U.S. patent number 4,151,843 [Application Number 05/851,471] was granted by the patent office on 1979-05-01 for apparatus for administration of a gas to a human and the exhausting thereof.
Invention is credited to John H. Brekke, Devin R. Lacke.
United States Patent |
4,151,843 |
Brekke , et al. |
May 1, 1979 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
Apparatus for administration of a gas to a human and the exhausting
thereof
Abstract
An apparatus for administration of a gas to a human and the
exhausting thereof including a gas flow control connected to one
end of a gas administering device which has on the other end
protrusions for sealing engagement with nostrils of the nose. A gas
supply conduit is connected to the gas flow control and a gas
exhaust conduit is connected to the gas flow control, the gas flow
control causes an intake of gas through the supply conduit and said
gas administering device and out said protrusions thereon upon
inhalation of a user of the apparatus. The gas flow control causes
the exhausting of exhaust gas from said gas administering device
through said gas flow control and out said gas exhaust conduit to a
gas collector upon expiration of the user of the apparatus. The gas
flow control causes the flow of fresh gas through a supply conduit
to be blocked during user expiration.
Inventors: |
Brekke; John H. (Duluth,
MN), Lacke; Devin R. (Richfield, MN) |
Family
ID: |
24812116 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/851,471 |
Filed: |
November 14, 1977 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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700083 |
Jun 28, 1976 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
128/205.25;
128/204.24; 128/205.13; 128/207.18; 128/910 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
16/0666 (20130101); A61M 16/0672 (20140204); A61M
16/20 (20130101); A61M 16/009 (20130101); Y10S
128/91 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
16/06 (20060101); A61M 16/20 (20060101); A61M
16/00 (20060101); A61M 016/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/203,205,206,208,195,198,201,14R,14N,141R,142R,142.3,145.8,145.7,145.6 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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2213764 |
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Sep 1973 |
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DE |
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27600 OF |
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1903 |
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GB |
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Primary Examiner: Recla; Henry J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wicks & Nemer
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 700,083 filed June
28, 1976, and now abandoned.
Claims
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and
desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. A gas flow control for use in combination with a gas
administering device, said flow control comprising:
(a) a fixed body,
(b) said body member having an intake conduit terminating in,
(c) a single exhaust conduit separate from said intake conduit and
joining said intake conduit in V-formation,
(d) a central conduit formed in said body and intersecting the apex
of the V-formation of said intake conduit and said single exhaust
conduit,
(e) means for attaching a gas supply line to said intake conduit,
and
(f) means for attaching an exhaust gas line to said exhaust
conduit,
(g) gas administering means connected to said central conduit
whereby during inspiration by a user the flow of intake fresh gas
is through said intake conduit and said central conduit in one
direction and upon expiration patient exhaust gases flow through
said central conduit in the opposite direction and out through said
single exhaust conduit,
(h) said exhaust conduit having manually operable means located
therein for occluding the flow of fresh intake gases therethrough
whereby the flow of fresh intake gases through said intake conduit
are blocked from entering said exhaust conduit and directed to
enter said central conduit at said V-formation to allow forced
inspiration of fresh intake gases through said intake conduit.
2. An apparatus for administration of a gas to a human and the
exhausting thereof comprising in combination:
(a) a gas flow control including a fixed body member,
(b) said body member having an intake conduit portion terminating
in,
(c) a single exhaust conduit separate from said intake conduit
formed in said body and joining said intake conduit in a
V-formation.
(d) a central conduit formed in said body and intersecting said
intake and exhaust conduits at the apex of the V-formation of said
intake conduit and said single exhaust conduit,
(e) a gas administering device including a base portion having,
(f) an opening,
(g) a pair of intranasal cannulas extending from said base portion
and communicating with said opening,
(h) means connecting said base portion of said gas administering
device directly with said central conduit of said gas flow control
with said opening of said gas administering device directly
communicating with said central conduit,
(i) said cannulas having means on the outer free ends thereof for
sealing engagement with the nostrils of a human nose, and
(j) gas collector means connected to said single exhaust
conduit,
(k) the flow of exhaust gas from the nose of a patient through said
central conduit and said single exhaust conduit blocking the flow
of intake gas through said gas flow control and allowing the
exhausting of exhaust gas solely from said exhaust conduit of said
gas flow control to exhaust gas collector means located in an area
separated from the apparatus, and
(l) means for connecting said intake conduit to a supply of
gas,
(m) said exhaust conduit having manually operable means located
therein for occluding the flow of fresh intake gases therethrough
whereby the flow of fresh intake gases through said intake conduit
are blocked from entering said exhaust conduit and directed to
enter said central conduit at said V-formation to allow forced
inspiration of fresh intake gases through said intake conduit.
3. An apparatus for administration of a gas to a human and the
exhausting thereof comprising in combination:
(a) a gas flow control including a fixed body member,
(b) said body member having an intake conduit portion terminating
in,
(c) a single exhaust conduit separate from said intake conduit
formed in said body and joining said intake conduit in a
V-formation,
(d) a central conduit formed in said body and intersecting said
intake and exhaust conduits at the apex of the V-formation of said
intake conduit and said single exhaust conduit,
(e) mask means having an enclosed hollow body for covering the nose
including,
(f) said mask body including accurate spaced front and rear walls
joined by,
(g) sidewalls and,
(h) a top end member having an opening connected with said gas flow
control body member for communication with said central
conduit,
(i) said front wall terminating in a lower bottom wall,
(j) said rear wall terminating in an upper bottom wall and having a
pair of openings therein communicating with the interior of the
hollow mask body, each opening having a protrusion formed therewith
for sealing engagement with the nostrils of a human nose,
(k) said exhaust conduit having manually operable means located
therein for occluding the flow of fresh intake gases therethrough
whereby the flow of fresh intake gases through said intake conduit
are blocked from entering said exhaust conduit and directed to
enter said central conduit at said V-formation to allow forced
inspiration of fresh intake gases through said intake conduit.
4. A device for administering gas for use in combinations with a
gas flow control comprising:
(a) mask means having an enclosed hollow body for covering the nose
including,
(b) said body including accurate spaced front and rear walls
joined, by,
(c) sidewalls and,
(d) a top end member having an opening connected with said gas flow
control body member for communication with said central
conduit,
(e) said front wall terminating in a lower bottom wall,
(f) said rear wall terminating in an upper bottom wall, and having
a pair of openings therein communicating with the interior of the
hollow mask body, each opening having a protrusion formed therewith
for sealing engagement with the nostrils of a human nose.
Description
SUMMARY
The invention relates to improved devices for the administration of
inhalation anesthesia and oxygen to patients requiring out-patient
surgical as well as dental procedures. The conventional nasal hood
presently used for the administration of inhalation anesthetics and
oxygen on an out-patient or ambulatory basis has several
disadvantages. These disadvantages include interference with access
to the surgical fields of the anterior maxilla, allowing leakage of
fresh anesthetic gases and oxygen into the surgical operatory thus
wasting expensive anesthetic gases and producing a health hazard in
the form of gaseous pollutants inhaled by those performing and
assisting in anesthesia and surgery. The conventional nasal hood
also allows for inspiration of atmospheric air around its borders
which dilutes the anesthetic gases that are inhaled thus reducing
their effectiveness. Additionally, the conventional hood fails to
provide for safe collection and disposal of anesthetic and patient
exhaust gases.
The device herein described is composed of two component parts. The
first part is an anesthetic gas flow control which functions during
inspiration to direct the flow of fresh anesthetic gases and oxygen
into the patient and conducts, upon expiration, the flow of patient
exhaust gases into a vacuum scavenging device while simultaneously
shutting off the flow of fresh gases to the patient. The second
component part is a nasal administration device which attaches to
the anesthetic gas flow control. The nasal administration device is
presented in two different design forms both of which have the same
functions. One form includes a mask attached to the gas flow
control and the other form includes a pair of nasal cannulas
attached to the gas flow control.
The mask is hollow and covers the entire nose and terminates in two
projections on its inner surface which engage the external portions
of the nasal orifices bilaterally thereby preventing leakage of
gases out of or into the system at that point. The anesthetic and
exhaust gases pass from the flow control to the nose and vice versa
through the hollow space in the mask.
In the second form the intranasal cannula has two tubes each of
which has a compressible cuff on the nostril end which assures a
positive seal between the patient's nostril and the tube which
prevents leakage of fresh and waste gases into the surgery
environment. It also prevents inspiration of atmospheric air
through leaks in the system which, if allowed, dilutes the
anesthetic gases and the desired amounts of pure oxygen.
With the devices of the invention hereinafter presented there is a
closed circuit of gas flow to the patient and from the patient to a
scavenging device whereby there is no escape of gas into the
operatory which is a health hazard and found in connection with the
use of conventional nasal hoods. Further there is a saving of
expensive anesthesia gases. Additionally, with the devices
disclosed there is free access to the surgical fields whereas with
conventional nasal hoods access is restrictive.
In the drawings forming part of this application:
FIG. 1 is a perspective and diagrammatic view of an inhalation
anesthetic administration and waste gas scavenging device showing
one embodiment of the invention (double walled nasal mask) and
illustrated in operative position on a patient. The device is shown
hooked up to a conventional gas supply and control apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of a anesthesia gas flow control
with nasal mask.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view on the line of 3--3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 3a is a sectional view on the line of 3a--3a of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view on the line 4--4 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view on the line 5--5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 5a is a view on the line 5a--5a of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 4, but with the exhale gas flow
shown.
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6, but with the inhale gas flow
shown.
FIG. 8 is a front elevational view of a further embodiment of the
invention with the anesthesia gas flow control and intranasal
cannula.
FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective of a further embodiment of a gas
control device.
FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the control of FIG. 9
in assembled and inhale condition.
FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 10 but with the device in exhale
condition.
FIG. 12 is a transverse sectional view through the piston and
cylinder of the control of FIGS. 9-11.
Referring to the drawings in detail, the device A includes a gas
administering device in the form of the double walled hollow mask
member 12 which includes the generally pear shaped body 14 formed
of the curved front wall 16 terminating in the lower bottom wall
18. Further provided is the curved inner wall 20 joined at its
upper end to the top portion 22 and terminating at its lower end in
the upper bottom wall 23. The upper end of the front wall 16 also
terminates in the top portion 22. The walls 16 and 20 are joined at
the side edges by the sidewalls 24 and 26 thereby forming a mask 12
having the hollow interior 27. Extending upwardly from the lower
walls 18 and 23 are the spaced protrusions 28 and 30 formed with
the openings 32 and 34, respectively, both of which communicate
with the hollow interior 27.
The hollow interior 27 terminates at its upper end in the opening
36, formed in the top portion 22. The nostril cuffs 28 and 30 are
of a length to extend slightly into the nostrils of a patient
receiving anesthesia to form a sealing engagement therewith, and
the front wall is of such a lateral extent that the sidewalls 24
and 26 lie adjacent the side of the nose.
The numeral 38 designates a anesthesia gas flow control which
includes the body 40. The body 40 is formed with the opposed
extensions 42 and 44 on the sides thereof for connection with
tubular lines hereinafter referred to. The body 40 is formed with
the intake conduit 46 which includes conduit 48 and conduit 50 and
recess 51. Extension 44 mounts the anesthesia and oxygen supply
line 47. The conduit 48 is obliquely disposed to the intake conduit
portion 50 which in turn terminates in the central conduit portion
52.
The conduit portion 50 is formed with the recess 51 adjacent the
end thereof and the conduit portion 52 terminates at the extension
54 formed on the lower end of the body 40. the extension 54 is
frictionally received in the opening 36 of the mask 12 thereby
mounting the control device 38 on the mask.
The body 40 is also formed with the exhaust conduit 56 which
includes the conduit portion 58 terminating in the obliquely
disposed conduit portion 60 which intersects with the junction of
conduit 50 with conduit portion 52 and at the recess 51. Further
provided is the exhaust block valve 61 including the shaft 62
mounted in the hole 64 formed in the body 40 and terminating in the
slot 66 which slot intersects the conduit portion 60. The shaft has
on the inner end thereof the paddle 68 and mounted on the shaft 62
is the coil spring 70 between the head 72 of the shaft and the side
of the body 40 thereby normally urging the paddle portion 68 out of
the conduit 58. The block valve 61 is prevented from moving out of
the body 40 by means of the paddle portion 68 contacting the
shoulder 74 formed by the juncture of slot 66 and hole 64. The
valve 61 is used for blocking the exhaust conduit consisting of
conduits 58 and 60. The block valve 61 mechanically blocks the
exhaust side of the control device so that anesthetic gases and
oxygen or just oxygen can be forced under pressure through the
control device into the patient when necessary without losing any
gas out conduit 58.
The flow control 38 is fluidic in nature and when the patient
inhales as in FIG. 7, gas under low pressure enters control device
body 40 through line 47 and travels through intake conduit 46 and
central conduit 52 and into the hollow mask 12, out through the
openings 32 and 34 of the protrusions 28 and 30, respectively, and
into the nose of the patient. This flow of gas does not flow
through exhaust conduit 56 on inspiration because of a "wall
attachment" phenomenon which is aided by recess 51. On the other
hand when the patient exhales, as shown in FIG. 6, exhaust gas
pressure created in central conduit 52 exits out conduit portion 60
of exhaust conduit 56 which is at ambient pressure and into exhaust
line 57 in which there is a conventional vacuum interface 59.
Exhaust gases collected at the vacuum interface 59 are routed into
container C, whereby no exhaust gases enter the room in which the
patient is treated. Also the exhaust gas pressure is great enough
to overcome the fresh gases at point X, which is the juncture of
conduits 50, 52, and 60, thereby blocking the flow of the fresh
gases from conduit 46 while the patient is exhaling. With the
blocking of the fresh gases the same cannot enter either conduit 50
or conduit 48 which form the intake conduit 46. With the mask 12
fitting against the face adjacent the sides of the nose and the
cuffs 28 and 30 snugly fitting against the patient's nostrils,
there is no escape of gas into the operatory room, but the gas is
scavenged to a point remote from the operatory.
In FIG. 8 is illustrated a further embodiment B of the invention
which includes the gas flow control device 38 hereinbefore
described. Further included is a gas administering device in the
form of the intranasal cannula member 76 which includes the base
portion 78 from which emanates the cannula tubes 80 and 82. The
base 78 is formed with a socket which frictionally receives the
extension 54 for attachment of the cannula 76 to the control device
38. The outer ends of the tubes 80 and 82 are formed with the
enlarged nose cuff ends 84 and 86, respectively. The device of FIG.
8 is used by the oral and maxillofacial surgeon when the patient is
anesthetized in the surgical planes of anesthesia. This is
contrasted with use of the double wall, hollow nasal mask 12 for
maintenance of inhalation sedation or amnesic planes of
anesthesia.
In FIG. 9 the gas flow control 90 includes the hollow piston 92
having the head 94 in which is formed the socket 96. Formed in the
wall of the piston is the first port 98 and an opposed second port
100 together with the cutout 102. The numeral 104 designates a
cylinder closed by the bottom wall 106 and formed with the opposed
first and second ports 108 and a second intake conduit 114 in line
with port 110. Formed on the lower end of the cylinder is the
hollow extension 116 which is connected to the cannula 76 or the
mask 12.
The numeral 118 designates a cap having the exhaust conduit 120
which attaches to exhaust line 57. Further provided is the thumb
screw 122 on the wall of the cap 118. The cylinder has formed on
the inner surface of the wall the projection 124 which is
positioned in the slot 126 formed in the wall of the piston 92
thereby preventing rotational movement of the piston in the
cylinder. The control 90 is assembled by inserting the piston in
the cylinder and securing the cap on the cylinder with the coil
spring 128 in the recess 96 and against the cap 118. The cap is
then secured on the cylinder by means of the thumb screw 122.
In FIG. 10 the control is in the inhalation position with gas
flowing in through conduits 112 and 114 and through ports 98 and
100 and down and out through hollow extension 116 connected to the
cannula 76 or mask 12. Upon exhalation as in FIG. 11 the piston 92
is moved against the spring due to exhaling pressure, and as a
result conduits 112 and 114 are blocked off thereby conserving
fresh gases and port 100 aligns with exhaust conduit 120 which is
connected to a source of scavenging vacuum. It will be seen that
the flow control 90 can be used in lieu of the control 38 with
supply line 47 branching off into branch lines 47a and 47b as in
FIG. 9.
It will be seen that with the protrusions 28 and 30 of the mask 12
or with the cuffs 84 and 86 of the cannula 76 in sealing contact
with the nostrils of a patient we have a closed circuit from the
supply tanks Ta and Tb to the point of collection at container C.
With the structure disclosed there is a closed system with no
escape of gas into the operatory. Further it will also be seen that
with either the cannulas or mask in operative position that there
is free access to the surgical fields of the oral cavity which is
not the case with conventional nasal hoods.
It will also be seen that with the control 38 or 90 fresh gases are
automatically blocked during expiration under routine operating
conditions.
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