U.S. patent number 5,599,035 [Application Number 08/233,688] was granted by the patent office on 1997-02-04 for automatic boat to trailer latch.
Invention is credited to Wendell L. Spence.
United States Patent |
5,599,035 |
Spence |
February 4, 1997 |
Automatic boat to trailer latch
Abstract
An automatic boat to trailer latching device. The invention is
designed primarily to facilitate one person boat to trailer
recovery operations, particularly in less than ideal conditions,
such as choppy water surface, cross winds, and after dark or
predawn recoveries. The invention allows operation of the boat to
trailer latching mechanism without requiring constant vertical
alignment of the boat and trailer, without requiring longitudinal
alignment of the boat and trailer during the approach and permits
one person to complete the operation either in the boat, or behind
the boat, in daylight, or darkness, in positions where the actual
latch mechanism cannot be visually observed. The invention is a
boat to host trailer latch assembly generally comprised of an
elongated vertically extended latch bar adapted to be secured to
the prow of a boat and a latch structure adapted to mounted on the
forward end of a boat trailer. The latch bar is guided into the
latch structure by a funnel mechanism and entry of the latch bar
into the latch structure, by means of contacting a lever, causes
the latch mechanism to operate automatically, by releasing a latch
bolt which is biased into the latching position and holds the latch
bar and place it within the latch structure. The invention
additionally includes a flag and light structure for visually
locating the latch structure when recovering a boat, and for
indicating when a successful latching operation has been
completed.
Inventors: |
Spence; Wendell L. (East
Jordan, MI) |
Family
ID: |
22878296 |
Appl.
No.: |
08/233,688 |
Filed: |
April 26, 1994 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
280/414.1;
280/508; 410/77 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60P
3/1066 (20130101); B60P 3/1075 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60P
3/06 (20060101); B60P 3/10 (20060101); B60P
003/10 (); B60P 007/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;410/69,77,81,2,44,7
;280/414.1,508 ;202/341.15,335 ;114/344
;414/396,584,401,529-536 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Keenan; James W.
Assistant Examiner: Gordon; Stephen
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bishop; Douglas S.
Claims
I claim:
1. A latch assembly for latching a boat to a boat trailer, the
latch assembly comprising:
a latch bar adapted to be secured to the prow of the boat and
including an elongated generally vertically extending latch bar
portion spaced forwardly from the prow; and
a latch structure adapted to be mounted on the forward end of the
boat trailer and including
a housing having rear, upper and lower faces defining a vertically
extending slot opening in rear, upper, and lower faces of the
housing and sized to receive the latch bar portion therein,
a bolt mounted on the housing for horizontal movement along the
lengthwise axis of the bolt between a retracted position clear of
the slot and a latching position extending across the slot,
means for retaining the bolt in its retracted position, and
trigger means operative in response to movement of the latch bar
portion into the slot to move the bolt from its retracted position
to its latching position, and
the bolt is further mounted for rotational movement about its
lengthwise axis between a first angular position in which the bolt
is free to move along its lengthwise axis to its latching position
and a second angular position in which the bolt is precluded from
moving to its latching position;
the means for retaining the bolt in its retracted position includes
means retaining the bolt in said second angular position; and,
the trigger means is operative to move the bolt from its second
angular position to its first angular position.
2. A latch assembly according to claim 1 wherein:
the trigger means comprises a lever mounted on the housing and
having a first end positioned in the slot proximate the bolt and a
second end operative in response to engagement of the first end by
the latch bar portion to rotate the bolt from its second angular
position to its first angular position.
3. A latch assembly for latching a boat to a boat trailer, the
latch assembly comprising:
a latch bar adapted to be secured to the prow of the boat and
including an elongated, generally vertically extending latch bar
portion spaced forwardly from the prow; and
a latch structure adapted be mounted on the forward end of the boat
trailer and including
a housing having rear, upper and lower faces defining a vertically
extending slot opening in rear, upper and lower faces of the
housing, Said slot proximately sized to receive the diameter of the
latch bar portion therein,
a bolt mounted on the housing for horizontal movement along the
lengthwise axis of the bolt between a retracted position clear of
the slot and a latching position extending across the slot,
means for retaining the bolt in its retracted position, and
trigger means operative in response to movement of the latch bar
portion into the slot to move the bolt from its retracted position
to its latching position, and
said latch structure further includes funnel means extending
rearwardly from said slot operative to contact said latch bar along
its vertically extending portion and to direct said latch bar
portion into said slot, and to align said boat vertically, which
funnel means comprises ramp plates extending rearwardly from said
slot and diverging rearwardly so as to provide a wide mouth target
for the latch bar portion, and
the vertical extent of the elongated vertically extending latch bar
portion being at least as great as the vertical extent of the slot,
and
the diameter of the bolt being a minor fraction of the vertical
extent of the slot,
the latch structure includes a flag structure mounted on the
housing for movement between an operative position, in which a flag
portion of the flag structure extends above the housing in vertical
alignment with the slot to provide a visual locator for the slot,
and a retracted position.
4. A latch assembly according to claim 3 wherein:
the flag structure is moved from its operative position to its
retracted position in response to movement of the bolt to its
latching position.
5. A latch assembly for latching a boat to a boat trailer, the
latch assembly comprising:
a latch bar adapted to be secured to the prow of the boat and
including an elongated generally vertically extending latch bar
portion spaced forwardly from the prow; and
a latch structure adapted to be mounted on the forward end of the
boat trailer and including
a housing having rear, upper and lower faces defining a vertically
extending slot opening in rear, upper, and lower faces of the
housing and sized to receive the latch bar portion therein,
a bolt mounted on the housing for horizontal movement along the
lengthwise axis of the bolt between a retracted position clear of
the slot and a latching position extending across the slot,
means for retaining the bolt in its retracted position, and.
trigger means operative in response to movement of the latch bar
portion into the slot to move the bolt from its retracted position
to its latching position;
the latch structure includes a flag structure mounted on the
housing for movement between an operative position, in which a flag
portion of the flag structure extends above the housing in vertical
alignment with the slot to provide a visual locator for the slot,
and a retracted position,
the flag structure is moved from its operative position to its
retracted position in response to movement of the bolt to its
latching position, and
the flag structure includes a shaft portion mounted on the housing
for movement along a horizontal axis aligned with the lengthwise
axis of the bolt and positioned with an inboard free end thereof in
confronting relation to an inboard free end of the bolt, the flag
structure shaft portion being arranged to be struck by the bolt
upon movement of the bolt to its latching position and the striking
of the flag structure shaft portion being operative to move the
flag structure to its retracted position.
6. A latch assembly for latching a boat to a boat trailer, the
latch assembly comprising:
a latch bar adapted to be secured to the prow of the boat and
including an elongated generally vertically extending latch bar
portion spaced forwardly from the prow; and
a latch structure adapted to be mounted on the forward end of the
boat trailer and including
a housing having rear, upper and lower faces defining a vertically
extending slot opening in rear, upper, and lower faces of the
housing and sized to receive the latch bar portion therein,
a bolt mounted on the housing for horizontal movement along the
lengthwise axis of the bolt between a retracted position clear of
the slot and a latching position extending across the slot,
means for retaining the bolt in its retracted position, and
trigger means operative in response to movement of the latch bar
portion into the slot to move the bolt from its retracted position
to its latching position,
the latch structure includes a flag structure mounted on the
housing for movement between an operative position, in which a flag
portion of the flag structure extends above the housing in vertical
alignment with the slot to provide a visual locator for the slot,
and a retracted position, and
the flag structure further includes a light positioned on the flag
portion of the flag structure so as to provide a light positioned
over and in alignment with the slot with the flag structure in its
operative position.
7. A latch assembly for latching a boat to a boat trailer, the
assembly comprising:
a latch bar adapted to be secured to the prow of the boat and
including an elongated generally vertically extending latch bar
portion spaced forwardly of the prow;
a latch structure adapted to be mounted on the forward end of the
boat trailer and including;
a housing having rear, upper and lower faces defining a vertically
extending slot opening in rear, upper, and lower faces of the
housing and sized to receive the latch bar portion therein;
a bolt having a tip end and a handle end;
means mounting the bolt on the housing for horizontal movement
along the lengthwise axis of the bolt between a retracted position
in which the tip end is clear of the slot and a latching position
in which the tip end extends across the slot;
means mounting the bolt on the housing for rotational movement
about its lengthwise axis between a first angular position in which
the bolt is free to move to its latching position and a second
angular position in which the bolt is precluded from moving to its
latching position;
means for retaining the bolt in its second angular position;
means biasing the bolt toward its latching position;
a lever pivotally mounted on the housing and including a first end,
positioned in the slot proximate the bolt in a position where said
first end is engaged by the latch bar portion to pivot the lever,
and a second end positioned proximate the handle end of the bolt;
and
means operative in response to pivotal movement of the lever to
move the bolt to its first angular position and allow the bolt to
move to its latching position under the urging of the biasing
means.
8. A latch assembly according to claim 7 wherein:
the lever is mounted for movement about a generally vertical axis;
and
the means operative to move the bolt to its first angular position
in response to pivotal movement of the lever comprises a crank arm
extending radially from the handle end of the bolt and engaged by
the second end of the lever.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to boat trailers, and more specifically to
an automatic latching mechanism for attaching and holding a
trailered boat to the receiving trailer.
One of the frequent difficulties encountered in trailering a boat
is the necessity of assistance in aligning the boat to the trailer,
and once so aligned, in affixing it to the trailer so that it may
be removed from the water with the trailer.
Trailered boats, in general, are launched and recovered by
utilizing a towing vehicle and submerging the trailer in water to a
point where the boat may, in launching, be freely floated from the
trailer when the latching device holding the boat to the trailer is
released, and, conversely, upon recovery, the boat may be floated
onto the trailer, held in place by an appropriate latching device,
and, so secured, removed with the trailer from the water by the
towing vehicle.
While apparently simple in concept, the recovery process becomes
significantly more difficult when wind and water conditions are
less then ideal. Recovery of a boat utilizing a trailer on a calm
water surface, with no wind, in daylight and with assistance of
others, may be accomplished quite easily with most available boat
to trailer latching mechanisms, automatic or not.
Choppy water surfaces, cross-winds and night recovery situations,
however, make recovery of a trailered boat a much more tenuous
task, particularly when assistance is not readily available.
Various devices are available which ostensibly permit one person
boat recovery operations, by providing some type of self-activating
locking mechanism. However, for the most part, they presume
conditions where, if assistance is not available, conditions will
readily permit one person to align the boat, move it over the
trailer and, in so doing, activate the locking mechanism. Available
devices do not facilitate one-person recovery operations in less
than ideal conditions.
Specifically, an optimal automatic boat to trailer latch must
permit one-person operation, where water surface disturbance causes
pitching which prevents point to point vertical alignment of the
boat being recovered and the trailer for any significant period of
time.
An optimal automatic boat to trailer latch must permit one person
operation under cross wind conditions which prevent longitudinal
alignment of the boat being recovered and the trailer during the
boat's approach over the trailer.
An optimal automatic boat to trailer latch must permit one-person
operation by a person either in the boat or in the water behind it
in light or in darkness, by allowing that person to align the
boat's bow with the latching mechanism and to observe when the
latching operation is complete, without sacrificing control of the
boat.
In many instances, sportsmen, recreational boaters, or commercial
operators of small trailered boats must recover their craft without
assistance. Recovery is often after dark or before dawn. Further,
recovery, unlike launch, cannot wait for ideal water and weather
conditions.
As noted, existing self-activating locking mechanisms for affixing
boats to trailers do not satisfy the above requirements.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to the provision of an automatic boat to
trailer latch which will permit one-person recovery operations not
dependent upon ideal conditions.
More specifically, this invention is directed to the provision of
an automatic boat-to-trailer latch that is especially designed to
allow the automatic latch mechanism to operate in water-surface
conditions where point to point vertical alignment of the boat
being recovered and the recovery trailer is difficult or impossible
to maintain for any significant period of time.
A more specific object is to provide an automatic boat to trailer
latch which permits recovery operations in cross wind conditions,
by providing a guidance mechanism which permits the latch to
operate without requiring precise longitudinal alignment of the
boat being recovered and the trailer during all stages of recovery,
including the boat's approach to and over the trailer.
An additional specific object of the invention is to provide an
automatic boat to trailer latch which provides a visual means for a
single person operator to guide the boat being recovered into the
latching mechanism of the trailer, and a visual means for such a
single person operator to determine that latching has been
accomplished.
The latch assembly of the present invention is of the type
including a latch bar adapted to be secured to the prow of the
boat. According to an important feature of the invention, this
includes an elongated generally vertically extending latch bar
portion spaced forwardly of the prow. This configuration allows
operation in choppy surfaces when the prow of the boat is pitching
by providing an extended, elongated latch bar, which provides a
substantial range of vertical prow positions in which the
latching/recovery operation may be completed. Such a configuration
additionally facilitates utilization in cross wind situations, by
providing an extended, elongated contact surface for guiding the
latch bar into latching position. The forwardly spacing of the
latch bar from the prow also provides a greater margin for error in
aligning the boat for the recovery operation.
According to a further feature of the invention, the latch assembly
includes a latch structure adapted to be mounted on the forward end
of the boat trailer, which further includes a housing defining a
vertically extending slot opening in the rear, upper, and lower
faces of the housing and sized to receive the latch bar portion
therein. This arrangement ensures proper vertical alignment of the
boat relative to the trailer upon latching because of the required
vertical alignment of the latch bar and latch structure.
Essentially, the latch bar functions as male member and the latch
structure as female member of the entire latch assembly.
According, to a further feature of the invention, the latch
structure further includes a bolt having a tip end and a handle
end, together with a means for mounting the bolt on the latch
structure housing so that the bolt may move horizontally along its
lengthwise axis between a retracted position in which the tip end
is clear of the slot and a latching, or latched, position in which
the tip end extends across the slot. This arrangement allows the
boat to be latched to the trailer by moving the bolt into the
latching position rearwardly of the male latch bar member after the
male latch bar member has entered the female latch structure.
According to a further feature of the invention, a means is
provided for mounting the bolt on the housing structures for
rotational movement about its lengthwise axis between a first
angular position in which the bolt is prevented from moving to its
latched position. A means is further provided to retain the bolt in
its second angular position and a means in the way of a spring or
otherwise is provided biasing the bolt toward its latching
position. A lever is pivotally mounted on the housing. The lever
includes a first end, positioned in the slot proximate the bolt in
a position which it is engaged by the latch bar male member to
pivot the lever, and a second end positioned proximate the handle
end of the bolt.
According to a further feature of the invention, the lever is
mounted for movement about a generally vertical axis and a means is
provided operative in response to pivotal movement of the lever to
move the bolt to its first angular position and to allow the bolt
to move to its latching position under the urging of the biasing
means. The means operative to move the bolt to its first operative
position in response to pivotal movement of the lever may compose a
crank arm extending radially from the handle end of the bolt and
engaged by the second end of the lever.
Those additional features allow the latch mechanism to operate
automatically upon contact with the first end of the lever by the
vertically extending male latch bar member, securing the boat to
the trailer.
According to a further feature of the invention, the latch
structure further includes funnel means extending rearwardly from
said slot and operative to direct the latch bar portion into the
slot. The vertical extent of the latch bar portion is at least as
great as the vertical extent of the slot. The funnel means may
comprise ramp plates extending rearwardly from the entrance of said
slot and diverging rearwardly so as to provide a wide mouth target
for the male latch bar portion. This arrangement facilitates
recovery operations in cross winds or other situations where
longitudinal alignment of the boat or trailer is difficult or
impossible to maintain during the entire approach and recovery
process. The funnel means contacts the male vertically extending
latch member and guides the latch member to the female vertical
slot.
According to a further feature of the invention, the latch
structure includes a flag structure mounted on the housing for
movement between an operative position in which a flag portion of
the flag structure extends above the housing in vertical alignment
with the vertical slot to provide a visual locator for the slot,
and a retracted position. The flag structure includes a shaft
portion mounted on the housing for movement along a horizontal axis
aligned with the lengthwise axis of the bolt. It is positioned with
an inboard free end placed in a confronting relationship to an
inboard free end of the bolt. The flag shaft portion being arranged
to be struck by the bolt upon movement of the bolt to its latching
position and the striking of the flag structure shaft portion being
operative to move the flag structure to its retracted position. The
flag structure also includes a light positioned on the free end of
the flag structure so as to provide a light position over and in
alignment with the slot with the flag structure in its operative
position. This arrangement allows a single person operator in the
boat or behind the boat to visually align the prow of the boat with
the vertical slot of the housing and the light feature allows such
visual alignment in darkness, as well.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an automatic boat to trailer
latch, mounted on a boat and trailer according to the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a top cross-sectional, partially cut-away view, of the
component parts of the invention, with the lever bolt and male
latch member in operative position.
FIG. 3 is a top cross-sectional, partially cut-away view of the
component parts of the invention as shown in FIG. 2, with the
lever, bolt and male latch member in the latching position;
FIG. 4 is partially cut-away side view of the latching bolt
mechanism and biasing means.
FIG. 5 is a side perspective view of the housing structure of the
invention, showing the vertically extending male member and the
flag structure in operative position;
FIG. 6 is a side perspective view of the housing structure of the
invention showing the vertically extending male member and the flag
structure in latching position;
FIG. 7 is a top elevational view showing the relationship of
various components of the invention in operative position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The invention latch assembly, broadly considered, includes a latch
bar 10 and a latch structure 11.
Latch bar 10 is adapted to be secured to the prow of the boat 12.
It is spaced forwardly 13 from the prow of the boat 12 and is
elongated and generally vertically extending.
Latch structure 11 is adapted to be mounted on the forward end of
the boat trailer 14. Latch structure 11 includes a housing 15
defining a vertically extending slot opening 16 in the rear 17,
upper 18, and lower 19 faces of the housing and sized to receive
the latch bar portion 10 in said slot opening 16.
A latch bolt 20 is mounted horizontally on the housing 15, to allow
for horizontal movement 21 of the latch bolt 20 along its
lengthwise axis 22 between a retracted position as shown in FIGS. 2
and 5, wherein the tip end 23 of the bolt 20 is clear of the slot
16 and a latching position as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 in which the
tip end 23 extends across the slot 16. The diameter of the bolt
constitutes a minor fraction of the vertical extent of the slot as
can be seen in FIGS. 1-6.
The bolt 20 is mounted on the housing by a cylindrical housing
fitting 24, the interior diameter of said fitting 24 being larger
in diameter than the bolt to allow rotational movement of the bolt
10 about its lengthwise axis 22.
The housing fitting 24 allows the bolt 20 to be held in retracted
or first angular position as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5 and in latching
or second angular position as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6.
The bolt 20 is held in the second angular or retracted position by
a protruding bit 25 extending radially from the bolt 20 at right
angles from its lengthwise axis, which protruding bit 25, in the
retracted position, rests upon the outward face 26 of the housing
fitting 24. The bolt 20 is biased towards its latching position by
a spring 27 mounted around the bolt 20 contained within the housing
fitting 24 and held in place by washers 28 at each end. When the
bolt 20 is in its retracted position, the spring biasing means 28
is compressed against the inner side 29 of the outward face 26 of
the housing fitting 24. Said housing fitting 24 has additionally in
its outward face 24 a groove 30 of greater width and length than
that of the protruding bit 25. When the bolt 20 is rotated to a
point where the protruding bit 25 is aligned with the groove 30,
the spring 27 operates to bias the bolt 20 to its latching
position.
To provide a means for rotating the bolt to its first angular
position in which it is free to move to its latching position, a
lever 31 is pivotally mounted by means of a vertically extending
rod 32 mounted on the housing 15. The first end 33 of the lever 31
is positioned in the slot 16 proximate to the bolt 20. The second
end 34 is positioned proximate to the outward or handle end 20a of
the bolt 20. The outward or handle end 20a of the bolt 20
additionally has a protruding crank arm 35 extending radially from
the outward or handle end 20a of the bolt 20.
The automatic latching feature of the invention is activated when
the latch bar 10 strikes the first end 33 of the lever 31, causing
it to rotate about its axis 32 and further causing the second end
34 to strike the crank arm 35, in turn causing rotation of the bolt
20 until the bit 25 becomes aligned with groove 30, whereupon the
biasing spring 27 expands, forcing the tip end 23 of the bolt 20 to
extend across the slot 16 placing the bolt 20 in its latching
position, rearward of the latch bar 10, as shown in FIGS. 3 and
6.
It will be seen that a funnel means to guide the latch bar 10 into
the slot 16 has been provided, by two ramp plates 40. Said ramp
plates extend rearwardly and diverge outwardly from slot 16. In
doing so, they provide a wide mouth target for the latch bar 10 and
serve to guide or direct said latch bar into the slot 16. The ramp
plates 40 are affixed to the housing 15 by bolt fasteners 41.
The funnel means provided by the ramp plates serves to act as a
guide for directing the latch bar 10 into the receiving slot 16. In
addition it serves to help align the boat vertically by contacting
the latch bar along its vertical extension.
Additionally, in order to provide a visual locator for the
operator, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the housing
15 defines a target for the latch member 10. To emphasis and make
more visible such target, a flag structure 50 is mounted on the
housing 15. Said flag structure 50 is mounted for movement between
an operative position as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 7, wherein the
flag portion 51 of the flag structure extends above the housing 15
in vertical alignment 52 with the target slot 16, and a retracted
position as partially shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. Said flag structure
50, in the preferred embodiment, further includes a light 60
positioned over the flag structure 50 and in vertical alignment 52
with the target slot 16. It will be seen that the light feature
permits utilization of the target structure in darkness as well as
light.
The flag structure 50 is held in its operative position by a planar
member 53 affixed to the housing 15, extending outwardly from the
housing 15 in a horizontal manner and having a concave end 54 in
which the upward member 55 of the flag structure 50 rests in its
operative position.
The flag structure includes a shaft portion 56 mounted on the
housing 15 by means of a cylindrical housing fitting 57.
The housing fitting 57 allows the shaft portion 56 to move along a
horizontal axis aligned with the lengthwise axis 22 of the bolt 20.
It is positioned with an inboard free end 58 thereof in confronting
relationship to an inboard free end 23 of the bolt 20. The housing
fitting 57 has an interior diameter large in diameter than the
shaft portion 56 to allow rotational movement of the shaft position
56 about its lengthwise access 22. Upon the bolt 20 reaching its
latching position, its inboard free end 23 strikes the inboard free
end 58 and drives the shaft portion 56 outward from the housing 15.
Such outward movement disassociates the upward member 55 of the
flag structure 50 from planar member 53, allowing the entire flag
structure to rotate about the lengthwise axis 22 of shaft portion
56. The weight of the flag structure causes the flag portion 51 to
rotate downward and out of sight, signally that the bolt 20 has
reached its latching position.
WHEREAS a preferred embodiment of the invention has been
illustrated and described in detail, it will be apparent that
various changes may be made in the disclosed embodiment, without
departing from the spirit of the invention.
* * * * *