U.S. patent number 4,467,698 [Application Number 06/321,736] was granted by the patent office on 1984-08-28 for angular shape firing pin for use with a collapsible toggle recoil in a hand held weapon.
Invention is credited to Walter E. Perrine.
United States Patent |
4,467,698 |
Perrine |
August 28, 1984 |
Angular shape firing pin for use with a collapsible toggle recoil
in a hand held weapon
Abstract
Hand held rifles and pistols employing a novel bolt firing pin
configuration and controls therefor which effectively absorb the
effects of the shell explosive forces.
Inventors: |
Perrine; Walter E. (Van Nuys,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
23251803 |
Appl.
No.: |
06/321,736 |
Filed: |
November 16, 1981 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
89/190; 42/25;
89/1.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A
3/50 (20130101); F41A 3/72 (20130101); F41A
21/484 (20130101); F41A 17/38 (20130101); F41A
15/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41A
21/00 (20060101); F41A 3/50 (20060101); F41A
15/00 (20060101); F41A 3/00 (20060101); F41A
15/12 (20060101); F41A 21/48 (20060101); F41A
17/00 (20060101); F41A 17/38 (20060101); F41A
3/72 (20060101); F41C 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;42/25
;89/168,176,190 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bentley; Stephen C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Lindsley; Warren F. B.
Claims
I claim:
1. A bolt action weapon comprising:
a frame,
a handle on said frame,
a trigger mounted on said frame adjacent said handle,
a hollow barrel having a firing chamber,
a bolt movable in said frame axially to and from the firing chamber
of said barrel,
said bolt being provided with a surface at one end thereof which is
angular to the longitudinal axis of said bolt forming a first cam
surface,
an elongated link connected at one end to said frame and providing
a second cam surface along its length for engagement with said
first cam surface,
said first cam surface of said bolt and said second cam surface of
said link being relatively slidably movable one over the other
until said second cam surface engages a particular area on said
first cam surface to retain said bolt when it has been moved to
said firing chamber,
a compression means mounted in said handle for biasing said link
into contact with said bolt and for controlling the movement of
said link as it collapses by causing its free end to swing
downwardly away from said bolt into said handle, and
a trip ejector arm pivotally mounted on said frame adjacent said
trigger for restraining the bolt from moving to said firing chamber
until actuated for pivotal movement by said trigger.
2. The bolt action weapon set forth in claim 1 wherein:
another end of said bolt is provided with an indentation for
picking up a bullet from a magazine attached to said frame and
placing it in said firing chamber,
said indentation being circular in form and larger than the
diameter of the shell end of the bullet.
3. The bolt action weapon set forth in claim 2 wherein:
said another end of said bolt is provided with a flange for
engaging the periphery of the shell of the bullet,
said bolt when retracted from adjacent the firing chamber of the
barrel under the explosive force of the bullet holding with said
flange the shell of the bullet until the bolt engages said ejector
arm at which time the shell of the bullet is pivoted out of the
weapon.
4. The bolt action weapon set forth in claim 3 wherein:
said flange comprises a finger like structure protruding from said
another end of said bolt for engaging an indentation in the shell
of the bullet.
5. The bolt action weapon set forth in claim 2 wherein:
said another end of the bolt is slotted longitudinally thereof for
receiving in said slot and passing therethrough the end of said
ejector arm after it has momentarily restrained said bolt.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to weapons and, more particularly, to an
angular firing pin or lever which cooperates with a collapsible
toggle recoil system for releasing the spent shell and absorbing
the recoil forces of a hand gun.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention is particularly directed to weapons such as rifles
and pistols wherein a novel bolt extending means is tripped from a
locked position when the gun is fired, aids in releasing and
ejecting the spent shell and is configured to substantially reduce
the weight of the moving parts of the weapon to reduce recoil of
the weapon system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, the majority of all weapons of this class have been
toggle actuated causing their toggle links to recede into the
handle of the gun when fired to offset the effects of firing recoil
and are biased toward their locked position by a spring means
bearing in a given area on the toggle.
Applicant's U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,630,119; 3,661,049; 3,709,091;
3,732,779; 3,748,961; 3,783,739 and 4,126,079 and 4,183,282 are the
closest prior art known but differ from the invention claimed
herein.
Since the largest contributor to the forces of recoil in toggle
action weapons are the moving parts of the weapon arranged above
the hands of the user, it is necessary to reduce this weight if
recoil of the weapon is to be further reduced and more effectively
controlled. Accordingly, the bolt design of the prior art and its
spring control means arranged above the trigger hand of the user
must be modified or changed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention claimed, a new and improved
mechanism employing a novel bolt firing pin configuration and
controls therefor is disclosed which can be used effectively to
absorb the effects of the shell explosive forces in weapons such as
rifles and pistols.
The new and improved weapons employing such a mechanism utilize gun
barrel pressure to drive their bolts and associated mechanism from
their at rest positions to their tripped positions. At the time
this happens, the bullet has left the barrel of the gun and the
residual pressure in the gun causes the bolt and its controlling
mechanism to move to their fully retracted positions in the handle
of the weapons. Recoil springs in the gun reacting on the bolt
return the bolt to a predetermined position for locking in
place.
It is, therefore, one object of this invention to provide a new and
improved hand held weapon in which gas pressure generated in a gun
barrel causes the bolt controlling gun mechanism to recede to a
retracted position in the handle of the weapon.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved weapon
in which biasing forces acting on the firing pin aid in absorbing
recoil.
A still further object of this invention is to provide an improved
weapon in which the bolt upon release is free of the drag of any
recoil restraints.
A still further object of this invention is to provide an improved
weapon in which the bolt is held in weapon firing position and
released by a single link retracting into the handle of the
weapon.
A still further object of this invention is to provide an improved
weapon employing a link, the contour of which cooperates with a
part of the bolt to provide a means for guiding it into the handle
of the weapon.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will become
apparent as the following description proceeds and the features of
novelty which characterize this invention will be pointed out with
particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this
specification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention may be more readily described by reference to
the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a gas operated weapon
with its link operating mechanism in position during a gun firing
operation and embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the link and bolt prior
to a gun firing operation;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the shell engaging end of the
bolt;
FIG. 4 is a left end view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the other mating half of the
frame of the weapon shown in FIG. 1 reversed 180 degrees;
FIG. 6 is an exploded top view of the gas operated weapon shown in
FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a view partially in cross-section of the left end of the
weapon, missing in FIG. 1, with the barrel locked in place;
FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the structure shown in
FIG. 1 with the barrel released for removal from the weapon;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the trigger mechanism shown in FIG. 1
illustrating the trip ejector, tab and spring;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view partially in section of the clip
release mechanism shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 10 taken along the line
11--11;
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the safety catch used in the
triggering mechanism of the weapon shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 13 is a front view of the safety catch shown in FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a top view of the safety catch shown in FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the front sight of the weapon
shown in FIG. 7;
FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view of the bolt mechanism;
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of another casing of the weapon shown
in FIG. 1;
FIG. 17A is a side view of FIG. 17; and
FIG. 17B is a side view of FIG. 17 with a part of the housing
pivotally disengaged.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring more particularly to the drawings by characters of
reference, FIG. 1 shows an example of one embodiment of this
invention illustrating a partial view of a pistol having a frame
10, handle 11, trigger 12 with trigger guard 13 and a bullet
magazine 14. A demountable adjustably positioned barrel 15 is
received in a bore 16 in the front end of frame 10 comprising two
substantially identical juxtapositioned parts 10A and 10B shown in
FIGS. 1, 2 and 5.
The bullet magazine 14 is demountably secured by a releasable latch
shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 in a guide sleeve 17 of frame 10 to feed
the bullets 18 into insertion and firing position by a bolt 19
which moves on guiding surfaces 20 in frame 10 into an aligning
aperture 21 in the rear end of barrel 15. The rear end of bolt 19
is provided with an angular surface 22 serving as a cam rider
mounted for rotation over a cam surface 23 of a link 24 pivotally
connected by pin 25 to frame 10 of the weapon. Normally, when
bullet 18 has been loaded in the barrel in firing position, link 24
is aligned, as shown in FIG. 1, at which time the longitudinal axis
of link 24 is at an angle slightly below a line between the center
of surface 22 and pin 25.
A compression spring 26 carried on a telescoping push rod 27
comprising two tubular parts 28 and 29 is slidingly supported in a
clearance hole 30 in handle 11 of the weapon. A dome shaped head
31A is provided at the free end of part 29 of rod 27 to bear
against the free end of link 24 in a groove 24A or indentation
having a curvature similar to the engaging part of head 31A, as
shown. The compression spring 26 operates between an arcuate shaped
head 31 positioned in a similarly shaped opening 30 in handle 11
and the dome shaped head 31A of part 29 of rod 27 to normally
yieldingly hold surface 23 of link 24 against cam surface 22 in the
firing position of the gun. The link is tripped from its firing
position by gas pressure from the gun barrel when the gun is
fired.
As noted from FIGS. 1, 2 and 16 of the drawings, bolt 19 has been
modified to differ from the prior art configurations by providing
an elongated bolt configuration with a flat surface on its top
which is guided by surface 20 forming a part of the inside
periphery of frame 10 of the weapon and a slotted opening 19A
extending longitudinally of its upper surface 32 for engaging with
a cocking bolt 33, a part of the bolt extraction assembly 34.
As noted from FIGS. 1, 2 and 16, the bolt extraction assembly 34
comprises the elongated bolt 19 biased by a pair of bolt return
springs 35 (only one of which is shown), each of which are mounted
on a shaft 36, one end of which extends through a flange 37 mounted
on each side of bolt 19, as shown in FIG. 16, and secured thereto
by nuts 38 threadedly connected thereto. These springs are retained
between flanges 37 and a head 39 formed at the opposite free ends
of shafts 36.
The cocking bolt 33 comprises an elongated rectangular member
having a cylindrical protrusion 40 extending laterally from the
bottom surface 41 thereof, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 16, which
protrudes into the slot or opening 19A in bolt 19. The bottom
surface 41 of the cocking bolt 33 rests on surface 32 of bolt 19.
This cocking bolt is further provided with a pair of parallelly
arranged compression springs 42, each of which are mounted around a
shaft 43, which shafts 43 are secured in a side by side arrangement
by a bite member 44. Shafts 43 and their springs 42 each extend
into a suitable longitudinally extending opening 45 in cocking bolt
33 with shafts 43 only extending longitudinally through opening 46
in the left end of the cocking bolt 33 to bear against a part of
frame 10, as shown in FIG. 1. As noted from FIGS. 1 and 2, the left
ends of springs 42 bear against the inside surface of opening 45
with their opposite ends bearing against bite 44 of the spring
mounting.
As shown more clearly in FIG. 16, the cocking bolt 33 is provided
with an opening 48 extending substantially perpendicularly to its
surface 49 inwardly thereof for receiving therein a cooperating
shaft 50 of a cocking lever 51. The cocking lever 51 comprising an
elongated trough like member is arranged to rest on the top of
frame 10 of the hand weapon with its shaft 50 when engaged in
opening 48 of cocking bolt 33 moving longitudinally of the frame in
slotted opening 52 in the frame. This movement of the cocking lever
longitudinally of the frame simultaneously moves the cocking bolt
33 in a common direction against the bias of springs 42 on shafts
43 and springs 35 on shafts 36.
As noted from FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, the bullet striking
end of bolt 19 is conformed in a special way to not only engage the
bullet with its striking pin, but is provided with a cylindrical
indentation 54 to receive therein the end of the shell of bullet
18. A finger 55 extending outwardly of the bullet striking end of
bolt 19 is used for extracting the empty shell of the bullet after
firing. A striking pin 56 is formed in the center of indentation 54
and axially aligned with barrel 15 for striking the primer of the
bullet in the usual manner. As noted from FIGS. 3 and 4, the firing
end of bolt 19 is provided with a slot 57 extending longitudinally
of its length for receiving a projecting flange 58 of a trip
ejector pivotally mounted arm 59.
Arm 59 is pivotally mounted to extend along the length of the guide
sleeve 17 for the bullet magazine 14 and is so mounted that its
projecting flange 59 will slide in slot 52 of bolt 19 during a part
of its travel in frame 10.
It should be noted that the left end of bolt 19 in the cocked
position of the weapon, as shown in FIG. 2, engages the projecting
flange 58 of the trip ejector arm 59. When the ejector arm 59 is
pivoted a predetermined distance by trigger 12 upon firing the
weapon, the ejector arm disengages with bolt 19 and the bolt moves
toward the barrel, picking up a bullet from magazine 14 and driving
it into the barrel.
During a firing operation of the weapon, bolt 19 moves to the
right, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, with finger 55 formed at the left
end of bolt 19 engaging the known groove in the base of the shell
forming a part of bullet 18 and pulling the spent shell out of the
barrel and along with it. At the point when bolt 19, and
particularly the periphery of slot 57, engages projecting flange 58
of ejection arm 59, the finger 55 of the bolt in combination with
the momentary resistance provided by projection 58 of rejection arm
59 causes a sharp clockwise movement of the shell causing it to be
projected out of a port 60 in the frame 10 of the weapon. After
this momentary engagement of bolt 19 with projection 58 of ejection
arm 59, the ejection arm pivots clockwise a small distance
disengaging the projection from the walls of slot 57 permitting the
bolt to be fully retracted under the force of the explosion.
At the time the bullet is fired and leaves the barrel and is on its
way to its target, residual pressure existing in a chamber of this
weapon will drive its bolt 19 backwards with sufficient force to
complete the travel of its linkage mechanism sufficiently to move
the free end of link 24 and force it to complete its downward
travel to its lowest point down inside the handle of the gun
against the bias of its compression spring shown in FIG. 2.
As disclosed herein, bolt 19 moves in conjunction with the cocking
bolt 33. The cocking bolt mechanism comprises a pair of springs 42
each seated in bores 63 formed in the back end of the frame of the
weapon and extend to the front end of the frame in its hollow
interior.
The inertia of the rearward action of the bolt compresses the
recoil compression spring 42 as well as spring 35 after the edge of
flange 37 of bolt 19 engages projection 58 of the ejection arm 59
and continues then to compress all three springs until the end of
the cocking arm 33 engages a stop surface 64 of the frame of the
weapon. When bolt 19 is moved rearwardly in the frame of the
weapon, its cam surface 22 slides over the top surface 23 of link
24 pushing it downwardly under the biasing effect of its spring 26.
The bolt and toggle are then returned to their original positions
by the stored up energy in springs 42 and 35 with the locking
portion 65 of cam surface 22 of the bolt 19 engaging and being held
in locked position by surface 24B of link 24. This completes the
firing cycle and prepares the gun for the second firing having
picked up an additional bullet from the clip magazine and placed it
in the chamber when the bolt returned to its original position by a
well known conventional mechanism.
In order to trip link 24 to lead the first bullet into the gun, the
cocking lever 51, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is provided on the gun
which when pulled back on by the operator, causes it to trip or
move link 24 downwardly enough to allow the operator to move bolt
19 backwardly sufficiently to permit a bullet 18 from the clip
magazine 14 to enter the chamber of the gun for the first firing
action.
This manual lever 51 extends laterally from the cocking bolt 33 of
the weapon outwardly of frame 10 in the longitudinal extending slot
52 of frame 10 of the weapon or gun.
When the weapon is fired by applying rearward pressure on trigger
12, a nose 66 thereof which is biased outwardly thereof by a spring
67 a predetermined distance, causes its nose 66 to extend outwardly
thereof into engagement with a catch 68 on a pivotally mounted sear
69 housed in an opening 70 of frame 10 adjacent bullet magazine 14.
This action moves trip ejector arm 59 downwardly against the
biasing action of a spring 71, as shown in FIG. 9, away from
surface 19C of bolt 19, as shown in FIG. 2, releasing bolt 19 which
causes bolt 19 and cocking bolt 33 to move forward under the action
of springs 35 and 42 to fire the weapon. When bolt 19 moves
forward, it drives pin 56 of bolt 19 into engagement with the
firing end of bullet 18. Engagement of pin 56 with the bullet
causes it to explode in the usual manner. After pin 56 engages and
fires bullet 18, the force of the explosion drives bolt 19
backwardly toward the handle of the weapon. This reverse movement
of the bolt compresses springs 35, 42 and 26 to absorb the reactive
forces of the exploding bullet. During the backward or reverse
movement of bolt 19, the lower or striker surface 72 of bolt 19
moves over the surface of the ejector arm 59 driving it downwardly
against its spring 71 and cam rider 22 of bolt 19 moves over cam
surface 23 of link 24.
As evident from FIGS. 1 and 2, as bolt 19 moves backwardly in frame
10 under the explosive forces of the bullet toward the rear end
thereof, cam rider 22 moves over cam surface 23 of link 24 forcing
the free end of link 24 to move into handle 11 of the weapon
compressing spring 26.
The cam surface 23 of link 24 is conformed to provide a
predetermined time delay of the movement of the cam rider or
surface 22 therealong before the end of the cocking bolt 33 reaches
the bite 44 and the stop surface 64 of frame 10.
As shown in FIG. 2, the cam surface 22 of bolt 19 has two different
angularly arranged portions 22A and 22B. Portion 22B is arranged to
aid the bolt in moving over the cam surface 23 of link 24 while
portion 22A is provided to aid in holding and locking the weapon in
its at rest position.
Heretofore, springs placed in the weapon to bias the toggle into
its extended position had difficulty in placing the toggle and the
bullet in the magazine in an identical position each time the
weapon was fired. If a spring was positioned in the gun so as to be
longitudinally arranged with the bolt of the weapon, the spring was
then capable of driving the bullet forward into the chamber of the
gun hard enough to seat it properly but it was not in a favorable
position for absorbing recoil of the weapon or to aid in
positioning the toggle in its properly extended position each and
every cycle of gun actuation. Thus, if only a single spring was
used longitudinally of the toggle mechanism, the toggle whether it
was an under-center or over-center mechanism usually sagged a bit
and if there was any friction in the operation of the moving parts,
the sag prevented the bullet from being seated identically in the
same position each time. Springs mounted to operate on the knee of
the toggle arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the
toggle failed also to seat the bullet each and every time and
particularly were not in the most favorable position for absorbing
recoil of the exploding shell.
Therefore, it is necessary to modify the bolt as disclosed hereto
to operate in conjunction and combination with link 24 to obtain a
dynamic balance operating system to absorb the recoil of the
exploding shell as well as control the operation of the collapsing
and extending action of the link mechanism.
As noted from the drawings, bolt 19 is free to move under the
action of springs 35 and 42. It has no mechanical connection to the
tripping mechanism comprising link 24 and its controlling
mechanism. After a firing sequence and return of bolt 19 to its
forward position in the frame of the weapon, spring 26 moves and
maintains link 24 and its surface at the free end of the link
against cam rider 22 to hold and/or lock the bolt in its extended,
i.e., at rest position.
Thus, the prior art drag on the bolt has been eliminated by the
disclosed design.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6, frame 10 comprises two
substantially identical parts 10A and 10B which are pivotally
connected together by a frame bolt 73. When the frame parts 10A and
10B are juxtapositioned, barrel 15 is interlocked therebetween by a
barrel locking pin 74 and retaining release lever 75 shown more
clearly in FIGS. 7 and 8. As shown, barrel release lever 75 is
pivotally attached to the stem of the locking pin 74 and when
pivotally moved away from the barrel (as shown in FIG. 8),
compresses coil spring 76 mounted around pin 74 and withdraws a
sphere shaped end 77 of pin 74 from a detent 78 in the shell
receiving end of the barrel. The barrel then can be readily removed
from frame 10.
FIGS. 10-11 disclose the details of the latching mechanism 80 for
receiving and releasing magazine 14 from guide sleeve 17. As shown,
the release mechanism 80 comprises a spring biased pivotally
mounted lever arm 81 which, as shown in its locked position in full
lines in FIG. 10, has a nose portion 82 thereof protruding into an
opening 83 in the rear edge of the magazine 14 forming an
interference fit therewith and locking the magazine in guide sleeve
17. When the lever arm 81 is pivoted to its release position
against the biasing action of its spring 84, nose portion 82 of
lever arm 81 moves out of opening 83 in the magazine and the
magazine may be pulled out of sleeve 17 in the usual manner.
FIGS. 12-14 disclose a safety catch comprising a bolt 85 which is
provided with two cylindrical ends 86 and 87 which are journalled
in bearing openings 88 (shown in FIG. 5), one formed in each of the
frame portions 10A and 10B for movement laterally of the frame from
a weapon locked position to a weapon fireable position.
The center portion of bolt 85 is provided with a grooved
rectangular portion 89 formed out of one half of the cylindrical
bolt configuration. When positioned in the weapon, the bolt 85 is
arranged as shown in FIG. 14 with set pin 90 protruding into groove
91 formed between ends 86 and 87 of the bolt and holding the bolt
in frame 10 but permitting lateral movement of the bolt a distance
equal to the length of groove 89.
As noted from FIGS. 12-14, the opposite side of the center portion
of bolt 85 from that forming groove 89 is provided with two grooves
91 extending laterally thereacross. These grooves are provided for
receiving the free ends of trip ejector arm 59 and sear 69 when the
safety catch is moved to the firing position of the weapon. When
the bolt 85 is moved to the weapon locking position of the weapon,
the grooves 91 in bolt 85 will be moved away from the free ends of
trip ejector arm 59 and sear 69 thereby causing an interference
between an edge of the center section of bolt 85 and the free ends
of the ejector arm and the sear thereby prohibiting a movement of
trigger 12.
FIG. 15 discloses the forward or front sight 92 of the weapon which
is mounted on the free end of barrel 15.
FIGS. 17, 17A and 17B disclose another casing 93 for the weapon and
particularly the barrel end thereof. This casing employs a
plurality of apertures 94 extending therethrough arranged along the
barrel 15 for cooling purposes. A portion 95 is pivotally hinged to
the remaining portion for assembly purposes.
Although but one embodiment of this invention has been illustrated
and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that
various changes and modifications may be made therein without
departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the
appended claims.
* * * * *