U.S. patent number 4,322,400 [Application Number 06/076,663] was granted by the patent office on 1982-03-30 for cosmetic stick composition.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Dragoco Inc.. Invention is credited to Edward R. Yuhas.
United States Patent |
4,322,400 |
Yuhas |
March 30, 1982 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Cosmetic stick composition
Abstract
Solid, stick-type cosmetic compositions consist essentially of
from about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of sodium stearate, 100
parts by weight of water and an "active" material intended to be
applied to the skin. The composition also preferably contains a
polyhydroxyl compound, such as a glycol or a polyglycol in an
amount of from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent. The addition
of up to about 5 weight percent sodium chloride reduces the
"syneresis" effect upon storing the compositions at low or high
temperature, and increases the setting point of the composition.
The compositions are useful as deodorant sticks, perfume sticks,
sun sticks, hand lotion sticks, talc sticks, pigment sticks and
insect repellant sticks.
Inventors: |
Yuhas; Edward R. (Yonkers,
NY) |
Assignee: |
Dragoco Inc. (Totowa,
NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
26758344 |
Appl.
No.: |
06/076,663 |
Filed: |
September 18, 1979 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
971113 |
Dec 19, 1978 |
4226889 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/59; 424/60;
424/63; 424/64; 424/642; 424/65; 424/67; 424/68; 424/DIG.10;
424/DIG.13; 424/DIG.5; 514/769; 514/772; 514/777; 514/785 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K
8/0229 (20130101); A61K 8/042 (20130101); A61K
8/345 (20130101); A61K 8/361 (20130101); A61Q
1/00 (20130101); A61Q 15/00 (20130101); A61Q
17/04 (20130101); A61Q 19/00 (20130101); A61Q
13/00 (20130101); Y10S 424/13 (20130101); Y10S
424/10 (20130101); Y10S 424/05 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61K
31/055 (20060101); A61K 31/045 (20060101); A61L
9/01 (20060101); A61K 007/42 (); A61K 007/44 ();
A61K 031/055 (); A61K 007/021 () |
Field of
Search: |
;424/65,DIG.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Ore; Dale R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kenyon & Kenyon
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application
Ser. No. 971,113 filed Dec. 19, 1978, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,226,889.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an improved cosmetic stick composition having an aqueous
sodium stearate and water environment consisting essentially
of:
(1) an aqueous sodium stearate-water vehicle formed of:
(a) 100 parts by weight of water; and
(b) from about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of sodium
stearate;
(2) from about 0.05 to about 50 weight percent, based upon the
total weight of the composition, of at least one cosmetic active
ingredient intended to be deposited on human skin, which ingredient
is stable in the aqueous alkaline environment provided by said
sodium stearate-water vehicle; wherein the improvement
comprises
(3) sodium chloride in an amount of from about 0.5 weight percent
to about 5 weight percent, based upon the water-sodium stearate
vehicle, to increase the setting point of said composition and to
inhibit syneresis.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the amount of sodium
stearate is from about 2 to about 20 parts by weight.
3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said active
ingredient is selected from the group consisting of bacteriostats,
fungistats, pigments, dyes, perfumes, emollients, humectants,
ultraviolet absorbers, talc and insect repellants.
4. A composition according to claim 1 having a setting point in the
range of from about 50.degree. C. to about 60.degree. C.
5. A deodorant stick composition according to claim 1 wherein said
active ingredient is a bacteriostat in an amount of from 0.05 to
about 0.5 weight percent of the total composition, and the amount
of sodium stearate is from about 5 to about 15 parts by weight.
6. A deodorant stick composition according to claim 5 wherein the
amount of sodium stearate is from about 9 to about 12 parts by
weight and the amount of bacteriostat is from about 0.075 to about
0.2 weight percent of the total composition.
7. A perfume stick composition according to claim 1 containing from
about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of sodium stearate and from
about 2 to about 8 weight percent of a perfume concentrate.
8. A sun stick composition according to claim 1 containing from
about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of sodium stearate and from
about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of an ultraviolet absorber.
9. An emollient-humectant stick composition according to claim 1
containing from about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of sodium
stearate and from about 2 to about 10 weight percent of an
emollient or humectant.
10. A make-up stick composition according to claim 1 containing
from about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of sodium stearate and
from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a pigment.
11. A talc stick composition according to claim 1 containing from
about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of sodium stearate and from
about 10 to 100 parts by weight of talc per 100 parts water.
12. A talc stick composition according to claim 11 containing from
about 8 to about 20 parts by weight of sodium stearate and from
about 10 to about 50 parts of talc.
13. A hand lotion stick composition according to claim 1 containing
from about 5 to about 15 parts of sodium stearate and from about 5
to about 15 weight percent of lanolin or a lanolin derivative.
14. A cosmetic stick composition according to claim 1 additionally
including a polyhydroxyl compound in an amount of from about 0.5 to
about 10 weight percent of the total composition.
15. A cosmetic stick composition according to claim 14 having a
setting point in the range of from about 50.degree. C. to about
60.degree. C.
16. A cosmetic stick composition according to claim 2 additionally
including polyhydroxyl compound in an amount of from about 1 to
about 8 weight percent of the total composition.
17. A deodorant stick composition according to claim 14 wherein
said active ingredient is a bacteriostat is an amount of from 0.05
to about 0.5 weight percent of the total composition, and the
amount of sodium stearate is from about 2 to about 15 parts by
weight.
18. A deodorant stick composition according to claim 16 wherein the
amount of sodium stearate is from about 9 to about 12 parts by
weight and the amount of bacteriostat is from about 0.075 to about
0.2 weight percent of the total composition.
19. A perfume stick composition according to claim 14 containing
from about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of sodium stearate and
from about 2 to about 8 weight percent of a fragrance
concentrate.
20. A sun stick composition according to claim 14 containing from
about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of sodium stearate and from
about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of an ultraviolet absorber.
21. An emollient-humectant stick composition according to claim 14
containing from about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of sodium
stearate and from about 2 to about 10 weight percent of an
emollient or humectant.
22. A make-up stick composition according to claim 14 containing
from about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of sodium stearate and
from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a pigment.
23. A talc stick composition according to claim 14 containing from
about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of sodium stearate and from
about 10 to 100 parts by weight of talc per 100 parts water.
24. A talc stick composition according to claim 23 containing from
about 8 to about 20 parts by weight of sodium stearate and from
about 10 to about 50 parts of talc.
25. A hand lotion stick composition according to claim 14
containing from about 5 to about 15 parts by weight of sodium
stearate and from about 5 to about 15 weight percent of lanolin or
a lanolin derivative.
26. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the amount of sodium
chloride does not exceed the amount of sodium stearate.
27. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the amount of sodium
chloride is from about 1.5 weight percent to about 2.5 weight
percent.
Description
The present invention is concerned with stick-type cosmetic
compositions. More specifically, the present invention relates to
inexpensive stick-type cosmetic compositions.
BACKGROUND
The use of cosmetic preparations in stick form is well known. These
preparations have varied from stick-type deodorants and
antiperspirants to lipsticks to compressed cosmetic powder sticks.
Depending upon the specific application, the vehicle employed in a
stick-type cosmetic can vary greatly.
For example, stick-type deodorant compositions typically consist of
a bacteriostat or other biologically active compound dispersed in a
vehicle comprising an alcohol-based gel containing either ethanol
or a glycol such as propylene glycol, as the vehicle base. In
either case, gelation is effected by use of a soap, e.g., sodium
stearate, as the gelling agent. These stick-type deodorants may
also contain small amounts of other additives, such as perfumes,
humectants, various surfactants, dyes or other colorants, water,
etc. Both types of formulation have left something to be desired.
For example, the ethanol in the ethanol-based product is relatively
volatile and can evaporate on storage, especially at elevated
temperatures. As a consequence, the stick shrinks and becomes
mis-shapen and generally useless. The glycol-based deodorant sticks
do not suffer from this disadvantage; however, glycols provide a
product which is hard and waxy, and thus has an undesirable "feel"
and/or little covering power.
Lipsticks and similar cosmetic products, on the other hand,
typically employ fats and/or waxes, such as castor oil, carnauba
wax, candelia wax, beeswax, and the like. Vehicles of this type are
relatively expensive, and in many cases cannot be employed in the
formulation of other cosmetic products.
Powder sticks have been formed by compression of the powder;
however, such products are generally so hard that it is difficult
to deposit sufficient powder when the compressed powder is applied
to the skin of the user. As a consequence, various solutions have
been proposed, such as reducing the degree of compression, coupled
with providing the composition with a separate wrapper or a dry
film to prevent "shedding" of the loosely compacted powder. See,
e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,471,611. In another effort, the use of gums
or other materials as adhesive binders have been described in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,800,034. Such efforts have not been particularly
successful, and by increasing the number of manufacturing steps,
necessarily increase cost of manufacture of the product.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved cosmetic
stick composition.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a new, low cost
vehicle base for cosmetic stick compositions.
A further object of this invention is to provide a new vehicle
capable of use in cosmetic stick compositions having a variety of
uses.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a vehicle
suitable for use in deodorant sticks, lipsticks, talc sticks and
other cosmetic stick applications.
These and other objects of this invention, which will be apparent
from the ensuing specification and claims, are achieved by a solid
composition consisting essentially of water, sodium stearate and
one or more "active" ingredients intended to be deposited on human
skin.
The basic vehicle of the composition of this invention is a mixture
of water and sodium stearate in proportions sufficient to form a
self-supporting solid composition which does not readily deform and
yet is not so firm that a hard, waxy composition results which will
not leave a deposit of the "active" ingredient on skin to which the
composition is applied. In general, suitable products are obtained
when the proportion of sodium stearate is in the range of from
about 1 to about 30 parts by weight per 100 parts of water.
Preferred compositions ordinarily are obtained when the amount of
sodium stearate is from about 2 to about 20 parts per 100 parts of
water. Of course, the optimum proportion of sodium stearate to
water in any particular instance will depend upon the nature of the
other ingredients of the cosmetic stick composition. Nonetheless,
most useful compositions will have proportions of sodium stearate
to water within the above ranges.
The third essential ingredient of the cosmetic stick composition of
this invention is an "active ingredient", by which is meant an
ingredient which it is desired to deposit on the skin of a human
being. Such active ingredients can include biologically active
materials such as bacteriostats and fungistats, pigments and dyes
or other colorants, perfumes, emollients, ultraviolet absorbers or
"sun screens", and talc. Of course, any active ingredient must be
stable in the aqueous alkaline environment provided by the sodium
stearate-water vehicle. Consequently, antiperspirant materials,
such as aluminum chlorohydrate and related materials cannot be
employed in the present invention. Depending upon the intended end
use of the cosmetic stick composition, the amount of the "active
ingredient" can vary from as little as 0.05 weight percent or less
up to 50 weight percent or more of the total weight of the
composition.
The composition of this invention can be employed to form a
deodorant stick composition, wherein the active ingredient is a
bacteriostat. Suitable bacteriostats include
2,2'-methylene-bis(3,4,6-trichlorophenol),
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy(diphenyl ether), zinc phenolsulfonate,
2,2'-thiobis(4,6-dichlorophenol), p-chloro-m-xylenol,
dichloro-m-xylenol and the like. In such deodorant stick
compositions, the proportion of sodium stearate is desirably from
about 2 to about 15, and preferably from about 9 to about 12, parts
per 100 parts of water. The proportion of bacteriostat is an amount
sufficient to act as a deodorant, i.e., to provide a deposit on
skin to which the composition is applied which is effective to
inhibit the growth of bacteria. Such amounts ordinarily are in the
range of from about 0.05 to about 0.5 weight percent, and
preferably from about 0.075 to about 0.2 weight percent, of the
total composition.
Perfume sticks based upon the stearate-water system can be prepared
by including one or more aromatic substances into the composition.
These aromatic substances may include natural products such as
essential oils, flower oils, natural extracts from resins, gums,
balsams, beans, mosses and other plants, and animal fixtures such
as ambergris and musk, as well as synthetic aromatic materials. The
variety of such materials is too great to list. Suffice it to say
that they generally fall into several well known categories, such
as the floral, the spicy, the woody, the chypre or mossy, the
oriental, the herbal, the leather-tobacco and the aldehydic groups.
Men's fragrances can be classified into the citrus, the spice, the
leather, the lavender, the fougere, and the woody groups.
Typically, fragrance materials are supplied as concentrates which
generally contain from about 0.5 to about 20 percent, and more
usually contain from about 3 to about 12 percent of one or more
fragrance compounds in a solvent such as water or alcohol. In
forming a perfume stick composition from such concentrates, the
proportion of sodium stearate is from about 5 to about 15, and
preferably from about 10 to about 12, parts per 100 parts of water,
and the amount of fragrance concentrate is from about 2 to about 8,
and preferably from about 3 to about 5, weight percent of the total
composition.
Many perfume oils are incompatible with an aqueous system,
especially when employed in large amounts in such products as
deodorants colognes. When an attempt is made to use such oils in a
stick-type composition of this invention, the result is a soft,
mushy composition. In the past, this incompatability problem has
been overcome by the use of surfactants to form an emulsion of the
perfume oil in the aqueous medium. While this solution has proven
satisfactory if the cosmetic product is a liquid product, it has
been found to be unavailing in forming stick-type products, such as
a stick-type deodorant cologne, in accordance with this invention.
The perfume oil emulsion interferes with the setting of the sodium
stearate-water vehicle, and rather than forming a solid stick, a
soft, cream-like composition is obtained. This can be counteracted,
in part, by increasing the amount of sodium stearate, but this
leads to a hardy waxy product which has undersirable "feel". It has
been found, however, that good quality, solid, stick-type products,
such as stick cologne deodorants, can be obtained if the fragrance
oil is first formulated as a fragrance concentrate wherein the
essential oil is dissolved in a glycol or a diglycol, wherein the
amount of oil does not exceed 50 weight percent of the concentrate.
Suitable glycols are those containing from about 2 to about 6
carbons, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene
glycol, and hexylene glycol. The diglycols which can be employed
are the diglycols of glycols containing from about 2 to about 6
carbons, for example, diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol. The
fragrance concentrate can then be admixed with the remaining
ingredients of the stick-type composition.
Another type of stick-type cosmetic product which may be prepared
in accordance with this invention is a sun stick, in which the
active ingredient is an ultraviolet absorber such as p-aminobenzoic
acid, its salts or its esters, as well as N-substituted derivatives
such as p-(dimethylamino) benzoic acid, an anthranilate, a
salicylate, esters of cinnamic acid, dihydroxycinnamic acid or
trihydroxycinnamic acid, diphenyl-butadiene, stilbene, a napthol
sulfonate, a coumarin derivative, a quinine salt, a quinoline
derivative, hydroquinone, tannic acid, zinc oxide, dioxybenzone and
oxybenzone. In such compositions, the sodium stearate is present in
an amount of from about 5 to about 15, and preferably from about 10
to about 12, parts by weight per 100 parts of water, and the
ultraviolet absorber or screen is present in an amount of from
about 0.5 to about 5 percent, and preferably from about 1 to about
4 percent of the total weight of the composition.
Still another cosmetic stick composition within the scope of this
invention is an emollient and lubricating composition wherein the
"active ingredient" is a water compatible humectant or emollient
composition. Such a composition includes sugar derivatives, for
example sucrose and glucose which have been esterified with long
chain fatty acids such as stearic acid, e.g., sucrose monostearate,
and/or sucrose distearate, and glucose derivatives such as methyl
glucoside sesquistearate as well as ethoxylated and propoxylated
sugars such as ethoxylated methyl glucose sesquistearate and
propoxylated glucose. In such compositions, the sodium stearate is
employed in an amount of from about 5 to about 15 parts, and
preferably from about 10 to about 12 parts per 100 parts water, and
the humectant and/or emollient is employed in an amount of from
about 2 to about 10, and preferably from about 4 to about 8 percent
of the weight of the total composition.
The compositions of this invention also comprise make-up sticks, in
which a solid pigment to be applied as a rouge, lipstick,
eye-shadow, eye-liner, etc., is incorporated into the composition
as the active ingredient. The pigments include titanium dioxide,
zinc oxide, iron oxide and the like, aluminum lake, barium lake,
calcium lake, strontium lake, tetrabromofluorescein,
tetrabromotetrachlorofluorescein, dibromofluorescein and the like.
In such compositions, the amount of sodium stearate is from about 5
to about 15, and preferably from about 9 to about 12 parts per 100
parts of water, and the amount of pigment is from about 1 to about
10 percent, and preferably from about 3 to about 8 percent, based
on the total weight of the composition.
A further specific cosmetic formulation embodying the present
invention comprises a solid talc stick, in which the "active
ingredient" is powdered cosmetic grade talc, which typically has
particles whose sizes are about 200 mesh or less, and more
specifically are in the range of from about 200 to about 400 mesh
(U.S. Standard Series). In such a composition, the amount of sodium
stearate can vary from about 1 to about 30, and preferably from
about 8 to about 20 parts per 100 parts of water, and the amount of
talc can vary from about 10 to about 100, and preferably from about
10 to about 50 parts per 100 parts of water.
It also is within the scope of this invention that two or more
active substances can be present. For example, a talc stick can
also include a bacteriostat and/or a fungistat for use as a
medicated powder stick, for example a foot powder stick, or it can
contain a pigment for use as a pigmented talc stick.
Apart from the sodium stearate, water and "active ingredient," the
cosmetic stick composition of this invention may contain small
amounts of ingredients intended primarily to modify the properties
of the stick compositions, and not for deposit on human skin. In
particular, it is highly desirable to include relatively small
amounts of water compatible polyhydroxyl compound, e.g. glycerine,
a glycol or a polyglycol, to modify the physical properties of the
composition and impart an improved "feel". Suitable glycols and
polyglycols include glycols having at least 2 carbons and
preferably from about 3 to about 6 carbons, such as propylene
glycol, butylene glycol, and hexylene glycol, and polyglycols such
as polyethylene and polypropylene glycols having molecular weights
of up to about 25,000, such as dipropylene glycol, and polyethylene
glycols having molecular weights in the range of from about 150 to
about 25,000 and the like. The glycols and the lower molecular
weight polyglycols, i.e., those having molecular weights of below
about 10,000 are useful in providing a composition which is
somewhat softer, and aid in promoting deposition of the "active"
ingredient onto the skin of the user. The higher molecular weight
polyglycols, for example a polyethylene glycol sold by Union
Carbide Corp as "Carbowax 20M", in contrast can be employed to
provide increased hardness. Their use permits the formulation of
stick-type cosmetic products containing up to about 95 weight
percent water. When employed, the glycol compound comprises from
about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent, and preferably from about 1
to about 8 weight percent of the total cosmetic stick
composition.
Still other components of the talc stick are odorants and
colorants, which are primarily intended to impart a color or
fragrance to the stick composition. By the term "odorant", as
employed herein, is meant an additive such as a perfume which give
the composition a desired odor, as well as an odor mask, which is
intended to mask the characteristic odors of other ingredients and
thus provide an "unscented" product. By the term "colorant", as
employed herein, is meant a dye or other agent employed to impart a
particular color to or to mask a particular color of the deodorant
stick composition. Ordinarily, such additives will comprise from
about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent of the cosmetic stick
composition.
When the cosmetic stick composition of this invention is subjected
to temperature extremes, e.g., a temperature as low as about
0.degree. to 40.degree. C., or a temperature of about 50.degree. C.
or higher, it has been found that water exudes from the solid
stick. Attempts to prevent such "syneresis" through the use of
increased amounts of sodium stearate have not proven to be
particularly successful because a hard, waxy composition results.
This can be counteracted by increasing the amount of polyhydrox
compound in the composition, but the increased proportions of both
ingredients results in a more costly product. It has been further
found, however, that the addition of relatively small amounts of
sodium chloride to the composition materially reduces the syneresis
effect. It also has been found that the addition of sodium chloride
increases the settling point, as well as the rate of setting, of
the water-sodium stearate cosmetic stick base of this invention.
Thus, stick-type cologne compositions which otherwise might be too
soft for practical use in a stick-type product, such as deodorant
colognes containing high proportions of perfume oils, can be
formulated into a cosmetic stick composition by the use of sodium
chloride.
The amount of sodium chloride, when employed, should be balanced
with the amount of sodium stearate so that the setting point of the
composition is in the range of from about 50.degree. C. to about
60.degree. C., and preferably is from about 53.degree. C. to about
57.degree. C., and optimally is at about 55.degree. C. The specific
amounts of sodium chloride and sodium stearate which may be used in
any specific composition are readily determined through routine
experimentation. In general, however, when sodium chloride is
employed, it will usually be employed in an amount of at least
about 0.5 weight percent, and preferably at least about 1 weight
percent, and satisfactory results are obtained using amounts of
sodium chloride of up to about 5 weight percent, based upon the
water-sodium stearate vehicle, with amounts of from about 1.5 to
about 2.5 weight percent being preferred. It also is desired that
the weight of sodium chloride employed be not greater than the
weight of sodium stearate; i.e., that the weight ratio of sodium
chloride to sodium stearate be no greater than about 1:1.
Preferred cosmetic stick compositions of this invention generally
contain at least 90 weight percent active ingredient, sodium
stearate and water, with the balance (10 weight percent or less)
being polyhydroxyl compound and odorant or colorant.
The composition of this invention is formed by mixing the
ingredients at elevated temperatures sufficient to form a liquid
solution or suspension, ordinarily about 70.degree. to about
85.degree. C., pouring the liquid into a mold or dispensing
container and allowing it to cool and set. In some cases, a period
of several hours or even days may be required before the cosmetic
stick composition is completely solidified. It is preferred that
the water and sodium stearate, and optionally the other liquid or
liquifiable ingredients, be first mixed to form a clear solution,
and the solid ingredients such as talc or pigments are then added.
The mixture is then partially cooled, at which time volatile
components, such as perfume oils, are added, and then final cooling
is effected.
The following examples are illustrative.
EXAMPLE 1
Deodorant Stick Formulations
A series of six compositions was prepared containing from 0.5 to 20
parts by weight of sodium stearate, 93 to 73.5 parts by weight of
water, 6 parts by weight of propylene glycol, 0.1 part by weight of
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy(diphenyl ether) (THDE), and 0.4 parts
by weight of perfume. For each composition, all ingredients but the
perfume were heated at 70.degree.-75.degree. C. with stirring until
a clear solution was formed. The solution was cooled to
60.degree.-65.degree. C. and the perfume was added. The resulting
solution was then poured into a dispensing container and allowed to
cool and set. Each of the compositions was then examined for
consistency. The results are summarized below.
__________________________________________________________________________
Components, Deodorant Composition wt. % A B C D E F
__________________________________________________________________________
Sodium 0.5 1.0 4.0 8.5 10.0 20.0 stearate Water 93.0 92.5 89.5 86.0
83.5 73.5 Propylene 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 glycol THDE 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 Perfume 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Evaluation: Watery
Watery Solid, Smooth, Smooth, Very hard, and soft and soft with wet
hard stick hard stick waxy surface which which "candle" leaves
leaves with no good good "payoff" deposit deposit on skin on skin
__________________________________________________________________________
Of the formulations tested, compositions D and E containing 8.5 and
10 percent sodium stearate provided the best balance of
properties.
EXAMPLE 2
Deodorant Stick Formulation
A mixture of 8.5 parts by weight of sodium stearate, 6 parts by
weight of propylene glycol, and 84 parts by weight of water was
heated to 70.degree.-75.degree. C. with constant stirring until a
clear solution was formed. The composition was then cooled to
60.degree.-65.degree. C. and 1 part by weight of zinc phenol
sulfonate and 0.5 part by weight of perfume were added. The
resulting composition was poured into a dispensing container and
allowed to cool and set. A firm, hard composition was formed which
formed a satisfactory deposit of deodorant when applied to human
skin.
EXAMPLE 3
Perfume Stick Formulations
Mixtures of 8.5 parts by weight of sodium stearate, 6 parts by
weight of propylene glycol, and a perfume concentrate and water in
varying proportions were prepared by heating the sodium stearate,
propylene glycol and water at 70-75.degree. C., with stirring,
until a clear solution was formed. The solution was cooled to
65.degree. C. and the perfume concentrate was added. The resulting
mixture was then poured into a dispensing container and allowed to
cool and set. Each of the compositions was then examined for
consistency. The results are summarized below:
______________________________________ Com- ponents, Perfume Stick
Composition wt. % A B C D E F
______________________________________ Sodium 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5
8.5 stearate Propylene 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 glycol Perfume 2.0
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 15.0 Water 83.5 81.5 79.5 77.5 75.5 70.5 Evalua-
Firm stick Same Same Slightly Soft- Soft tion: with good as as
softer er stick odor A A stick stick
______________________________________
Based upon the foregoing, compositions containing up to about 8
weight percent of perfume concentrate had sufficient physical
integrity to be of practical value as a perfume stick.
EXAMPLE 4
Sun Stick Compositions
A mixture of 8.5 parts of sodium stearate, 6.0 parts of propylene
glycol and 82.5 or 84.3 parts of water was heated with stirring at
70.degree.-75.degree. C. until a clear solution was obtained and
then either 3.0 or 1.2 parts of an ultraviolet absorber or sun
screen was added. The resulting mixture was poured into a dispenser
tube and allowed to cool and set to form sun stick compositions
having good consistency. The various compositions were as
follows:
______________________________________ Components, Sun Stick
Composition wt. % A B C D ______________________________________
Sodium stearate 8.5 8.5 8,5 8.5 Propylene glycol 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
Zinc oxide 3.0 -- -- -- Dioxybenzone -- 3.0 -- -- Oxybenzone -- --
3.0 -- p-(dimethylamino)- -- -- -- 1.2 benzoic acid Water 82.5 82.5
82.5 84.3 ______________________________________
EXAMPLE 5
Humectant Stick Formulations
Mixtures of 8.5 parts by weight of sodium stearate, 85.5 parts by
weight of water and 6 parts by weight of certain sugar derivatives
sold as humectants by Croda, Inc. under the designation "Crodesta"
or by Amerchol under the designations "Glucam", "Glucate" and
"Glucamate", were heated with stirring at 70.degree.-75.degree. C.
until a clear solution was formed. Each solution was poured into a
dispensing container and allowed to set, to form a humectant
stick-type product. The formulations were:
______________________________________ Components, Humectant
Composition wt. % A B C D E F
______________________________________ Sodium 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5
8.5 stearate Sucrose 6.0 -- -- -- -- -- distearate.sup.(1) Sucrose
mono- -- 6.0 -- -- -- -- and distearates.sup.(2) Propoxylated (10
moles) -- -- 6.0 -- -- -- glucose.sup.(3) Propoxylated (20 moles)
-- -- -- 6.0 -- -- glucose.sup.(4) Methyl glucoside -- -- -- -- 6.0
-- sesquistearate.sup.(5) Ethoxylated (20 moles) -- -- -- -- -- 6.0
methyl glucose sesqui- stearate.sup.(6) Water 85.5 85.5 85.5 85.5
85.5 85.5 ______________________________________ .sup.(1) Sold by
Croda, Inc. under the designation Crodesta F 10 .sup.(2) Sold by
Croda, Inc. under the designation Crodesta F110 .sup.(3) Sold by
Amerchol under the designation Glucam P 10 .sup.(4) Sold by
Amerchol under the designation Glucam P 20 .sup. (5) Sold by
Amerchol under the designation Glucate 55 .sup.(6) Sold by Amerchol
under the designation Glucamate 55E20-
EXAMPLE 6
Lanolin Stick Formulations
Mixtures of 8.5 parts by weight of sodium stearate, 6.0 parts by
weight of propylene glycol, 75.5 parts by weight of water and 10.0
parts by weight of lanolin or commercially available lanolin
derivatives were prepared by stirring at 70.degree.-75.degree. C.
until a clear solution was obtained, poured into dispensing
containers and allowed to cool and set to form lanolin stick
formulations useful as solid, stick-form hand creams. The
formulations were as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________
Components, Lanolin Composition wt. % A B C D E F G H I J K L M
__________________________________________________________________________
Sodium stearate 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5
Propylene glycol 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
6.0 Lanolin, anhyd, USP. 10.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Laneto-100.sup.a -- 10.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Laneto-50.sup.a -- -- 10.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Ritachol-5115.sup.a -- -- 10.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Super
Sat.sup.a -- -- -- -- 10.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Solulan
BP-5.sup.b -- -- -- -- 10.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Solulan BP
10.sup.b -- -- -- -- -- -- 10.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- Solulan
C-24.sup.b -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10.0 -- -- -- -- -- Solulan
L-575.sup.b -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10.0 -- -- -- -- Acetulan.sup.b
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10.0 -- -- -- Ricilan-B.sup.b -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10.0 -- -- Ricilan-C.sup.b -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- 10.0 -- Viscolan.sup.b -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- 10.0 Water 75.5 75.5 75.5 75.5 75.5 75.5 75.5 75.5 75.5 75.5
75.5 75.5 75.5
__________________________________________________________________________
.sup.a Laneto, Super Sat and Riachol all are products of Rita
Chemical Co .sup.b Acetulan, Solulan, Ricilan and Viscolan all are
products of Americol.
All of the compositions were firm solids which were useful as "hand
lotions", although compositions A and E had a slightly tacky feel
which was not evidenced by the other lanolin stick composition.
EXAMPLE 7
Talc Stick Formulations
A series of seven compositions was prepared by mixing sodium
stearate, water, propylene glycol and
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy(dephenyl ether) (THDE) and stirring at
70.degree. to 75.degree. C. The composition was removed from the
heat, and talc was stirred in to form a uniform slurry. The slurry
was cooled to 60.degree. to 65.degree. C. and perfume was added.
The resulting composition were poured into stick-type dispensers
and allowed to cool and set. The resulting compositions were then
evaluated for physical appearance, form and efficacy in depositing
talc. The results are summarized as follows:
______________________________________ Talc Stick Composition
Component, wt. %: A B C D E F G
______________________________________ Talc 1.0 5.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 Sodium stearate 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Water 84.0
80.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 Propylene glycol 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
6.0 6.0 THDE 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Perfume 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.4 0.4 0.4 ______________________________________
The compositions all were firm solids. However, compositions A and
B contained insufficient talc to form a satisfactory deposit when
applied to skin. Composition G was too stiff for practical use.
Compositions C, D, E and F all provided an adequate deposit of talc
when applied to skin. Furthermore, the talc deposit was quite
adherent and difficult to rub off the skin. Compositions E and F
provided the best balance of properties.
EXAMPLE 8
Talc Stick Formulations
Mixtures of 8.5 parts of sodium stearate, 6.0 parts of a
polyethylene glycol, and 55.5 parts of water were stirred at
70.degree.-75.degree. C. The compositions were removed from the
heat and talc was stirred in to form a slurry. The resulting
compositions were poured into stick-type dispensers and allowed to
cool and sit to firm solid talc stick.
______________________________________ Talc Stick Compositions
Components, wt. %: A B C D ______________________________________
Sodium stearate 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Polyethylene glycol-200.sup.(1) 6.0
-- -- -- Polyethylene glycol-1000.sup.(2) -- 6.0 -- -- Polyethylene
glycol-4000.sup.(3) -- -- 6.0 -- Polyethylene glycol-6000.sup.(4)
-- -- -- 6.0 Talc 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 Water 55.5 55.5 55.5 55.5
______________________________________ .sup.(1) Sold by Union
Carbide Corp. as Carbowax 200 .sup.(2) Sold by Union Carbide Corp.
as Carbowax 1000 .sup.(3) Sold by Union Carbide Corp. as Carbowax
4000 .sup.(4) Sold by Union Carbide Corp. as Carbowax 6000
EXAMPLE 9
Talc Stick Formulation
Talc sticks containing 8.5 parts by weight sodium stearate, 6.0
parts by weight of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of
about 6000-7500 (Carbowax 6000), from 10 to 45 parts talc and from
75.5 parts to 40.5 parts water were prepared by procedures similar
to those described in Example 1.
______________________________________ Talc Stick Formulation
Components, wt. %: A B C D E ______________________________________
Sodium stearate 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 "Carbowax 6000" 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
6.0 Talc 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 45.0 Water 75.5 65.5 55.5 45.5 40.5
______________________________________
All talc sticks were solid and firm.
EXAMPLE 10
Pigment Stick Formulations
Employing procedures similar to those described in Example 8,
except that brown iron oxide powdered pigment was substituted for
or added with talc, three pigment sticks were prepared.
______________________________________ Pigment Stick Composition
Components, wt. %: A B C ______________________________________
Sodium stearate 12.5 12.0 8.5 "Carbowax 4000" 6.0 6.0 -- "Carbowax
6000" -- -- 6.0 Talc 30.0 30.0 -- Pigment 10.0 5.0 5.0 Water 41.5
47.0 80.5 ______________________________________
All compositions were solid, dry and left a good deposit pigment
when applied to human skin, and were useful as "make up" sticks.
The Composition C, containing no talc was somewhat smoother in
feel.
EXAMPLE 11
Evaluation of Stearates
A series of mixtures containing 8.5 parts by weight of a stearate,
6.0 parts of propylene glycol, and 85.5 parts of water was prepared
by heating with stirring at 70.degree.-75.degree. C. to form a
clear solution, pouring into a stick-type dispenser, and cooling to
allow the composition to set. The compositions were:
______________________________________ Stearate Composition
Components, wt. %: A B C D E ______________________________________
Sodium stearate 8.5 -- -- -- -- Lithium stearate -- 8.5 -- -- --
Magnesium stearate -- -- 8.5 -- -- Zinc stearate -- -- -- 8.5 --
Aluminum stearate -- -- -- -- 8.5 Propylene glycol 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
6.0 Water 85.5 85.5 85.5 85.5 85.5
______________________________________
Of the compositions, all but composition A were extremely soft and
totally unsuitable for use as a stick-type cosmetic applicator.
EXAMPLE 12
Evaluation of Glycolic Additives
A series of formulations containing 8.5 parts by weight of sodium
stearate, 85.5 parts by weight of a glycolic compound was prepared
by procedures described in Example 11. All formed firm solid sticks
capable of use in a stick-type cosmetic product.
__________________________________________________________________________
Components, Composition wt. % A B C D E F G H I
__________________________________________________________________________
Sodium stearate 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Glycerine 6.0
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Butylene glycol -- 6.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Hexylene glycol -- -- 6.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- Triethylene glycol --
-- -- 6.0 -- -- -- -- -- Dipropylene glycol -- -- -- -- 6.0 -- --
-- -- Polyethylene.sup.(1) -- -- -- -- -- 6.0 -- -- -- glycol-200
Polyethylene.sup.(2) -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.0 -- -- glycol-1000
Polyethylene.sup.(3) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.0 -- glycol-4000
Polyethylene.sup.(4) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.0 glycol-6000 Water
85.5 85.5 85.5 85.5 85.5 85.5 85.5 85.5 85.5
__________________________________________________________________________
.sup.(1) "Carbowax 200 .sup.(2) "Carbowax 1000 .sup.(3) "Carbowax
4000 .sup.(4) "Carbowax 6000
Similar results were obtained when the glycolic compound was
replaced by 6.0 parts by weight of a high molecular weight
alcoholic product sold by Union Carbide Corp. under the general
designation "Ucon". Specific products which were employed to form
solid stick-type compositions were Ucon L0 500, Ucon 50-HB-260,
Ucon 50-HB-660, Ucon 50-HB-5100, Ucon LB-1145 and Ucon LB-1715.
EXAMPLE 13
A series of mixtures of from 2 to 8.5 weight percent sodium
stearate, from 81.5 to 96 weight percent water and from 2 to 10
weight percent Carbowax 20 M, a polyethylene glycol having a
molecular weight in the range of about 15,000 to 20,000 formed by
reaction of 2 moles of Carbowax 6000 with an epoxide, and sold by
Union Carbide Corp., was prepared and formed into solid sticks by
the procedures described in Example 11. In all cases, firm, solid
products capable of use in cosmetic stick-type formulation were
obtained.
______________________________________ Composition, weight %
Experi- Sodium "Carbowax ment Stearate 20 M" Water Comment
______________________________________ A-1 2.0 2.0 96.0 Wet,
slightly soft solid A-2 2.0 3.0 95.0 Wet, slightly soft solid A-3
2.0 4.0 94.0 Wet, slightly soft solid A-4 2.0 5.0 93.0 Wet,
slightly soft solid B-1 3.0 2.0 95.0 Slightly soft solid B-2 3.0
3.0 94.0 Slightly soft solid B-3 3.0 4.0 93.0 Slightly soft solid
C-1 4.0 2.0 94.0 Slightly soft solid C-2 4.0 3.0 93.0 Slightly soft
solid C-3 4.0 4.0 92.0 Slightly soft solid D-1 6.0 2.0 92.0
Slightly soft solid E-1 8.5 0.5 91.0 Slightly hard solid E-2 8.5
1.0 90.5 Slightly hard solid E-3 8.5 2.0 89.5 Slightly hard solid
E-4 8.5 4.0 87.5 Slightly hard solid E-5 8.5 6.0 85.5 Slightly hard
solid E-6 8.5 8.0 83.5 Slightly hard solid E-7 8.5 10.0 81.5
Slightly hard solid ______________________________________
From the foregoing, it can be seen that the use of Carbowax 20 M
enables the formulation of compositions capable as use as vehicles
for solid stick-type cosmetic preparations containing as much as 95
to 96 weight percent water, and as little as 2 weight percent of
sodium stearate and the Carbowax 20 M. Compositions having only 2
percent sodium stearate, although slightly soft solids, did have a
wet feel which might be undesirable in some applications. This wet
feel was eliminated on increasing the sodium stearate content to at
least about 3 weight percent. With further increases in the amount
of sodium stearate the hardness of the composition increased. At
each level of sodium stearate tested, variations in the amount of
Carbowax did not appear to materially affect the properties of the
product.
EXAMPLE 14
Effect of Sodium Chloride
Employing procedures similar to those described, four stick-type
products based on four different formulations containing water,
Carbowax 20M and sodium stearate were prepared as follows:
______________________________________ Formulation Components, wt.
%: A B C D ______________________________________ Water 95.5 90.5
85.5 80.5 Polyethylene glycol 20M 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 Sodium stearate
2.5 5.5 8.5 11.5 ______________________________________
Each of the compositions was then modified by the addition of
sodium chloride in amounts of up to 5 weight percent, while
reducing the water content by an equal amount, resulting in four
series of compositions. Each of the resulting compositions was
evaluated for syneresis after storage for from 1 to 3 days in a
refrigerator at 4.degree. C. or in an oven at 50.degree. C. In
addition, the setting point of each composition was determined, and
the setting points are set forth in tabular form below:
______________________________________ Sodium Setting Formulation
Chloride, wt. % Point, .degree.C.
______________________________________ A 0 38.5 A-1 1 53.5 A-2 2
58.0 A-3 3 58.0 A-4 4 Split* A-5 5 59.0 B 0 42.75 B-1 1 55.0 B-2 2
60.5 B-3 3 59.0 B-4 4 66.5 B-5 5 69.5 C 0 46.0 C-1 1 57.0 C-2 2
62.5 C-3 3 65.5 C-4 4 68.5 C-5 5 72.0 D 0 48.75 D-1 1 59.0 D-2 2
64.0 D-3 3 68.0 D-4 4 73.5 D-5 5 73.5
______________________________________ *The formulation split into
two phases on stirring and could not be formulated into a
homogenous solid.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that adding sodium chloride to
the water-based vehicle of this invention results in a marked
increase in setting point, and that in each series setting points
in the range of 50.degree.-60.degree. C. could be obtained with 1
percent sodium chloride or less. Of particular interest,
Formulation A-1, which contained 94.5 percent water, 2.0 percent
Carbowax 20M, 2.5 percent sodium stearate and 1 percent sodium
chloride, had a setting point of 53.5.degree. C.
The degree of syneresis observed varied inversely with the amount
of sodium chloride. All of the basic formulations, when placed in
the refrigerator or the oven, exhibited syneresis. In each series,
the degree of syneresis was materially reduced by the presence of 1
percent sodium chloride, and for all practical purposes, was
essentially eliminated by the presence of 2 percent sodium
chloride.
An additional series of experiments was carried out to determine
the minimum amount of sodium chloride required to achieve a
significant reduction in syneresis and increase in setting point.
The basic composition consisted of 4 weight percent each of sodium
stearate and Carbowax 20M and 92 weight percent water. As before,
sodium chloride was added and the amount of water was reduced by an
equal amount. The sodium chloride contents and the setting points
of the resulting compositions are summarized as follows:
______________________________________ Percent Setting Composition
Sodium Chloride Point, .degree.C.
______________________________________ 1 0 40.0 2 0.25 42.5 3 0.5
47.0 4 1.0 51.0 5 1.5 54.0 0 2.0 58.0
______________________________________
Based upon the data presented in this table and the preceding
table, it appears that as little as 0.25 weight percent sodium
chloride can be effective in increasing the setting point of the
cosmetic vehicle of this invention. However, amounts of sodium
chloride of at least about 0.5 weight percent, and preferably at
least about 1 weight percent, appear necessary to achieve
substantial increases in setting point.
EXAMPLE 15
Deodorant Cologne Sticks
Employing procedures similar to those described above, a series of
stick-type deodorant colognes containing up to 2 percent perfume
were prepared by adding a perfume essential oil to basic
Formulations A, B, C and D of Example 14. It was noted that,
especially with respect to the series based on Formulation A, the
composition became less firm as the amount of perfume oil was
increased. In addition, it was found that the setting point of the
compositions decreased with increasing perfume oil concentration.
Accordingly, additional samples containing sodium chloride were
prepared. In all cases, the setting points of the compositions were
materially increased by the addition of sodium chloride. The data
obtained from this series of experiments is summarized as
follows:
______________________________________ Sodium Setting Formulation
Perfume Oil, wt. % Chloride, wt. % Point, .degree.C.
______________________________________ Basic Formulations A 0 0
38.5 B 0 0 42.75 C 0 0 46.0 D 0 0 48.75 0.2% Perfume Oil A Series
0.2 0 35.0 0.2 1 50.5 0.2 2 56.0 0.2 3 56.0 0.2 4 Split 0.2 5 63.5
B Series 0.2 0 42.25 0.2 1 54.0 0.2 2 59.0 0.2 3 62.5 0.2 4 66.0
0.2 5 69.0 C Series 0.2 0 45.5 0.2 1 56.75 0.2 2 62.0 0.2 3 65.0
0.2 4 69.0 0.2 5 68.5 D Series 0.2 0 48.0 0.2 1 59.5 0.2 2 63.0 0.2
3 67.0 0.2 4 73.0 0.2 5 72.0 0.5% Perfume Oil A Series 0.5 0 32.0
0.5 1 45.25 0.5 2 49.0 0.5 3 45.0 (Split) 0.5 4 Split 0.5 5 Split B
Series 0.5 0 41.0 0.5 1 48.0 0.5 2 53.5 0.5 3 56.5 0.5 4 61.0 0.5 5
60.5 C Series 0.5 0 44.25 0.5 1 51.5 0.5 2 57.0 0.5 3 59.0 0.5 4
63.0 0.5 5 64.5 D Series 0.5 0 46.75 0.5 1 54.75 0.5 2 58.0 0.5 3
62.0 0.5 4 65.0 0.5 5 67.0 2% Perfume Oil A Series 2 0 26.25 2 1
40.0 2 2 39.5 2 3 40.5 2 4 Split 2 5 40.0 B Series 2 0 36.5 2 1
48.0 2 2 51.0 2 3 52.0 2 4 51.0 2 5 52.0 C Series 2 0 41.0 2 1 53.0
2 2 56.0 2 3 57.0 2 4 56.5 2 5 59.5 D Series 2 0 46.0 2 1 51.0 2 2
58.0 2 3 58.5 2 4 Split 2 5 66.0
______________________________________
The foregoing data demonstrate that the adverse effect of
increasing perfume oil content on stick setting point and physical
condition can be offset by increasing sodium stearate or by adding
sodium chloride to the formulation. The latter is preferred,
however, because sodium chloride is less expensive than sodium
stearate, and its presence has a greater effect on increasing the
setting point of the composition.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrations of the type of
cosmetic product which can be made employing the sodium
stearate-water vehicle of this invention. Still other cosmetic
products will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
For example, stick type insect repellants can be employed by
incorporating an insect repellant compound as the active
ingredient.
The setting points reported in Examples 14 and 15 were determined
as follows:
(1) A heated solution of the test formulation was placed on a
magnetic stirrer, with a stirring bar and a thermometer immersed in
the formulation;
(2) The formulation was allowed to cool, while being stirred at a
slow to moderate speed to maintain a homogenous mixture; and
(3) The temperature at which the formulation became sufficiently
viscous to prevent rotations of the stirring bar was taken as the
setting point.
Although the foregoing description has been directed toward use of
the water-sodium stearate vehicle of this invention as a vehicle
for cosmetic preparations, it should be noted that the vehicle can
be employed in compositions intended for other, but related
applications. For example, solid room air deodorants or air
"fresheners" have become of considerable importance. Such
deodorants ordinarily consist of from about 1 to about 3 weight
percent of a fragrance oil dispersed in a solid vehicle, typically
an alcohol gel of the type used in stick-type deodorants. The solid
vehicle of this invention provides an excellent low cost vehicle
for such compositions.
* * * * *