U.S. patent number 3,926,186 [Application Number 05/473,878] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-16 for muscular support.
Invention is credited to Robert P. Nirschl.
United States Patent |
3,926,186 |
Nirschl |
December 16, 1975 |
Muscular support
Abstract
A support for bracing the musculo-tendinous units in the lower
extremities of humans especially around the knee and foot comprised
of a flexible, curvilinear pad of substantial width especially
adapted to be tightly wrapped about a muscle in such extremities
without slippage and constructed of a two-layer laminate of cloth
and foam rubber. The pad is easily tightened by means of a Velcro
fastener strip attached thereon.
Inventors: |
Nirschl; Robert P. (Arlington,
VA) |
Family
ID: |
26994366 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/473,878 |
Filed: |
May 28, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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345370 |
Mar 27, 1973 |
3877426 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
602/62;
602/65 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
5/0106 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
5/01 (20060101); A61F 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/165,166,166.5,167,168,169,8C,8R,157,DIG.15 ;2/22,24 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Yasko; John D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Schuyler, Birch, Swindler, McKie
& Beckett
Parent Case Text
PRIOR APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
345,370 filed Mar. 27, 1973 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,877,426.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A support device capable of being wrapped about and surrounding
the muscle of a bodily limb or member without extensive overlap and
capable of applying circumferential pressure to a wide area of said
muscle to thereby relieve internal tension of the muscle,
comprising a substantially curvilinear, elongated pad having one
long edge convexly arcuately shaped and having an opposing long
edge with a portion thereof forming a pair of spaced, flat
projections of said pad extending away from said convexly arcuately
shaped long edge, said opposing long edge being of a predetermined
length measured longitudinally of said elongated pad such that such
support device will be of generally conical shape when wrapped
about the muscle of said bodily limb or member, said pad being
flexible in all directions and comprising a laminate having an
inner layer of resilient foamed material bonded to an outer layer
of substantially inelastic flexible sheet and having fastening
means for securing said support device tightly about said
muscle.
2. The support device of claim 1 wherein said resilient foamed
material is foamed rubber.
3. The support device of claim 1 wherein said substantially
inelastic flexible sheet is a woven fabric.
4. The support device of claim 1 wherein said fastening means
comprise a plurality of Velcro fastener strips attached to the
outer surface of said outer layer.
5. The support device according to claim 1 wherein said fastening
means comprise at least one Velcro fastener strip attached to the
outer surface of said outer layer at each end of said elongated
pad.
6. The support device of claim 1 wherein said fastening means
comprise in combination a plurality of Velcro fastener strips
attached to the outer surface of said outer layer at one end of
said elongated pad and at the other end of said pad a corresponding
plurality of rings attached to the outer surface of said outer
layer, said Velcro fastener strips having a loop section and a hook
section, one of each said sections of said Velcro strips partially
overlapping said pad and the other of each said sections
constituting a free end, whereby said pad can be fastened around
the limb or member by threading each said free end of said strips
through a corresponding said ring and reversedly drawing said free
end for attachment to said overlapping section.
7. The support device of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of
reinforcing members attached to said pad with at least one said
reinforcing member extending between the edge of each said
projection and said arcuately shaped edge.
8. The support device of claim 7 wherein said reinforcing members
comprise relatively stiff elongated strips of a substantially rigid
synthetic resin.
9. A method of preventing overload on selected muscles and tendons
of the portion of a human leg between the knee and ankle comprising
the application of circumferential pressure to a wide area of the
quadriceps, patella and the patellar tendon by wrapping about said
leg portion a substantially curvilinear, elongated pad having one
long edge arcuately shaped and of a predetermined length measured
longitudinally of said elongated pad, and having an opposing long
edge with a portion thereof forming a pair of spaced flat
projections of said pad extending away from said arcuately shaped
long edge, said opposing long edge being of a predetermined length
measured longitudinally of said elongated pad such that said
support device will be of a generally conical shape when wrapped
about said leg and said pressure will be applied by said projection
to the portions of said leg adjacent the lateral edges of the
kneecap.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to a support for bracing the
musculo-tendinous units in the lower extremities of humans. In
particular, various embodiments of this invention relate to
supports for preventing and relieving injuries to the muscles and
tendons of the foot and of the knee, by applying external
circumferential pressure over a wide area of the musculo-tendinous
unit to thereby relieve the tension normally exerted by the
muscle.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Tennis is rapidly becoming one of the most popular sports, since it
can be played by people of all ages, both indoors and outdoors,
during the day or at night under lights. With the advent of the
popularity of tennis, especially among people of various ages and
various muscular ability, has come an increasing incidence of
muscular injuries to the elbow, the foot and the knee. These
injuries include "tennis elbow," dislocation or subluxation of the
patella, tendinitis of the posterior tibial and peroneal
musculo-tendinous units, chronic flat-footedness and arch strain,
and an increased incidence of heel spurs. The primary symptom of
these injuries is a chronic inflammation of the attachment of
muscle-tendon groups to the associated bones.
It is believed that the aforestated injuries occur because the
normal arrangement of the muscles and their attachments to the
associated bone structure predisposes individuals to injury during
the movements associated with strenuous physical exercise, such as
during a tennis match. These strenuous exertions create great
pressure against the attachment of the muscle mass, subjecting it
to repetitive and chronic strain with the subsequent formation of
non-elastic scar tissue. This scar tissue often tears again and
tends to become re-inflamed. The situation is compounded by the
lack of appropriate muscle-tendon strength and endurance to
withstand the forces which are placed against it (so characteristic
of the occasional athlete who rarely trains for sports
activity).
For the most part, the problem occurs because of an inherent
weakness in the structure, design or mechanical relationship of the
muscles, tendons, or ligaments in the knee and foot which subject
these members to increased forces in a specific area, thus placing
an inordinate strain on the tissues.
Treatment for such injuries has been primarily medical in nature
ranging from surgery or localized injection of cortisone to simple
rest.
It has been found that the pain of such injuries can be relieved,
and the injury itself often prevented, by placing pressure about
the muscles of an extremity. The pressure on such muscles serves to
relieve the internal tension thereon by providing a counter-force
against which the muscle can push.
A number of bandage-like devices, generally elastic in nature, have
been developed which can be placed about the foot or the knee. Such
devices have suffered from several disadvantages. For example, some
elastic devices have tended to restrict circulation in the limbs;
and the elastic characteristics of such bandages have failed to
provide sufficient counter-force pressure to effectively
disseminate the concentration of forces. Other devices designed to
exert pressure about the muscle have the serious disadvantage of
limiting mobility of the bodily member and the joints associated
therewith. Still other such devices do not stay in place on an
extremity and are too narrow to properly disseminate forces placed
on the muscles.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
This invention has as an object a muscular support which can be
tightly wrapped about a muscle with a substantially uniform
pressure over a sufficiently wide area of the muscle to maximize
the dissemination of forces placed thereon.
As another object, this invention provides a muscular support of
substantial width that resists slippage from the extremity during
vigorous athletic motion such as that occurring during a game of
tennis.
As a further object, this invention provides a muscular support for
the foot or knee which does not impair the mobility of the
wearer.
As yet another object, this invention provides a strong pad of
rugged, long-wearing characteristics, which maintains its
appearance and utility over prolonged use.
My copending application Ser. No. 345,370 filed Mar. 27, 1973,
describes and claims a device especially suitable for wrapping
about the muscle of the forearm to prevent tennis elbow. This
application is directed toward devices especially suitable for
preventing or treating foot and arch strain, foot tendinitis, and
knee injuries.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These and other objects of the invention are achieved by a muscular
support device comprising a substantially curvilinear, elongated
pad having one long edge arcuately shaped and of a predetermined
length measured longitudinally of said elongated pad, and having an
opposed long edge with a portion thereof non-parallel to and
extending away from said arcuately shaped long edge and of a
predetermined length measured longitudinally of said elongated pad
such that said support device will be of generally conical shape
when wrapped about the muscle of said bodily limb or member. The
pad is flexible in all directions and comprises a laminate having
an inner layer of resilient foamed material and an outer layer of
substantially inelastic flexible sheet. One end of the pad has a
Velcro fastener strip attached to the outer surface of the outer
layer whereby the pad can be fastened around the bodily limb or
member.
The elongated pad of the device of this invention, of curvilinear
shape, substantial width and dimensioned to render it generally
conical when wrapped about the subject muscle, is configured to
facilitate the exertion of an even counter-force pressure over a
broad area of such muscle during the contraction thereof, without
significantly impairing the mobility of the bodily limb or member
associated therewith. Thus, an accurately fitting wide support
device is obtained which provides for maximum dissemination of
forces over a broad muscular area.
In certain embodiments the pad has a binding strip of elastic cloth
around the edges of such pad, the binding strip being attached to
the laminate by stitching to the foam side of such laminate. Also,
in certain embodiments, the pad is adapted for application to the
human foot with pressure applied to the upper instep and to the
bottom surface of the foot between the ball and the heel
thereof.
In other embodiments the elongated pad includes a pair spaced
projections along one of the long edges thereof such that the pad
may be applied to the leg between the knee and the ankle with such
projections applying pressure to the portions of the leg adjacent
to the lateral edges of the kneecap.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other objects and advantages of the invention, which will
become apparent to those skilled in the art, are referenced to the
following drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the outer surface of one embodiment of the
muscular support device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the muscular support device of FIG.
1 in position, tightly wrapped about the leg;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view along line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the outer portion of a second embodiment
of the muscular support device of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the muscular support device of FIG.
4 in position, tightly wrapped about the foot;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view along line 6--6 of FIG. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 and FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 illustrate two embodiments
of the muscular support pad of this invention adapted for use about
the knee and the foot, respectively.
As best seen in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the muscular support of one
embodiment of this invention comprises a substantially curvilinear,
elongated pad 1 having one convexly arcuately shaped long edge 2
and having an opposing long edge 3 with a portion thereof
non-parallel to edge 2 and forming two flat projections 4 of the
pad 1 extending away from such convexly arcuately shaped long edge
2. The convexly arcuately shaped long edge 2 is of a greater
length, measured longitudinally of the elongated pad 1, than the
opposing long edge 3 such that the muscular support will assume a
generally conical shape when wrapped about the leg, as illustrated
in FIG. 2. This configuration provides for support by the exertion
of an even pressure around the leg and on the inferior oval margins
of the kneecap, extending over a wide area but without
significantly impairing the mobility of the knee. Additionally, the
conical configuration of the wrapped device aids in preventing
downward slippage and displacement of the device during athletic
exertion.
Pad 1 comprises a laminate 5 having a polymeric foam bottom layer
6, which is preferably foam rubber of about one-eighth inch to
one-fourth inch thickness, and a flexible but relatively inelastic
sheet upper layer 7, which is preferably cotton duck cloth. When
the pad is wrapped about the leg, such bottom layer 6 and top layer
7 will become the inner and outer layers respectively of the
support device. A suitable laminate of foam rubber and cotton is
commercially available from PROTEK-TOE PRODUCTS, of Union, New
Jersey. It is possible to use other foams than foam rubber, but the
foam should be selected so that it is highly resilient, has similar
"fight back" properties so it tends to resist compression, and has
a coefficient of friction sufficiently similar to that of foam
rubber, whereby it resists slipping even when the skin underneath
the support device begins to sweat. Preferably, the surface of the
foam rubber is smooth-appearing and the pore size of the foam at
the surface is very tiny, giving the outer surface of the foam a
skin-like appearance.
The laminate 5 is preferably bordered by binding strip 8, which is
an elasticized fabric. The binding strip can be eliminated, but at
a sacrifice in the overall wear properties and appearance of the
support. The elastic binding strip is sewn on, as are all other
attachments to the pad, by stitching 9 which is sewn through the
foam rubber side. By sewing through the foam rubber side is meant
stitching with the foam rubber side in the upper position, the
stitches 9 causing the foam rubber 6 to compress. The stitches,
therefore, are indented below the surface that is in contact with
the skin, thereby lessening the danger of skin irritation due to
abrasion caused by raised stitching.
To one end of the pad 1 is attached a pair of flexible Velcro or
equivalent fastener strips 11 and 11'. Each fastener strip has
hooked portions 12 and 12' and loop portions 13 and 13'. The other
end of the pad has two rigid metal rings 14 and 14' attached to the
flexible outer sheet layer 7 by looped cloth ribbons 15 and 15'.
The support is kept firmly about the leg and the muscles by
threading the free loop ends 13 and 13' of Velcro fastener strips
11 and 11' through the underside of rigid metal rings 14 and 14'
and reversedly back for attachment to the hook ends 12 and 12' of
the Velcro fastener strips. Conveniently, the free ends 13 and 13'
of the Velcro fastener strips can be looped back upon themselves
and stitched, thereby forming raised portions or catches 16 and
16'. These raised portions 16 and 16' permit the user to form a
circular, loosely engaged support through which he can insert his
leg prior to final positioning of the support device and tightening
of the Velcro fasteners.
As shown more clearly in FIG. 2, the projections 4 of this knee
support accommodate the inferior oval margins of the patella, or
kneecap, with the reinforcing members 10, which may conveniently be
substantially rigid strips of nylon or other synthetic resin,
providing additional stabilizing strength. The muscular support of
this configuration thus may be clinically beneficial in both
treating and preventing such problems as dislocation or subluxation
of the patella, condromalacia patellae and patellar tendinitis, or
jumper's knee, as well as Osgood-Schlatter's tibial epiphysitis.
The use of a non-elastic material for the outer surface 7 of the
support will serve to minimize circulatory blockage, such as is
present with the use of elastic wrappings and supports.
Additionally, as indicated in FIG. 2, the configuration of this
knee support, with the spaced projections 4 on either side of the
kneecap, leaves the kneecap free and permits the knee joint to
retain its mobility, thus permitting more freedom of movement and
avoiding hinderance of the athletic activities of the wearer. It
has been found that convenient dimensions for this knee brace are
in the range of 31/2 to 5 inches for the minimum dimensions between
the base 17 of the projections 4 and the convexly arcuately shaped
long edge 2 and in the range of 81/2 to 151/2 inches measured
linearly longitudinally of the brace.
Another embodiment of the muscular support of this invention is
illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6. As shown in FIG. 5, this
embodiment is particularly suitable for providing support to the
plantar fascia, the bottom surface of the foot, between the ball
and the heel. Insofar as the structure of this second embodiment is
similar to the above-described embodiment for use adjacent the
knee, like components are numbered alike in hundred and unit
series, respectively.
In this second embodiment, especially adapted for application to
the foot, the curvilinear elongated pad 101 has a concavely
arcuately shaped long edge 102 and an opposing long edge 103 with a
portion thereof non-parallel to edge 102 and forming a single,
broad, flat projection 104 of the pad 101 extending away from the
concavely arcuately shaped long edge 102. In this embodiment the
concavely arcuately shaped long edge 102 is shorter, measured
longitudinally of elongated pad 101, than the opposing long edge
103 such that wrapping the support about the foot, as illustrated
in FIG. 5, will cause the support to assume a generally conical
shape having substantial width. Such configuration facilitates
application to the foot such that pressure may be applied over a
broad area at the upper instep and along the plantar, or bottom
surface of the foot between the ball of the foot and the heel
without impairing mobility. Convenient overall dimensions for this
foot brace have been found to be in the range of 31/2 to 41/2
inches for the maximum width thereof measured between opposing long
edges 102 and 103, and in the range of 71/2 to 111/2 inches
measured linearly longitudinally of the brace.
In this second embodiment the hook portions 112 and 112' of the
Velcro fastener strips 111 and 111' are separated from the loop
portions 113 and 113', with one hook portion 112 and one loop
portion 113' disposed at one end of the elongated pad 101 and the
mating loop portion 113 and hook portion 112' disposed at the
opposite end thereof. By virtue of this arrangement, in which the
rigid metal rings of the above embodiment are eliminated, the
wearer may wrap the support about the foot and tighten it by
pulling across the foot on loop portions 113 and 113' prior to
engaging them to their respective hook portions 112 and 112'. While
this is a convenient arrangement of the fasteners, other
arrangements, such as a broad single fastener, would also be
suitable.
When the brace of this second embodiment is firmly fastened about
the foot, as shown in FIG. 5, it may thus provide a pressure
against the contracting musculo-tendinous units, as well as the
plantar fascia, and thus disseminate any excessive concentration of
forces at and about the ankle and foot during athletic exertion.
Similarly to the previously disclosed embodiment of the support,
this second embodiment is configured to avoid immobilizing the
ankle joint of the wearer and thus avoids hinderance of the
wearer's athletic activities while still providing
musculotendinous, fascial and ligamentous support over a broad
area.
While two embodiments of the support of this invention, especially
suited for the disclosed specialized applications, have been
disclosed with particularity above, numerous modifications of the
same within the scope of the invention will be readily apparent to
those skilled in the art. For example, various other arrangements
and numbers of Velcro fasteners may readily be substituted for
those disclosed herein, as may be belts and buckles and other
fastening devices. Additionally, various configurational
modifications of the support pad of this device to facilitate
application of the invention to various musculo-tendinous units of
the body especially the ankle, mid-leg, thigh, medial epicondyle of
elbow, upper and mid-arm, and wrist, will occur to those skilled in
the art and are considered also to be encompassed by this
invention. Thus, the scope of the invention of this muscular
support, which is suitable for the treatment and prevention of
injury to muscles in many parts of the body and associated with
many different types of activities, is to be limited solely by the
claims appended hereto.
* * * * *