U.S. patent number 5,534,516 [Application Number 08/385,000] was granted by the patent office on 1996-07-09 for acetylenes disubstituted with a heteroaromatic group and a 2-substituted chromanyl, thiochromanyl or 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinolinyl group having retinoid-like activity.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Allergan. Invention is credited to Roshantha A. S. Chandraratna.
United States Patent |
5,534,516 |
Chandraratna |
July 9, 1996 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Acetylenes disubstituted with a heteroaromatic group and a
2-substituted chromanyl, thiochromanyl or 1, 2, 3,
4-tetrahydroquinolinyl group having retinoid-like activity
Abstract
Retinold-like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula
##STR1## where X is S, O or NR'; where R' is hydrogen or lower
alkyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen or lower alkyl with the proviso
that R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 cannot both be hydrogen, A is pyridazinyl,
pyrazinyl; n is 0-5, and B is H, --COOH or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt, ester or amide thereof, --CH.sub.2 OH or an ether
or ester derivative, or --CHO or an acetal derivative, or
--COR.sub.1 or a ketal derivative where R.sub.1 is
--(CH.sub.2).sub.m CH.sub.3 where m is 0-4, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
Inventors: |
Chandraratna; Roshantha A. S.
(El Toro, CA) |
Assignee: |
Allergan (N/A)
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Family
ID: |
27410804 |
Appl.
No.: |
08/385,000 |
Filed: |
February 7, 1995 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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144178 |
Oct 27, 1993 |
5407937 |
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967630 |
Oct 28, 1992 |
5272156 |
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732270 |
Jul 18, 1991 |
5183827 |
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409476 |
Sep 19, 1989 |
5045551 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/255.05;
544/336; 544/405 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D
401/06 (20130101); C07D 405/06 (20130101); C07D
409/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C07D
405/00 (20060101); C07D 405/06 (20060101); C07D
409/06 (20060101); C07D 409/00 (20060101); C07D
401/06 (20060101); C07D 401/00 (20060101); A61K
031/50 () |
Field of
Search: |
;514/253
;544/336,405 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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0098591 |
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0130795 |
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170105A |
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0176032 |
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Apr 1986 |
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0176033 |
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Apr 1986 |
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176034A |
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0253302 |
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0272921 |
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0284288 |
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0303915 |
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3316932 |
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3524199 |
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3602473 |
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DE |
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3708060 |
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8500806 |
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8504652 |
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WO |
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WO9116051 |
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Oct 1991 |
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WO |
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WO9206948 |
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Apr 1992 |
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WO |
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Other References
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Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of Alkynylzinc Reagents with Aryl
Halides by Anthony O. King and Ei-ichi Negishi, J. Org. Chem. 43
No. 2, 1978 p. 358. .
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(E)-Tri-substituted Olefins of Terpenoid Origin by Ei-ichi, Anthony
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32, pp. 1098-1108..
|
Primary Examiner: Daus; Donald G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Szekeres; Gabor L. Baran; Robert J.
Voet; Martin A.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present application is a divisional of application Ser. No.
08/144,178, filed on Oct. 27, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,407,937,
which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 07/967,630, filed on
Oct. 28, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,272,156, which is a divisional
of application Ser. No. 07/732,270, filed on Jul. 18, 1991, issued
as U.S. Pat. No. 5,183,827, which is in turn a divisional of
application Ser. No. 07/409,476, filed on Sep. 19, 1989, issued as
U.S. Pat. No. 5,045,551.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Compounds of the formula ##STR9## where X is S, O, or NR', where
R' is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are
hydrogen or lower alkyl;
R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen or lower alkyl with the proviso
that R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 both are not hydrogen;
n is an integer from 0 to 5;
A is pyrazinyl, and
B is hydrogen, COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
COOR.sub.8, COONR.sub.9 R.sub.10, --CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2
OR.sub.11, CH.sub.2 OCOR.sub.11, CHO, CH(OR.sub.2).sub.2,
CHOR.sub.13 O, --COR", CR"(OR.sub.12).sub.2, or CR"OR.sub.13 O,
where R" is an alkyl, having 1 to 5 carbons, alkenyl group of 2 to
5 carbons or cycloalkyl group of 3 to 5 carbons, R.sub.8 is an
alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10
carbons, or R.sub.8 is phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.9 and
R.sub.10 independently are hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 10
carbons, or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10 carbons, or phenyl or
lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.11 is lower alkyl, phenyl or lower
alkylphenyl, R.sub.12 is lower alkyl, R.sub.13 is divalent alkyl
radical of 2-5 carbons.
2. Compounds of claim 1 where X is S.
3. Compounds of claim 2 where n is 0, 1, or 2.
4. Compounds of claim 3 where n is 0.
5. Compounds of claim 3 where B is COOH or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, COOR.sub.8 or COOR.sub.9 R.sub.10.
6. Compounds of claim 3 where R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl.
7. Compounds of claim 3 where R.sub.4 is the same alkyl group as
R.sub.5.
8. Compounds of claim 1 where X is O.
9. Compounds of claim 8 where n is 0, 1 or 2.
10. Compounds of claim 9 where n is 0.
11. Compounds of claim 9 where B is COOH or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, COOR.sub.8 or COONR.sub.9 R.sub.10.
12. Compounds of claim 9 where R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl.
13. Compounds of claim 9 where R.sub.4 is the same alkyl group as
R.sub.5.
14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of
one or more compounds set forth in claim 1, the composition
including a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, for the
treatment of dermatoses, arthritic diseases, immunological
disorders, dry eye syndrome, for promoting wound healing and
reversing-sun damage to skin.
15. A pharmaceutical composition as set forth in claim 14, said
composition being useful for treating skin disorders in a
mammal.
16. A method for treating dermatoses in a mammal which method
comprises administering alone or in conjunction with a
pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, a therapeutically effective
amount of one or more compounds set forth in claim 1.
17. The method of claim 16 used for treating psoriasis in a mammal.
Description
BACKGROUND
This invention relates to novel compounds having retinoid-like
activity. More specifically, the invention relates to compounds
having an ethynylheteroaromatic acid portion and a second portion
which is a 2-substituted tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiochromanyl, or
chromanyl group. The acid function may also be converted to an
alcohol, aldehyde or ketone or derivatives thereof, or may be
reduced to --CH.sub.3.
RELATED ART
Carboxylic acid derivatives useful for inhibiting the degeneration
of cartilage of the general formula
4-(2-(4,4-dimethyl-6-X)-2-methylvinyl)benzoic acid where X is
tetrahydroquinolinyl, chromanyl or thiochromanyl are disclosed in
European Patent Application 0133795 published Jan. 9, 1985. See
also European Patent Application 176034A published Apr. 2, 1986
where tetrahydronaphthalene compounds having an ethynylbenzoic acid
group are disclosed, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,098 where three
olefinic units from the acid-containing moiety of retinoic acid are
replaced by an ethynylphenyl functionality.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention covers compounds of Formula 1 ##STR2## wherein X is
S, O, or NR' where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.1
-R.sub.3 are hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are
hydrogen or lower alkyl with the proviso that R.sub.4 and R.sub.5
cannot both be hydrogen; A is pyridinyl, thienyl, furyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl or oxazolyl; n is
0-5; and B is H, --COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
ester or amide thereof, --CH.sub.2 OH or an ether or ester
derivative, or --CHO or an acetal derivative, or --COR.sub.1 or a
ketal derivative where R.sub.1 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkenyl
group containing 1 to 5 carbons.
In a second aspect, this invention relates to the use of the
compounds of Formula 1 for treating dermatoses, such as ache,
Darier's disease, psoriasis, icthyosis, eczema, atopic dermatitis
and epithelial cancers. These compounds are also useful in the
treatment of arthritic diseases and other immunological disorders
(e.g. lupus erythematosus), in promoting wound healing, in treating
dry eye syndrome and in reversing the effects of sun damage to
skin.
This invention also relates to a pharmaceutical formulation
comprising a compound of Formula 1 in admixture with a
pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
In another aspect, this invention relates to the process for making
a compound of Formula 1 which process comprises reacting a compound
of Formula 2 with a compound of Formula III in the presence of
cuprous iodide and Pd(PQ.sub.3).sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (Q is phenyl) or a
similar complex ##STR3## where R.sub.1 -R.sub.5 are the same as
described above, X' is a halogen, preferably I; n, and A are the
same as defined above; and B is H, or a protected acid, alcohol,
aldehyde or ketone, giving the corresponding compound of Formula 1;
or to the process of making a compound of Formula 1 which consists
of reacting a zinc salt of Formula 4 with a compound of Formula 3
in the presence of Pd(PQ.sub.3).sub.4 (Q is phenyl) or a similar
complex. ##STR4## where R.sub.1 -R.sub.5, and X, are the same as
defined above, giving the corresponding compound of Formula 1; or
homologating a compound of the Formula 5 ##STR5## where
n is 0-4 to give an acid of Formula 1; or
converting an acid of Formula 1 to a salt; or
forming an acid addition salt;
converting an acid of Formula 1 to an ester; or
converting an acid of Formula 1 to an amide; or
reducing an acid of Formula 1 to an alcohol or aldehyde;
or
converting an alcohol of Formula 1 to an ether or ester;
or
oxidizing an alcohol of Formula 1 to an aldehyde; or
converting an aldehyde of Formula 1 to an acetal; or
converting a ketone of Formula 1 to a ketal.
GENERAL EMBODIMENTS
Definitions
The term "ester" as used here refers to and covers any compound
falling within the definition of that term as classically used in
organic chemistry. Where B (of Formula 1) is --COOH, this term
covers the products derived from treatment of this function with
alcohols. Where the ester is derived from compounds where B is
--CH.sub.2 OH, this term covers compounds of the formula --CH.sub.2
OOCR where R is any substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic,
aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic group.
Preferred esters are derived from the saturated aliphatic alcohols
or acids of ten or fewer carbon atoms or the cyclic or saturated
aliphatic cyclic alcohols and acids of 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
Particularly preferred aliphatic esters are those derived from
lower alkyl acids or alcohols. Here, and where ever else used,
lower alkyl means having 1-6 carbon atoms. Also preferred are the
phenyl or lower alkylphenyl esters.
Amide has the meaning classically accorded that term in organic
chemistry. In this instance it includes the unsubstituted amides
and all aliphatic and aromatic mono- and di-substituted amides.
Preferred amides are the mono- and di-substituted amides derived
from the saturated aliphatic radicals of ten or fewer carbon atoms
or the cyclic or saturated aliphatic-cyclic radicals of 5 to 10
carbon atoms. Particularly preferred amides are those derived from
lower alkyl amines. Also preferred are mono- and di-substituted
amides derived from the phenyl or lower alkylphenyl amines.
Unsubstituted amides are also preferred.
Acetals and ketals include the radicals of the formula --CK where K
is (--OR).sub.2. Here, R is lower alkyl. Also, K may be --OR.sub.1
O-- where R.sub.1 is lower alkyl of 2-5 carbon atoms, straight
chain or branched.
A pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared for any compound
of this invention having a functionality capable of forming such
salt, for example an acid or an amine functionality. A
pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be any salt which retains the
activity of the parent compound and does not impart any deleterious
or untoward effect on the subject to which it is administered and
in the context in which it is administered.
Such a salt may be derived from any organic or inorganic acid or
base. The salt may be a mono or polyvalent ion. Of particular
interest where the acid function is concerned are the inorganic
ions, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Organic amine
salts may be made with amines, particularly ammonium salts such as
mono-, di- and trialkyl amines or ethanol amines. Salts may also be
formed with caffeine, tromethamine and similar molecules. Where
there is a nitrogen sufficiently basic as to be capable of forming
acid addition salts, such may be formed with any inorganic or
organic acids or alkylating agent such as methyl iodide. Preferred
salts are those formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric
acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. Any of a number of simple
organic acids such as mono-, di- or tri-acid may also be used.
The preferred compounds of this invention are those where the
ethynyl group and the B group are attached to the 2 and 5 positions
respectively of a pyridine ring (the 6 and 3 positions in the
nicotinic acid nomenclature being equivalent to the 2/5 designation
in the pyridine nomenclature) or the 5 and 2 positions respectively
of a thiophene group respectively; n is 0; and B is --COOH, an
alkali metal salt or organic amine salt, or a lower alkyl ester, or
--CH.sub.2 OH and the lower alkyl esters and ethers thereof, or
--CHO and acetal derivaives thereof. The more preferred compounds
shown in Formula 6 are:
ethyl 6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl]nicotinate
(Compound I, X=S, R.sub.3 =H, R"=C.sub.2 H.sub.5)
6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl] nicotinic acid
(Compound 2, X=S, R.sub.3 =H, R"=H)
ethyl 6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl] nicotinate
(Compound 3, X=0, R.sub.3 =H, R"=C.sub.2 H.sub.5)
6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl] nicotinic acid
(Compound 4, X=0, R.sub.3 =H, R"=H)
ethyl 6-[(2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl]
nicotinate (Compound 5, X=S, R.sub.3 =CH.sub.3, R"=C.sub.2
H.sub.5)
6-[(2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl] nicotinic acid
(Compound 6, X=S, R.sub.3 =CH.sub.3, R"=H)
ethyl 6-[(2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl] nicotinate
(Compound 7, X=0, R.sub.3 =CH.sub.3, R"=C.sub.2 H.sub.5)
6-[(2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl] nicotinic acid
(Compound 8, X=0, R.sub.3 =CH.sub.3, R"=H) ##STR6##
The compounds of this invention may be administered systemically or
topically, depending on such considerations as the condition to be
treated, need for site-specific treatment, quantity of drug to be
administered, and similar considerations.
In the treatment of dermatoses, it will generally be preferred to
administer the drug topically, though in certain cases such as
treatment of severe cystic ache, oral administration may also be
used. Any common topical formulation such as a solution,
suspension, gel, ointment, or salve and the like may be used.
Preparation of such topical formulations are well described in the
art of pharmaceutical formulations as exemplified, for example,
Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, Edition 17, Mack Publishing
Company, Easton, Pa. For topical application, these compounds could
also be administered as a powder or spray, particularly in aerosol
form.
If the drug is to be administered systemically, it may be confected
as a powder, pill, tablet or the like, or as a syrup or elixir for
oral administration. For intravenous or intra-peritoneal
administration, the compound will be prepared as a solution or
suspension capable of being administered by injection. In certain
cases, it may be useful to formulate these compounds in suppository
form or as an extended release formulation for deposit under the
skin or intermuscular injection.
Other medicaments can be added to such topical formulation for such
secondary purposes as treating skin dryness, providing protection
against light; other medications for treating dermatoses,
preventing infection, reducing irritation, inflammation and the
like.
Treatment of dermatoses or any other indications known or
discovered to be susceptible to treatment by retinoic acid-like
compounds will be effected by administration of the therapeutically
effective dose of one or more compounds of the instant invention. A
therapeutic concentration will be that concentration which effects
reduction of the particular condition, or retards its expansion. In
certain instances, the drug potentially could be used in a
prophylactic manner to prevent onset of a particular condition. A
given therapeutic concentration will vary from condition to
condition and in certain instances may vary with the severity of
the condition being treated and the patient's susceptibility to
treatment. Accordingly, a given therapeutic concentration will be
best determined at the time and place through routine
experimentation. However, it is anticipated that in the treatment
of, for example, ache, or other such dermatoses, that a formulation
containing between 0.001 and 5 percent by weight, preferably about
0.01 to 1% will usually constitute a therapeutically effective
concentration. If administered systemically, an amount between 0.01
and 100 mg per kg body weight per day, but preferably about 0.1 to
10 mg/kg, will effect a therapeutic result in most instances.
The retionic acid like activity of these compounds was confirmed
through the classic measure of retionic acid activity involving the
effects of retionic acid on ornithine decarboxylase. The original
work on the correlation between retionic acid and decrease in cell
proliferation was done by Verma & Boutwell, Cancer Research,
1977, 97, 2196-2201. That reference discloses that ornithine
decarboxylase (ODC) activity increased precedent to polyamine
biosynthesis. It has been established elsewhere that increases in
polyamine synthesis can be correlated or associated with cellular
proliferation. Thus, if ODC activity could be inhibited, cell
hyperproliferation could be modulated. Although all causes for ODC
activity increase are unknown, it is known that
12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces ODC activity.
Retionic acid inhibits this induction of ODC activity by TPA. The
compounds of this invention also inhibit TPA induction of ODC as
demonstrated by an assay essentially following the procedure set
out in Cancer Res., 35: 1662-1670, 1975.
By way of example of retinoic acid-like activity it is noted that
in the assay conducted essentially in accordance with the method of
Verma & Boutwell, ibid, the following examples of the preferred
compounds of the present invention (Compounds 1, 3 and 7) attained
an 80% inhibition of TPA induced ODC activity at the following
concentrations (IC.sub.80):
______________________________________ Compound IC.sub.80 conc
(nmols) ______________________________________ 1 0.69 3 0.13 7 0.2
______________________________________
SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
The compounds of this invention can be made by a number of
different synthetic chemical pathways. To illustrate this
invention, there is here outlined a series of steps which have been
proven to provide the compounds of formula 1 when such synthesis is
followed in fact and in spirit. The synthetic chemist will readily
appreciate that the conditions set out here are specific
embodiments which can be generalized to any and all of the
compounds represented by Formula 1. Furthermore, the synthetic
chemist will readily appreciate that the herein described synthetic
steps may be varied and or adjusted by those skilled in the art
without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Compounds of Formula 1 where X is --S-- and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are
hydrogen or lower alkyl, with the proviso that R.sub.4 and R.sub.5
both are not hydrogen, are prepared as per Reaction Scheme I
##STR7##
In Reaction Scheme I, R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 are hydrogen or a lower
alkyl group, A is as defined above in connection with Formula 1, n
is 0-5 and B is H, or a protected acid, alcohol, aldehyde or
ketone. X' is Cl, Br or I when n is 0 but preferably be Br or I
when n is 1-5.
Compounds of Formula 1 where X is oxygen and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5
are hydrogen or lower alkyl, with the proviso that R.sub.4 and
R.sub.5 both are not hydrogen, are prepared as per Reaction Scheme
2. ##STR8##
In Reaction Scheme 2 the definitions of R.sub.1 -R.sub.5, n, A, B
and X' are the same as in Reaction Scheme 1.
A general description of the synthetic steps outlined in Reaction
Schemes 1 and 2 is as follows.
In Reaction Scheme 1 the 4-bromo-thio-phenol (Compound 9) is
acylated with an acylating agent, such as an acid chloride
(Compound 10) derived from an appropriately substituted acrylic
acid. The acylation is conducted in an inert solvent (such as
tetrahydrofuran) in the presence of strong base (for example sodium
hydrdride). The resulting thioester (Compound 11) which contains
the olefinic bond of the acrylic acid moiety is ring closed in the
presence of a Fridel Crafts type catalyst (such as aluminum
chloride) by stirring in a suitable solvent such as methylene
chloride. The resulting 2-oxo-6-bromo-thiochromane (Compound 12) is
usually isolated in crystalline form.
The R.sub.4 and/or R.sub.5 substituents (both of which cannot be
hydrogen in accordance with the invention) and which preferably are
identical with one another (for example both are methyl) are
introduced by treating the 2-oxo-6-bromo-thiochroman (Compound 12)
with a Grignard reagent, bearing the alkyl substituents R.sub.4 and
R.sub.5 (such as methylmagnesium bromide when R.sub.4 and R.sub.5
are methyl). It will be readily understood by those skilled in the
art that depending on the relative molecular ratios of the Grignard
reagent and of the oxo-thiochroman compound (Compound 12), and also
depending on the reaction conditions, the primary products of the
reaction may be derivatives where either one or two alkyl groups
have been introduced through the Grignard reaction. When the
Grignard reagent (such as methylmagnesium bromide) is in excess,
the thiochroman ring is opened and the tertiary alcohol derivative
of the 4-bromo thiophenol (Compound 13) is formed.
Ring closure of the thiophenol derivatives (Compound 13) which has
the desired R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5
substituents, is affected by heating in acidic conditions,
preferably by heating Compound 13 in aqueous acid. The resulting
6-bromothiochroman which bears the desired alkyl (or hydrogen) 6
substituents, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is
shown as Compound 14 in Reaction Scheme 1.
To introduce the acetylene (ethyne) portion into the molecule, the
substituted 6-bromothiochroman 14 is reacted with
trimethylsilylacetylene in the presence of cuprous iodide and a
suitable catalyst, typically having the formula Pd(PQ.sub.3).sub.2
Cl.sub.2 (Q is phenyl). The reaction is typically conducted in the
presence of bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride
catalyst, an acid acceptor, (such as triethylamine) under an inert
gas (argon) atmosphere, by heating in a sealed tube. The resulting
6-trimethylsilylethynylthiochroman, is shown as Compound 15 in
Reaction Scheme 1.
As is shown on Reaction Scheme 1, the trimethylsilyl moiety is
removed from the 6-trimethylsilylethynyl-thiochroman 15 in the next
synthetic step, to provide the ring substituted
6-ethynyl-thiochroman derivative (Compound 16). The latter reaction
is conducted under basic conditions, preferably under an inert gas
atmosphere.
In order to introduce the heteroaryl substituent on the acetylene
(ethyne) portion of Compound 16, Compound 16 is coupled with the
reagent X'--A--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B (Formula 3) where the symbols
X', A and B have the same meaning as defined in connection with
Formula 3. In other words, the heteroaryl substituent is introduced
into the 6-thiochromanylethyne 16 by reacting the latter with a
halogen substituted heteroaromatic compound (Formula 3) in which
the heteroaramatic nucleus (A) either has the desired substituent
[(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B] or wherein the actual substituent
(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B can be readily converted to the desired
substituent by means of organic reactions well known in the
art.
Coupling of the 6-thiochromanylethyne 16 with the reagent
X'--A--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B is affected directly in the presence of
cuprous iodide, a suitable catalyst, typically of the formula
Pd(PQ.sub.3).sub.2 Cl.sub.2 and an acid acceptor, such as
triethylamine, by heating in a sealed tube under an inert gas
(argon) atmosphere.
The resulting disubstituted acetylene compound (Compound 18) may be
the target compound made in accordance with the invention, or maybe
readily converted into the target compound by such steps as salt
formation, esterification, deesterification, homologation, amide
formation and the like. These steps are further discussed
below.
Compound 18 may also be obtained by first converting the
6-thiochromanylethyne derivative 16 into the corresponding metal
salt, such as a zinc salt, (Compound 17) and thereafter coupling
the salt 17 with the reagent X'--A--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B (Formula
3) in the presence of a catalyst having the formula
Pd(PQ.sub.3).sub.4 (Q is phenyl), or similar complex.
Derivatization of Compound 18 is indicated in Reaction Scheme 1 as
conversion to "homologs and derivatives", Compounds 19.
More specifically with respect to either derivatization or
deblocking of protected functionalities in Compound 18, or with
respect to the preparation of heteroarometic compounds of the
formula X'--A--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B, (which after coupling either
directly yield the compounds of the invention, or are readily
converted into them) the following is noted.
Where a protected heteroaromatic compound is needed to couple with
the compounds of Formula 2 (Compounds 16 in Reaction Scheme 1),
such may be prepared from their corresponding acids, alcohols,
ketones or aldehydes. These starting materials, the protected
acids, alcohols, aldehydes or ketones, are all available from
chemical manufacturers or can be prepared by published methods.
Carboxylic acids are typically esterified by refluxing the acid in
a solution of the appropriate alcohol in the presence of an acid
catalyst such as hydrogen chloride or thionyl chloride.
Alternatively, the carboxylic acid can be condensed with the
appropriate alcohol in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and
dimethylaminopyridine. The ester is recovered and purified by
conventional means. Acetals and ketals are readily made by the
method described in March, "Advanced Organic Chemistry," 2nd
Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, p 810). Alcohols, aldehydes and
ketones all may be protected by forming respectively, ethers and
esters, acetals or ketals by known methods such as those described
in McOmie, Plenum Publishing Press, 1973 and Protecting Groups, Ed.
Greene, John Wiley & Sons, 1981.
To increase the value of n before effecting a coupling reaction,
where such compounds are not available from a commercial source,
the heteroaromatics where B is --COOH are subjected to homologation
by successive treatment under Arndt-Eistert conditions or other
homologation procedures. Alternatively, heteroaromatics where B is
a different from COOH, may also be homologated by appropriate
procedures. The homologated acids can then be esterified by the
general procedure outlined in the preceding paragraph.
An alternative means for making compounds where n is 1-5 is to
subject the compounds of Formula 1, where B is an acid or other
function, to homologation, using the Arndt-Eistert method referred
to above, or other homologation procedures.
The acids and salts derived from Formula 1 are readily obtainable
from the corresponding esters. Basic saponification with an alkali
metal base will provide the acid. For example, an ester of Formula
1 may be dissolved in a polar solvent such as an alkanol,
preferably under an inert atmosphere at room temperature, with
about a three molar excess of base, for example, potassium
hydroxide. The solution is stirred for an extended period of time,
between 15 and 20 hours, cooled, acidified and the hydrolysate
recovered by conventional means.
The amide may be formed by any appropriate amidation means known in
the art from the corresponding esters or carboxylic acids. One way
to prepare such compounds is to convert an acid to an acid chloride
and then treat that compound with ammonium hydroxide or an
appropriate amine. For example, the acid is treated with an
alcoholic base solution such as ethanolic KOH (in approximately a
10% molar excess) at room temperature for about 30 minutes. The
solvent is removed and the residue taken up in an organic solvent
such as diethyl ether, treated with a dialkyl formamide and then a
10-fold excess of oxalyl chloride. This is all effected at a
moderately reduced temperature between about -10 degrees and +10
degrees C. The last mentioned solution is then stirred at the
reduced temperature for 1-4 hours, preferably 2 hours. Solvent
removal provides a residue which is taken up in an inert inorganic
solvent such as benzene, cooled to about 0 degrees C and treated
with concentrated ammonium hydroxide. The resulting mixture is
stirred at a reduced temperature for 1-4 hours. The product is
recovered by conventional means.
Alcohols are made by converting the corresponding acids to the acid
chloride with thionyl chloride or other means (J. March, "Advanced
Organic Chemistry", 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company), then
reducing the acid chloride with sodium borohydride (March, Ibid,
pg. 1124), which gives the corresponding alcohols. Alternatively,
esters may be reduced with lithium aluminum hydride at reduced
temperatures. Alkylating these alcohols with appropriate alky
halides under Williamson reaction conditions (March, Ibid, pg. 357)
gives the corresponding ethers. These alcohols can be converted to
esters by reacting them with appropriate acids in the presence of
acid catalysts or dicyclohexlcarbodiimide and
dimethlaminopyridine.
Aldehydes can be prepared from the corresponding primary alcohols
using mild oxidizing agents such as pyridinium dichromate in
methylene chloride (Corey, E. J., Schmidt, G., Tet, Lett., 399,
1979), or dimethyl sulfoxide/oxalyl chloride in methylene chloride
(Omura, K., Swern, D., Tetrahedron, 1978, 34, 1651).
Ketones can be prepared from an appropriate aldehyde by treating
the aldehyde with an alkyl Grignard reagent or similar reagent
followed by oxidation.
Acetals or ketals can be prepared from the corresponding aldehyde
or ketone by the method described in March, Ibid, p 810.
Compounds where B is H can be prepared from the corresponding
halo-heterocyclic entity, preferably where the halogen is I.
With reference to Reaction Scheme 2, phenol, or a phenol
substituted in the 3 (meta) position by an alkyl substituent
(R.sub.3) (Compound 20) is acylated with an acylating agent, such
as an acid chloride (Compound 10) derived from an appropriately
substituted acrylic acid. In Reaction Scheme 2, just as in Reaction
Scheme 1, the R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 substituents of the target
compounds are introduced through this acrylic acid derivative 10.
The acylation with the acid chloride 10 is preferably conducted in
the presence of a strong base (e.g. sodium hydride) in an inert
solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran). The resulting substituted
phenyl-acrylate is shown in Reaction Scheme 2 as Compound 21.
The substituted phenyl-acrylate 21 is ring closed under Friedel
Crafts type reaction conditions (AlCl.sub.3 catalyst, in an inert
solvent, such as methylene chloride) to provide the 2-oxo-chroman
compound (Compound 22) which bears, in the 4-position, the R.sub.1
and R.sub.2 substituents and in the 6-position the R.sub.3
substituent (as applicable). Just like the analogous
2-oxo-thiochroman 12 in Reaction Scheme 1, the 2-oxo-chroman 22 of
Reaction Scheme 2 is treated with a Grignard reagent to introduce
the R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 substituents. As it was noted out above,
R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 both cannot be hydrogen, and in the preferred
embodiments R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are identical, for example both are
methyl or ethyl. When R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are methyl, the Grignard
reagent is preferably methylmagnesium chloride (dissolved in
tetrahydrofuran, THF). A solution of Compound 22 in a suitable
solvent, for example in dry diethylether is added to this Grignard
reagent. The resulting phenol containing a tertiary alcohol side
chain, (that is a molecule in which the chroman ring had been
opened) is shown in Reaction Scheme 2 as Compound 23.
Compound 23 which already has the desired R.sub.1, R.sub.2,
R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 substituents, is ring closed under
acidic conditions, (e.g. by heating in aqueous sulfuric acid) to
provide the chromane derivative (Compound 24). It should be noted
that up to this point in the synthetic sequence (which is
preferably but not necessarily exclusively used for making the
compounds of the invention) similar or analogous steps are involved
for making both the thiochroman (Reaction Scheme 1) and chroman
derivatives (Reaction Scheme 2), the only difference being that in
Reaction Scheme 2 the starting phenol derivative does not have a
halogen (such as a bromo) substituent.
Because of the lack of the halogen substituent in the preferred
synthetic sequence for preparing the chroman compounds of the
invention, the preferred and herein illustrated steps (Reaction
Scheme 2) for introducing the acetylene (ethyne) group into the
6-position of the chroman moiety are different from the steps
utilized for introducing the acetylene moiety into the analogous
thiochroman (Reaction Scheme 1).
Thus, in Reaction Scheme 2 an acetyl group is introduced into the
6-position of the chroman derivative 24 under Friedel Crafts type
conditions. This acetylation is preferably conducted with acetyl
chloride, in nitromethane solvent, in the presence of aluminum
chloride. The resulting 6-acetyl-chroman derivative is Compound
25.
The acetylchic (triple) bond is introduced into the molecule by
converting the 6-acetyl moiety of chroman 25 to an acetylene
moiety. This is accomplished, preferably, by treatment with lithium
diisopropylamide (at low temperature, such as -78 degrees C.) which
causes enolization of the acetyl group. The intermediate enol
compound (not shown in Reaction Scheme 2) is esterified by
treatment-with diethylchlorophosphate (or the like) and is again
reacted at reduced temperature (e.g. -78 degrees C.) with lithium
diisopropylamide, to form the triple bond (presumably by an
elimination reaction) and to yield the 6-ethynyl-chroman derivative
(Compound 26).
It is noted at this point that the present invention is not
intended to be limited or bound by the above-mentioned and other
theories of reaction mechanisms. Brief description of theory of
reaction mechanisms (where applicable) are given to further enable
and facilitate the work of a skilled artisan in the field to modify
and adjust the synthetic conditions to fit particular specific
intermediates and to make the several compounds of the invention,
without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Referring back again to Reaction Scheme 2, the 6-ethynylchroman
derivative 26 may be converted into the target compounds of the
invention in synthetic steps which are analogous to the conversion
of 6-ethynyl-thiochromans (Compound 16) into the corresponding
target thiochroman derivatives (See Reaction Scheme 1). Briefly,
Compound 26 is preferably heated with a reagent
X'--A--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B (Formula 3) in the presence of cuprous
iodide, a suitable catalyst, typically of the formula
Pd(PQ.sub.3).sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (Q is phenyl or the like) and an acid
acceptor, such as triethylamine. This coupling reaction, yields the
target chroman compounds, (Compound 28) or such derivatives which
are readily converted into the target compounds by protection,
deprotection, esterification, homologation etc., as is discussed in
connectin with Reaction Scheme 1. The homologs are indicated, as a
group, as Compound 28a in Reaction Scheme 2.
Alternatively, the 6-ethynyl-chroman compounds 26 may first be
converted to the corresponding metal (zinc) salt (Compound 27) and
thereafter coupled with the reagent X'--A--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B
(Formula 3) under conditions which are similar to the conditions
described in Reaction Scheme 1 for coupling of Compounds 18 with
the same reagent.
The compounds of the invention where X=NR.sup.1 (R.sup.1 is H or
lower alkyl) can be made, for example, in a synthetic sequence
which is analogous to the sequences described in the sequences
described in Reaction Schemes 1 and 2, but starting with an
appropriately substituted aniline derivative instead of a
thiophenol or phenol.
The following examples of specific compounds of the invention, and
specific examples of the synthetic steps in which the compounds and
certain intermediates are made, are set out to illustrate the
invention, not to limit its scope.
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES
Ethyl 6-chloronicotinate (Compound 29)
A mixture of 15.75 g (0.1 mol) 6-chloronicotinic acid, 6.9 g (0.15
mol) ethanol, 22.7 g (0.11 mol) dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 3.7 g
dimethylaminopyridine in 200 ml methylene chloride was heated at
reflux for 2 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool, solvent
removed in vacuo and residue subjected to flash chromatography to
give the title compound as a low-melting white solid. PHR
(CDCl.sub.3): & 1.44 (3H, t, J-6.2 Hz) 4.44 (2H, q, J-4.4 Hz),
7.44-(1H, d, J-8.1 Hz), 8.27 (1H, dd, J-8.1 Hz, 3 Hz), 9.02 (1H, d,
J-3 Hz).
The foregoing procedure may be used to esterify any of the other
halo-substituted acids employed in the making of these compounds
such as:
ethyl 2-(2-chloropyrid-5-yl)acetate;
ethyl 5-(2-chloropyrid-5-yl)pentanoate;
ethyl 2-(2-iodofur-5-yl)acetate;
ethyl 5-(2-iodofur-5-yl)pentanoate;
ethyl 2-(2-iodothien-5-yl)acetate;
ethyl 5-(2-iodothien-5-yl)pentanoate;
ethyl 2-(3-chloropyridazin-6-yl)acetate;
ethyl 5-(3-chloropyridazin-6-yl)pentanoate; and the corresponding
chloro, or other halo, substituted pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl
analogues of such esters. The just mentioned esters (including
ethyl-6-chloronicotinate, Compound 29) can serve as the reagents,
X.sup.1 --A--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B for coupling with the
correspoding ethynyl compounds (such as Compounds 16 and 25, or
their zinc salts 17 and 27) to provide the target compounds of the
invention.
S-(4-bromopenyl) 3,3-dimethylthioacrylate (Compound 30)
To an ice bath cooled solution of 1.92 g (80 mmol) of NaH (obtained
from a 60% suspension in mineral oil by 3 x 15 ml hexane wash) in
30 ml of dry THF was added slowly under argon a solution of 15.1 g
(80 mmol) of 4-bromothiophenol in 60 ml of dry THF over 1 h. The
mixture was stirred at 0 degrees C. for a further 30 min and then
treated with a solution of 10.1 g (85 mmol) of dimethylacryloyl
chloride in 30 ml of dry THF. The cooling bath was then removed and
the mixture then stirred at room temperature for 40 h. The reaction
mixture was poured into 200 ml of water containing 2 ml of glacial
acetic acid and the organic layer was separated. The organic layer
was washed with 2 x 75 ml of water and then dried (MgSO.sub.4). The
solvent was removed in vacuo to give the title compound as a yellow
oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.91 (3H, s), 2.14 (3H, s), 6.03-6.06
(1H, m), 7.28 (2H, d, J-8.6 Hz), 7.53 (2H, d, J-8.6 Hz).
4,4-Dimethyl-6-bromo-2-oxo-thiochroman (Compound 31)
To a stirred, ice-cooled suspension of 15.9 g (119 mmol) of
aluminum chloride in 140 ml of methylene chloride was added under
nitrogen a solution of 21.64 g (79.9 mmol) of S-(4-bromophenyl)
3,3-dimethyl-thioacrylate (Compound 30) in 100 ml of methylene
chloride. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 72 h
and then poured into 250 g of an ice and brine mixture. The mixture
was extracted with methylene chloride and the combined organic
extracts were washed with saturated NaCl solution and then dried
(MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue
recrystallized from hexanes to give the title compound as white
crystals. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.40 (6H, s), 2.67 (2H, s),
7.31-7.40 (3H, m). MS exact mass, m/e 269.9714 (calcd. for C.sub.11
H.sub.11 SOBr, 269.9714).
4-Bromo-2-(1,1,3-trimethyl-3-hydroxybutyl) thiophenol (Compound
32)
To 3.49 g (32.8 mmol) of lithium perchlorate was added under argon
35 ml of 3.0M (105 mmol) methyl magnesium bromide in ether. The
above mixture was treated dropwise with stirring with a solution of
2.961 g (10.926 mmol) of 4,4-dimethyl-6-bromo-2-oxo-thiochroman
(Compound 31) and the reaction mixture was then heated at reflux
for 70 h. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool and poured
onto a mixture of 100 g of ice and 8 ml of conc. H.sub.2 SO.sub.4.
The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted
with 2 x 25 ml of ether. The organic layers were combined and
washed successively with 2 x 25 ml of saturated NaHCO.sub.3
solution, 25 ml of water and 25 ml of saturated NaCl solution and
then dried (MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was removed in-vacuo and the
residue purified by flash chromatography to give the title compound
as a pale yellow oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.05 (6H, s), 1.52
(6H, s), 2.30 (2H, s), 3.71 (1H, s), 7.22 (1H, dd, J-8.5 Hz, 2.1
Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J-8.5 Hz), 7.35 (1H, d, J-2.1 Hz)
Using ethyl magnesium bromide, instead of methyl magnesium bromide,
provides the corresponding 4-bromo-2- (1,1-dimethyl
3-ethyl-3-hydroxypentyl)-thiophenol.
2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-6-bromothiochroman (Compound 33)
A mixture of 500 mg (1.49 mmol) of
4-bromo-2-(1,1,3-trimethyl-3-hydroxybutyl) thiophenol (Compound 32)
and 8 ml of 20 percent aqueous H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 was heated at
reflux for 24 h. The mixture was extracted with hexanes, the
organic extracts were combined and washed successively with water,
saturated NaHCO.sub.3, water again, saturated NaCl and then dried
(MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue
purified by flash chromatography (silica; hexanes) to give the
title compound as a colorless oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.35
(6H, s), 1.40 (6H, s), 1.93 (2H, s), 7.17 (1H, dd, J-8.4 Hz, 2.1
Hz), 7.23 (1H, d, J-8.4 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J-2.1 Hz). MS exact mass,
m/e 284.0221 (calcd. for C.sub.13 H.sub.17 S Br, 284.0234).
2,2,4,4,-Tetramethyl-6-trimethylsilylethynyl-thiochroman (Compound
34)
A solution of 600 mg (2.11 mmol) of
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-bromothiochroman (Compound 33) in 1.5 ml of
triethylamine was placed in a heavy-walled tube and degassed and
then treated under argon with 1.4 g (14.3 mmol) of
trimethylsilylacetylene and a powdered mixture of 75 mg (0.39 mmol)
of cuprous iodide and 150 mg (0.21 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine)
palladium (II) chloride. The reaction mixture was degassed again,
then placed under argon and the tube was sealed. The mixture was
heated at 100 degrees C. for 24 h, allowed to cool to room
temperature and then treated with a further 1.4 g (14.3 mmol) of
trimethylsilylacetylene and a powdered mixture of 75 mg (0.39 mmol)
of cuprous iodide and 150 mg (0.21 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine)
palladium (II) chloride. The mixture was then degassed, placed
under argon and then heated in the sealed tube at 100 degrees C.
for 96 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted
with 3 x 10 ml of ether. The organic extracts were combined, washed
successively with 25 ml of water and 25 ml of saturated sodium
chloride solution and then dried (MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was
removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash chromatography
(silica; hexanes followed by 3% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give
the title compound as a yellow, crystalline solid. PMR
(CDCl.sub.3): & 0.23 (9H, s), 1.36 (6H, s), 1.39 (6H, s), 1.94
(2H, s), 7.17 (1H, dd, J-8.2 Hz, 1.8 Hz), 7.25 (1H, d, J-1.8 Hz),
7.30 (1H, d, J-8.2 Hz). MS exact mass, m/l 302.1519 (calcd. for
C.sub.18 H.sub.26 S Si, 382.1524).
2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-6-ethynylthiochroman (Compound 35)
To a solution of 527.6 mg (1.75 mmol) of
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-trimethylsilyl-ethynylthiochroman (Compound
34) in 4 ml of isopropanol was added, under argon, 4 ml of 1N KOH
solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for
20 h and the isopropanol was then removed under vacuum. The residue
was extracted with ether and the combined ether extracts were
washed successively with water and saturated NaCl solution and then
dried (MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the
title compound as a yellow oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.34 (6H,
s), 1.37 (6H, s), 1.91 (2H, s), 2.99 (1H, s), 7.17 (1H, dd, J-8.1
Hz, 1.8 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J-1.8 Hz), 7.30 (1H, d, J-8.1 Hz). MS
exact mass, m/e 230.1122 (calcd. for C.sub.15 H.sub.18 S,
230.1129)
Ethyl 6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-thiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl]nicotinate
(Compound 1)
A solution of 232 mg (1.01 mmol) of
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-ethynylthiochroman (Compound 35) and 190 mg
(1.03 mmol) of ethyl 6-chloro-nicotinate (Compound 29) in 2 ml of
triethylamine was placed in a heavy-walled glass tube, degassed,
placed under argon and then treated with a powdered mixture of 53
mg (0.28 mmol) of cuprous iodide and 84 mg (0.12 mmol) of
bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride. The mixture was
degassed again, placed under argon and the tube was sealed. The
reaction mixture was heated at 55 degrees C. for 60 h and then
cooled to room temperature. The mixture was treated with water and
ether and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was
extracted with ether, the organic layers were then combined and
washed with saturated NaCl solution and then dried (MgSO.sub.4).
The solvent was removed in vacuo and the resultant residue was
purified by flash chromatograhy (silica; 10% ethyl acetate in
hexanes) to give the title compound as a dark yellow oil. PMR
(CDCl.sub.3): & 1.32-1.43 (15H, m), 1.92 (2H, s), 4.38 (2H, q,
J-7.1 Hz), 7.28 (1H, dd, J-8.3 Hz, 1.8 Hz), 7.32-7.38 (2H, m), 7.53
(1H, d, J-8.3 Hz), 8.24 (1H, dd, J-8.2 Hz, 2.2 Hz), 9.16 (1H, d,
J-2.2 Hz). MS exact mass, m/e 379.1594 (calcd. for C.sub.23
H.sub.25 NO.sub.2 S, 379.1606).
Using the method for the preparation of Compound 1, but
substituting the appropriate ethynylthiochroman (Compound 16 in
Reaction Scheme 1) and the appropriate halo substituted
heteroaromatic ester (Formula 3, prepared for example as
specifically described for Compound 29) the following compounds of
the invention may be prepared:
ethyl
6-[(2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl]nicotinate;
ethyl
6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl]nicotinate;
ethyl
6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-propylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl]nicotinate;
ethyl
6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl]nicotinate;
ethyl
[((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrid-5-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrid-5-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]acetate
ethyl
[((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]acetate
;
ethyl
3-[((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-2-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]propionate;
ethyl
3-[((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]propionate;
ethyl
3-[((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]propi
onate;
ethyl
3-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]propio
nate;
ethyl
5-[((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrid-5-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]penta
noate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-fur-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-fur-2-yl]acetate
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4,-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)fur-2-yl]acetat
e;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)fur-2-yl]acetate
;
ethyl
5-[((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-fur-2-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[5((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)fur-2-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)fur-2-yl]penta
noate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)fur-2-yl]penta
noate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-thien-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-thien-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)thien-2-yl]aceta
te;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)thien-2-yl]aceta
te;
ethyl
5-[5-2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)-thien-2-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)thien-2-yl]pentanoat
e;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)thien-2-yl]pen
tanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)thien-2-yl]pen
tanoate;
ethyl
[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyridazin-3-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[6((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyridazin-3-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]a
cetate;
ethyl
[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]a
cetate;
ethyl-5-[6((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyridazin-3-yl]pen
tanoate;
ethyl
5-[6-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]pentan
oate;
ethyl
5-[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl
]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl
]pentanoate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl]acetate
;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]a
cetate;
ethyl [5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethy!
-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
5-[5-(2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl]pentanoa
te;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]penta
noate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl
]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl
]pentanoate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrazin-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrazin-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]ace
tate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]ace
tate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrazin-2-yl]pentanoat
e;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]pentano
ate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]p
entanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]p
entanoate;
ethyl
6-[(2,2-diethyl-4,4-dimethylthiochroman-6-yl)-ethynyl]nicotinate;
and
ethyl
6-[2,2-diethyl-4,4,7-trimethylthiochroman-6-yl)ethynyl]nicotinate.
Phenyl 3.3-dimethylacrylate (Compound 37)
To an ice bath cooled solution of 1.29 g .(54 mmol) of NaH
(obtained from a 60% suspension in mineral oil-by 3x10 ml hexane
wash) in 20 ml of dry THF was added slowly under oxygen a solution
of 5 g (53 mmol) of phenol in 50 ml of dry THF. The mixture was
then treated with a solution of 7 g (59 mmol) of dimethylacryloyl
chloride in 30 ml of dry THF. The cooling bath was then removed and
the mixture was stirred for a further 2.5 h. The reaction mixture
was then poured into 150 ml of water containing 1 ml of glacial
acetic acid. The mixture was extracted with 150 ml ether and the
ether extract washed with saturated NaCl solution and then dried
(MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue
purified by flash chromatography (silica; 5% ether in hexanes) to
give the title compound as a yellow oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3)): &
1.99 (3H, s), 2.24 (3H, s), 5.93 (1H, broad s), 7.10 (2H, d, J-7.8
Hz) 7.22 (1H, t, J-7.8 Hz), 7.38 (2H, t, J-7.8 Hz).
4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxo-chroman (Compound 38)
To a stirred, ice-cooled suspension of 10.4 g (78 mmol) of aluminum
chloride in 160 ml of methylene chloride was added slowly under
argon a solution of 7 g (39.8 mmol) of phenyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate
(Compound 37) in 40 ml of methylene chloride. The cooling bath was
removed and the mixture stirred for a further 42 h. The mixture was
poured into a mixture of ice and brine and the organic layer
separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride
and the organic extracts were combined and washed with saturated
NaCl solution and then dried (MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was removed
in vacuo and the residue purified by flash chromatography (silica;
10% ether in hexane) to give the title compound as a colorless oil.
PMR (CDCl.sub.3 : & 1.30 (6H, s), 2.56 (2H, s), 7.06 (1H, dd,
J-8.0 Hz, 1.4 Hz), 7.16 (1H, td, J-8.0 Hz, 1.4 Hz), 7.26 (1H, td,
J-8.0 Hz, 1.7 Hz), 7.33 (1H, dd, J-8.0 Hz, 1.7 Hz). MS exact mass,
m/e 176.0852 (calcd. for C.sub.11 H.sub.12 O.sub.2, 176.0837.
2-(1,1.3-Trimethyl-3-hydroxybuty)phenol (Compound 39)
To 11 ml of 3.0M (33 mmol) methyl magnesium chloride in THF, cooled
in an ice bath, was added, under nitrogen, a solution of 1.96 g
(11.1 mmol) of 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-chroman (Compound 38) in 35 ml of
dry ether. The cooling bath was then removed and the mixture
stirred at room temperature for 72 h. The reaction mixture was then
poured onto a mixture of 100 g of ice and 3 ml of conc. H.sub.2
SO.sub.4 and stirred until the magnesium salts were dissolved. The
organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with
2x50 ml of ether. The organic layers were combined and washed
successively with water, saturated NaHCO.sub.3 and saturated NaCl
solutions and then dried (MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was removed in
vacuo and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica;
20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give the title compound as a pale
yellow solid. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.13 (6H, s), 1.48 (6H, s),
1.89 (1H, s), 2.23 (2H, s), 6.60 (1H, dd, J-7.9 Hz, 1.4 Hz), 6.83
(1H, s), 6.84 (1H, td, J-7.9 Hz, 1.4 Hz), 7.07 (1H, td, J-7.9 Hz,
1.6 Hz), 7.31 (1H, dd, J-7.9 Hz, 1.6 Hz). MS exact mass, m/e
208.1458 (calcd. for C.sub.13 H.sub.20 O.sub.2, 208.1464).
2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-chroman (Compound 40)
A mixture of 2.98 g (14.3 mmol) of
2-(1,1,3-trimethyl-3-hydroxybutyl) phenol (Compound 39) and 40 ml
of 20% aqueous H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 was heated at reflux, under
nitrogen, for 4 h. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for
a further 72 h and then diluted with 50 ml of water. The mixture
was extracted with 3x20 ml of hexanes. The organic extracts were
then combined and washed successively with water and saturated NaCl
solution and then dried (MgSO4). The solvent was then removed in
vacuo to give the title compound as a colorless oil. PMR
(CDCl.sub.3): & 1.36 (6H, s), 1.37 (6H, s), 1.83 (2H, s), 6.71
(1H, dd, J-8.2 Hz, 1.5 Hz) 6.92 (1H, td, J-8.2 Hz, 1.5 Hz), 7.09
(1H, td, J-8.2 Hz, 1.5 Hz), 7.29 (1H, dd, J-8.2 Hz, 1.5 Hz).
2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-6-acetyl-chroman (Compound 41)
To an ice bath cooled solution of 2 g (10.53 mmol) of
2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman (Compound 40) in 25 ml of nitromethane
was added, under nitrogen, 941 mg (11.99 mmol) of acetyl chloride
followed by 1.59 g (11.92) mmol) of aluminum chloride. The cooling
bath was then removed and the mixture stirred at room temperature
for 16 h. The mixture was then cooled again in an ice bath and
treated with 25 ml of conc. HCl. The mixture was then filtered and
the residue washed with methylene chloride. The filtrate was
concentrated in vacuo and the resultant residue was purified by
flash chromatography (silica; 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give
the title compound as a yellow oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.38
(6H, s), 1.39 (6H, s), 1.87 (2H, s), 2.56 (3H, s), 6.83 (1H, d,
J-8.7 Hz), 7.71 (1H, dd, J-8.7 Hz, 2.1 Hz), 7.98 (1H, d, J-2.1 Hz).
MS exact mass, m/e 232.1468 (calcd. for C.sub.13 H.sub.20 O.sub.2,
232.1464).
2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-6-ethynyl-chroman (Compound 42)
To a cooled (-78 degrees C.) solution of 522 mg (5.17 mmol) of
diisopropylamine in 8 ml of dry THF was added slowly, under
nitrogen, 3.23 ml of 1.6M (5.17 mmol) n-butyl lithium in hexane.
The mixture was stirred at -78 degrees C. for 40 minutes and then
treated with a solution of 1.24 g (5.17 mmol) of
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-acetylchroman (Compound 41) in 2 ml of dry
THF. The mixture was stirred at -78 degrees C. for a further 1 h
and then treated with 895 mg (5.19 mmol) of diethylchlorophosphate.
The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and
transferred by double-ended needle into a solution of lithium
diisopropylamide in THF at -78 degrees C. [prepared as described
above from 1.04 g (10.34 mmol) of diisopropylamine and 6.46 ml of
1.6M (10.34 mmol) n-butyl lithium in hexane]. The cooling bath was
removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h.
The mixture was then treated with 10 ml of ice water and acidified
to a pH of 2 with 10% HCl. The organic layer was separated and the
aqueous layer was extracted with 3x30 ml of pentane. The organic
extracts were combined and washed successively with 2x30 ml of
dilute HCl, water, 3x30 ml of saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution and
saturated NaCl solution and then dried (MgSO.sub.4). The solvent
was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash
chromatography (silica; 2% ethyl acetate in hexane) to give the
title compound as a pale yellow oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3 ): & 1.31
(6H, s), 1.32 (6H, s), 1.50 (2H, s), 3.00 (1a, s), 6.72 (1H, d,
J-8.4 Hz), 7.20 (1H, dd, J-8.4 Hz, 2.1 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, J-2.1 Hz).
MS exact mass, m/e 214.1251 (calcd. for C.sub.15 H.sub.18 O,
214.1357).
Ethyl 6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl]-ethynyl]nicotinate
(Compound 3)
A solution of 233 mg (1.09 mmol) of
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-ethynylchroman (Compound 42) and 209 mg (1.09
mmol) of ethyl 6-chloronicotinate (Compound 29) in 1 ml of
triethylamine was degassed and then treated under argon with a
powdered mixture of 50 mg (0.26 mmol) of cuprous iodide and 100 mg
(0.14 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride. The
reaction mixture was heated under argon at 55 degrees C. for 80 h
and then cooled to room temperature. The triethylamine was then
removed under vacuum and the residue purified by flash
chromatography (silica; 5% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give the
title compound as a yellow oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.36 (12H,
s), 1.42 (3H, t, J-7.2 Hz), 1.85 (2H, s), 4.37 (2H, q, J-7.2 Hz),
6.79 (1H, d, J-0.4 Hz), 7.34 (1H, dd, J-8.4 Hz, 2.1 Hz), 7.56 (1H,
d, J-8.7 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J-2.1 Hz), 8.27 (1H, dd, J-8.7 Hz, 2.4
Hz), 9.19 (1H, d, J-2.4 Hz). MS exact masss, m/e 363.1837 (calcd.
for C.sub.23 H.sub.25 O.sub.3 N, 363.1834).
3-Methyl-phenyl-3,3-dimethylacrylate (Compound 44)
A 60% suspension of sodium hydride (3.22 g; 81 mmol) in mineral oil
was washed with 3x10 ml of hexane and then treated with 30 ml of
dry THF. This mixture was cooled in an ice-bath and then treated
with a solution of 8.6 g (79.5 mmol) of m-cresol in 80 ml of dry
THF. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 min and then treated
with a solution of 10.5 g (88.5 mmol) of dimethylacryloyl chloride
in 40 ml of dry THF. The reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 96 h and then poured into a mixture of 150 ml of
water and 1 ml of glacial acetic acid. The mixture was stirred for
10 min and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was
extracted with 2x50 ml of ether. The organic layers were combined
and washed successively with water and saturated NaCl solution and
then dried (MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the
residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica; 10% ethyl
acetate in hexane) to give the title compound as a pale yellow oil.
PHR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.95 (3H, d, J-1.3 Hz), 2.21 (3H, d, J-1.2
Hz), 2.34 (3H, s), 5.90 (1H, broad S), 6.86-6.93 (2H, m), 7.01 (1H,
d, J-7.2 Hz), 7.24 (1H, t, J-7.2 Hz).
2-(1,1,3-Trimethyl-3-hydroxybutyl) 5-methyl-phenol (Compound
45)
To an ice-bath cooled suspension of 13 g (97.5 mmol) of aluminum
chloride in 200 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise under
argon a solution of 9.0 g (47.4 mmol) of
3-methyl-phenyl-3,3-dimethylacrylate (Compound 44) in 100 ml of
methylene chloride. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 degrees
C. for a further 30 min and then at room temperature for 15 h. The
reaction mixture was poured into 200 ml of an ice water/salt
mixture and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was
extracted with 50 ml of ether. The organic layers were combined and
washed successively with water and saturated NaCl solution and then
dried (MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the
residue purified by flash chromatography (silica; 5% ethyl acetate
in hexane) to give an approximately 2.5:1 mixture of isomeric
products, 4,4,7-trimethyl-2-oxo-chroman and
4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-chroman as a pale yellow oil. To a solution
of 3.8 g (20 mmol) of this mixture of isomeric 2-oxo-chromans in 60
ml of ether at 0 degrees C. was added under argon 20 ml of 3.0M (60
mmol) of methyl magnesium bromide in ether. The reaction mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 48 h and then poured onto a
mixture of ice and 1 ml of conc. H.sub.2 SO.sub.4. The organic
layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with 2x50 ml of
ether. The organic layers were combined and washed successively
with water, saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, water again and then
saturated NaCl solution and then dried (MgSO.sub.4). The solvent
was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash
chromatography (silica; 15 % ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give the
title compound as a colorless oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.14
(6H, s), 1.45 (6H, s), 2.19 (3H, s), 2.21 (2H, s), 6.39 (1H, d,
J-1.8 Hz), 6.67 (1H, dd, J-7.9 Hz, 1.8 Hz), 7.16 (1H, d, J-7.9 Hz),
7.44 (1H, s).
2,2,4,4,7-Pentamethyl-chroman (Compound 46)
To 2.16 g (11.7 mmol) of 2-(1,1,3-trimethyl-3-hydroxybutyl)
5-methyl-phenol (Compound 45) was added under nitrogen 50 ml of 20%
aqueous sulfuric acid. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux
for 13 h and then cooled. The organic layer was separated and the
aqueous layer was extracted with ether. The organic extracts were
combined and washed successively with water, saturated NaHCO.sub.3
solution, water again and saturated NaCl solution and then dried
(MgSO.sub.4). The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the title
compound as a yellow oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.32 (6H, s),
1.34 (6H, s), 1.81 (2H, s), 2.26 (3H, s), 6.63 (1H, s), 6.72 (1H,
d, J-7.9 Hz), 7.15 (1H, d, J-7.9 Hz).
2,2,4,4,7-Pentamethyl-6-acetyl-chroman (Compound 47)
To an ice-bath cooled solution of 1.96 g (9.6 mmol) of
2,2,4,4,7-pentamethyl-chroman (Compound 46) in 30 ml of
nitromethane was added under argon 1.059 g (13.5 mmol) of acetyl
chloride followed by 1.9 g (14.3 mmol) of aluminum chloride. The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 14 h and then
cooled in an ice-bath and treated with 25 ml of conc. HCl. The
mixture was warmed to room temperature and diluted with ether and
water. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer
extracted with ether. The organic extracts were combined and washed
successively with water, saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, water
again, and saturated NaCl solution, and then dried (MgSO.sub.4).
The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by
flash chromatography (silica; 5% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give
the title compound as a pale yellow oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): &
1.36 (6H, s), 1.37 (6H, s), 1.86 (2H, s), 2.49 (3H, s), 2.56 (3H,
s), 6.65 (1H, s), 7.74 (1H, s).
2,2,4,4,7-Pentamethyl-6-ethynyl-chroman (Compound 48)
To a solution of 455 mg (4.5 mmol) of disopropylamine in 5 ml of
dry THF at -78 degrees C. was added under argon 3 ml of 1.5M n-BuLi
in hexane. The mixture was stirred at -78 degrees C. for a further
45 min and then treated with a solution of 1.07 g (4.3 mmol) of
2,2,4,4,7-pentamethyl-6-acetyl-chroman (Compound 47) in 4 ml of dry
THF. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 degrees C. for 1 h and
then treated with 776 mg (4.5 mmol) of diethyl chlorophosphate. The
mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and then
transferred by a double-ended needle into a solution of lithium
diisopropyl amide in 10 ml dry THF at -78 degrees C. which was
prepared as described above using 910 mg (9.0 mmol) of
diisopropylamine and 6 ml of 1.5M (9.0 mmol) n-BuLi in hexane. The
mixture was stirred at room temperature fur 15 h and then poured
into 10 ml of iced water. The mixture was acidified to pH=2 with
10% HCl solution. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous
layer extracted with pentans. The organic extracts were combined
and washed successively with water, saturated NaHCO.sub.3 and
saturated NaCl solutions and then dried (MgSO.sub.4). The solvent
was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by Kugelrohr
distillation (82 degrees C., 0.3 mm) to give the title compound as
a pale yellow oil. PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.32 (6H, s), 1.34 (6H,
s), 1.81 (2H, s), 2.36 (3H, s), 3.18 (1H, s), 6.64 (1H, s), 7.40 1H
(s). MS exact mass, m/e 228.1520 (calcd. for C.sub.16 H.sub.20 O,
228.1514).
Ethyl-6-[(2,2,4,4,7-pentamethyl-6-chromanyl)-ethynyl] nicotinate
(Compound 7)
A solution of 300 mg (1.316 mmol) of
2,2,4,4,7-pentamethyl-6-ethynyl-chroman (Compound 48) and 245.6 mg
(1.3276 mmol) of ethyl 6-chloro-nicotinate (Compound 29) in 2 ml of
triethylamine was placed in a pressure tube and a stream of
nitrogen was bubbled through the solution for 15 min. The tube was
then flushed with argon and a finely ground mixture of 100 mg
(0.1425 mmol) of bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride
and 50 mg (0.2625 mmol) of cuprous iodide was added to the
solution. The pressure tube was then sealed and the reaction
mixture heated at 60 degrees C. for 72 h. The mixture was cooled to
room temperature and the triethylamine removed under vacuum. The
residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica; 10% ethyl
acetate in hexane) to give the title compound as a yellow solid.
PMR (CDCl.sub.3): & 1.37 (6H, s), 1.38 (6H, s), 1.44 (3H, t,
J-7.2 Hz), 1.85 (2H, s), 2.49 (3H, s), 4.43 (2H, q, J-7.2 Hz), 6.70
(1H, s), 7.55-7.61 (2H, m), 8.28 (1H, dd, J-8.2 Hz, 2.1 Hz), 9.22
(1H, d, J-2.1 Hz). MS exact mass, m/e 377.1982 (calcd. for C.sub.24
H.sub.27 O.sub.3 N, 377.1991).
2-[2,2(4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]-5-hydroxymethylpyridine
(Compound 50)
A 250 ml 3-necked flask is fitted with a stirrer, a dropping
funnel, a nitrogen inlet and a thermometer. In the flask is placed
a solution of 379.5 mg (10 mmol) of lithium aluminum hydride in 30
ml of dry diethyl ether. The solution is cooled to -65 degrees C.
under nitrogen and a solution of 3.632 g (10 mmol) of ethyl
6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]-nicotinate (Compound
43) in 15 ml of dry ether is added dropwise at a rate such that the
temperature does not exceed -60 degrees C. The mixture is stirred
at -30 degrees C. for 1 hour and the excess hydride is then
destroyed by the addition of 300 mg (3.4 mmol) of ethyl acetate.
The reaction mixture is then hydrolyzed by adding 3 ml of saturated
ammonium chloride solution and allowing the temperature to rise to
room temperature. The mixture is then filtered and the residue
washed with ether. The ether layer is then washed with saturated
solium chloride solution, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and then concentrated
in vacuo. The residue is purified by chromatograhy followed by
recrystallization to give the title compound.
By the same process, acids or esters of this invention may be
converted to their corresponding primary alcohols.
2-[2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]-5-acetoxymethylpyridine
(Compound 51)
A solution of 3.09 g (10 mmol) of
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-[2-(5-hydroxymethylpyrid-2-yl)ethynyl]chroman
(Compound 50) 600 mg (10 mmol) of glacial acetic acid, 2.06 g (10
mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 460 mg (3.765 mmol) of
4-dimethylaminopyridine in 150 ml methylene chloride is stirred at
room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture is then
filtered and the residue washed with 50 ml of methlene chloride.
The filtrate is then concentrated in vacuo and the residue is
purified by chromatography followed by recrystallization to give
the title compound.
Proceeding in the same manner, other alcohols of this invention may
be esterified.
2-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]-pyridine-5-carboxaldehyde
(Compound 52)
A solution of 1.396 g (11 mmol) of freshly distilled oxalyl
chloride in 25 ml of methylene chloride is placed in a 4-necked
flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and two
pressure-equalizing addition funnels fitted with drying tubes. The
solution is cooled to -60 degrees C. and then treated dropwise with
a solution of 1.875 g (24 mmol) of dimethyl sulfoxide (distilled
from calcium hydride) in 5 ml of methylene chloride over a five
minute period. The reaction mixture is then stirred at -60 degrees
C. for an additional 10 minutes. A solution of 3.10 g (10 mmol) of
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-[(5-hydroxymethylpyrid-2-yl)ethynyl]-chroman
(Compound 50) in 10 ml of methylene chloride is then added to the
reaction mixture over a period of 5 minutes. The mixture is stirred
for a further 15 minutes and is then treated with 5.06 g (50 mmol)
of triethylamine. The cooling bath is then removed and the mixture
is allowed to warm to room temperature. Thirty ml of water is then
added to the mixture and stirring is continued for a further 10
minutes. The organic layer is then separated and the aqueous layer
is extracted with 20 ml of methylene chloride. The organic layers
are then combined and washed successively with dilute HCl, water
and dilute Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 solution and then dried (MgSO.sub.4).
The solution is then filtered and concentrated in vacuo and the
residue is purified by chromatography followed by recrystallization
to give the title compound.
Primary alcohols of this invention may be oxidized to their
corresponging aldehydes by this method.
2-[(2,2,4.4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]-5-(1-hydroxyropyl)pyridine
(Compound 53)
Four ml of a 3M (12 mmol) solution of ethylmagnesium bromide in
ether is placed in a 3-necked flask fitted with a mechanical
stirrer, a reflux condenser protected by a drying tube and a
pressure-equalizing dropping funnel protected by a drying tube. The
flask is cooled in an ice bath and a solution of 2.98 g (10 mmol)
of 2-[2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl) ethynyl]-
pryidine-5-carboxaldehyde (Compound 52) in 10 ml of dry ether is
added slowly with vigorous stirring. The cooling bath is then
removed and the mixture heated at reflux for 3 hours. The mixture
is then cooled in an ice-salt bath and 5 ml of saturated ammonium
chloride solution added. The mixture is stirred for a further 1
hour and then filtered and the residue washed with two 10 ml
portions of ether. The ether solution is then separated, dried
(MgSO.sub.4) and the ether removed in vacuo. The residue is then
purified by chromatography followed by recrystallization to tire
the title compound.
Using the same procedure any of the other aldehydes of this
invention can be converted to the corresponding secondary
alcohols.
Such secondary alcohols may be converted to their corresponding
ketones using the procedure described for the preparation of
Compound 52 or other oxidation procedures.
2-[(2,2,4,4,-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]-5-dimethoxymethylpyridine
(Compound 54)
A round-bottomed flask is fitted with a Dean-stark apparatus under
a reflux condenser protected by a drying tube. A mixture of 3.58 g
(12 mmol) of
2-[2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-chroman-6-yl)-ethynyl]-pyridine-5-carboxaldehyde
(Compound 52) 4.80 mg (15 mmol) of anhydrous methanol, 2 mg of
p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and 10 ml of anhydrous benzene
is placed in the flask and the mixture heated at reflux under
nitrogen until close to the theoretical amount of water is
collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The reaction mixture is cooled to
room temperature and extracted successively with 5 ml of 10% sodium
hydroxide solution and two 5 ml portions of water and then dried
(MgSO.sub.4). The solution is then filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo. The residue is purified by chromatography and then
recrystallization to give the title compound.
In a similar manner, any aldehyde or ketone of this invention may
be converted to an acetal or a ketal.
Following the procedures set forth above, with such modificiation
which will be readily apparent to a synthetic organic chemist of
ordinary skill in light of the present disclosure, the following
further examples of compounds can be prepared:
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-acetyl-7-ethylchroman;
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-acetyl-7-propylchroman;
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-acetyl-7-butylchroman;
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-acetyl-7-pentylchroman;
2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-acetyl-7-hexylchroman;
2,2-diethyl-4,4-dimethyl-6-acetyl-chroman;
2,2-diethyl,-4,4,7-trimethyl-6-acetyl-chroman;
ethyl
6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]nicotinate;
ethyl
6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-propylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]nicotinate;
ethyl
6-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]nicotinate;
ethyl
[2-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrid-5-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[2-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrid-5-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[2-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[2-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]acetate;
ethyl
3-[2-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-2-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]propionate;
ethyl
3-[2-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)-pyrid-5-yl]propionate;
ethyl
3-[2((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]propiona
te;
ethyl
3-[2((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]propiona
te;
ethyl
5-[2-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-pyrid-5-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[2-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[2-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl]pentano
ate;
ethyl 5-[2-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl-ethynyl)pyrid-5-yl
]pentanoate;
ethyl 5-[2-((2,2
,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-fur-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,3,3,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)-fur-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)fur-2-yl
]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl-fur-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)fur-2-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl 5-[5((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)fur-2-yl
]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)fur-2-yl]pentanoate
;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)fur-2-yl
]pentanoate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)thien-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl-[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl
)ethynyl)thien-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)thien-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)thien-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
5-[5((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)thien-2-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)thien-2-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)thien-2-yl]pentanoa
te;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)thien-2-yl]pentanoa
te;
ethyl
[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[6-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]acetat
e;
ethyl
[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]acetat
e;
ethyl
5-[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[6-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]pentanoat
e;
ethyl
5-[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]pent
anoate;
ethyl
5-[6-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyridazin-3-yl]pent
anoate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetat
e;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetat
e;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]pentanoat
e;
ethyl
5-[4-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]pent
anoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]pent
anoate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]acetate;
ethyl
[5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4,7-pentamethylchroman-6-yl)-ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]pentanoate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]pentan
oate;
ethyl
5-[5-((2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-hexylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl)pyrazin-2-yl]pentan
oate;
ethyl 6-[2,2-diethyl-4,4-dimethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]nicotinate;
and
ethyl
6-[2,2-diethyl-4,4,7-trimethylchroman-6-yl)ethynyl]nicotinate.
Examples of Formulation for Topical Administration
Preferably the compounds of the invention may be administered
topically using various formulations. Such formulations may be as
follows:
______________________________________ Ingredient Weight/Percent
______________________________________ Solution Retinoid (active
ingredient) 0.1 BHT 0.1 Alcohol USP 58.0 Polyesthylene Glycol 400
NF 41.8 Gel Retinoid (active ingredient) 0.1 BHT 0.1 Alcohol USP
97.8 Polyesthylene Glycol 400 NF 2.0
______________________________________
* * * * *