capacitor
motor illustrated in FIGS. 10-14;
FIG. 16 is a side elevational view of a four pole stepper motor
constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention;
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a six pole shaded pole motor
constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention;
FIG. 18 is a side elevational view of the six pole shaded pole
motor shown in FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 is a top plan view of the six pole shaded pole motor shown
in FIG. 17;
FIG. 20 is an exploded side elevational view of the laminations and
coils used in the six pole shaded pole motor illustrated in FIG.
17;
FIG. 21 is an end elevational view of the six pole shaded pole
motor shown in FIG. 17;
FIG. 22 is a sectional view of the six pole shaded pole motor
illustrated in FIG. 17 as viewed along lines 22--22 of FIG. 21;
FIG. 23 is a die layout view illustrating a method of manufacturing
laminations used in the six pole shaded pole motor shown in FIGS.
17-22 of the drawings;
FIG. 24 is a side elevational view of a modified form of six pole
shaded pole motor constructed in accordance with the teachings of
the present invention;
FIG. 25 is an exploded side elevational view of the laminations and
coils used in the modified six pole shaded pole motor shown in FIG.
24;
FIG. 26 is a die layout view illustrating a method of manufacturing
laminations used in the modified six pole shaded pole motor
illustrated in FIG. 24 of the drawings;
FIG. 27 is a side elevational view of a six pole switched
reluctance motor constructed in accordance with the teachings of
the present invention;
FIG. 28 is a die layout view illustrating in a method of
manufacturing the laminations and rotor used in the six pole
switched reluctance motor of FIG. 27;
FIG. 29 is a perspective view of an eight pole shaded pole motor
constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention;
FIG. 30 is a side elevational view of the eight pole shaded pole
motor shown in FIG. 29;
FIG. 31 is an exploded side elevational view of the laminations and
coil used in the eight pole shaded pole motor shown in FIG. 29 of
the drawings;
FIG. 32 is a top plan view of the eight pole shaded pole motor
illustrated in FIG. 29;
FIG. 33 is a sectional view of the eight pole shaded pole motor as
viewed along lines 33--33 of FIG. 32;
FIG. 34 is a die layout view illustrating a method of manufacturing
laminations used in the eight pole shaded pole motor illustrated in
FIGS. 29-33 of the drawings;
FIG. 35 is a side elevational view of a modified form of four pole
shaded pole motor constructed in accordance with the teachings of
the present invention;
FIG. 36 is an exploded side elevational view of the laminations and
coils used in the modified four pole shaded pole motor shown in
FIG. 35 of the drawings;
FIG. 37 is a side elevational view of a two pole switched
reluctance motor constructed in accordance with the teachings of
the present invention; and
FIG. 38 is a side elevational view of a four pole switched
reluctance motor constructed in accordance with the teachings of
the present invention.
FIG. 39 is a perspective view of a six pole permanent split
capacitor motor constructed in accordance with the teachings of the
present invention;
FIG. 40 is a side elevational view of the six pole permanent split
capacitor motor shown in FIG. 39;
FIG. 41 is an exploded side elevational view of the six pole
permanent split capacitor motor shown in FIG. 39;
FIG. 42 is a die layout showing one method of manufacturing
laminations used in the six pole permanent split capacitor motor
illustrated in FIG. 39;
FIG. 43 is a side elevational view of a modified form of six pole
permanent split capacitor from the construction illustrated in
FIGS. 39-41;
FIG. 44 is an exploded side elevational view of the six pole
permanent split capacitor motor shown in FIG. 43;
FIG. 45 is a die layout illustrating one method of manufacturing
the laminations used in the six pole permanent split capacitor
motor of FIGS. 43-44;
FIG. 46 is a side elevational view of a six pole shaded pole motor
of the type illustrated in FIGS. 24-26 with the bobbin construction
shown in FIG. 47 mounted upon three pairs of adjacent and spaced
side legs circumferentially spaced about a central portion, as
illustrated;
FIG. 47 is a side elevational view of a bobbin construction for six
pole shaded pole motors of the type shown in FIG. 46;
FIG. 48 is a side elevational view of an eight pole shaded pole
motor of the type illustrated in FIGS. 29-33 with the bobbin
construction illustrated in FIG. 49 mounted about adjacent and
spaced side legs on each side of the central portion; and
FIG. 49 is a side elevational view of a bobbin construction
illustrating a plurality of adjacent and separate bobbin sections
for use in the eight pole shaded pole motor shown in FIG. 48.
Corresponding reference numerals will be used throughout the
several figures of the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following detailed description illustrates the invention by way
of example and not by way of limitation. This description will
clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and use the
invention, and describes several embodiments, adaptions,
variations, alternatives and uses of the invention, including what
I presently believe is the best mode of carrying out the
invention.
Prior to discussing the specific novel and unique aspects of the
present invention in its various forms, reference is first of all
made to the background environment and teachings of my
aforementioned copending patent applications. For example, in my
copending patent application Ser. No. 08/381,187 filed Jan. 31,
1995 entitled TWIN BOBBIN C-FRAME MOTORS AND METHODS FOR MAKING
SAME, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,619,086, I have disclosed that both of
the spaced side legs of a first stack of laminations can be
usefully employed for coil winding purposes, whether made in the
typical four-sided (square or rectangular) shape or in a higher
order greater than four sides outer cross sectional shape. In
either case, if the coil winding areas of the spaced side legs are
positioned in proximity to aligned rotor openings of the first
stack of laminations which receive a rotor, several important
advantages are achieved. The mounting of the electrically
conductive coils over the spaced side legs provides a greater
and/or more efficient flow of magnetic flux in the magnetic
inductor circuit than a conventional C-frame construction. The
electrically conductive wire forming each electrically conductive
coil that is positioned over each of the side legs cannot only have
less than one-half the length of a single electrically conductive
coil in a conventional magnetic inductor circuit, but the diameter
of the electrically conductive wire can be reduced, as well. This
diameter reduction is believed due to the shorter wire length of
less than one-half length of a single electrically conductive coil,
the greater winding surface area of the electrically conductive
coils and the proximate location of the spaced electrically
conductive coils on the spaced side legs relative to the aligned
rotor openings and rotor. In my copending patent application Ser.
No. 08/381,188 filed Jan. 31, 1995 entitled TWIN BOBBIN FOUR POLE
MOTORS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,424, I
have further disclosed that a twin bobbin four pole motor can be
constructed having spaced pairs of legs extending from opposite
sides of a four pole central portion which includes a rotor opening
for receiving a rotor. Electrically conductive coils are mounted
over each leg of spaced pairs of legs on opposite sides of the
central portion prior to the attachment of end legs across the
spaced pairs of legs. As a result of this new and improved
construction, substantial savings are possible not only as a result
of the "footprint" of this design, but also as the result of the
amount of material required for each electrically conductive coil.
For example, an electrically conductive coil that is positioned
over each of the spaced side legs on opposite sides of the central
portion can have less than one-half the length of a single
electrically conductive coil, in an equivalent magnetic conductor
circuit, and the diameter of the electrically conductive wire can
be reduced, due to the shorter wire length of a greater winding
surface area of the electrically conductive coils. Even with a
substantial material savings in the "footprint" and amount of
material required for the electrically conductive coils, the
operating performance or efficiency of such motors is not impaired
since such motors have been designed with both end results in
mind.
As will be seen in the discussion that follows, some of the
principles disclosed in my aforementioned copending patent
applications have been incorporated into one or more of the
embodiments of the present invention, along with further novel and
unique features that are directed to the specific constructions of
the various motors that are now to be discussed in detail.
The present invention discloses multi-pole motor constructions and
methods of manufacture in a variety of different embodiments
including the following: FIGS. 1-8 disclose a two pole permanent
split capacitor motor and the related method for manufacturing
laminations used in such motor from an elongated strip; FIGS. 9-15
disclose a four pole permanent split capacitor motor and the
related method for manufacturing laminations used in such motor;
FIG. 16 discloses a four pole stepper motor constructed with
laminations similar to the motor and method shown in FIGS. 9-15;
FIGS. 17-23 disclose a six pole shaded pole motor and the related
method for manufacturing laminations used in such motors; FIGS.
24-26 disclose a modified form of six pole shaded pole motor and
the related method for manufacturing laminations used in such
motors; FIGS. 27-28 disclose a six pole switched reluctance motor
and the method for manufacturing laminations used in such motor;
FIGS. 29-34 disclose an eight pole shaded pole motor and the
related method for manufacturing laminations used in such motors;
FIGS. 35-36 disclose a modified form of four pole shaded pole
motor; FIGS. 37-38 show two pole and four pole switched reluctance
motors; FIGS. 39-42 show a six pole permanent split capacitor motor
and the related method of manufacturing laminations used in such a
motor; FIGS. 43-45 show a modified form of six pole permanent split
capacitor motor and the related method of manufacturing laminations
used in such a motor; and FIGS. 46-49 show bobbin constructions for
use in certain motor constructions.
All of the above motors are constructed in accordance with the
teachings of the present invention and are based, in part, on the
prior aforementioned copending patent applications. From these
teachings, it will be apparent that other and different motors may
be constructed even though not specifically illustrated in the
drawings or described in the description that follows.
Reference is now made to each of the aforementioned embodiments of
the present invention which will be described generally in the
order listed above and as illustrated in the drawings.
The two pole permanent split capacitor motor 1 illustrated in FIG.
1-8 of the drawings includes a first stack of side laminations 3
formed from a series of magnetically conductive stacked laminations
of identical configuration each having a multi-pole central portion
5 with a rotor opening 7 for receiving a rotor 9 also formed from a
series of magnetically conductive stacked laminations of identical
circular configuration. Around each rotor opening 7 are four
thinned areas or reluctance gaps 11 generally arranged at a 12
o'clock, 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock and 9 o'clock position to define four
shared half-poles 12.
Extending from one side of the multi-pole central portion are two
spaced pairs of spaced side legs including a spaced pair of
innermost side legs 13, 13 and a spaced pair of outermost side legs
15, 15, as best seen in FIG. 3 of the drawings. It will be noted
that the spaced pair of innermost side legs 13, 13 are positioned
on opposite sides of a reluctance gap 11 located at the 6 o'clock
position in the rotor opening 7, while the two outermost legs 15,
15 are connected to the central portion 5 above the reluctance gaps
11, 11 located at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions in the
rotary opening 7. Between the innermost legs 13, 13 is a generally
rectangular-shaped gap 17 having a width corresponding to the width
of the reluctance gap 11 located at the 6 o'clock position and a
length slightly longer than the innermost legs 13, 13, as also best
seen in the exploded view of FIG. 3 of the drawings. The two
outermost spaced legs 15, 15 are spaced from the two innermost legs
13, 13 as well as the central portion 5 through mirror-image
generally L-shaped openings 19, 19. The lower or horizontal portion
of each L-shaped opening 19 spaces an adjacent innermost and
outermost leg 13, 15, respectively, from each other, while a
smaller upper or vertical portion of each generally L-shaped
opening 19 spaces each outer leg 15 from the central portion 5. At
the upper end of each L-shaped opening 19, adjacent one of the
reluctance gaps 11 at either the 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock position in
the rotor opening 7, the L-shaped opening 19 curves radially
inwardly to provide an enlarged area 21, in order to accommodate a
bolt opening 23 on opposite sides of each of the laminations 3.
Each bolt opening 23 receives a mounting bolt (not shown) that
supports a rotor bracket (not shown) which, in ram, supports the
rotor 9 for rotation relative to the aligned rotor openings 7 in
the stack of laminations 3. Thus, each of the outermost legs 15, 15
are spaced from the pair of innermost legs 13, 13, as well as the
reluctance gaps 11, 11 at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock position of
the rotor opening 7, while being connected to the multi-pole
central portion 5 above the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock reluctance gaps
11, 11.
On an opposite side of the multi-pole central portion 5 from the
spaced pairs of innermost and outermost legs 13, 13 and 15, 15,
respectively, is a single spaced pair of side legs 25, 25. Each of
the side legs 25, 25 have approximately twice the width of the
individual innermost and outermost side legs 13, 13 and 15, 15, on
the other side of the multi-pole central portion 5.
A single insulating bobbin 27 with previously wound electrically
conductive wire forms a coil 29 that is capable of being mounted
over the two spaced innermost legs 13, 13 on one side of the
central portion 5, while an insulating bobbin 31 with previously
wound electrically conductive wire forming a coil 33 is capable of
being mounted on each of the spaced stacked legs 25, 25 on an
opposite side of the central portion 5. Each of the insulating
bobbins are generally rectangular in shape corresponding to the
generally rectangular shape of the outer cross sectional shape of
each of the stacked innermost legs 13, 13 on one side of the
central portion 5 and each of the generally rectangular shaped
stacked legs 25, 25 on the other side of the central portion 5. It
is of course, possible to provide a square shape for the stacked
side legs or even a round shape, if desired, as disclosed in my
copending patent application entitled CONTROLLABLE ADJUSTABLE
MANUFACTURING METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR VARIABLE LAMINATIONS USED IN
ELECTRO-MAGNETIC INDUCTION DEVICES identified by U.S. Ser. No.
08/372,035 filed Jan. 12, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,640,725.
After the insulating bobbin 27 is mounted on spaced innermost legs
13, 13 and the pair of bobbins 31, 31, are mounted on the spaced
side legs 25, 25 on the opposite side of the multi-pole central
portion 5, a second stack of magnetically conductive stacked end
leg laminations is used for attachment to each of the outer free
extremities of the spaced side legs, in order to provide a closed
flux path. Specifically, a separate stack of magnetically
conductive end laminations 35 is provided for attachment to the
outer free extremities of each adjacent innermost and outermost leg
13, 15. Thus, each pair of innermost and outermost legs 13, 15 and
13, 15 are attached to separate stacks of magnetically conductive
laminations 35,35. For this purpose, the outer free extremities of
each of the innermost and outermost legs 13, 15, respectively, are
provided with male fastening elements 37 for complementary mating
engagement with corresponding shaped recesses 39 formed in each of
the stacked end laminations 35, 35. With respect to the spaced
stack legs 25, 25 on the opposite side of the multi-pole central
portion 5, a male fastening element 41 is provided at the outer
free extremity of each leg 25 for mating engagement with a
complementary shaped recess 43 formed in the stacked end
laminations 45 that are mounted to the outer free extremities of
the spaced stacked legs 25, 25.
If desired, the end laminations 35, 35 and/or 45 may have a U-shape
with legs extending from outer ends thereof, thus requiring
corresponding reductions in the length of the side legs 13, 15 and
13, 15 on one side of the multi-pole central portion 9 and/or the
spaced legs 25, 25 on an opposite side. This option is shown in
connection with the FIGS. 6A and 6B.
Specifically, the end laminations 35, 35 and 45 may have two
different types of U-shaped configurations, as shown in FIGS. 6A
and 6B. In FIG. 6A, each of the U-shaped end laminations 35 are
provided with spaced legs 36, 36 having recesses 38, 38 for
receiving the male tabs 40, 40 extending from corresponding areas
of the central portion 5. The end lamination 45 is similarly
constructed in a U-shape with spaced legs 42, 42 having recesses
44, 44 for receiving the male tabs 46, 46 from corresponding areas
of the central portion 5. Of course, the recesses and tabs could be
reversed, if desired, with male tabs on the spaced legs and
recesses in the central portion 5. FIG. 6B is similar to FIG. 6A
except that the spaced legs 13, 13, 15, 15 and 25, 25 are shortened
to cooperate with smaller U-shaped end laminations 35, 35 and 45,
as illustrated.
FIGS. 6C and 6D show other possible variations of the two pole
permanent split capacitor motor 1. In FIG. 6C, a single auxiliary
coil 48 is wound about the end lamination 45 in place of the spaced
auxiliary windings 31, 31. The single auxiliary coil 48 would
require an equivalent number of windings as compared to the spaced
auxiliary windings 31, 31. FIG. 6D shows the end lamination 45 as
well as the side laminations 3 such that the width of the side
laminations have a constant width throughout, rather than having a
stepped area for receiving the spaced coils 31, 31 within the width
dimension of the side laminations 3, as shown in FIG. 6. Thus, in
FIG. 6D, the spaced coils project laterally outwardly beyond the
width of the side laminations 3 as a possible design variation, if
desired. FIG. 6A through 6D serve as examples of possible design
variations that can be incorporated into the two pole permanent
split capacitor motor, if desired.
Reference is now made to FIG. 8 of the drawings for the manner in
which the coils 27 and 31, 31 are connected to one another and to a
capacitor in forming the two pole permanent split capacitor motor
of FIG. 1-8. The two spaced coils 31, 31 may serve as auxiliary
windings while the coil 27 may serve as a main winding;
alternatively, the two spaced coils 31, 31 may serve as main
windings with the single winding 27 serving as an auxiliary
winding. The windings may be also connected in series or in
parallel with one another, in various different arrangements, as
may be desired.
In the FIG. 8 illustration, the two coils 31, 31 are connected by
the leads 49, 49 in series to the capacitor 47 while each of the
coils 31, 31 are also connected in parallel through the leads 51,
51 to the single coil 27 on the opposite side of the multi-central
portion 5. Line leads 53 are also connected to each of the spaced
coils 31, 31, as illustrated.
With a two pole permanent split capacitor motor 1 constructed in
the manner described above, the operation of such motor will now be
described. From the main winding 27, the flux flows through the
rotor 9 generally in the 6-12 o'clock direction, while the flux
path through the rotor 9 from the auxiliary winding 31 is generally
in the 3-9 o'clock direction. Their axes are therefore displaced 90
electrical degrees in space. Since the capacitor 47, in series with
the auxiliary winding causes its current to lead the main winding
current, the stator field reaches a maximum along the axis of the
auxiliary winding first and then somewhat later in time reaches a
maximum along the axis of the main winding. The winding currents
are equivalent to 2-phase currents, and the motor 1 is equivalent
to a 2-phase motor. The result is a rotating stator field that
causes the rotor 9 to turn.
Because of their higher efficiencies, capacitor motors are used in
applications where not only higher efficiencies are required, but
also where reversible motors are desired. Applications of capacitor
motors, such as the two pole permanent split capacitor motor 1 of
the present invention, are in refrigerators, fans and blowers.
The method of forming the side and end laminations 3 and 35, 45
used in the two pole permanent split capacitor motor 1 of the
present invention can best be understood by reference to FIG. 7 of
the drawings. As shown in FIG. 7, one preferred method of forming
each of the magnetically conductive stacked side laminations 3 from
an elongated strip S of magnetically conductive material includes
the manufacture of adjacent side laminations 3, 3 in generally
opposed mirror image relationship to one another, along the length
of an elongated strip S of magnetically conductive material, with
the spaced side legs 25, 25 in one side of the central portion 5
extending longitudinally and in mirror image relationship to one
another. The spaced end laminations 35, 35, for attachment to
adjacent outermost and innermost legs 13, 15 on an opposite side of
the central portion 5, are formed in the longitudinal spaces
between adjacent innermost and outermost legs 13, 15. As
illustrated, the end laminations 45 are formed between the spaced
side legs 27, 27 in the space between two adjacent pairs of mirror
image spaced side legs 27, 27 of adjacent mirror image side
laminations 3. By stamping the end laminations 35, 35 for one end
of each side lamination 3 and the laminations 45 for the other end
of each side lamination 3 while producing side lamination 3 at the
same time, a lower cost, scrap efficient and continuous stamping
method of producing such side and end laminations at the same time
can be achieved. Rotor laminations may be formed either prior to or
at the same time the side and end laminations are formed.
Reference is now made to the four pole permanent split capacitor
motor 55 illustrated in FIGS. 9-14 of the drawings, as well as the
related method of manufacturing the side and end laminations for
such motors shown in FIG. 15. Referring first to FIGS. 10-14 of the
drawings, the four pole permanent split capacitor motor 55 includes
a first stack of side laminations 57 formed from a series of
magnetically conductive stacked laminations each having a
multi-pole central portion 59 with two spaced pairs of side legs on
each side of the central portion 59. Specifically, the two spaced
pairs of side legs on each side of the central portion include a
spaced pair of innermost side legs 61,61 and a spaced pair of
outermost side legs 63, 63 on opposite sides of the spaced
innermost side legs 61, 61. As best seen in FIG. 12 of the
drawings, each of the innermost side legs 61 on one side of the
multi-pole central portion 59 are in mirror image relationship to
an adjacent innermost side leg 61, in a horizontal direction, while
also being in mirror image relationship to an innermost side leg 61
on an opposite side of the multi-pole central portion 59, in a
vertical direction. Similarly, each of the outermost legs 63 on one
side of the multi-pole central portion 59 are in mirror image
relationship to each other, in a horizontal direction, while being
in mirror image relationship to an outermost side leg 63 on an
opposite side of the central portion 59, in a vertical direction.
The multi-pole central portion 59 has a rotor opening 65 with gaps
producing thinned areas 67 that separate the inner pole faces 69 of
adjacent legs from one another. Thus, as seen in FIG. 12, for
example, the thinned area 67 at the 12 o'clock position separates
the two innermost legs 61, 61 and their corresponding inner pole
faces 69, 69 from one another. The multi-pole central portion 59 is
illustrated as having eight half-poles 69. This is important in
producing the phase shifting in the four pole permanent split
capacitor motor 55, as will be subsequently discussed.
Each of the spaced innermost legs 61, 61 receive electrically
conductive coils 71, 71, and the outermost legs 63, 63 receive
electrically conductive coils 73, 73 on each side of the multi-pole
central portion 59. As seen in FIGS. 10-14, the two innermost coils
71, 71 have a shorter length than the two outermost coils 73, 73,
due to the difference in length between the two innermost legs 61,
61 and the two outermost legs 63, 63. Alternatively, the bobbins
71, 73 may have the same length as shown, for example, in the
modified coil arrangement illustrated in FIG. 9 of the
drawings.
After the coils 71, 71 and 73, 73 are placed on the spaced
innermost legs 61, 61 and spaced outermost legs 63, 63 on opposite
sides of the multi-pole central portion 59, a second stack of end
laminations 75, formed by a corresponding number of separate
magnetically conductive stacked laminations, is attached to the
first stack of side laminations 57 at the outer free extremities of
the spaced innermost legs 61, 61 and spaced outermost legs 63, 63
on opposite sides of the multi-pole central portion 59. Each of the
second stack of end laminations 75 constitute a second or separate
end leg which, when used with the first stack of side laminations,
provides a closed flux path. If desired, one or both of the end
laminations 75 may have a U-shape with legs extending from opposite
ends, thus requiring reduction in length in spaced innermost and
outermost legs 61, 61 and 63, 63 on one or both sides of the
multi-pole central portion 59. This has been explained in
connection with the FIGS. 6A and 6B, for example.
For attaching the first stack of laminations 57 to each of the
second stack of laminations 75, 75 in the FIGS. 9-14 embodiment,
the outer free extremities of each of the innermost and outermost
stacked legs 61, 61 and 63, 63, respectively, are provided with an
outwardly extending male tab 77 for complementary reception within
a correspondingly shaped aligned recess or opening 79 formed in
each of the second stack of laminations 75.
As best illustrated in FIG. 11 of the drawings, it will be noted
that when each of the coils 71, 71 and 73, 73 are mounted on
opposite sides of the multi-pole central portion 59 in the four
pole permanent split capacitor motor 55 of the present invention,
each of the electrically conductive coils 71, 71 and 73, 73 are
mounted in close proximity to an adjacent pole face or shared
half-pole 69. The aligned rotor opening 65 in the side lamination
57 receive a rotor 81 that is driven by flux generated through the
aforementioned coils and shared half-poles of the motor 55, in a
manner now to be described, with specific reference to FIG. 9 of
the drawings.
As best seen in FIG. 9 of the drawings, each of the coils on
opposite sides of the central portion 59 are positioned in
alternating arrangement as auxiliary and main coils. Specifically,
in the upper part of the motor 55, the leftmost coil 73 is an
auxiliary coil, the coil 71 immediately to its right is a main
coil, the coil next immediately to the right is an auxiliary coil
71 and the coil to the farthest right is a main coil 73. Below the
multi-pole central portion 59, the leftmost coil is a main coil 73,
the next coil to its right is an auxiliary coil 71, the next coil
is a main coil 71, and the coil to the farthest right is an
auxiliary coil 73. Each of the four main coils 71, 73 on opposite
sides of the central portion are connected in series. Each of the
four auxiliary coils 71, 73, on opposite sides of the central
portion 59, are also connected in series with each other and
capacitor 83. Specifically, it will be seen that the rightmost
auxiliary coil 71 above the multi-pole central portion 59 has one
end connected to upper line lead 91 and the other end connected to
one end of the leftmost auxiliary coil 73, the other end of which
is connected through lead 85 to capacitor 83. The other capacitor
lead 87 is connected to one end of the leftmost auxiliary coil 71
below the central portion 59, the other end of the leftmost
auxiliary coil 71 being connected to rightmost auxiliary coil 73.
The other end of the rightmost auxiliary 73 is connected to lower
line lead 91. The rightmost main coil 73, above the multi-pole
central portion 59, has one end connected to upper line lead 91 and
the other end connected to one end of the leftmost main coil 71.
The other end of the leftmost main coil 71 is connected through
jumper lead 89 to one end of the leftmost lower main coil 73. The
other end of the leftmost lower main coil 73 is connected to the
lower rightmost main coil 71. The other end of the lower rightmost
main coil 71 is connected to lower line lead 91.
With a four pole permanent split capacitor motor 55 constructed in
the manner described above, the operation of such motor will now be
described.
Consider the top and bottom halves of the stator 57 of FIG. 9 to be
two separate two pole stators operating on the top and bottom
halves of the rotor 81, respectively. Then, it can in space from
the two upper auxiliary windings. The same is true for the lower
half of the be seen that the two upper main windings are displaced
45 mechanical or 90 electrical degrees stator. Since the capacitor
83, in series with both the upper and lower auxiliary windings
causes the current in both auxiliary windings to lead the current
in both main windings, the stator winding reaches a maximum along
the electrical axes of the auxiliary windings first and then
somewhat later in time reaches a maximum along the electrical axis
of the main windings. The winding currents are equivalent to
2-phase currents, and the motor 55 is equivalent to a 2-phase
motor. The result is a rotating stator field that causes the rotor
81 to turn.
For the related method of manufacturing side and end laminations 57
and 75 of the four pole permanent split capacitor motor 55,
reference is made to FIG. 15 of the drawings which shows a die
layout for the manufacture of such laminations from an elongated
strip S of magnetically conductive material. There, it will be seen
that adjacent side laminations 57, 57 are arranged in sequential
relationship to one another with the end laminations 75, 75 being
formed in the spaces between the innermost and outermost legs 61,
63 of adjacent laminations 57, 57, as illustrated. This pattern
repeats throughout the die layout, thus facilitating the
simultaneous stamping of adjacent side and end laminations 57, 75,
respectively, in a scrap efficient and economical method, as will
be apparent. Rotor laminations 81 will also, or course, be stamped
from the rotor opening 65, either prior to or at the same time the
side and end laminations are formed.
A six pole permanent split capacitor motor and the related method
of manufacture is described below in connection with FIGS. 39-42 of
the drawings, after various four pole, six pole, and eight pole
motor constructions are described in FIGS. 16-38 below.
A four pole stepper motor 95, having a construction generally
similar to the four pole permanent split capacitor motor 55 of
FIGS. 9-15 of the drawings, is illustrated in FIG. 16. The four
pole stepper motor 95 includes magnetically conductive stacked side
laminations 97 having a general overall construction similar to the
side laminations 57 in FIGS. 9-15. Each side lamination 97 has a
multi-pole central portion 99 with a rotor opening 101 for
receiving a rotor 103. A circumferential series of inwardly
directed teeth 105 are circumferentially spaced around the rotor
opening 101 with a permanent magnet rotor 103 having a
circumferential series of outwardly directed teeth 107 that are
offset by one tooth on opposite ends of the rotor 103. Each of the
side laminations 97 include spaced innermost legs 109, 109 and
spaced outermost legs 111, 111 on opposite sides of the multi-pole
central portion 99. Bobbin wound electrically conductive coils 113,
113 are positioned over the spaced innermost legs 109, 109 while
bobbin wound electrically conductive coils 115, 115 are mounted
over the spaced outermost legs 111, 111 on each side of the
multi-pole central portion 99. Separate magnetically conductive
stacks of laminations 117, 117 are attached to the outer free
extremities of the innermost and outermost legs 109, 109 and 111,
111, through suitable complementary male/female fasting elements,
in order to form the closed flux path.
The stepper motor 95 operates in the following described manner.
Four alternate poles of the eight poles are connected with
alternate polarity to one phase of a two phase power source. The
other four poles are connected with alternate polarity to the other
phase of the two phase power source. The rotor 103 is a permanent
magnet axially aligned with one end being a north pole and the
other a south pole. Therefore, one half of each tooth on the rotor
is a north pole and the other half is a south pole. The teeth on
the rotor on one end are offset by one tooth from those on the
other half so that magnetic repulsion on one half causes movement
of the rotor 103 in the same direction as magnetic attraction does
on the other half. The teeth on the stator poles and the rotor are
arranged so the teeth on one set of same phase connected poles are
offset 90 electrical degrees one-half tooth width from alignment
with the rotor pole teeth when the other set of stator pole teeth
are in alignment or completely out of alignment with the rotor
teeth. This corresponds to the 90 degree phase shift between phases
of the two phase power source, causing alternate peak magnetic pull
between the rotor teeth and the two sets of phase connected stator
pole teeth, thus causing rotation with direction depending on the
polarity chosen for the two phase connections.
As in the previous embodiments, by enabling the coils 113, 113 and
115, 115 to be mounted over the spaced innermost and outermost legs
109, 109 and 111, 111 on each side of the multi-pole central
portion 99, the four pole stepper motor 95 of the present invention
utilizes the construction and manufacturing efficiencies of C-frame
motors. This can be achieved, while allowing a circumferential
series of inwardly directed teeth 105 to be provided around the
rotor opening 101 and a corresponding circumferential series of
outwardly directed teeth 107 around the rotor 103 in the stepper
motor 95 construction of the present invention.
Other types of motors having inwardly directed teeth or poles for
cooperation with corresponding poles on the rotor may also be
constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention, as the switched reluctance motors described below.
The method of forming the side and end laminations 97 and 117, in
the stepper motor 95, generally follows the method described above
in connection with FIG. 15 of the drawings, except for the stator
teeth 105. This will be understood as there is substantial
similarity in the overall construction of the four pole permanent
split capacitor motor 55 of FIGS. of 9-15 and the stepper motor 95
in FIG. 16 of the drawings.
The present invention also contemplates the manufacture of a six
pole shaded pole motor and its related method of manufacture, as
illustrated in FIGS. 17-23 of the drawings. The six pole shaded
pole motor 125 includes a first stack of side laminations 127
formed from a series of magnetically conductive stacked laminations
each having a six pole central portion 129 with three spaced pairs
of side legs 131 circumferentially spaced about the six pole
central portion 129, as best seen in FIG. 20 of the drawings. While
the three spaced pairs of side legs 131, 131 may be
circumferentially spaced around the six pole central portion 129 in
any preferred manner, as illustrated in FIG. 20 of the drawings,
one preferred embodiment includes forming two spaced pairs of side
legs 131,131 and 131,131 in mirror image relationship to one
another, while the third pair of spaced side legs 131, 131 extends
generally transverse to the other two spaced pairs of side legs
131, 131 and 131, 131. A combined stack of side laminations 127
provides three pairs of circumferentially spaced side legs 131, 131
around the stacked central portion 129 in order to provide the
first stack of laminations 127, as best illustrated in FIG. 17 of
drawings. A rotor opening 133 is provided in the six pole central
portion 129 of each side lamination 127 which, when aligned with
the rotor openings 133 of adjacent six pole central portions 129 of
stacked side laminations 127, provides an aligned rotor opening 133
in the stacked six pole central portions 129 for receiving a rotor
135, as illustrated in FIG. 18 of the drawings.
The six pole motor 125 of FIGS. 17-23 is of the shaded pole motor
type which includes shading coils to produce starting torque and
rotation of the rotor 135. For this purpose, each of the stacked
side laminations 127 are provided with six pairs of inner and outer
cooperating openings 137, 139 for receiving shading coils 141, as
best seen in FIGS. 17-18 of the drawings. Each of the shading coils
141 are formed by a loop of copper or other electrical conductor
which is arranged to encircle one of the six poles 143 of the six
pole shaded pole motor 125. Each of the six poles 143, of the six
pole shaded pole motor 125, are offset by thinned areas 145 which
are generally equally circumferentially spaced between the six
poles 143 around the rotor opening 133. It will be noted that the
shading coils 141 are received in relatively deep openings 137 in
the legs 131 while the outer shaded coil opening 139 is angularly
offset from the inner opening 137, in order to avoid a deep opening
or notch in the six pole central portion 129 that would
structurally weaken or otherwise interfere with the flux path. At
the same time, the shading coils 141 are received in each pair of
cooperating openings 137, 139 in the desired manner.
As in the previous embodiments, each of the stacked side legs 131
of the stacked side laminations 127 have a combined predetermined
outer cross sectional configuration coil winding area, generally
shown to be rectangular in shape, although other cross sectional
shapes may be used, as indicated above. For mounting over each of
the stacked side legs 131 of the stacked laminations 127, bobbin
wound electrical coils 147 are provided. Thus, there are six coils
147 for the circumferentially spaced six legs 131 forming the
stacked side laminations 127. Each of the bobbin wound electrical
coils 147 are illustrated as being generally rectangular in shape
corresponding to the generally rectangular shaped stacked side legs
131 of the stacked side laminations 127.
After each insulating bobbin with wound electrically conductive
coil 147 is mounted on each of the stacked side legs 131 to produce
three spaced pairs of coils 147, 147 circumferentially arranged
around the six pole central portion 129, a second stack of
laminations 149, formed by a corresponding number of separate
magnetically conductive stacked laminations, is attached to the
outer free extremities of each spaced pair of stacked side legs
131,131, as best illustrated in FIGS. 17-19 and 21-22 of the
drawings. Each of the second stack of laminations 149 constitute a
second or separate end leg. Thus, the first stack of laminations
127 have a six pole central portion 129 with three spaced pairs of
side legs 131, 131, as illustrated, while the separate magnetically
conductive stacked laminations forming the second stack of
laminations 149, provide a separate end leg for attachment to the
outer free extremities of each pair of stacked side legs 131, 131,
through complementary male and female fastening elements, as in the
previous embodiments. This completes the flux path or magnetic
conductor circuit for the six pole shaded pole motor 125.
As best illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 22 of the drawings, it will be
noted that when each of the bobbin wound coils 147 are mounted on
each of the stacked side legs 131, each electrically conductive
coil 147 is mounted in close proximity to one motor pole 143 and
the aligned rotor opening 133 in the first stack of laminations 127
and the rotor 135. Each electrically conductive coil 147 may be
formed with less electrically conductive wire than a single
electrically conductive coil in an equivalent magnetically
conductor circuit. The use of less material on each electrically
conductive coil 147 mounted on the stacked side legs 131, as
compared to the length of a single electrically conductive coil on
a conventional six pole motor of endless shape, is due to the
longer length and smaller mean diameter of the electrically
conductive coils 147 positioned on each pair of spaced side legs
131, 131. Additionally, the electrically conductive wire forming
each electrically conductive coil 147 may also have a smaller
diameter. Reduction in diameter of the electrically conductive wire
forming each electrically conductive coil 147 is believed due to
the shorter wire length of each electrically conductive coil 147
and the greater winding surface area of each electrically
conductive coil 147.
With the six pole shaded pole motor 125 construction of the present
invention, it is believed that there will not only be a substantial
savings in the wire used in the electrically conductive coils 147,
but also in the lamination material used for the side and end
laminations 127, 149, as compared to other six pole motors of
circular or other endless shaped construction. Furthermore, greater
overall efficiency may be possible, in spite of the substantial
reduction in the amount of material required for the electrically
conductive coils 147 and the savings in lamination material for the
side and end laminations 127 and 149, due to the unique
construction of the six pole shaded pole motor 125 and its
operation.
The related method of forming the side and end laminations 127 and
149 from an elongated strip S of magnetically conductive material
is best illustrated in FIG. 23 of the drawings. As illustrated in
FIG. 23, adjacent pairs of side laminations 127, 127 are formed
with one spaced pair of side legs 131, 131 in generally overlapping
relationship with one another, as illustrated. At the same time,
adjacent side laminations 127, 127 also have one adjacent pair of
spaced legs 131, 131 from each side lamination 127 extending
generally transverse to another pair of spaced side legs 131, 131
of the adjacent side lamination 127, as illustrated. This provides
the overlapped and interfitting arrangement illustrated in FIG. 23
of the drawings, maximizing scrap efficiency and economy of
manufacture. It will also be noted that the end laminations 149 are
formed in precisely the location that they would be attached to the
outer free extremities of the spaced side legs 131, 131, also
maximizing scrap efficiency and economy of manufacture. Of course,
the end laminations 149 may be formed with tabs or recesses to
engage complementary fastening elements at the other end of the
spaced side legs 131, 131 as in the previous embodiments, if
desired. With such constructions, the end laminations 149 may be
longitudinally formed in the space between the spaced side legs
131, 131, if desired. Although the rotor laminations forming the
rotor 135 are not illustrated in FIG. 23 of the drawings, it will
be understood that the rotor laminations 135 will be stamped from
the rotor openings 133 in a conventional manner.
The six pole shaded pole motor 125 operates similar to other shaded
pole motors with alternate poles and shading coils to produce
rotational torque.
Reference is now made to the modified form of six pole shaded pole
motor 155 illustrated in FIGS. 24-26 of the drawings. The six pole
shaded pole motor 155 has the general overall construction of the
six pole shaded pole motor 125 shown in FIGS. 17-23 of the
drawings, and therefore, corresponding reference numerals have been
used to designate like parts. The only difference in the six pole
shaded pole motor illustrated in FIGS. 24-25 of the drawings is in
the U-shape of the end laminations 157, the shorter length of the
side legs 131 and the corresponding male tabs 159 at the outer free
extremities of the legs 131 that are received within complementary
shaped recesses 161 in the end laminations 157. As depicted, the
complementary male and female fastening tabs/recesses 159, 161 are
similar to those illustrated in the FIGS. 1-9 and 10-15
embodiments. For the end laminations 157, it will be noted that
they have a U-shape with spaced legs 163, 163 that are provided
with the recesses 161, 161 for receiving the male tabs 159, 159 at
the outer ends of each pair of the shortened legs 131, 131. Such a
construction may be used to facilitate the mounting of adjacent
interconnected coils 147 on the legs 131, as shown in FIG. 46
below.
Thus, the end laminations in this and other embodiments may have a
rectangular shape as illustrated in the previous embodiments or a
U-shape as illustrated in this embodiment.
The end laminations 157 may be formed from an elongated strip of
electrically conductive material S in the same manner illustrated
in FIG. 23 of the drawings. More specifically, as illustrated in
the die layout view of FIG. 26 of the drawings where each U-shaped
lamination 157 is shown with its spaced legs 163, 163 in line with
one spaced pair of side legs 131, 131 of a side lamination 127, it
will be seen that adjacent side laminations 127, each having three
spaced end laminations 157, are formed in overlapped and
interfitting relationship to one another. Thus, two adjacent end
laminations 157, each having legs 163, 163 for connection to
associated side legs 131, 131 of one side lamination 127, are in
overlapped relationship to one another, while at the same time,
being in transverse relationship to another end lamination 157 with
legs 163, 163 that are attached to the side legs 131, 131 of a side
lamination 127, as illustrated. This produces a cost efficient,
scrap conserved method of producing the side and end laminations
127, 157, while rotor laminations can be formed prior to or at the
same time other laminations are formed.
The six pole switched reluctance motor illustrated in FIG. 27 of
the drawings and its related method illustrated in FIG. 28 is
generally similar to the construction of the six pole shaded pole
motor illustrated in FIGS. 17-23 of the drawings. In this regard,
note that each of the side laminations 167 are provided with a six
pole central portion 169 with three spaced pairs of side legs 171
circumferentially spaced about the six pole central portion 169.
The three spaced pairs of side legs 171, 171 are circumferentially
spaced around the six pole central portion 179 in generally the
same manner as illustrated in the six pole shaded pole motor 125
shown in FIG. 20 of the drawings. Specifically, two spaced pairs of
side legs 171,171 and 171,171 on opposite sides of the six pole
central portion 169 are in mirror image relationship to one
another, while the third pair of spaced side legs 171, 171 extends
generally transverse to the other two spaced pairs of side legs
171,171 and 171,171.
Bobbin wound electrical coils 173 are positioned over each of the
stacked side legs 171 of the stacked side laminations 167, and
separately stacked end laminations 175 are attached, through
complementary male and female fastening tabs/recesses, to the outer
free extremity of each adjacent pair of spaced side legs 171,171,
as in the previous embodiments.
What is different with the six pole switched reluctance motor 165
illustrated in FIGS. 27-28 of the drawings is the shape of the
rotor opening 177 which has six circumferentially spaced poles 179
that are circumferentially spaced from adjacent poles by reluctance
gaps or thinned areas 181. It will be noted that adjacent
reluctance gaps or thinned areas 181 have a different
circumferential extent around the rotor opening 177, and thus the
six poles 179 are three equally spaced pairs of pole faces 143
spaced around the circumferential rotor opening 177. The rotor 183
is formed with five generally equally spaced and outwardly directed
poles 185. Thus, only some of the poles 185 of the rotor 183 are,
at any one time, in alignment with the poles 179 around the rotor
opening 177. In FIG. 27 of the drawings, two of the adjacent poles
185, 185 of the rotor 183 are shown as being in alignment with two
of the adjacent poles 179, 179 around the rotor opening 177.
The six pole switched reluctance motor 165 operates in the
following manner. Each pair of adjacent windings 173, 173 is
connected so that when a current is applied, an electric magnet is
created with a north and south pole. Each pair of windings is
energized in sequence to rotate the rotor 183. For example, for
clockwise rotation, assume the upper right set of coils 173, 173 in
FIG. 27 has just been energized to pull the two rotor teeth into
alignment with the two stator pole teeth. Current would then be
removed from the upper right set of coils and applied to the pair
of upper left hand coils, which would pull the two left hand rotor
teeth 185 into alignment with the two left hand stator pole teeth
179. This would have also moved the two lower right quadrant rotor
teeth 185 to positions adjacent to the two lower stator pole teeth
179. Next, the current would be switched from the upper left coils
173 to the lower coils 173 to pull the now adjacent rotor teeth 185
into alignment with the lower stator poles 179. This switching
sequence would be continued to provide continuous rotation. Coil
pairs 173, 173 could be a single coil 173 positioned on any one of
the three sides of the U-shaped configurations.
Reference to FIG. 28 of the drawings shows the related method of
making the side laminations 167, the end laminations 175 and the
rotor laminations 183 which are used in the switched reluctance
motor 165. The related method of FIG. 28 is similar to the related
method in the six pole shaded pole motor method illustrated and
described in connection with FIG. 23 of the drawings. As shown,
adjacent side laminations 167 have one adjacent pair of spaced legs
171, 171 in generally overlapped relationship with one spaced pair
of side legs 171,171 of an adjacent side lamination 167, while the
overlapped spaced pairs of side legs 171,171 and 171,171 of
adjacent side laminations 167 also extend generally transverse to
another pair of spaced side legs 171,171 of the adjacent side
lamination 167, in the same manner as described and illustrated in
connection with FIG. 23 of the drawings. As will be appreciated,
this maximizes scrap efficiency while producing economy in the
continuous manufacture of such various side, end and rotor
laminations.
An eight pole shaded pole motor 195 and its related method of
manufacture are illustrated in FIGS. 29-34 of the drawings. First
of all, it will be seen that the generally overall construction of
the eight pole motor illustrated in FIGS. 29-34 of the drawings is
similar to the general construction of the four pole permanent
split capacitor motor 55 illustrated in FIGS. 9-15 of the drawings.
There are some specific differences which will become apparent in
comparing the two motor constructions.
One of the similarities of the two motors is in the shape of the
first stack of side laminations 57 in the four pole permanent split
capacitor motor 55 illustrated in FIGS. 9-15 and the side
laminations 197 illustrated in FIGS. 29-34 of the drawings.
Specifically, in FIGS. 29-34 of the drawings, the side laminations
157 include two spaced pairs of side legs on each side of an eight
pole central portion 199. This includes two spaced pairs of
innermost side legs 201, 201 and a spaced pair of outermost side
legs 203, 203 on opposite sides of the eight pole central portion
199. As best seen in FIG. 31 of the drawings, each of the innermost
side legs 201 are in mirror image relationship to an adjacent
innermost side leg 201, when viewed horizontally, while also being
in mirror image relationship to an innermost side leg 201 on an
opposite side of the eight pole central portion 199, when viewed in
a vertical direction. The same is true of the outermost legs 203 on
each side and on opposite sides of the eight pole central portion
199. The eight pole central portion 199 has a rotor opening 205
with gaps producing thinned areas or reluctance gaps 207 that
separate adjacent poles 209 from each other. As illustrated, the
multi-pole central portion 199 has eight poles 209 generally spaced
equidistantly around the rotor opening 205.
The eight pole motor 195 is of the shaded pole motor type which
includes shading coils to produce starting torque and rotation of
the rotor 221. In this regard, each of the stacked side laminations
are provided with eight pairs of inner and outer cooperating
openings 202, 204 for receiving shading coils 206, as best seen in
FIGS. 29-31. Each of the shading coils 206 are formed by a loop of
copper or other electrical conductor which is arranged to encircle
one of the eight poles 209 of the eight pole motor 195, as in the
previous six pole shaded pole motor 125 of FIG. 17-23.
Each of the spaced innermost legs 201, 201 receive electrically
conductive coils 211, 211 on each side of the eight pole central
portion 199, while the two outermost legs receive electrically
conductive coils 213, 213. As in the FIGS. 9-15 embodiment, the two
innermost coils 211, 211 have a length shorter than the two
outermost coils 213, 213, due to the difference in length between
the two innermost legs 201, 201 and the two outermost legs 203,
203. However, the coils 211, 213 may have the same length as shown,
for example, in the modified coil arrangement illustrated in FIG. 9
of the drawings.
Once the coils 211, 211 and 213, 213 are placed on the spaced
innermost legs 201, 201 and spaced outermost legs 203, 203 on
opposite sides of the eight pole central portion 199, a second
stack of end laminations 215, formed by a corresponding number of
separate magnetically conductive stacked laminations, is attached
to the outer free extremities of each pair of adjacent innermost
and outermost legs 201, 203 on each side and on opposite sides of
the eight pole central portion 199. For attaching adjacent
innermost and outermost legs 201, 203, respectively, to the second
stack of laminations 215, it will be seen that the outer free
extremities of each of the innermost and outermost legs 201, 203
are provided with outwardly extending male tabs 217 for
complementary reception within a correspondingly shaped aligned
recess or opening 219 formed in each of the second stack of
laminations 215. A rotor 221 is received within the rotor opening
205 in order to complete the eight pole motor construction.
With the eight pole motor constructed in a manner illustrated in
FIGS. 29-33 of the drawings, the operation of same will be similar
to other shaded pole motors with alternate poles and shading coils
to produce rotational torque, as is well known.
For the related method of manufacturing side and end laminations
197 and 215 of the eight pole motor 195 illustrated in FIGS. 29-33
of the drawings, reference is made to FIG. 34 which shows a die
layout for the manufacture of such side and end laminations from an
elongated strip S of magnetically conductive material. The method
of FIGS. 34 is somewhat similar to the method described in
connection with the four pole permanent split capacitor side and
end laminations shown in FIG. 15 of the drawings in the sense that
two adjacent side laminations 197, 197 are arranged in sequential
relationship to one another. The end laminations 215 are formed in
the spaces between adjacent innermost and outermost legs 201, 203
in each of the side laminations 197, as illustrated. This repeating
die layout pattern facilitates the stamping of adjacent side and
end laminations 197, 215 in economical and scrap efficient manner,
as has been discussed above. Rotor laminations 221 will be formed
from the rotor openings 205 also in a similar manner.
FIGS. 35-36 of the drawings illustrate a modified four pole shaded
pole motor construction somewhat different than that disclosed in
my co-pending patent application entitled TWIN BOBBIN FOUR POLE
MOTORS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME bearing Ser. No. 08/381,188
filed on Jan. 31, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,424. As
illustrated, the four pole motor 225 includes a stacked series of
magnetically conductive side laminations 227 each having a four
pole central portion 229. A rotor opening 231 within the four pole
central portion 229 receives a rotor 233. Extending from each side
of the four pole central portion 229 are three spaced and opposed
legs including a spaced pair of outermost legs 235, 235 and a
single innermost leg 237. The single innermost leg 237 has
approximately twice the width of each of the two outermost legs
235, 235.
Each of the innermost legs 237, 237, on opposite sides of the four
pole central portion 229, are proximate a north pole 239 while the
spaced outermost legs 235, 235 are proximate a south pole 241. As
illustrated in FIG. 36, each of the outermost legs 235 share a
south pole 241 with an outermost leg 235 in mirror image
relationship with it on an opposite side of the four pole central
portion 229. Shading coil slots 243 are provided in the four pole
central portion 229 adjacent certain of the legs 235, 237 for
receiving the shading coils 245, as illustrated in FIG. 35 of the
drawings.
Bobbin coils 247 are positioned over each of the innermost legs 237
only. Finally, end laminations 249 are attached to the outer
extremities of the legs 235, 235 and 237 on each side of the four
pole central portion 229, through suitable complementary fastening
elements, as in the previous embodiments.
The four pole motor 225 constructed as described above operates in
the following manner. The two coils 247 are connected to make poles
239 of the same polarity. This forces or makes the two poles 241
induced in the opposite polarity. The motor 225 then operates like
a conventional four pole shaded pole motor with alternate north and
south poles and shading coils to provide rotational torque.
FIGS. 37 and 38 disclose two pole and four pole switched reluctance
motor constructions. Both of these motors have the same general
construction as the twin bobbin C-frame motor disclosed in my
co-pending patent application entitled TWIN BOBBIN C-FRAME MOTORS
AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME bearing Ser. No. 08/381,187 filed Jan.
31, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,619,086. It will be appreciated that
the twin bobbin C-frame motors as disclosed in my aforementioned
patent application were shaded pole motors, while the two pole and
four pole switched reluctance motors shown in FIGS. 37 and 318,
respectively, have a different construction in the rotor opening
and in the rotor, as will become apparent.
The two pole switched reluctance motor 255 shown in FIG. 37
includes stacked magnetically conductive side laminations 257
including spaced side legs 259, 259 for receiving spaced bobbin
coils 261,261. Stacked end laminations 263 are attached to the
outer free extremities of the spaced side legs 259, 259, also
through complementary fastening connections, as in the previous
embodiments. The thus formed and assembled stacked and end
laminations 257, 263 form the stator for the two pole switched
reluctance motor 255. The rotor opening 265 provided in the stacked
laminations 257 includes spaced poles 267, 267. An I-bar shaped
rotor 269, with rounded ends forming the spaced poles 271, 271, is
received within the rotor opening 265 and rotates relative to the
spaced poles 267, 267.
Variable or switched reluctance motors of the prior art typically
employ a stator containing magnets and a rotor made of laminated
magnetic conductive material such as steel.
In the case of the two pole switched reluctance motor 255 shown in
FIG. 37, the spaced coils 261,261 are in the magnetic circuit flux
path with the spaced poles 267, 267 in the rotor opening 265 of the
side laminations 257 and serve as the stator poles. The rotor 269
has the spaced poles 271, 271 that are rotated by the flux in the
magnetic inductor circuit of the stator in either a clockwise or
counterclockwise direction, as determined by the position of
permanent magnets M mounted on one or both sides of the stator or
stacked side laminations 257 between the spaced poles 267, 267.
The two pole switched reluctance motor 255 of FIG. 37 is a
unidirectional two pole motor and uses at least one permanent
magnet M to provide the correct starting position of the rotor 269.
Specifically, in FIG. 37, two permanent magnets M, M align the
rotor 269 approximately as shown when the motor 255 is unenergized,
such that when current is applied to the coils 261, the rotor 269
is pulled in a clockwise direction. Sufficient current must be
applied so that when the current is switched off, approximately
when the leading edge of the rotor 269 is aligned with the center
of the right pole face 267, the rotor 269 and its load will have
enough inertia to continue rotating at least about until the
leading edge of the rotor 269 is aligned with the lower corner of
the left pole face 267 at which time the coils 261 are again
switched on. This timed switching sequence continues for continued
rotation. The two coils 261,261 could be one coil mounted on either
leg 259 or on the end lamination 263, if desired.
The four pole switched reluctance motor 275 shown in FIG. 38 of the
drawings has the same construction for the side laminations 257,
the bobbin coils 261 and end laminations 263 used in the two pole
switch reluctance motor 255 of FIG. 37, and therefore,
corresponding reference numerals have been used to designate like
parts in both motors. Within the rotor opening 277 of the side
laminations 257, there are four spaced poles 279 which provide
cooperative flux interaction with the four spaced poles 281 of the
steel rotor 283.
The motor of FIG. 38 is a two pole unidirectional motor with two
teeth per pole and at least one permanent magnet M to provide the
correct starting position of the rotor 283. It operates similarly
to the motor of FIG. 37 with the leading edges of the rotor 283
aligned with the edges of the stator pole teeth 279 at start.
Current is switched on through the coils 261 to pull the leading
edges of the rotor teeth 281 to the center of the stator teeth 279
at which time the current is switched off and the leading edge of
the rotor 283 is allowed to coast to the edges of the next stator
teeth 279 when the current is again switched on. The rotor of FIGS.
37 rotates one-half revolution per current pulse, while the rotor
of FIG. 38 rotates one-fourth revolution per current pulse.
The simplified construction of the two pole and four pole switched
reluctance motor shown in FIGS. 37 and 38, as well as other
multi-pole switched reluctance motors of similar configuration,
provides particular usefulness in direct drive application without
the need for gear trains. These simplified motors can be made
manually reversible by sliding the magnets M to the other side of
the slots between the poles, through a magnet mounted yoke
construction or the like.
One type of six pole permanent split capacitor motor 285 is shown
in FIGS. 39-41 with its related method of manufacture shown in FIG.
42. As will become apparent, the six pole permanent split capacitor
motor 285 has some features similar to the six pole shaded pole
motor 125 of FIG. 17-25 of the drawings, as well as the four pole
permanent split capacitor motor 55 of FIGS. 9-15.
Specifically, the six pole permanent split capacitor motor 285
includes a first stack of laminations 287 formed from a series of
magnetically conductive stacked laminations, each having a six pole
central portion 289 with three circumferentially spaced groups of
four shortened side legs 291 in each circumferentially spaced
group. As illustrated in FIGS. 39-41, each of the three
circumferentially spaced groups of four shortened side legs 291 are
equally circumferentially spaced from one another, although other
embodiments are possible, such as the T-shaped six-pole motor
construction shown in FIGS. 17-28 or the other construction shown
and described below in connection with FIGS. 43-45.
For cooperation with each circumferentially spaced group of four
shortened side legs 291, the end laminations 293 are provided with
a transverse end section 295 and four depending legs 297
corresponding in spacing to a group of four shortened side legs
291. At the end of each of the four depending legs 297, there are
male tabs for receipt within corresponding shaped recesses at the
ends of the four shortened legs 291, in order to provide mating
interlocked engagement, as in previous embodiments.
Prior to attachment of the four depending legs 297 to a group of
four shortened legs 291, electrically conductive auxiliary coils
298 and main coils 299 are mounted over each of the legs 297, as
illustrated in FIG. 39-41. Thereafter, each end lamination 293,
with four coils (alternating auxiliary coils 298 and main coil 299)
mounted thereon, are attached through the four depending legs 297
to one group of four shortened legs around the six pole central
portion 289, as illustrated.
As best illustrated in FIG. 40, when the alternating auxiliary
coils 298 and main coils 298 or 299 are mounted around the six pole
central portion 289, each of the coils 298 or 299 are mounted in
close proximity to an adjacent pole face or shared half-pole 301.
The aligned rotor openings 303 in the side laminations 287 receive
a rotor 305 that is driven by flux generated through the
aforementioned coils 298 or 299 and shared half-poles 301 of the
motor 285, in a manner to be described below. In this regard,
although the six pole permanent split capacitor motor 285 has three
circumferentially spaced groups of coils 299 extending about a
central portion 289 similar to the six pole shaded pole motor 125
of FIGS. 17-25, each of the four coils (alternating auxiliary coils
298 and main coils 299) in the three circumferentially spaced
groups is similar to the coils on one side of the central portion
in the four pole permanent split capacitor motor illustrated in
FIG. 9.
Operation of the six pole permanent split capacitor motor 285 is
described below in connection with FIGS. 39-41 of the drawings.
Consider the three spaced stator sections of FIG. 40 to be three
separate two pole motors operating on the three corresponding
sections of the rotor separately. Then, it can be seen that the two
main winding coils 299 are displaced 30 mechanical or 90 electrical
degrees from the two auxiliary winding coils 298 in each of the
three two pole stator sections operating on the rotor. Since a
capacitor connected in series with all the auxiliary windings 298
causes the current in all the auxiliary coils 298 to lead the
current in all the main windings 299, the stator winding reaches a
maximum along the electrical axes of the auxiliary windings 298
first and then somewhat later in time reaches a maximum along the
electrical axes of the main windings 299. The auxiliary and main
winding currents are equivalent to 2-phase currents, and the motor
285 is equivalent to a two phase motor. The result is a rotating
stator field that causes the rotor 302 to turn.
The related method of manufacturing the side laminations 287 and
the end laminations 293 in the six pole permanent split capacitor
motor 295 of FIGS. 39-41 is illustrated in FIG. 42 of the drawings.
There, it will be seen that the side laminations 287 are formed in
a central portion of the magnetically conductive strip S while the
end laminations 293 are formed from opposite end areas of the
elongated strip S. Specifically, the side laminations 287 are
formed in close fitting adjacent and somewhat nested relationship,
as illustrated, while the depending legs 297 of adjacent end
laminations are shown in nested and overlapped relationship with
respect to one another, to facilitate material conservation.
Another type of six pole permanent split capacitor motor 305 is
illustrated in FIGS. 43-44 of the drawings with a related method of
manufacturing the laminations used in such motor being illustrated
in FIG. 45 of the drawings. The six pole permanent split capacitor
motor 305 differs from the six pole permanent split capacitor motor
285 shown in FIGS. 39-41 by different side and end lamination
constructions. Specifically, the side laminations 307 have a rotor
opening 309 with three groups of four legs 311 in each of the three
groups. The two inner legs 311 in each group are similar to the two
inner legs 291 in the side laminations 287 of the motor 285 in
FIGS. 39-41, while the two outer legs 311 in each group have a
different construction than the two outer legs 291 in each group of
the motor 285. Specifically, the two outer legs 311 in each group
have an L-shaped construction which extends from the rotor opening
309 in a direction transverse to and then in the same direction as
the two inner legs 311. This L-shaped construction for the two
outer legs 311 in each group of four legs enables the three groups
of four legs to be spaced closer to one another than the legs 291
in the motor 285 of FIGS. 39-41. Also, this modified leg
construction of the FIGS. 43-44 embodiment saves scrap in the
manufacture of such side and end laminations, as explained in
connection with FIG. 45 below.
Note further that the end laminations 313 are each provided with a
transverse end section 315 and four shortened depending legs 317,
each of which are spaced a greater distance laterally apart from
one another than the legs 297 of the end laminations 293 in the
FIGS. 39-41 embodiment. By having each of the shortened legs 317
spaced laterally further from one another in the end laminations
313 of the FIGS. 43-44 embodiment, larger winding windows are
provided enabling more windings to be wound around the shortened
legs 317, thus also providing a shorter magnetic path. As will be
appreciated, a shorter magnetic path may also result in a greater
operating efficiency and/or power factor improvement.
FIG. 45 shows the related method of making the side and end
laminations 307 and end laminations 313 used in the six pole
permanent split capacitor motor 305 illustrated in FIGS. 43-44 of
the drawings. As illustrated, adjacent side laminations are
positioned in somewhat nested relationship in the central portion
of the magnetically conductive strip S; however, in this instance,
one of the end laminations 313 can be formed with the depending
legs 317 in aligned relationship with the shortened side legs 311
on alternate opposite ends of adjacent side laminations 307, as
illustrated. The other two end laminations 313 used in forming each
motor 305 are shown as being formed with the depending legs 317 in
overlapped and nested relationship, as illustrated. The side
laminations 307 and end laminations 313 so constructed and arranged
provides substantial savings in material over the method described
in connection with FIG. 42 of the drawings, as will be
appreciated.
The operation of the six pole permanent split capacitor motor 305
is similar to that described in connection with the motor 285, and
thus further explanation is unnecessary.
Although the constructions of the side and end laminations 307,
313, respectively, are described in connection with the six pole
permanent split capacitor motor 305, it will be understood that the
side and end laminations 307, 313 could also be used in connection
with other types of motors, such as shaded pole motors, switched
reluctance motors or other motor applications, as may be
desired.
For use with any one or more of the above motors, a series of
bobbins, about which coils can be wound in a continuous fashion, or
illustrated in FIGS. 47 and 49 of the drawings for use in the six
pole shaded pole motor 125 shown in FIG. 46 and the eight pole
shaded pole motor shown in FIG. 48 of the drawings. Specifically,
FIG. 46 shows a six pole shaded pole motor 125 similar to FIGS.
17-25 having inner connected bobbins 309 with coils 147 wound about
the bobbin sections 309. As illustrated, there are two adjacent
bobbin sections 309, 309. Further, between two spaced pairs of
bobbin sections 309, 309 and 309, 309, there are separate
projections 313 for protecting the wires extending between pairs of
bobbin sections 309. With the bobbins 309 as illustrated in FIG. 47
of the drawings, the bobbins can be mounted over a mandrel (not
shown) for the continuous winding of the bobbin sections 309 with
the coils 147. Thus, when used in the winding of coils 147, the
bobbin sections 309 are shown in FIG. 47 of the drawings as being
aligned with respect to one another, for the placement over a
winding mandrel (not shown) in the continuous automatic winding of
adjacent bobbins sections 309 with the coils 147. Following
winding, the interconnected bobbin sections 309 can be positioned
on the spaced legs 131, as shown in FIG. 46. As will be
appreciated, the same winding of the coils 147 and the assembly of
the coils 147 over the spaced legs 131 saves in both winding time
and material utilized, as compared to individual coil winding and
assembly.
In FIG. 48 of the drawings, an eight pole shaded pole motor 195 is
shown as having four adjacent bobbin sections 317 interconnected by
three living hinges 319. Each of the four bobbin sections 317 are
wound sequentially without a break between coils, after alignment
and mounting on a suitable mandrel (not shown), in order to provide
the four electrically conductive coils 213 for mounting over the
four spaced legs 201, 201 and 203, 203 on each side of the eight
pole central portion 199, as illustrated in FIG. 48 of the
drawings.
As will be appreciated, the interconnected bobbins with or without
living hinges can be manufactured with similar or dissimilar bobbin
sections, as may be required, as well as with separate projections
or compartments for wires or other components, as may be
desired.
From the foregoing, it will now be appreciated that the variety of
different types and kinds of low cost multi-pole motor
constructions, including shaded pole, permanent split capacitor,
stepper, switched reluctance and other types of motors, provides
economical and efficient constructions not previously available,
while using conventional manufacturing operations to produce such
motors through the modified techniques that are disclosed. As a
result, the low cost multi-pole motor constructions of the present
invention can be adapted for use in a variety of different motor
applications.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects and
advantages of the present invention have been achieved and other
advantageous results have been obtained.
As various changes could be made in the above constructions or
methods without departing from the scope of the invention, it is
intended that all matter contained in the above description or
shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as
illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
* * * * *