U.S. patent number 3,928,914 [Application Number 05/174,896] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-30 for endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth.
Invention is credited to Isaac M. Kozlovsky.
United States Patent |
3,928,914 |
Kozlovsky |
December 30, 1975 |
Endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth
Abstract
An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising at least
two spaced apart pairs of spaced apart relatively thin, flat
vertically straight legs, each leg having a constant thickness and
width from top to substantially the bottom, and preferably, a
vertically tapered tip on the bottom of each leg, an upwardly
arcuate, relatively thin, flat upper bridge joining the tops of the
outermost legs of each said pair, an upwardly arcuate relatively
thin, flat lower bridge vertically spaced apart from the upper
bridge joining the tops of the innermost legs of each said pair,
the bridges having a constant thickness preferably equal to the
thickness of the legs, a relatively thin, flat arm joining the
inner and outer leg of each said pair in proximity to their tops
and preferably extending between the juncture of the legs with the
respective bridges to which they are joined, the arms having a
constant thickness preferably equal to the thickness of the legs,
and a post formed on the uppermost bridge extending vertically
upwardly therefrom, the top of the post preferably having at least
one pair of intersecting grooves, the legs, bridges and arms
collectively preferably having a plurality of transverse
openings.
Inventors: |
Kozlovsky; Isaac M. (New York,
NY) |
Family
ID: |
22637981 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/174,896 |
Filed: |
August 25, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
433/176 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61C
8/0021 (20130101); A61C 8/0019 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61C
8/00 (20060101); A61C 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;32/1A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Implants International, "Blade Guide," Copyright 1971, 1
page..
|
Primary Examiner: Peshock; Robert
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bain, Gilfillan & Rhodes
Claims
I claim:
1. An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth, comprising,
a. at least two spaced apart pairs of spaced apart relatively thin,
vertically straight legs, each leg having a constant thickness and
width from the top to substantially the bottom, the distance
between the said pairs of legs being greater than the distance
between the respective legs of each pair,
b. an upwardly arcuate, relatively thin, flat upper bridge joining
the tops of the outermost legs of each said pair,
c. an upwardly arcuate relatively thin, flat lower bridge
vertically spaced apart from the upper bridge joining the tops of
the innermost legs of each said pair,
d. a relatively thin, flat arm joining the innermost and outermost
leg of each said pair in proximity to their tops, and
e. a post formed on the uppermost bridge extending vertically
upwardly therefrom.
2. An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising,
a. the structure in accordance with claim 1 in which
b. the said legs, bridges and arms are collectively provided with a
plurality of transverse openings.
3. An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising,
a. the structure in accordance with claim 1 in which,
b. each arm and each bridge has a constant thickness.
4. An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising:
a. the structure in accordance with claim 1 in which
b. each leg has a constant width from the top to substantially the
bottom.
5. An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising
a. the structure in accordance with claim 2 in which
b. each leg has a constant width from the top to substantially the
bottom.
6. An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising,
a. the structure in accordance with claim 5 in which
b. each arm and each bridge has a constant thickness.
7. An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising,
a. the structure in accordance with claim 6 in which
b. the legs, arm and bridges have substantially the same constant
thickness.
8. An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising,
a. the structure in accordance with claim 2 in which
b. the legs of each pair are spaced apart a distance substantially
less than distance between the said pairs.
9. An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising,
a. the structure in accordance with claim 2 in which,
b. the top of the post is provided with a pair of intersecting
grooves.
10. An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising,
a. the structure in accordance with claim 2 in which
a. a plurality of posts formed on the uppermost bridge extending
vertically upwardly therefrom, the posts being positioned
symmetrically with respect to a vertical axis through the center of
the said bridges,
c. at least one supporting arm joining the uppermost and lowermost
bridges, the supporting arm being symmetrical with respect to a
vertical axis through the center of the said bridges.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Endosseous implants are gaining wide acceptance in the dental arts
as means for supporting prosthetic teeth and bridges. The
fundamental purpose of the implant is to relieve the gum of the
burden of supporting the denture, transmitting the force applied to
the dentures directly to the mandible bone. Thus, changes in the
soft tissue of the gum will not result in loosening or decreased
support of the dentures. Moreover, since the burden of the denture
is removed from the gum, trauma and degeneration of gum tissue is
avoided from this source.
Many endosseous implant blade configurations have been proposed.
However, known blades suffer from one common deficiency, they are
all relatively easily dislodged or loosened from the mandible after
a relatively short period of use.
In some instances, implant blades have been proposed which are
asymmetrical and, as a result, transmit forces to the mandible in
an uneven pattern, resulting in either fracture of the implant
blade or loss of anchoring by the mandible or maxillary.
Other implant blade configurations have been proposed employing a
plurality of depending legs which are other than vertically
straight. In some configurations the blade is arcuate from top to
bottom. In other configurations the blade is flared at the bottom
being wider at the bottom than at the top. In other configurations,
the blade is tapered in thickness from the top to the bottom. As a
result of these configuration characteristics, the blade become
loose, frequently rotates, and sometimes fractures. The tooth
becomes malpositioned and loses its support. In addition, as a
result of such movement the mandible and gum are traumatized.
Still other implant blades have been proposed with generally
horizontal members connecting the bottoms of vertical members. Such
blades generate excessive trauma to the mandible during implanation
with poor fibro-collagenous and osteogenesis.
The bearing load of the blade is enormous and must be supported by
a relatively thin member to which the post supporting the
prosthetic tooth is attached. In almost all known implant blades,
the generally horizontal bridging member upon which the mounting
post is formed is either horizontally straight or arcuate
downwardly. Thus, the forces transmitted by the post tend to spread
the depending members apart to an excessive degree again generating
undesirable rotational forces on the blade.
It is among the objects and advantages of the present invention to
provide an endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth which is
substantially undistortable under stress generated on and
transmitted by the tooth mounting post.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an endosseous
implant as aforesaid which takes maximum advantage of potential
fibro-mucosis by providing relatively small transverse passages in
and between the members of the blade through which medulla tooth
tissue generates thereby anchoring the blade against any movement,
longitudinal, latitudinal or rotational.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
endosseous implant aforesaid in which the legs may be easily
shortened to accommodate for variations in mandible
thicknesses.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
endosseous implant as aforesaid which generates a minimum of trauma
to the tooth during implantation but which spans a large distance
longitudinal to the mandible to provide maximum anchoring.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
An endosseous implant for prosthetic teeth comprising at least two
spaced apart pairs of spaced apart relatively thin, vertically
straight legs, each leg having a constant thickness and width from
the top to substantially the bottom, an upwardly arcuate,
relatively thin, flat upper bridge joining the tops of the
outermost legs of each said pair, an upwardly arcuate relatively
thin, flat lower bridge vertically spaced apart from the upper
bridge joining the tops of the innermost legs of each said pair, a
relatively thin, flat arm joining the innermost and outermost leg
of each said pair in proximity to their tops, and a post formed on
the uppermost bridge extending vertically upwardly therefrom.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF INVENTION
These objects and advantages as well as other objects and
advantages may be achieved by the endosseous implant for prosthetic
teeth claimed herein two preferred embodiments of which are
illustrated in the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an endosseous implant
employing a single prosthetic tooth mounting post;
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of the endosseous implant
illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the endosseous implant illustrated in
FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of an alternate form of
endosseous implant employing two prosthetic tooth supporting
posts;
FIG. 5 is an end elevational view of the endosseous implant
illustrated in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the endosseous implant illustrated in
FIGS. 4 and 5.
Referring now to the drawings in detail and in particular to FIGS.
1, 2 and 3, the endosseous implant comprises spaced apart pairs of
spaced apart vertically depending legs 11, 12, 13 and 14. The legs
11, 12, 13 and 14 are vertically straight and parallel having an
equal width and equal thickness from top to substantially the
bottom thereof. Each of the legs 11, 12, 13 and 14 are preferably
provided with vertically tapering tips respectively 15, 16, 17 and
18. Preferably the space 19 between legs 11 and 12 and the space 20
between legs 13 and 14 are equal in width and substantially less
than the space 21 between legs 12 and 13.
The outermost depending legs 11 and 14 are joined together at their
tops by a relatively thin, flat upwardly arcuate bridge 22.
Preferably, the bridge 22 is formed integrally with legs 11 and 14
and is of constant thickness and preferably of constant width.
The innermost legs 12 and 13 of the respective pairs of legs are
joined together at their tops by an upwardly arcuate lower bridge
23. The lower bridge 23 is of constant thickness throughout,
preferably equal to the thickness of the legs 12 and 13 and
preferably also equal to the thickness of legs 11 and 14 and upper
bridge 22.
Relatively thin, flat arms respectively 24 and 25 join the
innermost and outermost legs of each said pair of legs respectively
11-12 and 13-14. Preferably, arms 24 and 25 extend between and form
integrally with the juncture of the legs which they join with the
respective bridges to which they are joined. The arms 24 and 25 are
of constant thickness, preferably equal to the thickness of the
legs 11, 12, 13 and 14 and the bridges 22 and 23.
The top edge 26 of the upper bridge 22 is flared outwardly on its
opposite sides to define wedge shaped flanges 27 and 28 the purpose
for which will be detailed later.
A prosthetic tooth mounting post 29 is joined to the top edge 26 of
bridge 22 at its center by a tapered neck 30. The top 31 of the
post 29 is provided with a pair of intersecting grooves 32 and 33
which preferably extend transversely across the top 31 of the post
29.
The length of the legs 11, 12, 13 and 14 are relatively great with
respect to the combined widths of bridges 22 and 23 and the space
34 therebetween. The legs 11, 12, 13 and 14, the bridges 22 and 23
and arms 24 and 25 are collectively provided with a plurality of
transverse countersunk holes 35,35 etc.
The points of intersection of all of the respective components of
the implant blade, the legs, arms and bridges are provided with a
radius to avoid angular intersections. In addition, the holes 35
are provided with a countersunk rim 36.
An alternate form of endosseous implant blade is illustrated in
FIGS. 4, 5 and 6. Such a blade employs a pair of prosthetic tooth
mounting posts and is useful for supporting a plurality of teeth
joined together in a bridge. The implant blade illustrated in FIGS.
4, 5 and 6 is similar in all respects to the implant blade
illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. There are provided spaced apart
pairs of spaced apart relatively thin, flat, vertically straight
legs 37, 38, 39 and 40. The legs 37, 38, 39 and 40 are of constant
thickness from the top to substantially the bottom thereof, the
bottoms each being provided with a vertically tapered tip
respectively 41, 42, 43 and 44.
The outermost legs 37 and 40 of the respective pairs of legs 37-38
and 39-40 are joined together at their tops of an upwardly arcuate
upper bridge 45. The upper bridge 45 is preferably formed
integrally with the legs 37 and 40, is of constant thickness,
preferably equal to the thickness of legs 37 and 40.
The innermost legs 38 and 39 of the said pairs 37-38 and 39-40 are
joined together at their tops by an upwardly arcuate lower bridge
46 spaced away from the upper bridge 45. The lower bridge 46 is of
constant thickness, preferably equal to the thickness of legs 38
and 39.
A pair of arms 47 and 48 join the respective pairs of legs 37-38
and 39-40 together at their tops. Preferably, the arms 47 and 48
are formed integrally with the legs 37-38 and 39-40 extending
between the juncture of the respective legs and bridges. An
intermediate arm 49 joins the upper bridge 45 and lower bridge 46
at their respective centers.
The space 50 between legs 37 and 38 and the space 51 between legs
39 and 40 are preferably equal and substantially smaller than the
space 52 between legs 42 and 43. The length of the legs 37 and 40
are substantially greater than the combined widths of the bridges
45 and 46 and the space therebetween 53.
The upper bridge 45 is provided with a pair of prosthetic tooth
mounting posts 54-54 each joined to the bridge 45 by a tapered neck
55-55. The top 56 of each of the posts 54 is provided with a pair
of intersecting grooves 57-58 extending transversely across the
respective tops 56.
Each of the legs 37, 38, 39 and 40, the upper and lower bridges 45
and 46 and the arms 47 and 48 are collectively provided with a
plurality of transverse holes 59,59, etc., which are provided with
a countersunk rim 60 on each of the faces of the said members.
The intersection of each of the component members of the implant
blade is provided with a radius to provide against angular or sharp
intersections.
The top edge 61 of the upper bridge 45 is outwardly flared to
define wedge shaped flanges 62-63 having the same function as
flanges 27 and 28 in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
In operation, the implant blade is positioned above the gum above
that portion of the mandible to bear the stress or support of the
prosthetic tooth or bridge. Preferably, the gum is layed back to
expose the mandible. With young persons, the mandible is
substantially cartilaginous. In such persons, the implant blade may
be forced downwardly into the mandible either by light tapping or
by constant downward pressure. The tapered tips on the legs of the
implant blade facilitate penetration of the mandible. In older
persons or in persons whom the natural teeth have been removed for
some time the uppermost portion of the mandible becomes calcified.
In such persons, the calcified portion must be cut by means of an
appropriate dental instrument to provide an entrance for the
implant blade. The flared upper edge 26 of upper bridge 22 in FIGS.
1, 2 and 3 and the flared upper edge 61 of upper bridge 45 in FIGS.
3, 4 and 5 provide a seal for the cut in the mandible bone, the
respective wedge shaped protrusions 27-28 and 62-63 intruding into
the cut which is normally somewhat irregularly shaped.
During implantation the legs of the implant blade penetrate the
cartilaginous medullary portion of the mandible bone stimulating
fibro-mucosis. Similarly, penetration of the lower bridge 23 and 46
also stimulates fibro-mucosis. This results in bone material
regenerating through the respective opening 35 in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3
and 59 in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 as well as in the space 34 or 35
intermediate the upper and lower bridges 22-23 and 45-46. The
regenerated tissue intruding through these openings firmly anchors
the implant blade against any movement longitudinal, latitudinal or
rotational. Nevertheless, the total amount of the mandible
traumatized by penetration of the legs and bridges is relatively
small as compared to the overall longitudinal extension of the
blade.
In the event that the mandible bone is of varying thickness, or is
exceptionally narrow, the legs may be easily cut through the
openings to adjust their length. Nevertheless, the strength of the
entire blade remains unaltered notwithstanding the shortening of
the legs, all forces and stresses upon the mounting post being
transmitted vertically downwardly into the mandible without
distortion of the blade.
Of particular note is the fact that the upper and lower bridges
22-23 and 45-46 are upwardly arcuate. This configuration transmits
vertical forces from the posts 29 or 54 vertically downwardly into
the legs without causing deflection of the legs outwardly or
inwardly which would result in loosening of the blade from the
mandible.
Of equal note is the fact that the legs are of constant thickness
from the top to substantially the bottom thereof. In known
configurations, many of the legs are vertically tapered to
facilitate penetration. However, the vertical taper also
contributes to vertical loosening of the implant blade. Preferably,
all of the components of the blade should be of equal thickness
with only the tips of the legs being vertically tapered. In this
fashion, the implant blade makes the same width penetration
throughout the mandible with no portions being thicker than
anothers.
The intersecting grooves 32-33 in post 29 and 57-58 in posts 54,54
provide a seat for complementary ribs on the bottom of prosthetic
teeth mounted thereon. Such complementary grooves and ribs provide
an anchor against rotation of the prosthetic tooth and assist in
orientation thereof since the tooth must be placed on the post
after implantation of the blade.
In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6,
the arm 49 intermediate the upper bridge 45 and lower bridge 46
provides additional vertical support against downward deflection of
the respective bridges which in turn would result in outward
deflection of the legs. The intermediate arm 49 is unnecessary in
the smaller single post configuration illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and
3 since the forces transmitted by the post are necessarily
symmetrical. The forces transmitted by posts 54,54 in FIGS. 4, 5
and 6 might well not be symmetrical but the configuration of the
implant blade distributes the forces in as wide and equal a fashion
as possible without distortion of the blade. In addition, the arm
49 provides supplemental support between bridges 45 and 46 which
are longer than bridges 22 and 23 in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
Of particular note is the fact that all intersecting surfaces and
members of the blades illustrated in all of the drawings are
provided with a radius. Angular or sharp intersections provide a
site for the accumulation of fungus and are decidedly undesirable.
This is also the reason for the countersunk rim 36 around the
openings 35 in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 and 60 in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
Preferably, the entire implant blade is fabricated integrally from
a thin flat sheet of material so as to maintain constant thickness
throughout all members with the exception, of course, of the
mounting post. It has been found that the preferred material of
fabrication is exceptionally pure titanium to which the body tissue
appears to exhibit minimal rejection characteristics.
The foregoing description is merely intended to illustrate an
embodiment of the invention. Component parts have been shown and
described. They each may have substitutes which may perform a
substantially similar function; such substitutes may be known as
proper substitutes for the said components and may have actually
been known or invented before the present invention.
* * * * *