U.S. patent number 5,355,189 [Application Number 07/911,700] was granted by the patent office on 1994-10-11 for camera having a zoom flash unit.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Canon Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Hidehiko Fukahori, Tsuyoshi Fukuda, Ryuichi Kobayashi, Kenji Yokoyama.
United States Patent |
5,355,189 |
Kobayashi , et al. |
October 11, 1994 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Camera having a zoom flash unit
Abstract
A camera with a built-in or removable, zoom flash unit having an
illumination angle that varies automatically in accordance with the
focal length of a photographic zoom lens that is attached to the
camera. The camera inhibits the shutter release until the
illumination angle of the zoom flash unit has reached a value
corresponding with the focal length selected for the zoom lens.
Inventors: |
Kobayashi; Ryuichi (Kanagawa,
JP), Fukahori; Hidehiko (Kanagawa, JP),
Yokoyama; Kenji (Kanagawa, JP), Fukuda; Tsuyoshi
(Kanagawa, JP) |
Assignee: |
Canon Kabushiki Kaisha (Tokyo,
JP)
|
Family
ID: |
16070609 |
Appl.
No.: |
07/911,700 |
Filed: |
July 10, 1992 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jul 19, 1991 [JP] |
|
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3-179715 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
396/62;
396/266 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03B
15/05 (20130101); G03B 2215/051 (20130101); G03B
2215/0528 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03B
15/05 (20060101); G03B 015/03 (); G03B 005/00 ();
G03B 017/38 () |
Field of
Search: |
;354/149.1,268,195.1,149.11 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Perkey; W. B.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper &
Scinto
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A photographic system comprising:
a camera body including a shutter;
a zoom lens having a variable focal length and mounted upon said
camera body;
a shutter release operation member for operating a shutter;
a zoom flash unit comprising an illumination angle varying means
for varying an illumination angle in correspondence with a focal
length that is selected for the zoom lens,
wherein said illumination angle varying means varies the
illumination angle within an illumination angle range that extends
from a first illumination angle corresponding to a first focal
length value to a second illumination angle corresponding to a
second focal length value, as the focal length of said zoom lens is
selected within a first range that extends from the first focal
length value to the second focal length value; and
control means for controlling said camera body by (i) prohibiting
the operation of the shutter in response to the shutter release
operation member until the illumination angle is varied by said
illumination angle varying means to correspond to the focal length
when the selected focal length is within the first range, (ii)
prohibiting the operation of the shutter in response to the shutter
release operation member until the illumination angle corresponds
to the first illumination angle or the second illumination angle
when the selected focal length is outside the first range, whereby
the shutter will respond to the shutter release operation member
after the illumination angle corresponds to a selected focal
length.
2. A photographic system according to claim 1, wherein said zoom
flash unit is permanently mounted on said camera body.
3. A photographic system according to claim 2, wherein said zoom
flash unit is rotatably mounted on said camera body.
4. A photographic system according to claim 3, wherein said zoom
flash unit is capable of being rotated to a position where said
zoom flash unit is enclosed within said camera body.
5. A photographic system according to claim 1, wherein said zoom
flash unit is removably mounted on said camera body.
6. A camera system comprising:
(a) a camera body;
(b) a zoom lens having a variable focal length;
(c) an operation member for starting a picture image recording by
said camera;
(d) range detecting means for detecting the focal length set in
said zoom lens to determine in which range of a plurality of focal
length ranges, each have a predetermined width, said set focal
length is positioned;
(e) a zoom flash unit having means for varying a projection angle
so as to control the projection angle to a plurality of dispersed
predetermined projection angles, said varying means varying the
projection angle until the angle corresponds to the range detected
by said range detection means; and
(f) a prohibition circuit for prohibiting the start of the picture
image recording by said operation member until the control of the
projection angle by said varying means is finished.
7. A camera system according to claim 6, wherein said range
detecting means judges the focal length set in the zoom lens as a
first range when the focal length is longer than a first focal
length value, and judges said focal length a second range when said
focal length is between the first focal length value and a second
focal length value, and judges as a third range when said focal
length is shorter than the second focal length value, and said
projection angle varying means controls the projection angle to
assume a first projection angle when the first range is judged, to
assume a second projection angle when the second range is judged,
and to assume a third projection angle when the third range is
judged.
8. A photographic system according to claim 6, wherein said zoom
flash unit is permanently mounted on said camera body.
9. A photographic system according to claim 8, wherein said zoom
flash unit is rotatably mounted on said camera body.
10. A photographic system according to claim 9, wherein said zoom
flash unit is capable of being rotated to a position where said
zoom flash unit is enclosed within said camera body.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART
The present invention relates to a camera which can be used with a
so-called zoom flash unit.
Conventionally, there has been existed an automatic zoom flash unit
the illumination angle of which varies in accordance with the focal
length of a lens attached to a camera. If the focal length of a
zoom lens is varied with the automatic zoom flash unit and the zoom
lens attached to the camera, the illumination angle of the flash
unit varies with the focal length of the zoom lens and flash light
corresponding to the variation of the focal length is projected
toward a subject.
However, the above-described conventional camera has the problem
that a certain extent of time lag exists between the time when the
focal length of the zoom lens is varied and the time when the
illumination angle of the flash unit finishes varying, and if a
shutter release is executed immediately after the focal length of
the zoom lens has been varied, photography is performed before the
illumination angle of the flash unit varies to a desired angle. In
other words, the photography is performed before the flash unit
reaches the desired illumination angle, with the result that the
illumination angle of the flash unit does not reach a value
corresponding to the focal length of the lens and a poor photograph
is taken.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a
camera capable of preventing a poorly illuminated photograph from
occurring because the flash unit has not yet reached the desired
illumination angle.
According to the present invention, if the focal length of a zoom
lens is varied when a zoom flash unit is in use in a state where
the zoom flash unit is attached to the camera, photography is
disabled until the completion of the variation of the illumination
angle of the flash unit is detected. Accordingly, it is possible to
prevent an accident, such as a failure in photography, from being
caused by a discrepancy between the focal length of the zoom lens
and the illumination angle of the zoom flash unit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the electronic control system of a
camera according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the control operation of the electronic
control system.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Initialize".
FIGS. 4(A) to 4(E) are flowcharts of the subroutines for
"Communication with lens".
FIGS. 5(A) to 5(D) are flowcharts of the subroutines for "Lens
driving".
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Read states of
switches".
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Read states of
switches".
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Read states of
switches".
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Check back lid".
FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Charge flash unit".
FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Check zoom position of
flash unit".
FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Convert focal
length".
FIG. 13 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Read zoom phase
signal".
FIGS. 14(A) and 14(B) are flowcharts of the subroutine for "Driving
for flash zooming".
FIG. 15 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Pop up".
FIG. 16 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Light measurement".
FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Check switches".
FIG. 18 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Auto focus".
FIG. 19 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Light-measurement
computation".
FIG. 20 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Check automatic
flashing".
FIG. 21 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Control red-eye
preventing function".
FIG. 22 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Check release".
FIG. 23 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Display control".
FIG. 24 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Control light-measurement
timer".
FIG. 25 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Release".
FIG. 26 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Move up mirror".
FIG. 27 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Self-timer".
FIG. 28 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Control shutter".
FIG. 29 is a flowchart of the subroutine "Wind film".
FIGS. 30(A) and 30(B) are flowcharts of the subroutines for "Start
shutter charging".
FIGS. 31(A), 31(B) and 31(C) are flowcharts of the subroutines for
"Wind film".
FIG. 32 is a perspective view of the entire camera constructed
according to the present invention.
FIG. 33 is a top plan view of the camera.
FIG. 34 is an exploded perspective view of a flash mechanism.
FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional, plan view of the flash mechanism.
FIG. 36 is a side view of a flash zoom mechanism.
FIGS. 37(A) to 37(C) are side views showing a flash-unit pop-up
mechanism.
FIG. 38 is a view of a cam of the flash zoom mechanism.
FIG. 39 is a view of a flash phase printed board.
FIG. 40 is a view showing the start of braking when a standard
illumination angle is selected.
FIG. 41 is a view showing a stoppage after an overrun.
FIGS. 42(A) to 42(G) are views showing various pictures displayed
on a camera information display.
FIGS. 43(A) to 43(G) are views showing various displays provided in
a viewfinder.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The camera according to the present invention is characterized by
being provided with a means to disable the shutter release until
the illumination angle of a zoom flash unit has reached a value
corresponding to the focal length selected for the zoom lens.
A camera according to the present invention with a zoom flash unit
that does not allow poor flash photography even if the zoom lens
focal length is changed, immediately before the shutter is to be
released.
An embodiment of a camera provided with an improved automatic zoom
flash unit according to the present invention will be described
below with reference to the accompanying drawings. First of all,
the mechanical structures of a flash unit and other parts of the
camera to which the present invention is applied will be described
below with reference to FIGS. 32 through 41. Referring to FIGS. 32
and 33, a general camera body is indicated by reference numeral
101, and is provided with a camera information display 102, a dial
103 for inputting a set value such as a shutter speed, a release
button 104, a flash pop-up button 105, a dial 106 for setting an
exposure control mode for the camera, and a fixed mark 107. The
camera information display 102 and the dials 103 and 106 for
inputting information, etc., will be described later in detail.
Referring to FIGS. 32 through FIGS. 37(A), 37(B) and 37(C), a top
cover 1 serves as an exterior member which constitutes part of the
camera body 101. A case 2 for the flash unit is supported rotatably
with respect to the top cover 1, and constitutes the skeleton of
the flash unit. A slot 2a plays the role of routing a lead wire 40,
to be described later, by allowing it to pass therethrough, and of
absorbing the movement of members caused by a flash zooming
operation. A flash cover 3 constitutes the external appearance of
the flash unit, and is fixed to the case 2. A panel 4 covers the
entire front face of the flash unit, and has a Fresnel lens portion
4a, for controlling flashed light, and a window portion 4b opposed
to a red-eye preventing lamp which will be described later. A base
plate 5 has a plurality of gear shafts, a bearing 5a having an
outer circumference which serves as a rotating shaft for the case
2, a bearing 5b and a spring hook 5c. The base plate 5 is fixed to
the top cover 1 on the reverse side thereof by screws.
A motor M2 is fixed to the camera body 101 of the camera or to a
mirror box, and a gear 6 is meshed with a gear train which is
coupled to the motor M2 and which includes a planetary clutch
mechanism to be described later. Rotation in only one direction is
transmitted to the gear 6 from the motor M2 through the gear train.
The rotation of the gear 6 is rotationally transmitted to a gear 8
through a gear 7.
A gear 9 is meshed with the gear 8, and is rotatably fitted into
the inner circumference of the bearing 5a of the base plate 5. A
gear 10 is meshed with the gear 9, and has one side provided with a
blade assembly 10a consisting of three blades which are arranged at
equally spaced circumferential intervals as shown in each of FIGS.
37(A), 37(B) and 37(C). A lever 11 has a shaft portion 11a, a
projection 11b, a spring hook 11c and a switch pressing portion
11d. The shaft portion 11a is supported for rotation with respect
to the inner circumference of the bearing 5b. The switch pressing
portion 11d turns on a switch SW3 (refer to FIG. 35) when the lever
11 moves during a pop-up operation. A retaining lever 12 has a claw
12b as well as a projection 12a in the vicinity of the claw 12b,
and is fixed to the shaft portion 11a of the lever 11. A spring 13
is hooked on the spring hook 5c of the base plate 5 at one end and
on the spring hook 11c of the lever 11 at the other end. The spring
13 urges the retaining lever 12 in a counterclockwise direction,
i.e., so that the claw 12b rotates in its engagement direction. A
bearing 14 is, in part, fixed to the top cover 1 and, in part,
serves as a rotating shaft for the case 2.
Screws 15L and 15R serve as stoppers when the case 2 rotates in the
direction in which it projects from the top cover 1, and are
fastened to the top cover 1. A spring 16 urges the case 2 in the
pop-up direction, and is fitted onto a portion of the outer
circumference of the bearing 14 with one arm hooked on the screw
15R and the other arm on the case 2. A fixed engagement member 17
has a hook 17a on which the claw 12b of the retaining lever 12 is
hooked. As shown in FIGS. 37(A) through 37(C), the fixed engagement
member 17 has cam portions 17b and 17c, and the cam portion 17c has
an arc concentric to the rotational axis of the case 2. The fixed
engagement member 17 is fixed to the case 2. As shown in FIG. 36
and FIGS. 37(A) to 37(C), when the motor M2 is activated, the
rotation of the motor M2 is transmitted to the gear 10 through the
gears 6 to 9, and the blade assembly 10a of the gear 10 presses
down the projection 11b of the lever 11 against the spring 13.
Then, the retaining lever 12 is made to rotate in a clockwise
direction which is the same as the direction of movement of the
lever 11, and the claw 12b of the retaining lever 12 is released
from the hook 17a of the fixed engagement member 17. The case 2
starts to turn in the projecting direction by the urging of the
spring 16, thus bringing the projection 12a into abutment with the
cam portion 17b of the fixed engagement member 17.
The case 2 turns further, and as it turns by the force of the
spring 16, the case 2 presses the projection 12a of the retaining
lever 12 through the cam portions 17b to 17c of the fixed retaining
member 17. Thus, the retaining lever 12 is made to turn in the
region of the cam portion 17c until the projection 11b of the lever
11 moves away from the rotating area of the blade assembly 10a of
the gear 10 (refer to FIGS. 37(B) and 37(C)). In other words, the
retaining lever 12 is released by the blade assembly 10a and the
case 2 starts its upward movement. The retaining lever 12 is made
to escape to a further extent by the upward movement of the case 2,
and the projection 11b of the lever 11 is made to turn outward of
the rotating area of the blade assembly 10a so that no further
rotation of the motor M2 is transmitted to either of the lever 11
and the retaining lever 12. The case 2 further turns in the
projecting direction until it comes into abutment with the screws
15L and 15R, with a constant frictional force produced between the
projection 12a and the arcuate part of the cam portion 17c by the
urging force of the spring 13 (refer to FIGS. 37(A) to 37(C)).
A gear 18 is fixed coaxially to the gear 9, which is positioned
within the top cover 1 and transmits drive to a mechanism inside of
the case 2. Idlers 19 and 20 transmit the rotation of the gear 18
to a gear 21. The gear 21 has a cam 21a on one face (refer to FIGS.
35 and 40 as well as FIG. 41) and a contact piece 31 (refer to FIG.
35) fixed to the other face. As shown in FIG. 38, the cam 21a has
four cam phases which are defined by a wide-angle portion, a
telephoto portion and two standard portions, respectively.
The contact piece 31 is in slidable contact with a printed board 32
(refer to FIGS. 35 and 39). As shown in FIG. 39, the printed board
32 is provided with brake-phase portions which are arranged at
equally spaced intervals 90.degree. apart so that they appear in
the order of standard.fwdarw.telephoto.fwdarw.standard.fwdarw.wide
angle.fwdarw.standard.fwdarw. . . . , as shown in FIG. 39. The
turning phase of a transmission lever 22, having a roller 22a
(refer to FIGS. 36 and 40) for detecting the phase of the cam 21a,
is detected through the printed board 32 having such brake phases.
The aforesaid gears 19 to 21 are supported for rotation about
associated shafts on the case 2. The transmission lever 22 has a
bearing which is rotatably fitted onto an associated shaft on the
case 2, the roller 22a for tracing the motion of the cam 21a, and a
pressure part 22b for pressing a holder 27. A spring 23 is fitted
onto the outer circumference of the bearing of the transmission
lever 22 with one end hooked on the case 2 and the other end, on
the holder 27, which will be described later. A pressure plate 24
is fastened to the case 2 by screws that secure the gears 19
through 21 as well as the transmission lever 22 into position.
FIG. 40 shows the state in which each of the blade assembly 10a and
the associated elements is placed at the start of a flash-zooming
braking operation when a standard illumination angle is selected.
FIG. 41 shows the state in which each of the blade assembly 10a and
the associated elements is placed when the gear 10 stops after an
overrun. The gear 21 having the cam 21a and the gear 10 having the
blade assembly 10a are coupled to each other at a specific gear
ratio through gear 9 and the gears 18 through 20. In the
embodiment, the gear ratio is selected so that the gear 10 makes a
2/3 rotation for each 1/4 rotation of the gear 21. Specifically, in
accordance with the brake pattern formed on the printed board 32,
each time the gear 21 rotates through 90.degree. degrees (1/4
rotation), the rotation of the gear 21 enters its brake phase and
the blade assembly 10a of the gear 10 assumes the state shown in
FIG. 40. Subsequently, the gear 10 overruns until the blade
assembly 10a reaches its maximum allowable position as shown in
FIG. 41. The gear ratio is, therefore, selected so that the overrun
of the blade assembly 10a can be stopped between the state shown in
FIG. 40 and the state shown in FIG. 41 whatever change may occur in
operational conditions, which are determined by factors such as the
motor M2, a power supply or temperature conditions. For example, if
it is assumed that each brake-phase portion formed as a brake
pattern on the printed board 32 has an angular extent of
15.degree., the gear 10 stops after an overrun of about 40.degree..
Whichever of the standard, telephoto and wide-angle illumination
angles is selected, the blade assembly 10a of the gear 10 can stop
within a similar phase. As is apparent from the above description,
even if the flash unit which is in a pop-up state is pressed down
with any of the standard, telephoto and wide-angle illumination
angles being selected, the projection 11b of the lever 11 does not
interfere with the blade assembly 10a of the gear 10. Accordingly,
the claw 12b of the retaining lever 12 is hooked on the hook 17a of
the fixed engagement member 17 and the flash unit is secured in a
retracted state.
In the above-described embodiment, the cam 21a of the gear 21 has
four cam phases, the blade assembly 10a of the gear 10 has three
blades, and the gear ratio is selected so that the gear 10 makes an
8/3 rotation for a rotation of the gear 21. However, the gear ratio
may be 3/4, or the cam 21a of the gear 21 may have three cam
phases, and the gear ratio of the gear 21 to the gear 10 may be
selected to be an integral multiple of 1/3. For example, the cam
phase of the gear 21 is made coincident with the rotational phase
of the blade assembly 10a of the gear 10, and the number of stop
positions of the gear 21 and the number of blades of the blade
assembly 10a of the gear 10 as well as the gear ratio may be
selected so that the blade assembly 10a of the gear 10 can assume a
similar phase whichever of the stop positions the gear 21 may
take.
Referring to FIGS. 34 and 35, a xenon tube 25 is fixed to a
reflector 26 by rubber which is not shown. The holder 27 holds the
xenon tube 25 and the reflector 26. A holding member 28 is fixed in
the inside of the case 2. A shaft 29 is held by the holding member
28 and is positioned to extend in a direction perpendicular to the
plane of the panel 4. A rail member 30 has a rail-shaped slot 30a,
which extends in parallel with the shaft 29, and is fixed in the
inside of the case 2. As shown in FIG. 35, one end of the holder 27
is supported for sliding movement along the axis of the shaft 29,
and the other end has a boss 27b, which is supported for sliding
movement along the slot 30a in the rail member 30. One end of the
spring 23 is hooked on a projection 27a of the holder 27, and the
holder 27 is urged toward the panel 4 by the spring 23 and is also
subjected to a restricting force acting in the opposite direction
by the transmission lever 22.
More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 40 and 41, the transmission
lever 22 is made to swing on the basis of the cam displacement of
the cam 21a of the gear 21 to which the rotation of the motor M2 is
transmitted. A pressure part 22b of the transmission lever 22
pushes the projection 27a of the holder 27 against the pull of the
spring 23, thereby causing a flash part made up of the reflector 26
and the xenon tube 25, held by the holder 27, to move to and fro in
opposite directions perpendicular to the plane of the panel 4.
Referring to FIGS. 34 and 35, a red-eye preventing lamp 33 and a
reflector 34, for intensifying the light from the red-eye
preventing lamp 33 by reflection, are fixed on the reverse side of
the window portion 4b of the panel 4. As shown, the case 2 is
divided into three sections, where the flash part made up of the
members 25 through 27 is laid out in the middle section; a
mechanism part including the elements 18 through 24 for driving the
flash part, is in the left-hand side section; and a unit made up of
the red-eye preventing lamp 33 and the reflector 34, is in the
right-hand side section. A bundle of lead wires 40 extends through
the bearing 14 into the right-hand side section of the case 2, and
some of the lead wires 40 are connected to the lamp 33 with the
others connected to the xenon tube 25 through the slot 2a.
A planetary clutch mechanism for transmission of the output of the
motor M2 will be described below with reference to FIG. 36. The
output of the motor M2 is transmitted to a sun gear 53 through an
output gear 51 and a transmission gear 52. A planetary lever 54 is
frictionally coupled to the central shaft of the planetary gear 53,
and a planetary gear 55 is rotatably supported by the planetary
lever 54. Thus, the sun gear 53, the planetary lever 54 and the
planetary gear 55 constitute the planetary clutch mechanism.
Although a detailed illustration is omitted, a mirror driving gear
56 is provided. As the mirror driving gear 56 rotates in one
direction, a main mirror 60 performs the motion of moving from the
observation-enable position (down position) shown in FIG. 36 to an
exposure-enable withdrawal position (up position) and then
returning from the exposure-enable withdrawal position to the
observation-enable position.
When the motor M2 is reversed, the sun gear 53 rotates in the
counterclockwise direction to mesh the planetary gear 55 with the
gear 6. When the motor M2 is forwarded, the planetary gear 55
meshes with the mirror driving gear 56.
The information setting dials 106 and 103 and associated structures
as well as an information setting function will be described below
with reference to FIGS. 33, 42(A) to 42(G) and 43(A) to 43(G).
As shown in FIG. 33, the dial 106 is arranged so that if a user
turns the dial 106 and stops it when a desired one of the
indications 106a through 106k is opposed to the fixed mark 107, the
dial 106 is held at that position by a click force. The indication
106a indicates a manual exposure mode, and if the user sets the
dial 106 to the manual exposure mode and turns the information
setting dial 103, he or she can set a desired shutter speed. If the
user is to set an aperture value, he or she turns the information
setting dial 103 while depressing an aperture setting member (not
shown). The indication 106b indicates a depth priority automatic
exposure mode in which the camera determines an aperture value on
the basis of AF information so as to control the depth of field and
a shutter speed is determined so that a correct exposure can be
obtained with respect to the aperture value. After the aperture
value has been determined, if the user turns the information
setting dial 103, he or she can cause the camera to execute a
program shift according to an equivalent EV chart.
The indication 106c indicates an aperture priority automatic
exposure mode. If the user turns the information setting dial 103
with the camera set to the aperture priority automatic exposure
mode, he or she can set a desired aperture value. A shutter speed
is determined so that a correct exposure can be obtained with
respect to the set aperture value.
The indication 106d indicates a shutter priority automatic exposure
mode. If the user turns the information setting dial 103 with the
camera set to the shutter priority automatic exposure mode, he or
she can set an arbitrary shutter speed. An aperture value is
determined so that a correct exposure can be obtained with respect
to the set shutter speed.
The indication 106e indicates a program exposure mode in which the
camera determines a combination of an aperture value and a shutter
speed. In the program exposure mode, a program shift is possible
according to the operation of the information setting dial 103.
The indication 106f indicates a main-switch lock mode in which the
camera is not operating.
The indication 106g indicates a full automatic mode in which not
only is a combination of a shutter speed and an aperture value
automatically determined but also a film transport mode is set to a
single shooting mode while an AF mode is set to a one-shot AF mode.
Even if the user touches any operating member other than the
release button 104, the camera does not respond. The full automatic
mode is suited to general beginners.
The indication 106h indicates a programmed portrait photography
mode in which the aperture is set at a value close to a fully open
aperture so that a subject such as a person is brought into sharp
relief against a defocused background.
The indication 106i indicates a programmed landscape photography
mode in which a limiter is utilized to inhibit the aperture from
opening to an excessive extent beyond F5.6 so that the extent of
depth of field increases compared to the programmed exposure mode
indicated by the indication 106e.
The indication 106j indicates a programmed close-up photography
mode in which the aperture value is fixed to F5.6 and if the
shutter speed of the camera reaches its maximum shutter speed, the
aperture value changes to a value larger than F5.6.
The indication 106k indicates a programmed sports photography mode
in which a shutter speed is selected from a high-speed shutter
range so that a fast moving subject can be photographed in a
stationary state. In this programmed mode, the film transport mode
is set to a continuous shooting mode while the AF mode is set to a
servo AF mode.
FIGS. 42(A) to 42(G) and 43(A) to 43(G) are detailed explanatory
views of the camera information display 102.
In FIGS. 42(A) to 42(G), a mark 301 is displayed when a red-eye
preventing mode is set. A dot indication 302 indicates the amount
of exposure compensation, and an exposure compensation scale 303 is
displayed in the vicinity of the dot indication 302. An indication
304 indicates whether an electronic buzzer incorporated in the
camera is on or off. If the indication 304 is displayed, the
electronic buzzer generates sound when an in-focus state is reached
during an AF operation or while a self-timer is in operation. An
indication 305 represents a frame counter, an indication 306
indicates an aperture value, and an indication 307 indicates a
shutter speed value. An indication 308 indicates the kind of AF
mode, and the characters "ONE SHOT", which are shown in FIGS. 42(A)
to 42(G) by way of example, indicate the selection of the one-shot
AF mode in which when an in-focus state is reached, the AF system
of the camera is locked. An indication 309 indicates the kind of
film transport mode, and an indication representative of a single
shooting mode is displayed in the shown example.
An indication 310 is a mark indicative of the capacity of a
battery. An indication 311 is a mark indicative of a light
measurement mode which is selected. An indication 312 is displayed
when a film cartridge is loaded into the camera. In FIG. 42(B), the
dot indication 302 indicative of the amount of exposure
compensation, consists of nine dots 302 to 302h, which correspond
to the exposure compensation scale 303. FIG. 42(B) shows the state
of each indication which is displayed on the camera information
display 102 immediately after the red-eye preventing lamp 33 starts
to light up. The exposure compensation scale 303 disappears and the
nine dots 302 to 302h are displayed. When a predetermined time
passes, the camera information display 102 assumes the state of
FIG. 42(C), and the dots 302h and 302d, positioned on the opposite
ends, disappear. When another predetermined time passes, the camera
information display 102 assumes the state of FIG. 42(D), and the
dots 302g and 302c also disappear. When another predetermined time
passes, the camera information display 102 assumes the state of
FIG. 42(E), and the dots 302f and 302b also disappear. When another
predetermined time passes, the camera information display 102
assumes the state of FIG. 42(F), and the dots 302e and 302a
disappear leaving only the dot 302 positioned in the middle. When
the time required to prevent red eyes passes, the camera
information display 102 assumes the state of FIG. 42(G). The state
of FIG. 42(G) is the same as that shown in FIG. 42(A), and
represents that no exposure compensation is in operation. If
exposure compensation is in operation, one of the dots 302a to 302h
is selectively displayed in accordance with the amount of exposure
compensation.
FIGS. 43(A) to 43(G) show indications provided in the viewfinder of
the camera. An indication 401 is a mark which is displayed when the
red-eye preventing mode is set, and is synchronized with the mark
301. A dot indication 402 indicates the amount of exposure
compensation and is synchronized with the dot indication 302.
Similarly, dots 402a to 402h are synchronized with the dots 302a to
302h, respectively. An exposure compensation scale 403 is displayed
in the vicinity of the dot indication 402, and is synchronized with
the exposure compensation scale 303. An indication 404 is a mark
indicative of the completion of charging of the flash unit, and
when the charging of the flash unit is completed, the mark 404 is
displayed irrespective of whether the flash unit is a built-in
flash unit or an external flash unit. An indication 405 indicates a
shutter speed value and is synchronized with the indication 307. An
indication 406 indicates an aperture value and is synchronized with
the indication 306. An indication 407 is a mark which is displayed
when an in-focus state is reached during an AF operation. FIGS.
43(A) to 43(G) respectively show the indications displayed in the
viewfinder when the red-eye preventing lamp 33 is lit up, and the
indications of FIGS. 43(A) to 43(G) are synchronized with those of
FIGS. 42(A) to 42(G).
The arrangement and function of an electronic control system which
constitutes the gist of the present invention will be described
below with reference to FIGS. 1 through 31(A) and 31(B).
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the electrical circuit construction of
the camera. The arrangement shown in FIG. 1 includes a
microcomputer 500 for controlling the camera, a motor M1 for
producing motion for film winding during a forward run, a circuit
501 for driving the motor M1, a motor M2 which is forwarded to
produce motion for moving up the main mirror of the camera and
causing shutter charging and which is reversed to produce motion
for popping up the flash unit and/or causing flash zooming, and a
circuit 502 for driving the motor M2. Signals M1F and M1R serve to
drive the motor M1, while signals M2F and M2R serve to drive the
motor M2.
The arrangement of FIG. 1 also includes resistors 503 and 506, a
light-emitting diode (LED) 504, a phototransistor 505 for receiving
light emitted from the LED 504 through a film perforation (not
shown) to detect the state of film, a comparator 507, a comparative
reference voltage source 508, elements 509 to 515 which constitute
a flash circuit. The flash circuit includes a boosting circuit 509,
a transistor 510 arranged to start a boosting operation when a
signal FLSCHG goes to its high level, a main capacitor 511 for
causing the flash unit to flash, a charged-voltage detecting
circuit 512 for detecting the voltage of the main capacitor 511 and
outputting "1" as a signal CCC if the voltage at which the flash
unit can flash is detected, a trigger circuit 514 for generating a
trigger signal for causing the flash unit to flash, a flash-light
controlling circuit 515 for controlling the amount of flash light,
and a flashing controlling circuit 513 for causing the trigger
circuit 514 to output the trigger signal, on the basis of AND
processing of a signal EFEN and an ON signal from an X-sync contact
531, and for causing the flash-light controlling circuit 515 to
output a signal to stop the flashing of the flash unit.
The arrangement of FIG. 1 also includes a transistor 516 for
lighting up the red-eye preventing lamp 33, a light measuring
circuit 517 for measuring the luminance of a subject, analog
switches 518 and 519, and an inverter 520.
A circuit 521 is a distance measuring circuit such as a CCD for
storing image information indicative of a subject. When a signal
AFSTART goes to its high level, the distance measuring circuit 521
starts to store an image. When the storage of the image is
completed, the distance measuring circuit 521 outputs "1" as a
signal AFEND to inform the microcomputer 500 of the completion of
the storage.
The arrangement of FIG. 1 also includes a remote-control signal
receiving photodiode 523 and a remote-control signal receiving
circuit 522. When a signal REMEN is at its high level, the
remote-control signal receiving circuit 522 is set to a
remote-control enable state, and when a release signal transmitted
from a remote control circuit (not shown) by a photographer is
received, the remote-control signal receiving circuit 522 sets a
signal REMON to its high level. Transistors 524 and 525 serve to
energize shutter electromagnets MG31 and MG32, respectively. A dial
rotation detecting circuit 526 detects and memorizes the amount and
direction of rotation of a set-value input dial, and transmits a
signal indicative of the amount of rotation of the set-value input
dial by serial communication in accordance with a signal CSDIAL
from the microcomputer 500. Signal contacts 527 and 528 are turned
on or off with the rotation of the set-value input dial to inform
the dial rotation detecting circuit 526 of the amount and direction
of rotation of the set-value input dial.
The shown arrangement also includes the camera information display
102, a viewfinder camera-information display 530, and an
information display driving circuit 529 for controlling the driving
of the information display 102 and that of the viewfinder
camera-information display 530.
The X-sync contact 531 is turned on when the running of a shutter
leading curtain is completed.
AND gates 532 and 533 and an analog switch 534 are arranged to
connect the corresponding serial communication paths to a lens when
a signal CSLENS is at its high level. Five contacts 535 are used to
transmit signals or electrical power between the lens and the
camera.
An element 536 is a lens-controlling microcomputer.
A diaphragm driving motor is indicated by reference numeral 537, a
driving circuit for driving the motor 537 is indicated by reference
numeral 538, a distance-ring driving motor is indicated by
reference numeral 539, and a driving circuit for driving the motor
539 is indicated by reference numeral 540.
When the release button 104 is pressed down to a first stroke
position, a switch SW1 is turned on. When the release button 104 is
pressed down to a second stroke position, a switch SW2 is turned
on.
A switch SW3 is a switch for detecting whether the flash unit is
popped up. The off state of the switch SW3 indicates that the flash
unit is popped up, while the ON state of the switch SW3 indicates
that the flash unit is popped down. A switch SWCN2 is turned on
when the running of the trailing curtain of the shutter is
completed. Signals ZOOM1 and ZOOM2 are the zoom phase signals shown
in FIG. 39, and switches CMSP1 and CMSP2 are arranged to produce
shutter-charging and mirror-up phase signals.
A switch SWPOP is turned on when a flash pop-up button is pressed
down. A switch SWDRV is turned on when a film-transport-mode
selecting button is pressed down. A switch SWAF is turned on when
an AF mode selecting button is pressed down. A switch SWBP serves
to detect whether a back lid is open or closed. The output "1" of
the switch SWBP indicates the closed state of the back lid, while
the output "0" of the switch SWBP indicates the open state of the
back lid.
A switch SWPOSTF is a switch for selecting either a leading-curtain
sync flash mode in which flashing is performed immediately after
the completion of running of the shutter leading curtain or a
trailing-curtain sync flash mode in which flashing is performed
immediately before the start of running of the shutter trailing
curtain. Examples of shutters having leading and trailing members
can be found in the specifications of U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,977,421 and
4,963,908, which are incorporated herein by reference. In the case
of "1", the switch SWPOSTF selects the leading-curtain sync flash
mode, and in the case of "0", the switch SWPOSTF selects the
trailing-curtain sync flash mode.
Switches DIAL1 and DIAL2 are interlocked with an exposure control
mode dial.
When electrical power is supplied from a power source circuit (not
shown), the microcomputer 500 initiates a control operation which
starts from the terminal symbol "RESET" shown in FIG. 2. It is
assumed here that the camera has no film or that film winding is
completed and that none of the switches are on.
Step S1: A stack pointer is set.
Step S2: Peripheral circuits, registers and flags are initialized.
FIG. 3 is a detailed flowchart showing the subroutine
"INITIALIZE".
Step S13: Each port of the microcomputer 500 is initialized. When
all of the motor-driving signals M1F, M1R, M2F and M2R are set to
"0", the terminals of the respective motors M1 and M2 are opened
and the motors M1 and M2 are placed in their non-driven states.
The boosting start signal FLSCHG is set to "0" to stop the boosting
circuit 509. The flashing control signal EFEN is set to "0" to
inhibit flashing.
The red-eye-preventing-lamp light-up signal LAMPB is set to "0" to
put off the red-eye preventing lamp 33.
The storage start signal AFSTART is cleared. The
reception-of-remote-control-signal enable signal REMEN is cleared
to inhibit reception of a remote control signal.
Signals SMG31 and SMG32 are control signals for the respective
shutter-operating electromagnets MG31 and MG32. In this example,
the signals SMG31 and SMG32 are cleared to "0" to stop the
energization of the respective shutter-operating electromagnets
MG31 and MG32.
The serial communication select signals CSLENS and CSDIAL as well
as a serial communication select signal CSLCD are all cleared.
A signal SW2INTEN is a control signal for an interrupt generated at
the falling edge of a signal outputted from the switch SW2. When
the signal SW2INTEN is at a "1" level, the interrupt is enabled,
while in the case of a "0" level, the interrupt is inhibited. In
this example, the interrupt is inhibited.
In the above-described manner, each port of the microcomputer 500
is set to a ready state.
Step S14: Each flag in the microcomputer 500 is initialized. An
end-of-film flag FLMENDF indicating that the film has been exposed
up to the last frame is cleared. An automatic-loading request flag
ALRQF indicating that automatic loading is requested is cleared. A
film-winding request flag WNDRQF indicating that film winding is
requested is cleared. A flag SW1ONF is cleared which indicates that
light measurement is required, for example, when the release button
is pressed down to the first stroke position or when a
remote-control signal is received. A flag SERVOF, indicative of the
state of the AF mode, is cleared. If the value of the flag SERVOF
is "0", one-shot AF is performed, while if it is "1", servo AF is
performed. In this example, one-shot AF is set. Flags SINGLEF and
SELFF, which memorize the selection of the film transport mode (the
single shooting mode, the continuous shooting mode or the
self-timer mode), are set. If SINGLEF="1", the single shooting mode
is selected; if SELFF="1", the self-timer mode is selected; or if
both SINGLEF and SELFF indicate "0" , the continuous shooting mode
is selected. In this example, the single shooting mode is set. A
red-eye-preventing mode flag REDEYEF, indicating that the red-eye
preventing mode is set, is cleared. If the value of the
red-eye-preventing mode flag REDEYEF is "1", the red-eye preventing
lamp 33 is lit up before photography in order to prevent red eyes.
In this example, a normal flash operation is set. A full-automatic
mode flag FULLAUTOF is set which indicates that a full automatic
mode is selected, and a program-mode flag PROGF, indicating that
the program mode is set, a shutter-priority-mode flag TVPF,
indicating that the shutter priority mode is set, and an
aperture-priority-mode flag AVPF, indicating that the aperture
priority mode is set, are all cleared. A film-winding flag WNDINGF
indicating that film winding is being performed and a
shutter-charging flag CHGINGF, indicating that shutter charging is
being performed, are all cleared.
An autofocus-impossible flag AFNGF, indicating that autofocus is
impossible, an in-focus flag JFF, indicating that the AF system is
in focus, a distance-ring drive flag LMOV, indicating that a
distance ring of the lens is being driven, and a flag AFMANUF,
indicating that the focusing of the lens is set to manual focusing,
are all cleared.
A flag SW1ON.sub.-- OLD, for memorizing the state of the light
measurement flag SW1ONF, is cleared. A flag SWPOP.sub.-- OLD, for
memorizing the state of the flash pop-up switch SWPOP, is set. A
flag SWDRV.sub.-- OLD, for memorizing the state of the
film-transport-mode setting switch SWDRV, is set. A flag
SWAF.sub.-- OLD, for memorizing the state of the AF mode setting
switch SWAF, is set.
An inhibit-release-after-single-shooting flag INHDRV, an
inhibit-release-before-automatic-flashing-decision flag INHAPOP,
which indicates that shutter release is inhibited before a decision
as to automatic flashing is made, and an
inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention flag INHRDEYE indicating
that the shutter release is inhibited during a red-eye preventing
operation, are all cleared.
Step 15: Each register in the microcomputer 500 is initialized.
Data indicative of 1/125 second is set in a shutter-speed storing
register TVDISPR, and data indicative of F5.6 is set in an aperture
storing register AVDISPR. A frame counter FRAMER is cleared. A
serial communication buffer SIOBUF is cleared.
Data indicative of F1.4 is set in a fully open aperture value
register AVOR, and data indicative of F32 is set in a maximum
aperture value register AVMAXR. Data indicative of 50 mm is set in
a focal-length register FLENR, and data indicative of a logarithmic
compression value of 1/50 is set in an inverse focal-length
register INVFLENR. An aperture stopped-down difference register
AVSPDNR and an AF distance-ring driving amount register FPR are
cleared. The value "2" is stored in a register FZOOM as well as a
position register ZOOMR, and is obtained by converting a focal
length into a zoom position. A subject luminance register EVCALR
and a red-eye prevention counter REDCNTR are cleared.
In the above-described manner, the camera is initialized.
Step S3: The camera communicates with the lens and fetches the
required data on the lens.
Step S4: The camera reads and interprets the state of each of the
switches and the dials.
Step S5: If the flash unit has not yet completely been charged, the
charging is continued.
Step S6: If the film has been exposed up to the last frame, an
end-of-film indication is displayed in Step S7.
Step S8: If the automatic-loading request flag ALRQF is set up,
automatic loading is performed in Step S9.
Step S10: It is checked whether the zoom position of the flash unit
corresponds to the focal length of the lens. If no correspondence
is obtained, flash zooming is executed.
Step S11: If the switch SW1 is on, the process proceeds to the
subroutine "LIGHT MEASUREMENT". If the switch SW1 is not on, a
photography standby indication is displayed in Step S12 and the
process returns to Step S3. Subsequently, the operation of Steps S3
to S12 is repeated to wait for the next operation.
The communication with the lens performed in Step S3 will be
described below in detail.
FIGS. 4(A) to 4(E) are detailed flowcharts showing the subroutine
"COMMUNICATION WITH LENS".
In Steps S16, S17 and S18, information on the state of the lens,
information on the open F number of the lens and information on the
focal length of the lens are read, respectively.
Steps S19 to S22 constitute the subroutine "READ STATE OF
LENS".
Step S19: 01H is read into the serial communication buffer
SIOBUF.
Step S20: 1-byte serial communication with the lens is
performed.
Steps S23 to S25 constitute the subroutine "1-BYTE COMMUNICATION
WITH LENS".
Step S23: "1" is outputted to the lens communication select signal
CSLENS, and the serial communication paths of the lens controlling
microcomputer 536 are connected to those of the camera controlling
microcomputer 500.
Step S24: The value of the serial communication buffer SIOBUF is
outputted from a serial communication circuit (not shown) of the
microcomputer 500. Simultaneously, data from the lens is written
into the serial communication buffer SIOBUF.
Step S25: If the communication is completed, "0" is outputted as
the lens communication select signal CSLENS and the serial
communication paths are disconnected from the lens controlling
microcomputer 536.
In the above-described manner, a command of "01" is transmitted to
the lens. The lens receives the command of "01" and determines that
the state of the lens needs to be read out. The lens sets up the
flag AFMANUF indicating whether the lens is in the state of
automatic focusing or manual focusing, in bit 7 of a code to be
transmitted by serial communication, and the distance-ring drive
flag LMOV is set up, in bit 6 of the code to be transmitted by the
serial communication.
Step S21: The bits of the respective flags AFMANUF and LMOV set by
the lens are read out.
Step S22: The read-out values are stored in an AF state register
AFSTAT.
Steps S26 to S31: Similarly, in the subroutine "READ AVo", a
command of "02" is transmitted to the lens. Data indicative of the
fully open aperture value and data indicative of the maximum
aperture value are stored in the registers AVOR and AVMAXR,
respectively.
Steps S32 to S35: In the subroutine "READ FOCAL LENGTH", a command
of "03" is transmitted to the lens, and data indicative of the
focal length is stored in the register FLENR.
Step S36: The logarithmic value of 1/(focal length) is obtained and
stored in the register INVFLENR. For example, in the case of a
100-mm lens, data indicative of an APEX value of 1/100 second is
stored in the register INVFLENR.
Subroutines associated with lens driving will be described below
with reference to FIGS. 5(A) to 5(D).
Steps S37 to S40 constitute the subroutine "DRIVE LENS
DIAPHRAGM".
A command of "04" is transmitted to the lens, and data-indicative
of the amount of aperture stored in the aperture stopped-down
difference register AVSPDNR is transmitted in the next
communication. The amount of aperture is represented by 8-bit data
with a sign (1 bit corresponds to a 1/8 step). If the sign is
positive, the diaphragm is driven in the direction in which the
aperture is closed, while if the sign is negative, the diaphragm is
driven in the direction in which the aperture is fully opened.
Steps S41 to S44 constitute the subroutine "FULLY OPEN LENS
DIAPHRAGM".
This subroutine is substantially the same as the subroutine "DRIVE
LENS DIAPHRAGM" except that data to be transmitted is "-128" and
the aperture of the diaphragm is opened by a maximum number of
steps. If the lens does not have 128 aperture steps or more, the
lens is necessarily fully opened.
Steps S45 to S48 constitute the subroutine "DRIVE DISTANCE RING OF
LENS".
A command of "05" is transmitted to the lens, and the distance ring
is driven by the number of comb teeth indicated by data stored in
the register FPR.
Steps S49 and S50 constitute the subroutine "STOP LENS".
A command of "06" is transmitted to the lens, and the driving of
the distance ring is stopped immediately.
The subroutine "COMMUNICATION WITH LENS" of Step S3 is as described
above.
The following is a description of the subroutine "READ STATES OF
SWITCHES" of Step S4.
FIGS. 6 to 8 are detailed flowcharts of the subroutine "READ STATES
OF SWITCHES".
Steps S51 to S58: The position of the exposure mode setting dial
106 is read through the exposure-mode setting dial switches DIAL1
and DIAL2 each having a 2-bit output. If a combinational output
from the switches DIAL1 and DIAL2 is "00", the full-automatic-mode
flag FULLAUTOF is set to "1" in Step S55. The full automatic mode
is a mode which provides a simple operating method suited to
beginners and whose operation differs from the operation of any of
the shutter priority mode, the aperture priority mode and the
program mode.
If such an combinational output is "01", the program-mode flag
PROGF is set up; if it is "10", the shutter-priority-mode flag TVPF
is set up; or if it is "11", the aperture-priority-mode flag AVPF
is set up.
Step S59: The amount of rotation of the set-value input dial is
read through the dial rotation detecting circuit 526 by serial
communication in a manner similar to that explained in connection
with the subroutine "COMMUNICATION WITH LENS".
Steps S60 to S63: If the shutter priority mode is selected, the
process proceeds from Step S60 to Step S61. The value of the
shutter-speed storing register TVDISPR is varied by a half step for
each predetermined amount of rotation of the set-value input dial.
If the direction of rotation of the dial is clockwise, the value of
the shutter-speed storing register TVDISPR varies in the positive
direction. If the direction of rotation of the dial is
counterclockwise, the value of the shutter-speed storing register
TVDISPR varies in the negative direction. In the case of the
aperture-priority-mode as well, the value of the aperture storing
register AVDISPR is varied by an amount corresponding to the amount
of rotation of the set-value input dial.
Step S64: If the value of the shutter-speed storing register
TVDISPR exceeds its controllable range (for example, the range
between a maximum speed of 1/2000 second and a minimum speed of 2
seconds), the value of the shutter-speed storing register TVDISPR
is limited within the controllable range. Similarly, the value of
the aperture storing register AVDISPR is limited within the range
between the value of the fully open aperture value register AVOR
and the value of the maximum aperture value register AVMAXR. In the
above-described manner, an arbitrary shutter speed and an arbitrary
aperture value can be set during each of the shutter priority mode
and the aperture priority mode.
Steps S65 to S72: Control associated with the flash pop-up button
105 is performed. If the flash pop-up button 105 is not pressed,
the flash-pop-up-button state flag SWPOP.sub.-- OLD is always set
to "1" in Step S66. While the subroutine "READ STATES OF SWITCHES"
is being called in the state of waiting for the operations of Steps
S3 to S12, if the flash pop-up button 105 is turned on, the process
proceeds from Step S67 to Step S68 since the value of the
flash-pop-up-button state flag SWPOP.sub.-- OLD is "1".
If the full automatic mode is not selected and the flash unit is
not popped up, the subroutine "POP UP FLASH UNIT" is called in Step
S72 and the flash unit is popped up. That is to say, if the flash
pop-up button 105 is depressed, the flash unit is popped up.
When the flash pop-up button 105 is pressed once, the process
passes through Step S68. After that, therefore, the process
proceeds from Step S67 to Step S73 without passing through Step
S68. If the pressing of the flash pop-up button 105 is stopped, the
flash-pop-up-state-button state flag SWPOP.sub.-- OLD is set to "1"
in Step S66. Accordingly, if the flash pop-up button 105 is again
pressed, the process is allowed to pass through Step S68. That is
to say, each time the flash pop-up button 105 is pressed, the
process passes through Step S68 only once.
If the flash unit is in the popped-up state, the process proceeds
from Step S70 to Step S71, in which the red-eye-preventing-mode
flag REDEYEF is inverted. That is to say, after the flash unit has
been popped up, each time the flash pop-up button 105 is turned on,
the red-eye preventing mode is switched between a set state and a
cancelled state.
In the above-described manner, the flash pop-up operation and the
setting of the red-eye preventing mode can be achieved by means of
a common button.
In the case of the full automatic mode, the process proceeds from
Step S69 to Step S71 irrespective of the state of the flash unit.
Accordingly, since the flash unit cannot be popped up, only the
setting of the red-eye preventing mode is possible.
Steps S73 and S74: If the trailing-curtain-sync-flash setting
switch SWPOSTF is on, the red-eye preventing mode is cancelled in
Step S74. Accordingly, even if the red-eye preventing mode is set
in Steps S65 to S72, the camera never comes into the red-eye
preventing mode if the trailing-curtain sync flash mode is set.
Steps S75 and S76: If the full automatic mode is selected, the
AF-mode flag SERVOF is necessarily set for one-shot AF in Step
S76.
Steps S77 to S82: If the full automatic mode is not selected, the
AF-mode flag SERVOF is inverted each time the AF setting switch
SWAF is turned on in a manner similar to that performed in Steps
S65 to S72. It is, therefore, possible to switch the AF mode
between the servo AF mode and the one-shot AF mode. However, if the
lens is in the state of manual focusing, the AF setting is not
altered in Step S81.
Steps S83 to S86: In the case of the full automatic mode, if both
the single-shooting-mode flag SINGLEF and the self-timer-mode flag
SELFF have "0", that is, in the case of the continuous-shooting
mode, the single-shooting-mode flag SINGLEF is set up to set the
single shooting mode. In the case of the full automatic mode, only
the single shooting mode and the self-timer mode are selectable for
the convenience of beginners. For this reason, in each of the
shutter priority mode, the aperture priority mode and the program
mode, if the exposure-control-mode setting dial 106 is rotated to
select the full automatic mode with the continuous shooting mode
active, the single shooting mode is again set in these steps.
Steps S87 to S96: Each time the drive-mode setting switch SWDRV is
turned on, the film transport mode is switched, as in the case of
the input operation of the flash pop-up button 105. In the case of
the full automatic mode, the self-timer mode and the single
shooting mode can be switched therebetween. During the other modes,
the single shooting mode, the continuous shooting mode, the
self-timer mode and the single shooting mode are selected in that
order.
In the above-described manner, in the case of the full automatic
mode, the film transport mode is set to the single shooting mode or
to the self-timer mode, the AF mode is automatically set to the
one-shot AF mode, and the flash unit cannot be popped up. In
contrast, in each of the shutter priority mode, the aperture
priority mode and the program mode, the film transport mode can be
selectively set to the single shooting mode, the continuous
shooting mode or the self-timer mode, the AF mode can be switched
between the servo AF mode and the one-shot AF mode, and the flash
unit can be popped up through the flash pop-up button 105. The
red-eye preventing mode can be selected through the flash pop-up
button 105 irrespective of the kind of mode.
Step S97: A subroutine for detecting the state of a back lid is
executed.
Steps S98 to S102: The remote-control signal receiving circuit 522
is set to a reception-of-remote-control-signal enable state on the
conditions that the self-timer mode is set and AF is not impossible
and that a shutter release after single shooting is not
inhibited.
Steps S103 to S106: If a release signal from a remote controller is
received or if the release button 104 is pressed down to the first
stroke position, the light measurement flag SW1ONF is set to "1";
otherwise, it is set to "0". If the light measurement flag SW1ONF
is set up, the process proceeds from Step S11 to a light
measurement routine.
The remote controller is set to a reception enable state only when
the self-timer mode is set. However, if the AF system fails to
attain an in-focus state although the shutter is to be released
through the remote controller, the shutter is not able to be
released and light measurement is performed endlessly. To prevent
such a problem, if AF is impossible, the signal REMEN is cleared
and the reception of a remote-control signal is inhibited. When the
signal REMEN is cleared, the remote-control signal receiving
circuit 522 can clear the signal REMON so that the light
measurement flag SW1ONF is cleared and the light measurement can be
stopped. Inhibition of shutter release after single shooting is
performed in a similar manner.
FIG. 9 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "CHECK BACK LID"
of Step S97.
Steps S107 and S108: If the back lid is open, the process proceeds
to Step S108, in which the number-of-frames register FRAMER is
cleared to "0", and the film-winding request flag WNDRQF, the
automatic-loading request flag ALRQF and the end-of-film flag
FLMENDF are all cleared.
Steps S109 and S110: If a film is loaded and the back lid is
closed, since the number-of-frames register FRAMER is cleared in
Step S108, the automatic-loading request flag ALRQF is set up in
Step S109. Therefore, the process proceeds from Step S8 to Step S9
in which automatic loading is executed. After the automatic
loading, the number of frames of the film is counted, and the
process does not pass through Step S110 until the back lid is again
opened.
In the above-described manner, each mode of the camera can be set
through operating elements such as a main dial, an electronic dial
and a mode setting button.
FIG. 10 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "CHARGE FLASH
UNIT".
Steps S111 and S112: If the flash unit is popped up and the
flash-charging completion signal CCC is not at "1", a flash
charging operation starting at Step S113 is performed.
Steps S113: A lens-driving stop command is communicated to the
lens. For example, if the flash unit is popped up and charging of
the flash unit is needed during an AF operation, lens driving is
stopped in this step. This step is intended to prevent an erroneous
operation in which if lens driving is performed during the charging
of the flash unit, which requires a large amount of electrical
power, the electrical power required to drive a lens motor is not
obtained and the lens driving stops.
Steps S114 to S116: The flash charging control signal FLSCHG is set
to "1" and the process waits for the flash-charging completion
signal CCC to go to "1". If the charging of the flash unit is
completed, the signal FLSCHG is reset to "0" and the process
returns to the main routine of FIG. 2.
In the above-described manner, the charging of the flash unit is
performed.
FIG. 11 is a detailed flowchart showing the subroutine "CHECK ZOOM
POSITION OF FLASH UNIT".
Step S117: If the flash unit is not popped up, the process
immediately returns to the main routine.
Step S118: The subroutine "CONVERT FOCAL LENGTH" is called.
FIG. 12 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "CONVERT FOCAL
LENGTH". First of all, it is determined from the focal length of
the lens which of a telephoto range, a standard range and a
wide-angle range corresponds to the current angle of view of the
lens.
Steps S122 to S126: If the focal length is more than 80 mm, it is
determined that the current angle of view of the lens is in the
telephoto range, and data of "3" is stored in the focal-length
converting register FZOOM. If the focal length is between 50 mm and
80 mm, it is determined that the current angle of view is in the
standard range, and data of "2" is stored in the focal-length
converting register FZOOM. Similarly, in the case of 50 mm or less,
data of "1" indicative of the wide-angle range is stored in the
focal-length converting register FZOOM.
Step S119 is the subroutine "READ ZOOM PHASE SIGNAL".
FIG. 13 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "READ ZOOM PHASE
SIGNAL". It is determined which of a telephoto range, a standard
range and a wide-angle range corresponds to the current zoom phase
of the flash unit.
Steps S127 to S133: If the zoom phase signals ZOOM1 and ZOOM2
assume "1" and "0", respectively, it is determined that the zoom
phase of the flash unit is in the telephoto range, and data of "3"
is stored in the zoom position register ZOOMR. If the signals ZOOM1
and ZOOM2 assume "0" and "0", respectively, it is determined that
the zoom phase of the flash unit is in the standard range, and data
of "2" is stored in the zoom position register ZOOMR. Similarly, in
the case of "0" and "1", it is determined that the zoom phase is in
the wide-angle range, and data of "1" is stored in the zoom
position register ZOOMR. If the zoom phase of the flash unit
assumes an intermediate position between each phase, the signals
ZOOM1 and ZOOM2 assume "1" and "1", and data of "0" is stored in
the zoom position register ZOOMR.
Step S120: The value of the flash-unit zoom position register ZOOMR
is compared with that of the lens-focal-length converting register
FZOOM. If these values differ, the subroutine "DRIVING FOR FLASH
ZOOMING" is called so that the focal length of the lens and the
zoom phase of the flash unit are made to coincide with each other,
Since the subroutine "CHECK ZOOM POSITION OF FLASH UNIT" is called
at all times, whenever the photographer varies the focal length of
the lens, flash zooming is immediately executed in accordance with
the varied focal length.
FIGS. 14(A) and 14(B) are detailed flowcharts of the subroutine
"DRIVING FOR FLASH ZOOMING".
Step S134: The focal length of the lens is converted and the
obtained data is stored in the focal-length converting register
FZOOM.
Step S135: An interrupt is inhibited from being caused by the
signal of the switch SW2. During the driving for flash zooming, an
interrupt is inhibited from being caused by a shutter release so
that the flash unit is prevented from flashing at the time of the
shutter release in the state where the flash illumination angle
does not correspond to the lens focal length.
Step S136: The motor M2 is reversed and the driving for flash
zooming is started.
Step S137: The subroutine "ZOOM DUTY" is called.
Step S138: The subroutine "READ ZOOM PHASE SIGNAL" is called.
Step S139: Steps S137 to S139 are looped until the zoom phase
reaches an intermediate phase, that is, the process waits until the
flash unit moves out of the zoom phase indicated by the zoom phase
signal that was provided at the start time of the driving.
The subroutine "ZOOM DUTY" is described below.
Step S145: The voltage of the battery is checked. If the voltage is
high, Steps S146 to S149 are executed.
Steps S146 and S147: The motor M2 is reversed for 8 ms.
Steps S148 and S149: The motor M2 is braked for 2 ms.
This subroutine is executed while Steps S137 to S139 are being
repeated. Accordingly, the motor M2 is driven with a cycle of 10 ms
and a duty of 80%. If the battery voltage is low, the process does
not pass through Steps S146 to S149, and the flash unit is driven
at full power with the motor M2 reversed. Accordingly, if the
battery voltage is high, the rotating speed of the motor M2 is
reduced with a duty of 80% to enhance the controllability of the
driving for flash zooming. If the battery voltage is low, the flash
unit is driven by the full power of the motor M2 so that the speed
of driving for flash zooming does not lower.
Steps S140 to S142: The flash unit is driven until the zoom phase
reaches any stop position of the wide-angle, standard and telephoto
phases.
Step S143: If the value of the flash-unit zoom position register
ZOOMR is the same as the value of the lens-focal-length converting
register FZOOM, the process proceeds to Step S144. Otherwise, the
process returns to Step S137.
Step S144: The motor M2 is braked.
In the above-described manner, the flash illumination angle is made
to correspond to the lens focal length. In the driving for flash
zooming, the flash unit is necessarily driven until the zoom phase
leaves one stop-position phase and reaches another stop-position
phase. Accordingly, the amount of overrun from the above-described
pattern switching position can be kept constant.
FIG. 15 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "POP UP". If the
flash unit is not popped up, the subroutine "DRIVING FOR FLASH
ZOOMING" is activated.
Step S151: As described above in connection with the subroutine
"DRIVING FOR FLASH ZOOMING", the flash unit is necessarily driven
until it leaves a stop position. Since the retaining lever 12 is
unlocked and the flash unit is popped up at an intermediate time
during the driving, zoom phase matching and a flash pop-up
operation can be realized by a common routine.
Step S152: The state of the pop-up switch SW3 is checked after the
driving for flash zooming. If the flash unit fails to be popped up,
an error flag ERRORF is set to "1".
The operation executed in the state of standby is as described
above.
If the release button 104 is depressed to the first stroke position
or if a remote-control signal is transmitted during the self-timer
mode, the light measurement flag SW1ONF is set up and the process
proceeds from Step S11 to the light measurement routine.
FIG. 16 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "LIGHT
MEASUREMENT".
Step S154: Flags and registers for use in light measurement and
distance measurement are initialized. The in-focus flag JFF and the
distance-measurement impossible flag AFNGF are cleared. The
flashing control signal EFEN is cleared to inhibit flashing. The
flag SW1ON.sub.-- OLD for memorizing the state of the light
measurement flag SW1ONF is cleared, and a display-update request
flag DSPCHANGE is set to "1".
The inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention flag INHRDEYE is set,
the inhibit-release-before-automatic-flashing-decision flag INHAPOP
is set, the inhibit-release-after-single-shooting flag INHDRV is
cleared, and an automatic-pop-up completion flag POPENDF is
cleared. A flash mode flag FLASHF is cleared and data of "0" is
stored in the aperture stopped-down difference register
AVSPDNR.
Steps S155 and S156: The subroutines "COMMUNICATION WITH LENS" and
"MAD STATES OF SWITCHES" are called, as in the case of the standby
state.
Step S157: The routine "CHECK SW1" for checking the state of the
switch SW1 is called.
Step S158: As in the case of the standby state, a check is made as
to whether the zoom position of the flash unit corresponds to the
focal length of the lens. If no correspondence is obtained, driving
for flash zooming is executed.
Step S159: Autofocus is performed.
Step S160: The luminance of the subject is measured to compute a
correct shutter speed and aperture value.
Step S161: The red-eye preventing function is controlled.
Steps S162 and S163: Various release conditions are checked and if
shutter release is possible, the process proceeds from Step S163 to
the subroutine "RELEASE".
Step S164: The display is updated.
Steps S165 and S166: A light-measurement timer is controlled and if
an end-of-light-measurement condition is satisfied, the process
proceeds to the standby state. Otherwise, the process returns to
Step S155 and light measurement and distance measurement are
repeatedly executed.
The subroutine "LIGHT MEASUREMENT" will be described below in
detail. FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the subroutine "CHECK SW1".
Step S167: The state of the light measurement flag SW1ONF is
checked. Since "1" was detected in Step S11 and the process
proceeded to the subroutine "LIGHT MEASUREMENT", the process
proceeds to Step S168.
Step S168: The state of the flag SW1ON.sub.-- OLD for memorizing
the state of the light measurement flag SW1ONF is checked. Since
the light measurement flag SW1ONF is cleared in Step S154, Step
S169 is executed. Step S169 is executed each time the flag SW1ONF
changes from "0" to "1".
Step S169: The display-update request flag DSPCHANGE is set to "1".
The inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention flag INHRDEYE is set,
the inhibit-release-before-automatic-flashing-decision flag INHAPOP
is set, and the automatic-pop-up completion flag POPENDF is
cleared.
The flashing control signal EFEN is cleared to inhibit
flashing.
Step S170: If the flash unit is popped up but has not yet been
charged, the main capacitor 511 is charged, as in the case of the
standby state.
Step S171: The flag SW1ON.sub.-- OLD for memorizing the state of
the light measurement flag SW1ONF is set.
After that, if the switch SW1 is on, only Steps S170 and S171 are
executed.
If the flag SW1ONF goes to "0", the process proceeds to Step
S172.
Step S172: Since the flag SW1ON.sub.-- OLD for memorizing the state
of the light measurement flag SW1ONF has been set to "1" in Step
S171, Step S173 is executed.
Step S173: The display-update request flag DSPCHANGE is set to
"1".
The inhibit-release-after-single-shooting flag INHDRV is cleared.
When the release button SW1 is turned off after a shutter release
in the single shooting mode, the release inhibition is
cancelled.
Step S174: The lens driving is inhibited and the AF operation is
stopped.
Step S175: The inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention flag
INHRDEYE is set, and the
inhibit-release-before-automatic-flashing-decision flag INHAPOP is
set.
Step S176: The flag SW1ON.sub.-- OLD for memorizing the state of
the light measurement flag SW1ONF is cleared. As described above,
each time the switch SW1 is turned on or off, each flag is set. If
the light measurement flag SW1ONF is on, the flash unit is charged,
while if it is off, the AF operation is stopped.
FIG. 18 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "AUTOFOCUS".
Steps S177 to S182: An AF operation is not performed and the
process immediately returns to the main routine if any one of the
following conditions is satisfied: (1) the light measurement flag
SW1ONF is off; (2) the distance ring of the lens is being driven;
(3) single shooting has been performed; and (4) an in-focus state
has been achieved in the one-shot AF mode.
Step S183: "0" is outputted as a selecting signal SELAD, and an A/D
conversion port is connected to the distance measuring circuit 521.
The AF readout clock signal AFCLK is cleared to cause a
distance-measuring sensor to start storage.
Step S184: The process waits until the storage is completed.
Step S185: The storage of the distance-measuring sensor is
stopped.
Steps S186 to S188: Each pixel data is converted from analog to
digital form in accordance with whether the level of the AF readout
clock signal AFCLK is high or low.
Step S189: Steps S186 to S189 are looped until all the pixels' data
are read out.
Step S190: Distance-measurement computations are performed by using
the read-out pixel information.
Steps S191 and S192: If it is determined that autofocus is
impossible, the autofocus-impossible flag AFNGF is set up.
Steps S193 and S194: If an in-focus state has been achieved, the
in-focus flag JFF is set up.
Step S195: In the case of manual focusing, lens driving is not
performed.
Steps S196 and S197: The amount of lens driving is computed from
the amount of defocus and stored in the comb-tooth register FPR. A
drive command is transmitted to the lens.
In the above-described manner, autofocus control is executed.
FIG. 19 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine
"LIGHT-MEASUREMENT COMPUTATION".
Steps S198 to S202: Except after an in-focus state has been
achieved in the one-shot AF mode, the luminance of the subject is
measured in Step S202 and an Ev value is obtained. After an
in-focus state has been achieved in the one-shot AF mode,
light-measurement computations are performed by using an Ev value
obtained by light measurement immediately before the in-focus state
is reached. In other words, during the one-shot AF mode, AE lock is
applied when an in-focus state is achieved.
Step S203: If the full automatic mode is not selected, Step S204
and the subsequent steps are executed.
Step S204: The state of the flash pop-up switch SW3 is checked.
Since the full automatic mode is not selected, the flash unit can
be popped up in the subroutine "READ STATES OF SWITCHES". If the
flash unit is not popped up, AE computations are performed in Step
S206, while if it is popped up, flashing computations are performed
in Step S208. In other words, the AE computations or the flashing
computations can be selected in accordance with whether the flash
unit is popped up.
Step S206: The AE computations are performed in accordance with
each exposure control mode. In the shutter priority mode, the
shutter speed TVDISPR is subtracted from the light-measurement
value EVCALR to find the aperture value AVDISPR. In the aperture
priority mode, the set aperture value AVDISPR is subtracted from
the light-measurement value EVCALR to find the shutter speed
TVDISPR. In the program mode or the full automatic mode, the
aperture value AVDISPR and the shutter speed TVDISPR are found by
using known programmed computations.
Step S208: The flashing computations are performed in accordance
with each exposure control mode. In the shutter priority mode, the
shutter speed TVDISPR is limited to an X-sync shutter speed or less
and an appropriate aperture value AVDISPR is obtained from the
subject luminance value EVCALR. In the aperture priority mode, the
shutter speed TVDISPR is set to the X-sync shutter speed. In the
program mode or the full automatic mode, the aperture value AVDISPR
and the shutter speed TVDISPR are found by using the known
programmed computations.
If the full automatic mode is selected in Step S203, Step S209 is
executed.
Steps S209 and S210: Computations are performed on the basis of the
AE mode.
Step S211: It is determined whether automatic flashing is needed.
If flashing is needed, the flash mode flag FLASHF is set to
"1".
Steps S212 and S213: If the flash mode is selected, flashing
computations are performed; otherwise, control is executed on the
basis of the AE value computed in Step S210.
FIG. 20 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "CHECK AUTOMATIC
FLASHING".
Steps S214 to S216: If the AF mode is the one-shot AF mode and an
in-focus state has not yet been reached, the process immediately
returns to the main routine. An AE-computation indication is
displayed until an in-focus state has been reached. If the in-focus
state is achieved, a decision as to automatic flashing is made
after an AE lock state has been reached.
Steps S217 to S219: The conditions of automatic flashing are
checked. If the subject luminance EVCALR is not greater than Ev 10,
or if the shutter speed TVDISPR obtained through the AE
computations is not greater than 1(focal length), or in the case of
backlighting, the process proceeds to Step S220. Otherwise, it is
determined that a flash is not needed, and the process proceeds to
Step S225.
Steps S220 to S222: If the light measurement flag SW1ONF is at "1"
and the flash unit has not yet been popped up, the flash unit is
popped up.
Steps S223 and S224: If the flash unit has already been popped up,
the flash mode flag FLASHF is set up. The flag POPENDF, indicating
that the flash unit has been popped up once, is also set up.
Accordingly, if the switch SW1 is off, the flash unit does not pop
up even under conditions suited to automatic flashing. If the
photographer manually presses down the flash unit after the flash
unit has been popped up once, the process proceeds from Step S221
to Step S223. Since the flash pop-up switch SW3 goes to "0" in Step
S223, the subject is photographed on the basis of the result of the
AE computations. In other words, if the user desires AE photography
using no flashing under conditions suited to automatic flashing and
presses down the flash unit, the flash unit does not pop up until
the user releases the release button 104 and turns it on to clear
the automatic-pop-up completion flag POPENDF in Step S169.
Step S225: The inhibit-release-before-automatic-flashing
(pop-up)-decision flag INHAPOP is cleared. Accordingly, during the
one-shot AF mode, the flash unit does not pop up or shutter release
is inhibited until an in-focus state is achieved. After a decision
has been made as to a flash-unit pop-up operation, shutter release
becomes possible.
FIG. 21 is a flowchart of the subroutine "CONTROL RED-EYE
PREVENTING FUNCTION".
Steps S226 to S229: If the
inhibit-release-before-automatic-flashing-decision flag INHAPOP is
set up or no in-focus state is achieved in the one-shot AF mode, no
processing is performed and the process returns to the main
routine. Accordingly, the inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention
flag INHRDEYE remains on and shutter release is impossible.
Steps S230 to S235: A decision as to red-eye prevention control is
made. In Step S235, the red-eye prevention counter REDCNTR and the
inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention flag INHRDEYE are cleared
if any of the following conditions is satisfied: (1) the red-eye
preventing mode is not set; (2) the flash unit is not popped up;
(3) the switch SW1 is off; (4) the self-timer is set; and (5) the
inhibit-release-after-single-shooting signal INHDRV is set. In
addition, the red-eye-preventing-lamp light-up signal LAMPB is
cleared. Accordingly, if the self-timer is set or the red-eye
preventing function is not used, shutter release can be immediately
performed.
Step S236: If the red-eye preventing lamp 33 has already been lit
up, the process proceeds to Step S240. If it is not lit up, the
process proceeds to Step S237.
Step S237: Data of "5" is stored in the red-eye prevention counter
REDCTR and the red-eye preventing lamp 33 is lit up.
Step S238: A 250 ms-timer is set.
Step S239: The display-update request flag DSPCHANGE is set up.
The setup of the display-update request flag DSPCHANGE updates the
current indication to an indication which represents that a red-eye
preventing operation is being executed.
Since the loop of Steps S155 to S166 is repeated while the light
measurement flag SW1ONF is on, control returns to the subroutine
"CONTROL RED-EYE PREVENTING FUNCTION".
Since the red-eye preventing lamp 33 has been lit up in Step S237,
the process proceeds from Step S236 to Step S240.
Step S240: Since the value of the red-eye prevention counter
REDCNTR is not "0", the process proceeds to Step S241.
Step S241: If 250 ms have not yet passed, the process immediately
returns to the main routine.
Step S242: If 250 ms pass, the count value of the red-eye
prevention counter RECNTR is decremented by "1". In Step S238, the
250 ms-timer is again set, and in Step S239, the display is
updated.
When the red-eye prevention counter REDCNTR counts down and reaches
"0", the process proceeds from Step S240 to Step S243. After that,
the process passes through Step S243 until the switch SW1 is turned
off or the shutter release is performed.
Step S243: The inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention flag
INHRDEYE is cancelled.
FIG. 22 is a flowchart of the subroutine "CHECK RELEASE".
Step S244: An interrupt for shutter release caused by the falling
of a signal outputted from the switch SW2 is inhibited.
Steps S245 to S253: A decision is made as to each condition under
which shutter release is impossible.
Shutter release is not performed under any of the following
conditions: (1) after single shooting has been performed; (2)
before a decision as to automatic flashing is performed; (3) while
a red-eye preventing operation is being performed; (4) when the end
of the film is detected; (5) when the back lid is closed; (6) when
the switch SW1 of the release button is off; (7) when a
remote-control signal is not being received; and (8) when no
in-focus state is achieved in the one-shot AF mode.
Steps S254 and S255: If the switch SW2 is on or if a remote-control
signal is being received, execution of shutter release is
determined in Step S257. The process proceeds from Step S163 to the
subroutine "SHUTTER RELEASE".
Step S256: If the conditions required to execute shutter release
are established, and if the switch SW2 of the release button is off
and a remote-control signal is not being received, the camera is
set so that an interrupt for shutter release can be generated by
the falling of a signal outputted from the switch SW2. If the
interrupt for shutter release is generated, the process immediately
starts to execute the shutter release.
Accordingly, after that, if the switch SW2 of the release button is
turned on during the execution of the loop of Steps S155 to S166,
an operation which is being executed at that time is interrupted
and the process jumps to the subroutine "SHUTTER RELEASE".
However, as described in connection with the subroutine "DRIVING
FOR FLASH ZOOMING", if it is determined that a driving for flash
zooming is being executed, the shutter release is inhibited and a
release of the shutter is then impossible during the driving for
flash zooming.
FIG. 23 is a flowchart of the subroutine "DISPLAY CONTROL".
Step S258: If the process proceeds to this routine for the first
time, the process jumps to Step S260 since the flag DSPCHANGE has
been set up in Step S154.
Steps S260 to S262: If the value of the red-eye prevention counter
REDCNTR is not "0", an indication representing that the red-eye
preventing operation is being executed is displayed; otherwise, a
light-measurement indication is displayed.
Step S263: Displayed time is memorized.
After that, if the flag DSPCHANGE is not set up, the loop of Steps
S155 to S166 is repeated. Then, the process proceeds to Step
S259.
Step S259: It is determined whether 500 ms have passed from the
memorized displayed time. If 500 ms have passed, updating of the
display is performed. Accordingly, since the display is updated at
intervals of 500 ms, even if a light-measurement value varies
frequently during the light-measurement computations, the display
does not flicker. However, if the flag DSPCHANGE is set up by any
cause, the display is updated and 500 ms are again counted.
FIG. 24 is a flowchart of the subroutine "CONTROL LIGHT-MEASUREMENT
TIMER".
Steps S264 to S267: If the light measurement flag SW1ONF is set up
or the display is updated, then the time to be counted is set to 6
seconds in Step S266. The display-update request flag DSPCHANGE is
cleared in Step S267.
Steps S268 and S269: If 6 seconds have passed with the light
measurement flag SW1ONF remaining in the "0" state and the
display-update request flag DSPCHANGE remaining in the "0" state,
it is determined that the light-measurement timer has timed out.
The process returns from Step S166 to the standby state.
In other words, if the switch SW1 of the release button is turned
on once to execute a light measurement, the 6-second
light-measurement timer is activated after the switch SW1 has been
turned off. The light measurement is continued while the 6-second
light-measurement timer is counting. When 6 seconds have passed,
the process returns to the standby state.
The operation of the camera when both the full automatic mode and
the red-eye preventing function are set will be described below in
brief.
If the photographer aims the camera at a subject and presses the
release button 104 down to the first stroke position, the program
proceeds from Step S11 to the subroutine "LIGHT MEASUREMENT". In
Step S154, initializing is performed, that is, the in-focus flag
JFF is cleared, and the inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention
flag INHRDEYE as well as the
inhibit-release-before-automatic-flashing-decision flag INHAPOP are
set.
In Step S159, a one-shot AF operation is initiated. When
distance-measurement computations have been completed and the lens
starts moving, light-measurement computations are performed in Step
S160. At this time, since no in-focus state has yet been reached,
the process immediately returns from Step S216 in the case of the
subroutine "CHECK AUTOMATIC FLASHING". Accordingly, the aperture
value AVDISPR and the shutter speed TVDISPR are obtained through AE
computations. The process also returns from Step S229 in the case
of the subroutine "CONTROL RED-EYE PREVENTING FUNCTION".
Accordingly, a shutter release is impossible in Step S162 for a
release check. Then, in Steps S261 for the display control, a
display of a light-measurement indication is executed to provide
the visual displays shown in FIGS. 42(A) and 43(A).
When the lens is driven to reach an in-focus position, the in-focus
flag JFF is set to "1" in Step S194, and a check of the automatic
flash is performed. If it is determined in the check of the
automatic flash that the conditions of the automatic flash are
satisfied, then the flash unit is automatically popped up in Step
S222. Since the flash unit is popped up, the flash mode flag FLASHF
is set up in Step S224, and in Step S213 flash-mode computations
are performed. Then, in the subroutine "CONTROL RED-EYE PREVENTING
FUNCTION", the red-eye preventing lamp 33 is lit up in Step S237
for the first time. At the same time that the red-eye preventing
lamp 33 is lit up, an indication representing that a red-eye
preventing operation is being executed is displayed in Step S262 of
the subroutine "DISPLAY CONTROL". Since the value of the red-eye
prevention counter REDCNTR is "5", the respective visual displays
shown in FIGS. 42(B) and 43(B) are provided. While the indication
of the execution of the red-eye preventing operation is being
displayed, the inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention flag
INHRDEYE remains on and the shutter release is inhibited. When 250
ms pass after the indication that is shown in FIG. 42(B) has been
displayed, the red-eye prevention counter REDCNTR is decremented in
Step S242. Simultaneously, the displays switch from those of FIGS.
42(B) and 43(B) to those of FIGS. 42(C) and 43(C), respectively.
Similarly, each time 250 ms pass, the red-eye prevention counter
REDCNTR is decremented and the respective displays switch
accordingly. When the red-eye prevention counter REDCNTR is
decremented to "0", the inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention
flag INHRDEYE is cleared in Step S243.
Since the red-eye preventing lamp 33 is kept lighting up during a
predetermined time in the above-described manner, the pupils of the
subject shrink in reaction to the light of the red-eye preventing
lamp 33 so that red eye does not easily occur. During this time,
the display is updated at intervals of 250 ms to warn the
photographer that the red-eye preventing operation is being
executed. During a period of time in which the effect of the
red-eye preventing operation is not obtained, shutter release is
inhibited. If 1.25 seconds have passed and occurrence of the red
eye is prevented, the inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention
flag INHRDEYE is cancelled and shutter release is enabled. When the
switch SW1 of the release button is turned off, the red-eye
preventing lamp 33 is put out in Step S175. If the release button
is again depressed, an identical operation is again performed.
If the conditions of automatic flashing are not satisfied, the
inhibit-release-before-automatic-flashing-decision flag INHAPOP is
cleared in Step S225. Since the flash mode flag FLASHF remains
cleared by the subroutine "CONTROL RED-EYE PREVENTING FUNCTION",
the inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention flag INHRDEYE is
cleared in Step S235 and shutter release is enabled with AE active
in the subroutine "CHECK RELEASE".
If the exposure setting mode is any one of the shutter priority
mode, the aperture priority mode, or the program mode, the flash
unit does not automatically pop up, and is popped up by pressing
down the flash pop-up button 105. Accordingly, if the red-eye
preventing mode is set, the red-eye preventing function is
performed only when the flash unit is popped up.
If the AF mode is in the servo AF mode or a manual focusing mode,
then the automatic pop-up operation of the flash unit and the
emission of a red-eye preventing light are executed at the same
time that the switch SW1 of the release button is pressed down.
If the film transport mode is the self-timer mode, the red-eye
preventing lamp 33 does not operate during the light measurement.
The operation of the camera in the self-timer mode will be
described later.
FIG. 25 is a flowchart of the subroutine "RELEASE".
Step S270: The driving of the lens is stopped since the lens may be
moving in the servo AF mode.
Step S271: The red-eye preventing lamp 33 is put out.
Step S272: The zoom position of the flash unit is checked.
Step S273: The main mirror is moved up.
Step S274: If any error occurs, the process returns from Step
S282.
Step S275: The shutter leading and trailing curtains are made to
run.
Step S276: The film is wound and the shutter is charged.
Step S277: The flash unit is charged if flashing has been
performed.
Step S278: If the switch SW2 is off, the shutter release operation
is brought to an end.
Step S279: In the case of the state of release inhibition after
single shooting, the process brings the shutter release operation
to an end and proceeds to Step S282 without performing continuous
shooting.
Steps S280 and S281: If the red-eye preventing mode is set with the
flash mode selected, the process returns to the standby state
without performing continuous shooting.
Step S282: The inhibit-release-during-red-eye-prevention flag
INHRDEYE is set up.
Accordingly, even if the film transport mode is the continuous
shooting mode, when the switch SW2 is held in the on state during
the red-eye preventing mode, the process returns to the standby
state each time the film is transported by one frame. In the
subroutine "LIGHT MEASUREMENT", the red-eye preventing lamp 33 is
lit up for 1.25 seconds and then a shutter release operation is
executed. If the red-eye preventing mode has not been selected,
then the process repeats the loop of Steps S272 to S281 while the
switch SW2 is being held in the on state with the continuous
shooting mode selected as the film transport mode.
FIG. 26 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "MOVE UP
MIRROR".
Step S283: Processing of the self-timer mode is performed. If the
self-timer mode has been set, the process waits for 10 seconds.
Step S284: Since the shutter is of the release type, the
shutter-operating electromagnets MG31 and MG32 are energized before
the retention of the shutter is released.
Step S285: The motor M2 is made to run in the forward
direction.
Step S286: The process waits for 15 ms to avoid a rush current in
the energization of the motor M2.
Steps S287 to S289: A computed difference in aperture is stored in
the aperture stopped-down difference register AVSPDNR. If the
computed difference in aperture is greater than "0", then a
diaphragm drive command is transmitted to the lens.
Step S290: An indication indicating that exposure is being
performed is displayed.
Step S291: The state of the shutter-charging and mirror-up phase
switch CMSP1 is checked. If the shutter-charging and mirror-up
phase switch CMSP1 is on, the loop of Step S291 is repeated. When
the switch CMSP1 is turned off, Step S292 is executed.
Step S292: The process loops until the shutter-charging and
mirror-up phase switch CMSP2 is turned on.
Step S293: Since the shutter-charging and mirror-up phase switch
CMSP2 is turned on and the upward movement of the main mirror is
completed, the motor M2 is braked.
FIG. 27 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "SELF-TIMER".
Step S294: If the self-timer mode is not set, the process returns
immediately.
Step S295: It is determined whether the shutter-release operation
has been performed by means of the remote controller or by turning
on the switch SW2. If the remote controller is not used, then Step
S296 and the subsequent steps are executed.
Step S296: The process waits for the self-timer to count 8
seconds.
Steps S297 to S299: If the red-eye preventing mode is set with the
flash mode active, the red-eye preventing lamp 33 is lit up. In the
subroutine "CONTROL RED-EYE PREVENTING FUNCTION", the red-eye
preventing lamp 33 is not lit up at the time of setting the
self-time mode. This processing is intended to improve the
operability of the camera by lighting up the red-eye preventing
lamp 33 for the last 2 seconds in the 10-second counting of the
self-timer and preventing a wasteful power consumption from
occurring during the light measurement and the 8-second counting of
the self-timer.
Step S300: The process waits for 2 seconds.
If a remote-control signal is received and a shutter release
operation is initiated, the process proceeds from Step S295 to Step
S301.
Steps S301 to S304: If the red-eye preventing mode is set with the
flash mode active, the red-eye preventing lamp 33 is lit up for 2
seconds and then the shutter is released. If the red-eye preventing
mode has not been set, then the process returns immediately.
Accordingly, if the red-eye preventing mode is not set when the
remote controller is in use, then the shutter is immediately
released. If the red-eye preventing mode is set, the red-eye
preventing lamp 33 is lit up for 2 seconds and then the shutter is
released.
FIG. 28 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "CONTROL
SHUTTER".
Steps S305 to S308: If there is no film in the camera, film winding
is not performed. If the film has been exposed up to the 36th
frame, the end-of-film flag FLMENDF is set up. If the film has not
yet been exposed up to the 36th frame, then a winding request flag
WNDRQF is set up.
Steps S309 and S310: If the film transport mode is set to the
single shooting mode, then the
inhibit-release-after-single-shooting flag INHDRV is set up.
Step S311: An actual shutter running time is computed from the APEX
value of the computed shutter speed TVDISPR.
Steps S312 and S313: If the trailing-curtain-sync-flash setting
switch SWPOSTF is off, then the leading-curtain sync flash has been
selected. Accordingly, "1" is outputted as the flashing control
signal EFEN to enable the flash unit to flash.
Step S314: The energization of the shutter-leading-curtain holding
electromagnet MG31 is stopped to cause the leading curtain to
run.
When the shutter leading curtain completes running, the X-sync
contact 531 is turned on. The flashing controlling circuit 513
causes the trigger circuit 514 to output a trigger signal for
flashing, on the basis of AND processing between the flashing
control signal EFEN and an ON signal from the X-sync contact 531.
When the flash unit flashes and the intensity of light reflected
from the subject reaches a correct level, the flashing controlling
circuit 513 stops the flashing of the flash unit. However, in the
case of the trailing-curtain sync flash setting, since the value of
the flashing control signal EFEN is not "1", the flash unit does
not flash.
Step S315: Measurement of an actual shutter timer is initiated.
Step S316: The process waits until 1 ms before the expiry of the
actual shutter time.
Step S317: "1" is outputted as the flashing control signal EFEN.
Since the X-sync contact 531 has already been turned on, the
flashing controlling circuit 513 immediately causes the flash unit
to flash and executes flashing control.
Step S318: The process waits for the actual shutter time to
pass.
Step S319: The energization of the shutter-trailing-curtain holding
the electromagnet MG32 is stopped causing the shutter trailing
curtain to run.
Step S320: The process returns when the running-of-trailing-curtain
completion switch SWCN2 is turned on.
FIG. 29 is a detailed flowchart of the subroutine "WIND FILM".
Step S321: A shutter charging interrupt is started. The motor M2 is
activated. Since the control is executed in the interrupt, it is
executed in parallel with this flowchart. A detailed description
will be described later.
Step S322: The process waits for 15 ms to avoid a rush current in
the energization of the motor M2.
Step S323: A command to fully open the aperture is transmitted to
the lens.
Step S324: A film winding interrupt is started. The motor M1 is
activated. Since the control is executed in the interrupt, it is
executed in parallel with this flowchart, as in the case of the
shutter charging interrupt.
Step S325: Communication with the lens is performed and data is
read.
Step S326: The process waits for 40 ms until the main mirror moves
down.
Step S327: The subroutine "LIGHT MEASUREMENT COMPUTATION" is
called.
Steps S328 to S330: If the AF mode is the servo AF mode, the
subroutine "AUTOFOCUS" is called. An AF operation is performed even
during continuous shooting.
Step S331: The process waits until the film-winding flag WNDINGF
goes to "0", that is, the process waits for the completion of film
winding which is being performed in parallel.
Step S332: The process waits for the completion of shutter charging
similarly to the film winding. After the shutter charging has been
completed, the process returns and the film winding is ended.
FIGS. 30(A) and 30(B) are detailed flowcharts of the subroutine
"START SHUTTER CHARGING".
Step S333: Data of "4000" is stored in a shutter-charging time-out
counter OC4CNTR.
Step S334: The motor M2 is driven to run in the forward
direction.
Step S335: The shutter-charging flag CHGINGF is set, and the
charging phase state flag CMSPF is cleared.
Step S336: A 500 .mu.s-timer interrupt is started.
After that, when 500 .mu.s elapses during the execution of the
subroutine "WIND FILM", an interrupt occurs and control is
transferred to the subroutine "500 .mu.s-TIMER INTERRUPT".
Steps S337 to S340: The shutter-charging time-out counter OC4CNTR
is decremented by "1", and if "0" is reached, the process proceeds
to Step S339. If the count value of the shutter-charging time-out
counter OC4CNTR becomes "0", it indicates that the interrupt has
occurred 4,000 times at intervals of 500 .mu.s. That is to say, if
the motor M2 runs forward for 2 seconds but the shutter charging is
not completed, then it is determined that an accident has occurred.
The motor M2 is braked and the error flag ERRORF is set to "1".
Simultaneously, the shutter-charging flag CHGINGF is cleared.
Step S341: The state of the charging phase state flag CMSPF is
checked. Since the charging phase state flag CMSPF has been cleared
in Step S335, Step S342 and the subsequent steps are executed.
Step S342 to S344: If the shutter-charging and mirror-up phase
switch CMSP1 or CMSP2 is in the "0" state, the charging phase state
flag CMSPF is left in the "0" state and the process proceeds to
Step S345. If both switches are set to "1", the charging phase
state flag CMSPF is set to "1".
Step S345: The 500 .mu.s-timer interrupt is again started to bring
the interrupt to an end. When the shutter-charging and mirror-up
phase switches CMSP1 and CMSP2 are both set to "1", the process
proceeds from Step S341 to Step S346 in the next interrupt.
Steps S346 and S347: If the shutter-charging and mirror-up phase
switch CMSP1 or CMSP2 is in the "1" state, then the process
proceeds to Step S345, in which the 500 .mu.s-timer interrupt is
again started to bring the interrupt to an end. If both switches
are set to "0", then the process proceeds to Step S348.
Step S348: Since the shutter charging has been completed, the
shutter-charging flag CHGINGF is cleared.
Step S349: The motor M2 is braked and the interrupt is brought to
an end. After that, the 500 .mu.s-timer interrupt is not
executed.
FIGS. 31(A), 31(B) and 31(C) are detailed flowcharts of the
subroutine "WIND FILM".
Step S350: If there is no request for film winding, that is, if
there is no loaded film, the process returns without executing
anything.
Step S351: The film-winding request flag WNDRQF is cleared, and the
film-winding flag WNDINGF is set.
Step S352: Data of "8" is stored in a perforation counter
PFCNTR.
Step S353: The motor M1 is driven to run in the forward direction,
thereby starting film winding.
Step S354: A 300 ms-timer interrupt is started.
Step S355: An interrupt is started which is caused at the falling
edge of a film signal.
When the motor M1 is driven in the forward direction, the film is
wound. The perforation portion of the film passes through the gap
between the phototransistor 505 and the LED 504. During this time,
the film-base portion of the film intercepts the light emitted from
the LED 504, and the phototransistor 505 is turned off and hence
the comparator 507 outputs a high-level signal. While a perforation
hole is passing through the aforesaid gap, the light passes through
the perforation hole and the comparator 507 outputs a low-level
signal. When the perforation hole enters the gap and the comparator
507 outputs the low-level signal, the interrupt occurs and the
subroutine "FILM-SIGNAL INTERRUPT" is executed.
Steps S356 to S357: The perforation counter PFCNTR counts down. If
the film is transported by eight perforation holes, i.e., by one
frame, the process proceeds to Step S360. If not yet, the process
proceeds to Step S358.
Step S358: The 300 ms-timer interrupt is again started.
Step S359: The subroutine "FILM-SIGNAL INTERRUPT" is again started
to bring the interrupt to an end.
Step S360: The film-winding flag WNDINGF is set.
Step S361: Since the film winding has been completed, the motor M1
is braked.
Step S362: The number of exposed frames is incremented by "1", and
the interrupt is brought to an end.
The 300 ms-timer interrupt normally does not occur since it is
again started each time the number of perforation holes is counted
by one in Step S358. However, in a case where the film is wound up
to the end of the film and is stretched in that state, if the
interval of the film-signal interrupt becomes longer than 300 ms,
the 300 ms-timer interrupt occurs.
Step S363: The film-winding flag WNDINGF is cleared.
Step S364: The motor M1 is braked.
Step S365: The end-of-film flag FLMENDF is set and the interrupt is
brought to an end.
In the above-described manner, film exposure, film winding and
shutter charging can be performed.
As is apparent from the foregoing description, since the camera
according to the present invention is arranged so that if the focal
length of the zoom lens is varied when the zoom flash unit is in
use in a state where the zoom lens is attached to the camera,
photography is disabled until the completion of the variation of
the illumination angle of the flash unit is detected. Accordingly,
it is possible to prevent an accident, such as a inadequate
illumination in photography, from being caused by a discrepancy
between the focal length of the zoom lens and the illumination
angle of the zoom flash unit.
While the present invention has been described with respect to what
is presently considered to be the preferred embodiments, it is to
be understood that the invention's entirety covers various
modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the
spirit and scope of the appended claims. The scope of the following
claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretations which would
encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and
functions.
* * * * *