U.S. patent number 5,417,965 [Application Number 08/062,606] was granted by the patent office on 1995-05-23 for stable conditioning shampoo having a high foam level containing a silicone conditioner, a cationic quaternary acrylate copolymer, an anionic surfactant and polyethyleneimine.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Helene Curtis, Inc.. Invention is credited to William Brown, Ben Janchitraponvej.
United States Patent |
5,417,965 |
Janchitraponvej , et
al. |
* May 23, 1995 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Stable conditioning shampoo having a high foam level containing a
silicone conditioner, a cationic quaternary acrylate copolymer, an
anionic surfactant and polyethyleneimine
Abstract
A conditioning shampoo containing an anionic cleansing
surfactant, in an amount of about 5% to about 65% by weight,
preferably about 5% to about 25% by weight, e.g., (C.sub.12
-C.sub.22) alkyl sulfate, and/or a long chain (C.sub.12 -C.sub.22)
partially or fully ethoxylated alkyl sulfate, and/or a long chain
(C.sub.12 -C.sub.22) alkyl sulfonate, and a combination of cationic
polymers comprising (1) a cationic (protonated) polyethyleneimine
in an amount of about 0.1% to about 4% by weight, preferably about
0.1% to about 1% by weight, and (2) a cationic oil-soluble,
water-dispersible, cross-linked quaternary acrylate/acrylamide
copolymer (Polyquaternium 32), in an amount of about 0.1% to about
20% by weight of the composition, provides excellent foaming,
conditioning and stability, without settling of water-insoluble
materials due to anionic-cationic complexing. The composition
preferably also includes one or more silicone conditioning agents,
and has extended product stability, excellent overall conditioning
to human hair, particularly superior wet and dry combing
properties, and unexpectedly maintains very high levels of
foam.
Inventors: |
Janchitraponvej; Ben (Niles,
IL), Brown; William (Flossmoor, IL) |
Assignee: |
Helene Curtis, Inc. (Chicago,
IL)
|
[*] Notice: |
The portion of the term of this patent
subsequent to June 22, 2010 has been disclaimed. |
Family
ID: |
22043595 |
Appl.
No.: |
08/062,606 |
Filed: |
May 17, 1993 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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719818 |
Jun 24, 1991 |
5221530 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
510/122;
424/70.19; 424/70.16; 510/124; 510/125; 510/126; 510/475;
424/70.12 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61Q
5/02 (20130101); A61Q 5/12 (20130101); A61K
8/39 (20130101); A61K 8/44 (20130101); A61K
8/8158 (20130101); A61K 8/8176 (20130101); A61K
8/84 (20130101); A61K 8/898 (20130101); A61K
8/463 (20130101); A61K 2800/594 (20130101); A61K
2800/5426 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61Q
5/02 (20060101); A61Q 5/12 (20060101); A61K
8/44 (20060101); A61K 8/46 (20060101); A61K
8/72 (20060101); A61K 8/39 (20060101); A61K
8/81 (20060101); A61K 8/895 (20060101); A61K
8/30 (20060101); A61K 007/075 () |
Field of
Search: |
;424/70,71
;252/544,547,DIG.13,174.23 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Leaflet of Allied Colloids Inc. which is intended for general
guidance in the use of their products. .
Leaflet of Allied Colloids, Inc. entitled "Current Status of
Salcare SC92 Product"..
|
Primary Examiner: Page; Thurman K.
Assistant Examiner: Harrison; R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Marshall, O'Toole, Gerstein, Murray
& Borun
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
07/719,818 filed Jun. 24, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,530.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A conditioning shampoo for cleansing and conditioning hair while
maintaining foam comprising water, an anionic cleansing surfactant
in an amount of about 5% to about 65% by weight; a cationic
polyethyleneimine in an amount of about 0.01% to about 4% by
weight; and a cationic oil-soluble, water-dispersible, cross-linked
acrylate/acrylamide copolymer conditioning agent in an amount of
about 0.1% to about 20% by weight.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant is a
carboxylate surfactant.
3. The composition of claim 1 further including a long chain
(C.sub.12 -C.sub.22) amine oxide emulsion stabilizer in an amount
of about 0.1% to about 5% based on the weight of the
composition.
4. The composition of claim 1 having a pH of about 4.5 to about
7.5.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition includes a
viscosity increasing agent in an amount of about 0.1% to about 10%
by weight for raising the viscosity of the composition to at least
about 3,000 centipoises.
6. The composition of claim 1 further including a zwitterionic
detergent in an amount of about 5% to about 15% by weight of the
composition.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition includes a
betaine surfactant in an amount of about 5% to about 25% by weight
of the composition.
8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the betaine surfactant is
cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine.
9. The composition of claim 1, further including a silicone
conditioning agent in an amount of about 0.1% to about 10% by
weight of the composition.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition includes
less than about 9% by weight of an anionic surfactant selected from
the group consisting of a long chain (C.sub.12 -C.sub.22) alkyl
sulfate, a long chain (C.sub.12 -C.sub.22) alkyl ether sulfate; a
long chain (C.sub.12 -C.sub.22) alkyl sulfonate; and a long chain
(C.sub.12 -C.sub.22) alkyl ether sulfonate.
11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polyethyleneimine has a
cationic polymer charge density of at least about 10
milliequivalents per gram.
12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the polyethyleneimine has
a cationic polymer charge density in the range of about 15 to about
20 milliequivalents per gram.
13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polyethyleneimine has a
weight average molecular weight in the range of about 700 to about
70,000.
14. A method of cleansing and conditioning hair, simultaneously
while maintaining foam and excellent cleansing in a shampoo
composition comprising contacting the hair with a conditioning
shampoo comprising water, an anionic cleansing surfactant in an
amount of about 5% to about 65% by weight, a protonated
polyethyleneimine in an amount of about 0.01% to about 4% by weight
and a cationic oil-soluble, water-dispersible, cross-linked
acrylate/acrylamide copolymer conditioning agent in an amount of
about 0.1% to about 20% by weight.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the conditioning shampoo
includes an anionic carboxylate surfactant.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the conditioning shampoo
further includes a long chain (C.sub.12 -C.sub.22) amine oxide
emulsion stabilizer in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% based on
the weight of the composition.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the conditioning shampoo
further includes a viscosity increasing agent in an amount of about
0.1% to about 10% by weight for raising the viscosity of the
composition to at least about 3,000 centipoises.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the conditioning shampoo
includes a zwitterionic detergent in an amount of about 5% to about
15% by weight of the composition.
19. The method of claim 14, wherein the conditioning shampoo
includes a betaine surfactant in an amount of about 5% to about 25%
by weight of the composition.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the betaine surfactant is
cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein the conditioning shampoo
further includes a silicone conditioning agent in an amount of
about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the conditioning shampoo.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a hair conditioning shampoo
composition and to a method of treating hair with the composition
to provide the hair with improved wet stage and dry stage
conditioning properties as well as other conditioning properties,
such as softness, without residual build-up of conditioning agents
on the hair. The conditioning shampoo also thoroughly cleanses the
hair, while conditioning, with a cleansing detergent that develops
an unexpectedly high foam level and unexpected stability containing
an anionic detergent, a protonated (cationic) polyethyleneimine
conditioning agent and, optionally, one or more silicone
conditioning agents. More particularly, the present invention is
directed to a hair conditioning shampoo composition including one
or more anionic cleansing surfactants, such as ammonium lauryl
sulfate or ammonium lauryl ether sulfate (ALES), a protonated
polyethyleneimine, and an acrylate/acrylamide copolymer
conditioning agent that is stable over extended periods of time at
elevated temperature.
Surprisingly, the composition develops copious amounts of foam for
a conditioning shampoo while achieving excellent conditioning
benefits, and is unexpectedly stable while having a combination of
a strong anionic cleansing detergent, such as a long chain alkyl
sulfate, or a partially ethoxylated long chain alkyl sulfate or
sulfonate together with a cationic polyethyleneimine and a silicone
conditioning agent. The anionic surfactant/cationic
polyethyleneimine conditioning agent components are compatible and
stable while developing surprisingly high amounts of foam without
the problem of anionic surfactant-cationic conditioning agent
incompatibility.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Soiled human hair is shampooed to remove sebum that is naturally
secreted by the head as well as soil and other atmospheric
contaminants that accumulate on the hair. Sebum, in particular,
accumulates on the hair in a relatively short period of time
leaving the hair with a greasy, dirty feel and poor manageability.
The most effective shampoos for cleansing the hair for removal of
the atmospheric contaminants and sebum, are those that contain high
lather synthetic anionic detergents, such as the long chain alkyl
sulfates, the partially ethoxylated long chain alkyl sulfates and
the long chain sulfonates. These synthetic anionic detergents are
very effective for cleansing the hair but, after rinsing with
water, leave the hair with a dried touch, usually called "creak"
and result in hair, when wet, that is in an extremely tangled and
unmanageable after-shampoo condition.
Thoroughly cleansed hair is extremely difficult to comb, in either
the wet or dry state because the individual hair fibers tend to
snarl, kink, and interlock with each other. Particularly, prior to
complete drying of thoroughly cleansed hair, in this after-shampoo
stage, the hair is very difficult to comb or brush. Even after
complete drying, the thoroughly cleansed hair remains difficult to
comb or brush and does not set well. Thoroughly clean, dried hair
also has undesirable electrostatic properties in a low humidity
atmosphere that causes the hair to "fly away", thereby further
reducing the combing or brushing property of the hair. Generally,
these above-outlined problems that result from synthetic detergent
cleansing of the hair, particularly in the high-lather synthetic
anionic detergents, have been alleviated either by the
after-shampoo treatment of the hair with hair conditioners, for
example, in the form of a hair rinse, or by including hair
conditioners directly within the shampoo composition.
After-shampoo hair conditioning compositions are easily formulated
but are inconvenient to use because of the necessity of applying
the conditioner to the hair in a separate stage, after shampooing.
The preparation of a conditioning shampoo has been more difficult
because of inherent incompatibility problems between anionic
surfactants and the cationic compounds that are good conditioning
agents. Contact between an anionic surfactant and a cationic
surfactant or cationic polymer produces a precipitate that forms
immediately or causes an interaction between the anionic and
cationic compounds that significantly reduces their respective
cleaning and conditioning properties, and especially a very
noticeable severe loss of foam attributed by the anionic cleansing
surfactant. The reduction in cleansing and conditioning
effectiveness is observed even in compositions wherein the anionic
and cationic compounds do not precipitate from the composition but
remain in solution or suspension. This incompatibility between an
anionic surfactant and a cationic conditioning compound is well
recognized by those skilled in the art. For example, Sagarin in
Cosmetics, Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, p. 538 (1957),
states that anionic and cationic compounds cannot be used in
combination because they react to form insoluble salts.
A partial solution to this incompatibility problem in the
formulation of conditioning shampoos is exemplified by the
following patents that disclose compositions that contain
surfactants that are not anionic, e.g., non-ionics, amphoterics and
zwitterionics together with cationic conditioning compounds: U.S.
Pat. No. 3,849,348 to Hewitt; U.S. Pat. No. 3,990,991 to Gerstein;
and U.S. Pat. No. 3,822,312 to Sato.
Another problem inherent in formulating a conditioning shampoo is
an instability problem that results when water-insoluble
conditioning agents are also included in the conditioning shampoo
composition, such as the non-volatile silicones that are well
recognized in the art as providing a degree of softness to the
hair.
Silicones in shampoo compositions have been disclosed in a number
of different patents: U.S. Pat. No. 2,826,551, Mar. 11, 1958 to
Green; U.S. Pat. No. 3,964,500, Jun. 22, 1976 to Drakoff; U.S. Pat.
No. 4,364,837, Dec. 21, 1982 to Pader; British Patent No. 849,433,
Sep. 28, 1960 to Woolston; U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,855 to Grote, et
al.; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,788,006 and 4,902,499 to Bolich, Jr., et al.
and U.S. Pat. No. 4,704,272 to Oh, et al. The silicones are well
known to substantially reduce the foaming of anionic cleansing
surfactants.
A particularly difficult problem to solve in silicone-containing
conditioning shampoos is that of providing a conditioning shampoo
that provides excellent cleansing of the hair while providing high
foaming and, at the same time, also has excellent conditioning
performance. The capability of providing excellent conditioning,
cleansing and foam levels is achieved with the compositions of the
present invention. In accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention, it has been found that a combination of (1) a cationic
(protonated) polyethyleneimine (PEI) in an amount of about 0.01% to
about 4% by weight of the composition, preferably about 0.01% to
about 1% by weight, together with (2) a cationic oil-soluble,
water-dispersible cross-linked quaternary acrylate/acrylamide
copolymer (Polyquaternium 32), in an amount of about 0.1% to about
20% based on the total weight of the composition, is stable over
long periods of time while providing excellent simultaneous
conditioning, cleansing and foaming. Optionally, a number of
materials can be included in the conditioning shampoos of the
present invention for purposes of thickening and stabilization such
as xanthan gum, long chain acyl derivatives, long chain amide
oxides or amine oxides, and long chain alkanolamides, as disclosed
in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,788,406; 4,704,272; and 4,741,855, hereby
incorporated by reference.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, it has
been found, surprisingly, that a conditioning shampoo containing an
anionic cleansing surfactant, in an amount of about 5% to about 65%
by weight, preferably about 5% to about 25% by weight, e.g.,
(C.sub.12 -C.sub.22) alkyl sulfate, and/or a long chain (C.sub.12
-C.sub.22) partially or fully ethoxylated alkyl sulfate, and/or a
long chain (C.sub.12 -C.sub.22) alkyl sulfonate, or alkyl ether
sulfonate, and a combination of cationic polymers comprising (1) a
cationic (protonated) polyethyleneimine in an amount of about 0.1%
to about 4% by weight, preferably about 0.1% to about 1% by weight,
and (2) a cationic oil-soluble, water-dispersible, cross-linked
quaternary acrylate/acrylamide copolymer (Polyquaternium 32), in an
amount of about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition,
provides excellent foaming, conditioning and stability, without
settling of water-insoluble materials due to anionic-cationic
complexing. The composition preferably also includes one or more
silicone conditioning agents, and has extended product stability,
excellent overall conditioning to human hair, particularly superior
wet and dry combing properties, and unexpectedly maintains very
high levels of foam.
The compositions of the present invention are stable and do not
exhibit the inherent anionic surfactant/cationic polymer,
(polyethyleneimine and/or Polyquaternium 32 conditioning agents)
incompatibility while providing excellent cleansing, conditioning
and foam levels in a conditioning shampoo. It was further
surprisingly and unexpectedly found that hair treated with the
compositions of the present invention is thoroughly cleansed at
high foam levels and exhibits improved physical and cosmetic
properties, such as gloss, wet combing, dry combing, thickness,
manageability, softness and body.
Therefore, an aspect of the present invention is to provide a
hair-treating composition that cleanses the hair and imparts
improved physical properties and cosmetic properties to the hair in
a single application from a mild conditioning shampoo that develops
unexpectedly high foam quantities.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a physically
stable conditioning shampoo containing an anionic surfactant, and a
combination of cationic polymers that provide hair conditioning and
composition stability, wherein the composition develops excellent
foam levels and can be formulated at room temperature.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a new and
improved conditioning shampoo containing a strong anionic
detergent, such as a long chain alkyl sulfate, long chain alkyl
ether sulfate, and/or long chain sulfonate, that is compatible with
cationic conditioning agents, and that maintains an unexpectedly
high foam level although the composition contains a silicone
conditioning agent.
Still another aspect of the present invention is to provide a new
and improved conditioning shampoo including about 5% to about 25%
of an anionic surfactant; about 0.01% to about 4% of a cationic
polyethyleneimine that surprisingly provides composition stability
and added conditioning benefits, particularly increased wet and dry
combing and reduced static (fly away) for better manageability; and
about 0.1% to about 20% of a cationic polymeric conditioning agent
(Polyquaternium 32), about 0.01% to about 10% of a silicone
conditioning agent, and optionally any known emulsion stabilizer
and/or a viscosity increasing agent for added stability of aqueous
emulsions, each in an amount of about 0% to about 10% by weight,
active, preferably about 0.1% to about 5% by weight.
A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a new and
improved method of cleansing and conditioning hair, simultaneously,
with a composition containing one or more anionic surfactants; a
cationic (protonated) polyethyleneimine having an increased charge
density; a cationic acrylate/acrylamide copolymer conditioning
agent; and one or more silicone conditioning agents while providing
high foam levels, excellent cleansing, excellent conditioning in a
stable conditioning shampoo and is capable of being mixed together
at room temperature.
Still another aspect of the present invention is to provide a new
and improved conditioning shampoo having a pH in the range of about
4 to about 7, preferably about 5 to about 6, including about 5% to
about 65% of an anionic surfactant; polyethyleneimine in an amount
of about 0.01% to about 4%, preferably about 0.01% to about 1% by
weight; optionally about 0.1% to about 20% of a cationic,
nitrogen-containing acrylate/acrylamide copolymer conditioning
agent; and optionally about 0.5% to about 10% of a cationic
silicone conditioning agent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and
improved conditioning shampoo having a pH in the range of about 4
to about 7, preferably about 5 to about 6, including about 5% to
about 65% of an anionic surfactant; protonated polyethyleneimine in
an amount of about 0.01% to about 4%, preferably about 0.01% to
about 1% by weight, and having a cationic polymer charge density of
at least about 10 milliequivalents per gram, preferably about 15 to
about 20 milliequivalents per gram; about 0.1% to about 20% of a
cationic acrylate/acrylamide copolymer (Polyquaternium 32)
conditioning agent; and about 0.5% to about 10% of a non-volatile
silicone material.
The above and other aspects and advantages of the present invention
will become apparent from the following detailed description of the
preferred embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The aqueous conditioning shampoo compositions of the present
invention generally include water in an amount of about 60% to
about 80-90% by weight; an anionic surfactant preferably in an
amount of about 5% to about 25% by weight of the composition; a
poleythyleneimine in an amount of about 0.01% to about 4%,
preferably about 0.01% to about 1% by weight; optionally a silicone
conditioning agent in an amount of about 0.1% to about 10% by
weight of the composition; and Polyquaternium 32, a cationic
conditioning agent, in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20% by
weight of the composition.
The conditioning shampoo of the present invention provides the hair
with improved physical and cosmetic conditioning properties, such
as gloss, thickness, softness, and manageability, including
excellent wet and dry combing properties and body simultaneously
with excellent cleansing at high foam levels in a mild conditioning
shampoo. As will be demonstrated more fully hereinafter, it is
surprising and unexpected that the composition of the present
invention, including an anionic cleansing detergent, and a cationic
conditioning compound is able to provide the demonstrated cleansing
at such a high foam level in a stable composition containing a
silicone conditioning agent.
The anionic cleansing surfactant used in the composition and method
of the present invention can be any of the anionic surfactants
known or previously used in the art of hair shampoos. An anionic
cleansing surfactant should be included in the composition of the
present invention to effectively cleanse the hair and generates a
high, stable foam level that consumers equate with cleaning
efficiency. While nonionic and amphoteric surfactants have not been
as effective in cleansing the hair and do not provide the high foam
level desired by consumers, surprisingly, it has been found that
the composition of the present invention provides excellent foam
levels with the less strong anionic cleansing detergents or with
the strong anionic detergents at levels generally below about 9% by
weight of the composition, particularly when the foam level is
boosted with one or more common foam boosters, such as a betaine or
other foam booster. Optionally, nonionic amphoteric and/or
zwitterionic surfactants can be included in the compositions of the
present invention in addition to one or more anionic surfactants,
to help stabilize foam, to provide a suitable viscosity, or to give
other functional or esthetic properties to the composition.
Usually, the anionic cleansing surfactant includes a hydrophobic
moiety, such as a carbon chain including from about eight carbon
atoms to about 30 carbon atoms, and particularly from about 12
carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms and further includes a
hydrophilic moiety, such as a sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate,
phosphate or carboxylate. Often, the hydrophobic carbon chain is
etherified, such as with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, to
impart a particular physical property, such as increased
water-solubility or reduced surface tension, to the anionic
cleansing surfactant.
Suitable anionic cleansing surfactants include, but are not limited
to, compounds in the classes known as alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether
sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, sulfate esters
of an alkylphenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol, alpha-olefin
sulfonates, beta alkyloxy alkene sulfonates, alkyl arylsulfonates,
alkyl carbonates, alkyl ether carboxylates, fatty acids,
succinamates, sulfosuccinates, sarcosinates, octoxynol or nonoxynol
phosphates, taurates, fatty taurides, sulfated monoglycerides,
fatty acid amino polyoxyethylene sulfates and isothienates; or
combinations thereof. Many additional anionic cleansing surfactants
are described in McCUTCHEON'S DETERGENTS AND EMULSIFIERS, 1989
ANNUAL published by McCutcheon's Division MC Publishing Company,
herein incorporated by reference. Usually, the anionic cleansing
surfactant is present in the composition as a neutralized salt in
the form of a sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium. alkylammonium
or hydroxyalkylammonium salt, wherein the alkyl moiety includes
from one to about three carbon atoms.
Exemplary anionic cleansing surfactants that are useful in the
composition and method of the present invention include, but are
not limited to, the ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine,
triethanolamine, isopropylamine, sodium, potassium, lithium, or
magnesium salts of lauryl sulfate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, lauryl
sulfosuccinate, lauryl ether sulfate, lauryl ether carboxylate,
lauryl sarcosinate, cocomethyl tauride, and sulfosuccinate half
ester amide; or combinations thereof. Also useful are the
zwitterionic betaines, e.g., cocamdopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl
hydroxysultaine, and the like; and the anionic carboxylate
cleansing detergents, such as C.sub.11 -C.sub.15 Pareth-7
carboxylic acid, C.sub.11 -C.sub.15 Pareth-9, C.sub.11 -C.sub.15
Pareth-12, C.sub.11 -C.sub.15 Pareth-20, C.sub.11 -C.sub.15
Pareth-30, C.sub.11 -C.sub.15 Pareth-40, C.sub.11 -C.sub.21
Pareth-10, C.sub.12 -C.sub.13 Pareth-5 carboxylic acid, C.sub.12
-C.sub.15 Pareth-2 phosphate, C.sub.12 -C.sub.15 Pareth-7
carboxylic acid, C.sub.12 -C.sub.15 Pareth-9, C.sub.12 -C.sub.15
Pareth-12, C.sub.14 -C.sub.15 Pareth-13, C.sub.22 -C.sub.24
Pareth-33, cocaminobutyric acid, cocaminopropionic acid, coceth-7
carboxylic acid, cocoamphodipropionic acid, coconut acid, deceth-7
carboxylic acid, hydrogenated coconut acid, hydrogenated menhaden
acid, hydrogenated tallow acid, hydroxystearic acid, isostearic
acid, lanolin acid, lauraminopropionic acid, laureth-5 carboxylic
acid, laureth-10 carboxylic acid, lauroamphodipropionic acid,
linoleic acid, linolenic acid, linseed acid,
MEA-laureth-6-carboxylate, myristaminopropionic acid, palmitic
acid, sodium C.sub.12 -C.sub.15 Pareth-6 carboxylate, sodium
C.sub.12 -C.sub.15 Pareth-7 carboxylate, sodium ceteth-13
carboxylate, sodium isosteareth-6 carboxylate, sodium
isosteareth-11 carboxylate, sodium laureth-13 carboxylate, sodium
trideceth-7 carboxylate, sodium trideceth-12 carboxylate,
trideceth-4 carboxylic acid, trideceth-7 carboxylate acid,
trideceth-15 carboxylic acid, and trideceth-19 carboxylic acid.
The following low-irritation surfactants are particularly useful in
formulating a "baby" shampoo having high performance in terms of
foam level and cleansing while achieving exceptional mildness:
ANIONICS
Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate;
Disodium Lauroamido MEA Sulfosuccinate;
Disodium Ricinoleamido MEA Sulfosuccinate;
Ceteareth-25-Carboxylic Acid;
Trideceth-7-Carboxylic Acid;
Pareth-25-6-Carboxylic Acid;
Trideceth-4-Carboxylic Acid;
Trideceth-19-Carboxylic Acid;
Sodium Trideceth-12-Carboxylate;
Sodium Ceteth-13-Carboxylate;
Laureth-5-Carboxylic Acid (SANDOPAN.RTM. LA8);
Sodium Laureth-13-Carboxylate;
Sodium Oleth-13-Carboxylate;
Sodium Ceteareth-5-Carboxylate;
Sodium Ceteareth-9-Carboxylate;
Isosteareth-6-Carboxylic Acid; and
Isosteareth-11-Carboxylic Acid.
NONIONICS
PEG 30 Glyceryl Mono Cocoate;
PEG 78 Glyceryl Mono Cocoate;
PEG 82 Glyceryl Mono Tallowate;
PEG 200 Glyceryl Mono Tallowate; and
PEG 20 Glyceryl Mono Tallowate.
AMPHOTERICS
Cocampho-Carboxyglycinate (VARION.RTM. 2C);
Lauroampho-Carboxyglycinate (VARION.RTM. 2L);
Cocamidopropyl Betaine; and
Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine (VARION.RTM. CAS).
The polyethyleneimine(s) contained in the conditioning shampoos of
the present invention generally have the formula (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
NH).sub.n wherein n has an average value of about 5 to about 2500.
Specific examples of polyethyleneimines are PEI-7; PEI-15; PEI-30;
PEI-45; PEI-1000; PEI-1500; and PEI-2500, wherein the integer
following the PEI corresponds to the value of n in the formula
above.
Surprisingly, protonated polyethyleneimines, together with the
cationic Polyquaternium 32, provide excellent stability while
achieving additional conditioning benefits from the protonated
polyethyleneimine. The polyethyleneimines can be obtained
protonated with any suitable acid at a pH below about 7.0, or the
polyethyleneimines can be protonated in-situ (during mixing of the
composition with an acid, e.g., citric acid) by adding sufficient
acid that is free to protonate the polyethyleneimine. The molecular
weight of the polyethyleneimine is not critical and can be any
molecular weight commercially available, e.g., protonated
polyethyleneimines available from BASF Corporation having a weight
average molecular weight in the range of about 700 to about 70,000.
The ability to provide a conditioning shampoo that has excellent
conditioning benefits, as well as excellent foaming and stability,
has been a long-felt need in the conditioning shampoo art. The
conditioning shampoos of the present invention solve this long-felt
need by including a protonated polyethyleneimine and a cationic
acrylate/acrylamide copolymer, particularly Polyquaternium 32. The
structure of protonated polyethyleneimine is as follows:
##STR1##
The preferred protonated polyethyleneimines have a ratio of
primary:secondary:tertiary nitrogen atoms of about 1:2:1,
respectively.
The emulsified conditioning shampoo of the present invention also
includes a cationic conditioning agent, such as a SALCARE SC92
acrylate/acrylamide copolymer conditioning agent of Allied Colloids
(POLYQUATERNIUM 32) as disclosed in our parent application Ser. No.
07/719,818 filed Jun. 24, 1991, hereby incorporated by
reference.
To achieve the full advantage of the present invention, an optional
foam booster, in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of
the composition, is included in the composition to aid in the
formation of copious amount of foam. Suitable foam boosters include
one or more of the following:
______________________________________ Capramide DEA Disodium
Isostearyl Sulfosuccinate Cetearyl Alcohol Hydrogenated Tallow
Amine Oxide Cetyl Alcohol Hydroxyethyl Hydroxypropyl C.sub.12
-C.sub.15 Alkoxypropylamine Oxide Cetyl Betaine Hydroxyethyl
Stearamide- MIPA Cocamide Isopropyl Stearate Cocamide DEA
Isostearamidopropylamine Oxide Cocamide MEA Isostearamidopropyl
Morpholine Oxide Cocamide MIPA Lauramide Cocamidoethyl Betaine
Lauramide DEA Cocamidopropylamine Oxide Lauramide MEA
Cocamidopropyl Betaine Lauramide MIPA Cocamidopropyl
Lauramidopropylamine Hydroxysultaine Oxide Cocamine Oxide
Lauramidopropyl Betaine Cocoamphodipropionic Acid Lauramine Oxide
Coco-Betaine Lauryl Alcohol Coco-Morpholine Oxide Lauryl Betaine
Coconut Alcohol Lauryl Sultaine Coco/Oleamidopropyl Myristamide DEA
Betaine Coco-Sultaine Myristamide MEA Cocoyl Hydroxyethyl
Myristamide MIPA Imidazoline Cocoyl Sarcosinamide DEA
Myristamidopropylamine Oxide DEA-Cocoamphodipropionate
Myristamidopropylamine Betaine DEA-Lauraminopropionate Myristamine
Oxide Decylamine Oxide Myristaminoproionic Acid Decyl Betaine
Myristyl Alcohol Dihydroxyethyl C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 Myristyl Betaine
Alkoxypropylamine Oxide Dihydroxyethyl C.sub.9 -C.sub.11
Oleamidopropylamine Oxide Alkoxypropylamine Oxide Dihydroxyethyl
C.sub.12 -C.sub.15 Oleamidopropyl Betaine Alkoxypropylamine Oxide
Dihydroxyethyl Cocamine Oleamidopropyl Oxide Hydroxysultaine
Dihydroxyethyl Stearamine Oleamine Oxide Oxide Dihydroxyethyl Oleyl
Betaine Tallowamine Oxide Palmamide DEA Palmamide MEA PEG-5
Lauramide Palmamide MIPA PEG-6 Lauramide Palmamidopropyl Betaine
PEG-3 Lauramine Oxide Palmitamide DEA Sodium Cocoamphoacetate
Palmitamide MEA Sodium Cocoamphopropionate Palmitamidopropylamine
Sodium Oxide Lauraminopropionate Palmitamidopropyl Betaine Sodium
Lauroamphopropionate Palmitamine Oxide Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate
Palm Kernel Alcohol Sodium Myristoamphoacetate Palm Kernelamide DEA
Sodium Myristoyl Sarcosinate Palm Kernelamide MEA Stearyl Alcohol
Palm Kernelamide MIPA TEA-Hydrogenated Tallow Glutamate Peanutamide
MEA TEA-Lauraminopropionate Peanutamide MIPA
TEA-Myristaminopropionate PEG-6 Cocamide Undecylenamide DEA PEG-3
Lauramide Undecylenamide MEA Undecylenamidopropylamine Oxide
______________________________________
One or more zwitterionic detergents, such as a betaine, in an
amount of about 5% to about 25% by weight of the composition aids
in stabilizing the composition but generally is not necessary to
achieve a stable composition. Suitable betaines include, for
example:
______________________________________ Betaine Myristamidopropyl
Betaine Cetyl Betaine Myristyl Betaine Cocamidoethyl Betaine
Oleamidopropyl Betaine Cocamidopropyl Betaine Oleamidopropyl
Hydroxysultaine Cocamidopropyl Oleyl Betaine Hydroxysultaine
Coco-Betaine Palmamidopropyl Betaine Coco/Oleamidopropyl
Palmitamidopropyl Betaine Betaine Coco-Sultaine
Ricinoleadmidopropyl Betaine Decyl Betaine Stearamidopropyl Betaine
Hydrogenated Tallow Stearyl Betaine Betaine Isostearamidopropyl
Tallowamidopropyl Betaine Betaine Lauramidopropyl Betaine
Tallowamindopropyl Hydroxysultaine Lauryl Betaine Wheat
Germamidopropyl Betaine Lauryl Sultaine
______________________________________
Other compounds useful for composition stabilization, in an amount
of about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the composition include any
one or more of the following:
______________________________________ Acetylated Glycol
Maltodextrin Stearate Aluminum Caprylate Methoxy PEG-22/Dodecyl
Glycol Copolymer Aluminum Dilinoleate Methylcellulose Aluminum
Distearate Microcrystalline Cellulose Aluminum Microcrystalline Wax
Isostearates/Laurates/ Palmitates Aluminum Montmorillonite
Isostearates/Laurates/ Stearates Aluminum Myristyl Alcohol
Isostearates/Myristates Aluminum Ozokerite Isostearates/Palmitates
Aluminum Pectin Isostearates/Stearates Aluminum Lanolate PEG-2M
Aluminum PEG-5M Myristates/Palmitates Aluminum Stearate PEG-7M
Aluminum Stearates PEG-9M Aluminum Tristearate PEG-14M Beeswax
PEG-20M Bentonite PEG-23M C.sub.9 -C.sub.11 Alcohols PEG-45M
C.sub.12 -C.sub.13 Alcohols PEG-90M C.sub.12 -C.sub.15 Alcohols
PEG-115M C.sub.12 -C.sub.16 Alcohols PEG-22/Dodecyl Glycol
Copolymer C.sub.14 -C.sub.15 Alcohols PEG-45/Dodecyl Glycol
Copolymer C.sub.15 -C.sub.18 Glycol Polyacrylic Acid Calcium
Carrageenan Polyethylene Calcium Stearate Polyvinyl Acetate
Carbomer 910 Potassium Alginate Carbomer 934 Potassium Carrageenan
Carbomer 934P PVM/MA Copolymer Carbomer 940 PVP/VA Copolymer
Carbomer 941 Saccharated Lime Carboxymethyl Sodium Acrylate/Vinyl
Hydroxyethylcellulose Alcohol Copolymer Carboxymethyl Sodium
C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 Hydroxypropyl Guar Olefin/Maleic Acid Copolymer
Carrageenan Sodium Carboxymethyl Dextran Cellulose Gum Sodium
Carrageenan Ceresin Sodium Cellulose Sulfate Cetearyl Alcohol
Sodium Polymethacrylate Cetyl Alcohol Sodium Polynaphthalene
Sulfonate Cholesterol Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Coconut Alcohol
Stearyl Alcohol Ethylene/Acrylate Stearylvinyl Ether/Maleic
Copolymer Anhydride Copolymer Ethylene/Vinyl Acetate Styrene/Maleic
Anhydride Copolymer Copolymer Guar Gum Synthetic Beeswax
Hydroxybutyl Synthetic Wax Methylcellulose Hydroxyethylcellulose
Tallow Alcohol Hydroxyethyl Tragacanth Gum Ethylcellulose
Hydroxypropylcellulose Tridecyl Alcohol Hydroxypropyl Guar Xanthan
Gum Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Isopropyl Ester of PVM/MA
Copolymer Karaya Gum Lanolin Lanolin Alcohol Lauryl Alcohol Locust
Bean Gum ______________________________________
Other common cosmetic components and additives that can be
incorporated into the conditioning shampoos of the present
invention, as long as the basic properties of conditioning,
cleansing and high foam levels are not adversely affected include,
for example, fragrances, dyes, hair colorants, opacifiers,
pearlescing agents, dandruff control agents, hydrotropes, foam
stabilizers, solubilizers, preservatives, water softening agents,
acids, bases, buffers and the lie. These optional components and
additives usually will be present in weight percentages of less
than about 2% each, and from about 5% to about 10% by weight in
total.
The vehicle of the hair-treating composition is generally
predominantly water, but organic solvents also can be used in order
to help solubilize compounds that are not sufficiently soluble in
water. Suitable solvents include the lower alcohols like ethyl
alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; polyols like glycerol; glycols or
glycol ethers, like 2-butoxyethanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene
glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol and diethylene glycol
monoethyl ether or monoethyl ether; and mixtures thereof. These
non-aqueous solvents can be present in the hair-treating
composition of the present invention in an amount from about 1% to
100% by weight and, in particular, from about 5% to about 50% by
weight, relative to the total weight of the carrier vehicle in the
composition.
The conditioning shampoos of the present invention also can be
thickened, for example, with sodium alginate; guar gum; xanthan
gum; gum arabic; cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose,
hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and
carboxymethylcellulose; and various polymeric thickeners, such as
polyacrylic acid derivatives. These thickeners are present in an
amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 5%, and preferably from
about 0.25% to about 1%, by weight relative to the total weight of
the composition.
If instability of the composition is a problem, the composition
also can include a suspending agent for the conditioning agent or
other water-insoluble material, in an amount of about 0.5% to about
10%, by total weight of the composition. Suitable suspending agents
are for example, distearyl amate (distearyl phthalamic acid); fatty
acid alkanolamides; esters of polyols and sugars; polyethylene
glycols; the ethoxylated or propoxylated alkylphenols; ethyoxylated
or propoxylated fatty alcohols; and the condensation products of
ethylene oxide with long chain amides. These suspending agents, as
well as numerous others not cited herein, are well known in the art
and are fully described in literature, such as McCUTCHEON'S
DETERGENTS AND EMULSIFIERS, 1989 Annual, published by McCutcheon
Division, MC Publishing Co.
The conditioning shampoos also can include other emulsifiers,
inorganic salts, humectants and similar materials to provide
esthetic properties and desirable physical properties to the
composition. Generally, such optional ingredients are present in
weight percentages ranging from about 0.1% to about 10% each, and
from about 0.1% to about 20% in total, relative to the total weight
of the composition.
For example, representative nonionic surfactants that can be
included in the hair-treating composition of the present invention
include esters of polyols and sugars; the polyethoxylated and/or
polypropoxylated alkylphenols; and the condensation products of
ethylene oxide with long chain amides. All these nonionic
surfactants, as well as numerous others not cited here, are well
known in the art and are fully described in the literature.
The compositions of the present invention can be relatively viscous
dispersions that are stable to phase separation at a temperature of
about 20.degree. C. to about 25.degree. C. for a period of time of
at least 24 hours after preparation, and typically are stable to
phase separation indefinitely at such temperatures. The
compositions of the present invention usually are emulsions that
are stable to phase separation at a temperature of about 25.degree.
C. for a period of about 24 hours after preparation. The emulsions
should demonstrate sufficient stability to phase separation at
temperatures normally found in commercial product storage and
shipping to remain unaffected for period of one year or more.
The following examples illustrate various conditioning shampoos
made in accordance with the present invention:
EXAMPLES 1-3
______________________________________ 1 2 3 WT. % WT. % WT. %
______________________________________ 1. Water 30.00 30.00 30.00
2. Polyvinylpyrrolidone 1.00 1.00 1.00 (stabilizing agent) 3.
Polyethyleneimine 1.00 1.00 1.00 (Polymin G-35 BASF) wt. av. M.W -
1,700 as measured by GPC (conditioning and stability) 4.
Acrylate/acrylamide copolymer 1.00 1.00 1.00 (Allied Colloids
Salcare SC92) (50% in mineral oil) 5. Citric Acid 1.80 1.80 1.80
(pH adjustment) 6. Cocamide DEA 1.00 1.00 1.00 (foam booster) 7.
Surfactant blend 35.00 35.00 35.00 (cleansing) (a) ALES (1 mole
ethoxylation) (8.0%) (b) lauramide DEA (3.5%) (c) ammonium xylene
sulfonate (0.5%) (d) water q.s. 8. Silicone blend 0.65 0.65 0.65
33% SE 30 67% SF96-350 (conditioners) 9. Water 8.00 10.00 9.50 10.
Sodium lauryl sulfate 15.00 15.00 15.00 (cleansing, foam) 11.
Cocamidopropyl 4.00 2.00 2.00 Hydroxysultaine (40%) (VARION .RTM.
CAS) (amphoteric surfactant) 12. Cocamide DEA 1.00 1.00 1.00 (foam
booster) 13. Kathon CG 0.05 0.05 0.05 (preservative) 14. Glydant
0.20 0.20 0.20 (preservative) 15. Fragrance 0.30 0.30 0.30 pH 4.2
4.4 4.2 Viscosity 2,000 2,250 2,150 cps. cps. cps.
______________________________________
Mixing Procedure Examples 1-3
Add the polyvinylpyrrolidone (#2) to water (#1) with high
agitation. Then add the polyethyleneimine (#3) and continue mixing.
Then add the acrylate/acrylamide copolymer (#4) and mix until
homogeneous (lump free). Then add the citric acid (#5), the
cocamide DEA (#6), the surfactant blend (#7) and the silicone blend
(#8). Into a separate container add the sodium lauryl sulfate (#10)
to water (#9) and then add the contents of the separate container
to the mixture of (#1) through (#8), with agitation. Then add the
VARION.RTM. CAS (#13), the glydant (#14) and the fragrance
(#15).
EXAMPLE 4
______________________________________ WT. %
______________________________________ 1. Water 59.05 2.
Polyethyleneimine (Polymin G35, BASF) 0.10 (conditioning and
stability) 3. Acrylate/acrylamide copolymer 2.50 Allied Colloids
D.P. 64297C (50% in mineral oil) 4. SURFODONE .RTM. QSP 0.50
(polylauryl pyrrolidone) polymeric emulsion stabilizer 5. SANDOPAN
.RTM. LA 8 7.00 (carboxylate surfactant) 6. SURFINE .RTM. WNT A
7.00 (carboxylate surfactant) 7. KOH (50%) 0.60 8. Cocamidopropyl
Hydroxysultaine 15.00 (40%) (VARION .RTM. CAS) (amphoteric
surfactant) 9. C.sub.16-18 amine oxide (40%) 2.00 (SCHERCAMOX .RTM.
CMA) 10. GLUCAMATE .RTM. DOE 120* (thickener) 0.50 11. Color,
fragrance, preservative q.s. pH = 5.19 Viscosity (25.degree. C.) =
3,000 cps. ______________________________________ *polyethylene
glycol diester of methyl glucose and oleic acid with an average of
120 moles of ethylene oxide.
EXAMPLE 5
______________________________________ WT. %
______________________________________ 1. Water 19.50 2.
Polyethyleneimine (Polymin P, BASF) 0.50 (conditioning and
stability) 3. Acrylate/acrylamide copolymer 2.00 Allied Colloids
D.P. 64297C (50% in mineral oil) 4. Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine
15.00 (40%) (VARION .RTM. CAS) (amphoteric surfactant) 5. Cocamide
DEA (foam booster) 4.00 6. SANDOPAN .RTM. LA 8 15.00 (carboxylate
surfactant) 7. Water 42.05 8. KOH (50%) 1.40 9. Perfume 0.30 10.
Glydant 0.20 11. Kathon CG 0.05 pH - 5.0 Viscosity (25.degree. C.)
= 2,000 cps. ______________________________________
Mixing Procedure Example 5
Add the sultaine (#4), the polyethyleneimine (#2) , and the
acrylate/acrylamide copolymer (#3) to water (#1) with mixing (1
hour). Then add the Cocamide DEA (#5) and mix until homogeneous
(lump free). Into a separate container, add the SANDOPAN.RTM.
carboxylate surfactant (#6) to water (#7) followed by the KOH (#8)
addition and then mix all items (#1) through (#8). The perfume
(#9), glydant (#10) and Kathon CG (#11) then are added.
EXAMPLE 6
______________________________________ WT. %
______________________________________ 1. Water 35.50 2.
Polyethyleneimine 0.50 (POLYMIN WATERFREE, BASF) (conditioning and
stability) 3. SURFADONE .RTM. QSP 0.60 (polylauryl pyrrolidone)
polymeric emulsion stabilizer 4. Acrylate/acrylamide copolymer 3.00
Allied Colloids D.P. 65780E (50% mineral oil) 5. Surfactant Blend:
20.00 (a) ALES (1 mole ethoxylation) (4.5%) (b) lauramide DEA
(2.5%) (c) ammonium xylene sulfonate (0.6%) (d) water q.s. 6. KOH
(50%) 0.50 7. SANDOPAN .RTM. LA 8 15.00 (carboxylate surfactant) 8.
KOH 1.00 9. Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine 10.00 (40%) (VARION
.RTM. CAS) (amphoteric surfactant) 10. Perfume 0.50 11. Glydant
0.20 12. Kathon CG 0.05 13. Cold pearl mix 3.00 14. Cocamide DEA FO
(foam booster) 3.00 15. Water, color 7.15
______________________________________
Mixing Procedure Example 6
Add (#2) and (#3) in (#1), mix until no lumps, then add (#4) and
mix until a soft gel is formed in about 40 minutes, avoid
aeration;
Add (#5), mix for 5 minutes (precipitation is observed);
Add (#6) and (#7) and mix for 5 minutes;
Add (#8) , mix until product is uniform (pH 4.5);
Add (#9), gradually, add (#10), (#11), (#12), (#13), (#14) and
(#15).
pH 4.5
ADD KOH (50%)-0.6% to pH 5.13
FINAL pH =5.13
Viscosity (25.degree. C.)=6,300 cps.
To show that the compositions of the present invention are
compatible with a relatively low percentage of sodium lauryl ether
(1 mole of ethoxylation) sulfate (SLES), Example 7 incorporates 5%
by weight of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (1 mole of ethoxylation)
(SLES) together with about 15% of other, mild carboxylate anionic
surfactants.
EXAMPLE 7
______________________________________ WT. %
______________________________________ 1. Water, Soft 20.72 2.
Polyethyleneimine (POLYMIN PS, BASF) 2.00 (conditioning and
stability) 3. SURFODONE .RTM. QSP 0.38 (polylauryl pyrrolidone)
polymeric emulsion stabilizer 4. Acrylate/acrylamide copolymer 1.90
Allied Colloids D.P. 65789E (50% in mineral oil) 5. Water 22.75 6.
SANDOPAN .RTM. LA 8 (90%) 15.00 (carboxylate surfactant) 7. KOH
(50%) 1.50 8. SLES (25%) 20.00 9. Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine
10.00 (40%) (VARION .RTM. 2L) (amphoteric surfactant) 10. Cocamide
DEA (foam stabilizer) 3.00 11. Perfume 0.50 12. Kathon CG 0.05 13.
Clydant 0.20 14. C.sub.16-18 amide oxide (40%) 2.00 SHERCOMOX .RTM.
CMA pH = 6.0 Viscosity (25.degree. C.) = 8,500 cps.
______________________________________
Mixing Procedure Example 7
Add (#2) to (#3) to (#1), mix well and add (#4), mix until soft gel
is formed.
Add remaining ingredients. Allow 5 minutes of mixing for each
addition.
* * * * *