U.S. patent number 3,926,135 [Application Number 05/533,963] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-16 for multipurpose pipeline system for handling fluids on liquid cargo vessels.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Stolt-Nielsen, Inc.. Invention is credited to Paul V. De Gregorio.
United States Patent |
3,926,135 |
De Gregorio |
December 16, 1975 |
Multipurpose pipeline system for handling fluids on liquid cargo
vessels
Abstract
Pipeline system and pumping arrangement for handling liquid
cargo, vapor return, water ballast, cleaning-chemicals, insert
gases or the like between dockside and any of a plurality of holds
or tanks in a vessel, or for transferring liquids or gases between
such tanks, and providing fewer pipelines than the number of tanks
serviced by the system. Three longitudinal transfer pipelines
extend along main deck over each of six rows of individual tanks,
half the number of tank rows extending respectively forward and aft
on either side of amidship. Each tank has deep-well pump whose
pumpstack may be selectively connected, using a removable flexible
piping, or a universal arm, or pipe-elbow connection, to any of the
three adjacent transfer pipelines. The vapor relief opening of a
tank may be selectively connected by similar devices to another of
the transfer pipelines. Each transfer pipeline extends from the
ends of the vessel and connects to one of several transverse pipe
headers, located amidship, the number of headers being fewer than
the number of transfer pipelines. Headers are connected by
removable flexible elbows to either of a pair of longitudinal
collecting manifolds located respectively on opposite sides of the
main deck. Shutoff valves in the lines provide versatility in use
of the system. All pipelines are generally straight, have removable
endplates, and are vertically displaced from adjacent pipelines,
for convenient cleanout.
Inventors: |
De Gregorio; Paul V. (Armonk,
NY) |
Assignee: |
Stolt-Nielsen, Inc. (Greenwich,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
24128142 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/533,963 |
Filed: |
December 18, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
114/74R; 141/104;
137/255; 141/388 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B67D
9/02 (20130101); B63B 27/24 (20130101); Y10T
137/4673 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
B67D
5/68 (20060101); B67D 5/70 (20060101); B63B
27/00 (20060101); B63B 27/24 (20060101); B63B
025/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;114/74R,74A
;137/255,262,266 ;141/387,388,99,104 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Blix; Trygve M.
Assistant Examiner: Basinger; Sherman D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Brooks Haidt Haffner &
Delahunty
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A fluid storage tank and pipeline system comprising a plurality
of storage tanks, a plurality of transfer pipelines extending
adjacent to and between said plurality of tanks for conducting
fluids to and from selected ones of the tanks, said plurality of
transfer pipelines being fewer in number than said plurality of
storage tanks, each of said storage tanks having means providing a
pipe connection opening of the tank, each of said plurality of
transfer pipelines having respectively opposite ends and further
having means providing pipe connection openings thereof
respectively associated with, but spaced from each said storage
tank pipe connection opening, means for closing selected ones of
said transfer pipeline pipe connection openings, movable pipe
connection means for connecting said pipe connection opening on any
storage tank to a selected one of said transfer pipeline pipe
connection openings associated with the tank, removable cap means
on each of said respectively opposite ends of each said transfer
pipeline, and a plurality of shutoff valves in each of said
transfer pipelines, one of said shutoff valves in each said
transfer pipeline being adjacent to an end thereof which is common
to such valved end of each other of said plurality of transfer
pipelines, and the others of said shutoff valves being at
respective locations between two of said pipe connection openings
in the transfer pipeline with which the valve is associated.
2. A system according to claim 1, wherein at least some of said
storage tanks further have respective means providing a vapor vent
presenting a second pipe connection opening of the tank, and which
further comprises movable pipe connection means for connecting said
second pipe connection opening of any storage tank to any selected
one of said transfer pipeline pipe connection openings associated
with the tank.
3. A system according to claim 1 wherein said transfer pipeline
pipe connection openings associated with each said storage tank are
disposed at respective, substantially equal distances away from
said pipe connection opening of the tank.
4. A system according to claim 3 wherein said pipe connection means
for connecting said pipe connection opening of any said storage
tank to any selected one of its said associated transfer pipeline
pipe connection openings comprises a pipe arm having a free end
carrying a universally mounted, quick-connect pipe coupler, and
means pivotally connecting the opposite end of said pipe arm to
said storage tank pipe connection opening.
5. A system according to claim 3 wherein said pipe connection means
comprises a length of piping having a quick-connect pipe coupler on
each of its ends, and each of said pipe connection openings of said
storage tanks and of said transfer pipelines has a co-mating
quick-connect pipe coupler thereon.
6. A system according to claim 5 wherein said length of piping
comprises flexible pipe.
7. A system according to claim 5 wherein said length of piping
comprises a substantially elbow-shaped, rigid pipe connection
piece.
8. A system according to claim 3 wherein each of said transfer
pipeline pipe connection openings associated with any one of said
tanks is disposed within a plane and at an arcuately spaced apart
location with respect to any other of said transfer pipeline pipe
connection openings along the circumference of an imaginary circle
whose center is on the axis of said pipe connection opening of the
tank.
9. A system according to claim 8 wherein said transfer pipeline
pipe connection openings associated with any one said tank are
disposed within a plane extending transversely with respect to the
axis of said pipe connection opening of the tank.
10. A system according to claim 9 wherein said plane of said
transfer pipeline pipe connection openings associated with any said
storage tank is spaced from said pipe connection opening of the
tank along its said axis.
11. A system according to claim 1 wherein said storage tanks are
substantially aligned with each other, and said transfer pipelines
extend substantially parallel to each other, each said transfer
pipeline having one of said pipe connection openings thereof
associated with each of said storage tanks.
12. A fluid storage tank and pipeline system comprising a plurality
of storage tanks, a plurality of transfer pipelines extending
adjacent to and between said plurality of tanks for conducting
fluids to and from selected ones of the tanks, said plurality of
transfer pipelines being fewer in number than said plurality of
storage tanks, each of said storage tanks having means providing a
pipe connection opening of the tank, each of said plurality of
transfer pipelines having means providing pipe connection openings
thereof respectively associated with, but spaced from each said
storage tank pipe connection opening, each of said transfer
pipeline pipe connection openings associated with any one of said
tanks being disposed at an arcuately spaced apart location with
respect to any other of said transfer pipeline pipe connection
openings along the circumference of an imaginary circle whose
center is on the axis of said pipe connection opening of the tank
and whose plane extends transversely with respect to said axis of,
and is spaced from said pipe connection opening of the tank, means
for closing selected ones of said transfer pipeline pipe connection
openings, and movable pipe connection means for connecting said
pipe connection opening on any storage tank to any selected one of
said transfer pipeline pipe connection openings associated with the
tank, said plane of said imaginary circle along which said transfer
pipeline pipe connection openings are disposed being a vertical
plane, said plurality of transfer pipelines comprising three
longitudinally extending and vertically spaced apart transfer
pipelines, the upper and lower of said three transfer pieplines
being disposed within said vertical plane of their said pipe
connection openings, the middle one of said three transfer
pipelines being spaced in lateral direction a farther distance away
from said pipe connection opening of said associated tank and
having a substantially elbow-shaped section of pipe connected
thereto, said elbow-shaped pipe section having an open end disposed
within said plane of said transfer pipeline pipe connection
openings to thereby provide said pipe connection opening of said
middle transfer pipeline.
13. A fluid storage tank and pipeline system comprising a plurality
of storage tanks, a plurality of transfer pipelines disposed along
substantially the tops of and extending between said plurality of
storage tanks for conducting fluids to and from selected ones of
the tanks, said plurality of transfer pipelines being fewer in
number than said plurality of storage tanks, each of said storage
tanks having means providing a pipe connection opening of the tank,
each of said plurality of transfer pipelines having means providing
pipe connection openings thereof respectively associated with, but
spaced from each said storage tank pipe connection opening, means
for closing selected ones of said transfer pipeline pipe connection
openings, movable pipe connection means for connecting said pipe
connection opening on any storage tank to any selected one of said
transfer pipeline pipe connection openings associated with the
tank, and a deepwell pump associated with each said storage tank
for pumping said fluids out from the tank, each said pump having a
liquid cargo line through which said fluids flow to and from the
tank, said liquid cargo line having means defining a pipe
connection opening which provides said pipe connection opening of
the tank with which the pump is associated.
14. A system according to claim 13 wherein each said pump has
control means disposed substantially on the top of said tank with
which the pump is associated, and an impeller disposed within, and
substantially at the bottom of the tank.
15. A system according to claim 13 wherein said storage tanks are
fluid cargo holds of a water-borne vessel, said plurality of
transfer pipelines being mounted on and extending in longitudinal
direction of the vessel along its main deck, and which further
comprises a plurality of transverse header pipelines mounted on the
main deck of said vessel, each of said transfer pipelines being
connected at one of its ends to one of said transverse header
pipelines, the opposite end of each of said transfer pipelines
having a pipe connection means including removable closure means,
and each said transverse header pipeline having a pipe connection
means including openable closure means at an end thereof adjacent
to a side of said vessel.
16. A fluid storage tank and pipeline system comprising first and
second pluralities of storage tanks, first and second pluralities
of transfer pipelines respectively associated with and extending
adjacent to and between the respective of said first and second
pluralities of tanks for conducting fluids to and from selected
ones of the tanks in each of said pluralities thereof, said first
and second pluralities of transfer pipelines each being fewer in
number than said first and second pluralities of storage tanks with
which they are respectively associated, each of said tanks having
means providing a pipe connection opening of the tank and each of
said first and second pluralities of transfer pipelines having
means providing pipe connection openings thereof respectively
associated with, but spaced from each said storage tank pipe
connection opening of said plurality of tanks with which the
plurality of transfer pipelines is associated, means for closing
selected ones of said pipe connection openings of said first and
second pluralities of transfer pipelines, movable pipe connection
means for connecting said pipe connection opening on any of said
storage tanks to any selected one of said transfer pipeline pipe
connection openings associated with the tank, and a plurality of
transverse header pipelines, each of said transfer pipelines in
said first and second pluralities of transfer pipelines being
connected at one of its ends to one of the said transverse header
pipelines, the number of said transverse header pipelines being
fewer than the number of transfer pipelines in said first and
second pluralities of transfer pipelines.
17. The system according to claim 16 which further comprises a
collecting pipe manifold having means providing a plurality of pipe
connection openings thereof, means for closing selected ones of
said collecting pipe manifold pipe connection openings, each of
said transverse header pipelines having means providing a pipe
connection opening adjacent to said collecting pipe manifold,
movable pipe connection means for connecting a selected one of said
collecting pipe manifold pipe connection openings to a selected one
of said adjacent transverse header pipeline pipe connection
openings, and shut-off valve means in each of said transfer
pipelines and transverse header pipelines, whereby a fluid flow
connection can be made between any of said storage tanks, said pipe
connection openings at the ends of said transverse header
pipelines, and said pipe connection openings of said collecting
pipe manifold and any other.
18. The system according to claim 17 wherein said storage tanks are
fluid cargo holds of a water-borne vessel, said transfer pipelines
being mounted on and extending in longitudinal direction of the
vessel along its main deck above the tanks with which they are
respectively associated, said transverse header pipelines being
mounted on and extending transversely across said main deck of the
vessel at a midship location, and said collecting pipe manifold
being mounted on and extending in said longitudinal direction at
one side of said vessel.
19. The system according to claim 18 which further comprises a
second collecting pipe manifold mounted on and extending in said
longitudinal direction at the other side of said vessel, said
second collecting pipe manifold having means providing a plurality
of pipe connection openings thereof and means for closing selected
ones of said second collecting pipe manifold pipe connection
openings, each of said transverse header pipelines having means
providing a pipe connection opening adjacent to said second
collecting pipe manifold, and movable pipe connection means for
connecting selected ones of said second collecting pipe manifold
pipe connection openings to selected ones of said adjacent
transverse header pipeline pipe connection openings.
20. The system according to claim 19 wherein said transfer
pipelines and said transverse header pipelines and said first and
second collecting pipe manifolds are substantially straight and
have cappable clean-out and inspection openings at each of their
respective ends.
Description
This invention relates to pipeline systems for carrying liquids,
and vapors, and more particularly to such systems as are installed
on liquid cargo carrying vessels, such as "parcel" tankers, barges,
or similar vessels, primarily for the loading and off-loading of
their liquid cargoes.
A "parcel" tanker is a seagoing tanker ship having a relatively
large number (e.g., 36) of individual and isolated liquid
cargo-carrying holds or tanks, thus adapting it to carry several
liquid cargoes (i.e., as many different cargoes as there are cargo
tanks), any one or more of which must be off-loaded at a port of
call, and still different liquid cargo taken on board, sometimes
concurrently with the off-loading, without disturbing the remaining
cargo. It is apparent, and required by shippers, charterers, and
government and other regulations, that emptied holds and the piping
used for loading and unloading those holds must be thoroughly
cleaned before taking on a new and different cargo. Accordingly,
and because of the manifest difficulty of attempting to rapidly and
repeatedly clean a single pipeline as would service all of the
tanks after each relatively small quantity of liquid cargo is
handled, it has been thought necessary and is therefore
conventional to provide each separate cargo hold or tank with its
own individual pump and pipeline network to facilitate concurrent
or rapid sequence handling of several different liquid cargoes as
they are loaded and unloaded from dockside, or barges, etc. This
results in a veritable myriad of pipes and valves mounted and
extending longitudinally on the main deck of the ship leading to a
common midship location where the cargo is conventionally brought
and, by transversely extending lines, delivered over the side. For
example, thirty-six complete and separate pipeline networks are
presently installed to service thirty-six tanks of a ship. As
parcel tanker ships are made larger, or the quantity of liquid in
the average cargo is smaller, the number of cargo holds or tanks
provided in such ships will normally be increased, and, but for the
present invention, the number of separate pipelines on their decks
would be expected to increase correspondingly and
prohibitively.
It is therefore intended by the present invention to provide a
pipeline system by which the number of such separate pipelines, and
consequently the quantities of pipes and valves necessary to
service such numerous and separate tanker holds, will be
significantly reduced. For example, in a tanker intended to have 46
cargo holds extending in three rows throughout the length of the
ship, the present invention would provide as few as 12, but
preferably 18, longitudinally extending transfer pipelines, and as
few as eight, but preferably 16, transversely extending pipe
headers located amidship, as compared with the 46 longitudinal
transfer lines and 46 transfer header lines previously believed
necessary, yet will provide equivalent, and in some instances
better service to and from each hold. Especially considering that
most such pipelines and their valves and fittings are made from
high-cost stainless steel, the proportionately lower cost of
initial installation of such fewer lines, and of subsequent
maintenance of the system is apparent.
It is also intended by the invention that the pipeline arrangement
be such as will facilitate rapid and thorough cleaning and
confirming inspection of both the pipes leading to any tank and the
cargo tank itself, so that they will be readied for receiving
another liquid cargo within only a few hours time.
It appears that no pipeline system which significantly reduces the
number of pipelines, yet achieves all of the objects and advantages
of the present invention has been known in the past. United States
patent No. 2,314,555 (Preuss) discloses a barge or ship for
carrying liquid cargo in individual, unconnected liquid cargo
holds, in each of which a standpipe extends downwardly to a
deepwell at the bottom of a hold. In each of the port and starboard
aligned series of cargo holds, each vertical standpipe connects
through a shut-off valve to a single longitudinally extending
header or transfer line. These longitudinal transfer lines connect
to common transversely extending headers at both ends, these
transverse headers having end caps for easy cleaning. A common
suction pump is connected to one of the transverse headers for
pumping out the contents of one or more of the cargo holds,
depending upon whether the shut-off valve at any cargo hold has
been opened. However, the single pump is not capable of
simultaneously off-loading two different liquid cargoes without
admixing the cargoes, as is possible using the present invention,
and it is apparent that the single longitudinal transfer line
extending over each series of cargo holds as disclosed in the
Preuss patent is incapable of loading or unloading two different
liquid cargoes simultaneously in different cargo holds of the
series, as may be done using the present invention.
To remedy the deficiencies of the Preuss system, and as is now
conventional on parcel tankers in actual use, separate
longitudinally extending transfer lines are provided to each and
every of the several cargo holds, and individual cargo pumps are
provided at each cargo hold. However, such does not achieve the
results afforded by the present invention, as aforesaid.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,984,198 (Atkinson et al) shows the employment of a
flexible hose connection to selectively load or offload liquid
cargo from any vertical standpipe of several which project upwardly
from the respective cargo holds of a ship. However, neither the
objects nor the advantages of the present invention are
achieved.
Briefly describing a pipeline system in accordance with the
invention and as installed on a parcel tanker, a plurality of
so-called "transfer pipelines" are installed extending
longitudinally along the main deck above the top of an aligned
plurality or row of liquid cargo holds or storage tanks, the number
of transfer pipelines being fewer than the number of tanks in the
row. In the preferred embodiment, three spaced-apart and parallel
transfer pipelines extend along any such aligned series of tanks.
Each tank has its own pump for pumping liquids between the tank and
any one of the transfer pipelines to which the pumpstack is
connected via a removable hose, universal arm, or elbow. The
remaining transfer pipelines, each of which has a connection
opening adjacent to the tank, remain capped excepting if provision
must be made for returning vapors, in which case any conventional
opening in the tank preferably the vapor opening, is similarly
connected to a second of the transfer pipelines. So that a common
length of flexible steel pipe or common universal arm or elbow can
be used to connect the cargo line of each pumpstack to any one of
the adjacent transfer pipelines, and as seen in end view, the pipe
connection openings of the several transfer pipelines associated
with any tank are disposed within a vertical plane and face
inwardly from their arcuately spaced apart locations along an
imaginary circumference generated by the outer end of a 90.degree.
pipe elbow whose inner end is mounted and swiveled on the laterally
facing pumpstack connection opening. Thus, in end view, the three
transfer lines are vertically spaced apart.
The transfer pipelines are separate and independent of each other
and, excepting for necessary expansion loops and the like, each is
made perfectly straight, and has removable closures at both of its
ends for easy cleanout and inspection. At one end, each of the two
lowermost of the three parallel transfer lines is connected by a
90.degree.-branch elbow or the like to one of a plurality of
transversely extending pipe headers which are vertically displaced
above the transfer lines. The branch opening of the 90.degree.
branch elbow is capped by a removable cap or plug, thus providing
for easy cleaning of the pipeline. The uppermost of the three
transfer lines is at the same elevation as the bank of transverse
headers, and a removable cleanout plug is located on the far side
of the connection of the line to its header. The transverse headers
are also perfectly straight and openable at both ends for easy
cleaning and inspection.
At either end, each of these transverse pipe headers may be
connected by a removable hose or 90.degree. pipe elbow to a
collecting manifold pipe having a limited number of other openings
for hose connections to dockside. These longitudinal collecting
manifolds, one at either side of the ship, are vertically displaced
below the plane of the several transverse headers to facilitate
cleaning of the latter from their ends, and each is perfectly
straight and is itself openable at its opposite ends to facilitate
its cleaning and inspection.
For convenience, and as is conventional, the bundle of transverse
headers is situated amidships, and similar pluralities of transfer
pipelines, as previously described with respect to any single row
of tanks, extend at right angles from these transverse headers in
the forward and aft directions along and over each longitudinally
extending row of cargo tanks as seen from the midship location. For
example, in a typical large tanker ship, centerline tanks as well
as port and starboard tanks are provided, resulting in three
adjacent rows of tanks extending in the forward direction of the
ship, and three adjacent rows of tanks extending in the aft
direction, from the midship location. Each of these six rows of
tanks is provided with at least two, and preferably three, transfer
pipelines, thus requiring a total of at least 12, and preferably
18, transfer pipelines servicing all of the ship's liquid cargo
storage tanks which may total 36 or more.
Similarly, the number of transverse header pipelines may be less
than the total number of transfer lines by connecting two or even
more of the transfer lines to each transverse header. For example,
in a typical arrangement which provides 18 transfer lines, the six
transfer pipelines associated with the center tanks may be
singularly connected to respective header pipes, and pairs of the
remaining 12 transfer lines may be connected to respective common
headers, thus requiring a total of only 12 transverse pipe headers
to service the 18 transfer lines. However, for greater flexibility
in the use of the system, only two paairs of the remaining twelve
transfer lines are connected to respective common headers, so that
a total of 16 transverse pipe headers are used in the presently
preferred system. At either of their ends, all of the transverse
pipe headers may be selectively connected to a common collecting
manifold, as aforesaid.
The several liquid cargo carrying tanks or holds may be of varying
capacities, from very small to very large, but the number and sizes
of the cargo tanks themselves do not affect the usefulness of the
present invention.
Each cargo tank is provided with its own deepwell pump so that the
tank may be filled or emptied independently of all other tanks in
the system. However, to facilitate maintenance, the deepwell pump
for each tank has its drive and control mechanisms mounted on the
main deck, so that only its impeller is located within the tank
itself. Preferably, a hydraulically driven Frank Mohn type deepwell
pump is used.
The vertically projecting cargo line of the pumpstack through which
the liquid cargo flows into or out from the tank preferably has two
outlet openings, the first being a swivel-mounted cappable elbow at
the extreme top end of the pumpstack for offloading or receiving
liquid cargo directly from shore, and thus bypassing the pipeline
system of the invention. The second is a preferably fixed position
opening which also faces laterally, preferably inboard, and which
is provided with a quick-connect type coupler for making a
removable hose or elbow-connection to one of the previously
mentioned three adjacent transfer pipelines of the invention.
Alternatively, a universal arm might be mounted on this second
opening. Of course, the second opening might also be arranged to
swivel to face any point within the horizontal plane of its
movement.
As they extend longitudinally past each pumpstack the three
transfer pipelines are laterally spaced away from the pumpstack
cargo line and vertically spaced away from each other a short
distance such that, by a 90.degree.-pipe elbow, universal arm, or a
similar short length of flexible hose connected to the referred to
second pumpstack cargo line outlet, a connection may be made to any
of the transfer pipelines. For making such connection, each
transfer pipeline has a pipe connection opening which is provided
with a quick-connect type pipe coupler, and which is located near
the pumpstack. In this regard, and so that a universal arm of fixed
length, or a rigid, 90.degree.-- pipe elbow might be used, the
middle one of the three vertically spaced apart transfer lines is
also displaced in the inboard direction with respect to the plane
of the other two transfer pipelines and has an elbow-type branch
opening extending back into the plane of the connection openings of
the other transfer lines, to which the elbow or other fixed length
connection is made to the pumpstack cargo line, all as will be
described in greater detail.
These and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention
will become apparent from the following detailed description of the
invention, when taken together with the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a multi-purpose pipeline
system in accordance with the invention as installed in a parcel
tanker vessel, the view being of the main deck;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged and fragmentary plan view showing details of
the same pipeline system in the vicinity of a pumpstack, as is
associated with each liquid cargo hold of the vessel;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary and sectional end view of the pipeline
system as seen from line 3--3 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view showing only the
manifold header connections of the same pipeline system at the
midship location on the vessel;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side sectional elevation of the pipeline
system as seen from line 5--5 of FIG. 4, certain portions being
omitted for clarity;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary and sectional end elevation of the pipeline
system as seen from line 6--6 in either of FIGS. 4 or 5, certain
portions being omitted for clarity;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view showing further details of
the same pipeline system, in the vicinity of the pumpstack at each
cargo tank location;
FIG. 8 is a perspective showing of a removable flexible steel pipe
connection piece which is used in the system;
FIG. 8A is a diagrammatic showing of a universal arm which might be
used as an alternative to the pipe connection piece of FIG. 8;
and
FIGS. 9 and 10 are enlarged and fragmentary side sectional showings
of the details of a conventional quick-connect type pipe coupling
used in the pipeline system, FIG. 9 showing the coupling in open
position and FIG. 10 showing the coupling as it appears when a
connection is made and the coupling is locked.
Referring first to FIG. 1, a multipurpose pipeline system in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, generally
indicated by reference numeral 20, is shown diagrammatically as
installed on a parcel tanker vessel or ship which is generally
indicated by reference numeral 21. The parcel tanker 21 has a
numerous plurality of liquid cargo storage holds or tanks of
various capacities, these being arranged in respective aligned rows
of tanks located along the port side, the starboard side, and the
centerline of the ship and designated respectively by their tank
numbers 1P through 11P, 1S through 11S, and 1C through 12C. As
indicated at tank 7C in FIG. 1, any of the center tanks may be
divided into two smaller tanks 7CS and 7CP, or perhaps into three
smaller tanks (not shown). Each of these liquid cargo storage tanks
is totally enclosed by its vertical bulkhead structure below the
main deck so as to be isolated from its adjacent tanks, thus
adapting the tanks for concurrently carrying different liquids
without contaminating or mixing one liquid cargo with another.
These storage tank division bulkheads are indicated by unnumbered
dashed lines in FIG. 1. Also as indicated, these tanks have
different capacities, ranging from about 225 to about 2500 cubic
meters.
As shown, the ship 21 is an ocean-going vessel of size on the order
of about 30,000 tons deadweight or more, but the multipurpose
pipeline system of the invention might also be installed on smaller
vessels, such as barges, lighter ships, and the like which have
only a single line of tanks. Conceivably, the system might also be
installed as the pipeline system of a dockside tank farm having
numerous aligned storage tanks on land for temporarily storing
different liquid cargoes for subsequent ocean transport in parcel
tankers such as the vessel 21. It should also be understood that
the pipeline system 20 may at times carry vapors rather than
liquids, such as return air, or returning volatile or toxic vapors
from the liquid storage tanks which are being filled with liquids
using other lines of the system, as will be seen. Such a
multipurpose pipeline system may also be used for distributing
liquid ballast between ballast tanks (not shown) or for carrying
inert purging gases, slops from tank washings, liquid or gaseous
cleaning chemicals, or air between cargo or ballast tanks.
Moreover, and although not illustrated, any of the several
pipelines of the system may be steam traced so that the flow may be
heated.
In general, and with reference to FIG. 1, the multi-purpose
pipeline system 20 includes a liquid-cargo pump generally indicated
by reference numeral 22 associated with each cargo hold or tank
1S-11S, 1C-12C, and 1P-11P, and a plurality of transfer pipelines,
such as the three transfer pipelines 23, 24 and 25, associated with
each row of tanks extending in either the forward or aft direction
of the ship as seen from the midship location. There are six such
rows of tanks indicated in FIG. 1, these being the row of tanks 7S
out to 1S; row 8S out to 11S; row 8C to 1C; row 9C to 12C; row 7P
to 1P; and row 8P to 11P. Of course, there may be more or less than
six rows of tanks. As will be noted, there are fewer transfer
pipelines associated with each tank row than the number of tanks in
the row. Further, and as indicated at each of the port and
starboard tank rows in FIG. 1, all of the transfer pipelines may
extend the full length of the tank row or, as indicated at each of
the center tank rows in FIG. 1, one or more of the transfer
pipelines servicing the row may be terminated short of the one or
two outermost tanks in the row as seen from amidships, depending
upon the anticipated circumstances of use of the system. Moreover,
the mounting of all of the piping in the system on the main deck
40, rather than below decks, avoids the piercing of bulkheads in
the way of cargo lines.
The liquid cargo line of each cargo pump 22 may be selectively
connected to an adjacent pipe connection opening of any one of its
three associated transfer pipelines 23, 24 or 25 via a removable
flexible steel pipe connection, universal arm, or even a rigid
90.degree. pipe elbow, as will be described. It will be noted that
the system eliminates the need for a liquid cargo handling
pumproom, and can afford either local control of each pump, or
overall control of all pumps.
The pipeline system 20 also includes a plurality of transverse
header pipelines, commonly called transverse headers 26. As seen in
FIG. 1, the system 20 may include twelve such headers 26 servicing
a total of eighteen transfer pipelines 23, 24 and 25, although
fewer or more headers 26 might have been included. That is, it will
be noted that, whereas each of the transfer pipelines 23, 24 25
which service the two centerline tank rows 1C-8C and 9C-12C is
connected to only one transverse header 26, the two port and
starboard transfer pipelines 23 servicing tank rows 1S-7S and 1P-7P
are connected to a common transverse header, as are the respective
port and starboard transfer pipelines 24 and the respective port
and starboard transfer pipelines 25 which service the same tank
rows, and that common transverse headers 26 are similarly provided
for each of the similar pairs of port and starboard transfer
pipelines 23, 24 and 25 which service the tank rows 8S-11S and
8P-11P. Were the similar port and starboard pairs of transfer
pipelines 23, 24 and 25 of each of the centerline tank rows 1C-8C
and 9C-12C similarly connected to respective common headers 26, the
number of transverse headers 26 would be reduced to nine, and it is
apparent that the number of headers would be further reduced were
more than two transfer pipelines connected to each. And, of course,
were each of the transfer lines 23, 24 and 25 in the entire system
to be provided with its own header 26, the number of transverse
headers 26 would total eighteen. Although not illustrated, a
presently preferred embodiment has sixteen transverse headers, only
two pairs of transfer lines having their respective common header.
In this arrangement the 16 headers might be placed in two banks of
eight headers, placed one over the other, instead of alongside of
each other as illustrated.
The pipeline system 20 as shown in FIG. 1 also includes a pair of
longitudinal extending, collecting manifold pipes 27 and 28, each
being at opposite sides of the vessel 21, and to each of which the
transverse headers 26 may be connected by separate and removable
pipe elbows or flexible pipe connection pieces as generally
indicated by dotted lines 29 and as will be further described. The
longitudinal headers 27 and 28 each have shore hose connection
outlets 30, which are fitted with standard ASA 150 flanges.
The longitudinal transfer lines 23, 24 25, the transverse headers
26, and the longitudinal collecting manifolds 27, 28 are of
appropriate diameter pipe, and made of appropriate material for
their contemplated use. Preferably, they are made of 6 inch or 8
inch diameter stainless steel 316-L pipe.
In addition, each transfer pipeline 23, 24, 25 has a shutoff valve
31, 32, 33, respectively, also preferably of stainless steel, at
its end which connects with one of the transverse headers 26. One
or more further shutoff valves 34 are spaced about 50 feet apart
along its length to limit the extent of flow through the line to
the vicinity of the tank being serviced, thus to reduce the length
of pipe which must be cleaned under certain obvious conditions.
These valves 34 may be of an automatic shutoff type actuated by
high level alarm, as may be required by any pertinent regulation.
Quick-connect plugs or shutoff valves, not shown in FIG. 1 but as
will be described, close all pipe connection openings in each of
the transfer lines 23, 24, 25 other than the one or more of such
openings which at that time are flow-connected to a corresponding
one or more of the pumpstack cargo lines or tank vapor openings. In
this regard, it should be noted that each liquid cargo tank 1S-11S.
1C-12C, and 1P-11P has a vapor vent opening 35 which, as indicated
in dashed lines at tank 4P, may also be connected by a removable
flexible pipe or the like to one of the three transfer lines 23,
24, 25 associated with the tank.
To control the flow through any transverse header 26 to or from
either of the longitudinal collecting manifolds 27 or 28, and to
limit the flow in the header to the vicinity of the transfer line
23, 24, or 25 being serviced, each transverse header 26 is provided
with two or four shutoff valves 36, as located and appearing in
FIG. 1.
Thus, by opening the appropriate shutoff valves 36, 34 and one or
more of the transfer pipeline valves 31, 32 and 33, and by
uncapping and connecting the appropriate transfer line opening to
one or more of the cargo tank pumpstacks as necessary, flow of
liquid cargo between the dockside at either or both sides of the
vessel 21 and any one or more of the cargo tanks 1S-11S, 1C-12C and
1P-11P can be established via the collecting manifolds 27 and/or
28, one or more of the transverse headers 26, and one or more of
the transfer lines 23, 24 and/or 25, as will be apparent from FIG.
1. It will be apparent that returning vapors from each tank being
filled can be concurrently handled through an appropriate one of
the remaining transfer pipelines 23, 24 or 25 and its associated
transverse header 26 to dockside from an end of the latter, without
need for passing the vapor through one of the collecting manifolds
27 or 28.
Turning now to the details of the system 20, and with reference to
any liquid cargo hold or storage tank such as the typical tank 4P
(FIGS. 1 and 3), the control mechanisms 22a of its deepwell pump 22
are mounted on the upper or main deck 40 of the vessel 21 above the
storage tank 4P, only the pump impeller 22b being situated at the
bottom of the tank 4P to induce upward movement, as indicated by
arrow A, of the liquid cargo to discharge through the cargo line
22c of the pumpstack. During loading, dockside pumps pump the
liquid cargo L to and down the cargo line 22c, as indicated by
arrow B. Location of the pump drive on the main deck makes it
easily accessible for maintenance and repair. Although other types
of pumps might be employed, a conventional hydraulically driven,
Frank Mohn centrifugal type deep well pump is suitable for the
purpose. Its hydraulic lines are indicated by reference numeral
22d. Although not illustrated, it will also be understood that the
impeller 22b might actually be disposed within a sump at the bottom
of the tank 4P for more complete discharge of the liquid cargo, as
is known. The pump 22 is preferably located towards the inboard
side and at the aft end of the cargo tank 4P. Since only the pump
impeller, hydraulic line, and cargo line are located within the
hold, it will be noted that the individual cargo tanks can be
easily cleaned.
The pumpstack cargo line extension 41, which is a continuation of
the cargo line 22c, projects upwardly from the main deck 40 and has
two pipe openings or outlets for receiving and discharging liquid
cargo L, or ballast, inert gas, etc. The first of these is the
90.degree. pipe elbow outlet 42 at its top which is swivelable in
the horizontal plane, or which faces outboard, to facilitate direct
connection to dockside loading or discharge hoses, if desired. This
outlet 42 has a standard ASA 150 flange fitting and is normally
closed by a flange cover 42a. It is provided as a means to by-pass
the remainder of the pipeline system with respect to any tank, if
desired.
The second hose connection opening in the cargo line extension 41
is an outlet 43 which faces inboard although it might also be
swivelable, and which is preferably fitted with a quick-connect
type female coupler 44. Although it may be of another type, the
coupler 44 is preferably a conventional coupler as sold under the
trademark EVER-TITE by the EVERTITE Coupling Co., Inc. of New York,
New York, which is illustrated in detail in FIGS. 9 and 10. The
coupler 44 has locking handles 45 for coupling a co-mating male
coupler 46 (FIGS. 8-10), or a co-mating male plug which, though not
shown in the coupler 44, would be similar to the plug 47 shown in
FIG. 7 positioned within a similar female coupler 53 on the pipe
connection opening 50 of the transfer line 25. Alternatively, and
as illustrated in FIG. 8A, the outlet 43 may have a fixed pipe
length or arm 43a mounted thereon via a universal connection joint
43b. The outer free end of the pipe arm 43a has a universal joint
outlet 43c carrying a male quick-connect coupler 46 for connection
to a female coupler on any of the transfer lines 23, 24 or 25, as
will be understood.
Referring to the FIG. 3 embodiment and as shown in FIG. 8, a
quick-connect male coupler 46 is attached on each of the opposite
ends of a flexible, stainless steel pipe connection piece 55 which
is used to connect the cargo line extension outlet 43 to any
selected one of the adjacent transfer pipelines 23, 24 or 25 via
their respective pipe connection openings 48, 49 and 50 (FIGS. 3
and 7) to which respective quick-connect female couplers 51, 52 and
53 are attached. These female couplers have respective locking
handles 56, 57 and 58.
Although diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 1 as being laterally
adjacent to each other, as shown particularly in FIGS. 2, 3 and 7,
the middle transfer pipeline 24 is laterally offset in the inboard
direction of the ship, about 21 inches from the vertical plane of
alignment of the other transfer pipelines 23 and 25 whose
respective downward and upwardly facing openings 48 and 50 lie
within the same vertical plane. As particularly shown in FIGS. 2
and 7, the pipe opening 49 of the middle transfer pipeline 24 is
formed by a 90.degree.-pipe elbow, oriented in a horizontal plane,
thus to align all three of the transfer line pipe openings 48, 49,
50 within the same vertical plane. Further, and as will be
understood from a comparison of FIGS. 2, 3 and 7, the mouths of all
of the pipe openings 48, 49, 50 are spaced an equal distance away
from the mouth of the pumpstack opening 43 at respective points
which are arcuately spaced 90.degree. apart along an imaginary
circle whose center lies on the horizontal axis of the pumpstack
opening 43, the radius of the circle being equal to the spacing
distance, about 21 inches, between the mouth of the pumpstack
opening 43 and the plane of the transfer pipeline openings 48, 49,
50. Accordingly, as indicated by the dashed line or full line
showings in FIGS. 2, 3 and 7, this same pipe connection piece 55 is
used to connect the pumpstack openings with any of its adjacent
transfer pipeline openings and, because such uniform spacing
distance is employed at all pumpstacks, the same connection piece
55 might be carried from one pumpstack to another and used to form
the same connections at each, as required. Also, it will be noted
that, instead of being a flexible pipe as illustrated, the
connection piece 55 might be in the form of a rigid,
90.degree.-pipe elbow. In either instance it might be provided with
handles (not shown) for easy carrying and handling when making the
required connection.
Returning briefly to FIG. 8A, it will be understood from the dotted
line showings that the universal arm 43a is pivotable at its end
43b for connection of its outer end male coupler 46 to any of the
couplers 51, 52 or 53 of the transfer lines 23, 24 or 25.
Thus, upon connection of the pumpstack cargo discharge and loading
line extension opening 43 with any one of the transfer pipeline
openings 48, 49, 50 by means of the pipe connection piece 55 as
illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 7, or the universal arm as
illustrated in FIG. 8A, liquid cargo L from the tank 4P may be
pumped by the deepwell pump 22 upwardly through its cargo discharge
and loading line 22c and its extension 41, and thence through the
outlet 43 into the selected one of the transfer lines 23, 24 or
25.
The liquid may be conveyed by the transfer line either to its
associated transverse header 26 and thence to dockside either
directly from an end of the latter or via one of the collecting
manifolds 27 or 28 as previously mentioned, or to the cargo line
extension 41 of any other tank to which the liquid is to be
transferred, either in the same aligned series of tanks or in any
other series of tanks depending upon the flow connection made using
the transverse and longitudinal headers 26, 27, 28 as
necessary.
Of course, all transfer pipeline openings 48, 49, 50 throughout the
pipeline system as are not being used remain capped, as by
removable plugs 47 (FIG. 7). Either additionally or alternatively
each of the openings 48, 49, 50 may be closed by a gate or ball
type shutoff valve 80, as illustrated only in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Similarly, liquid cargo L can be pumped from dockside to any tank
using the pump 22 at the tank to which the liquid is directed, and
appropriate flow connections between the longitudinal and
transverse headers and one of the transfer pipelines, as will be
apparent. Concurrent vapor return to dockside from the tank being
filled can be effected by a similar hose connection 56 (FIG. 1)
between its vapor vent opening 35 and another of the transfer
lines, and thence by appropriate flow connections to dockside.
The preferred arrangement and possible connections between all of
the transfer pipelines 23, 24, 25, transverse headers 26, and
collecting manifolds 27 and 28 in the preferred pipeline system 20
are best understood by a comparison of FIGS. 1 and 4-6.
Especially from FIG. 5, it will be noted that all of the transverse
headers 26 are preferably disposed within a common imaginary plane
at the same elevation, about 5 feet above the vessel's main deck
40, as are the highest ones of the vertically spaced apart transfer
pipelines whose vertical spacing is about 21 inches. Alternatively,
the headers 26 may be disposed in two or more banks or tiers, as
previously noted.
The collecting manifolds 27 and 28 are disposed at a lower
elevation than the headers 26 to that an elbow-shaped or flexible
steel pipe connection piece 29 can be used to connect any of the
upwardly facing longitudinal header openings 60 to the open end of
its associated transverse header 26.
To connect with their respective transverse headers thereabove,
each of the transfer pipelines 23, 24, 25 below the level of the
transverse headers has a 90.degree. upward extension 23a, 24a, 25a,
respectively. The banks of headers 26 and pipelines 23, 24, 25 are
supported on the main deck 40 by suitable frame supports 59.
The collecting manifolds 27 and 28 further have several outboard
facing dockside connection openings 63, 64, respectively, each of
these having a standard dockside ASA 150 flange fitting 65 thereon,
and it will be understood that all of the header and manifold
openings 61, 62 and 65 remain capped, as by respective flange
plates 66 (FIG. 4) when not being employed to make a flow
connection. Although not specifically illustrated it will also be
understood that any open pipe end to which a shore or barge line
connection might be made, such as the ends 61 of the transverse
headers 26, the collecting manifold openings 62, 63 and 64, and the
ends of the transfer lines 23, 24 and 25 nearest the bow and stern
ends of the vessel 21, are fitted with standard ASA 150
flanges.
As previously mentioned, all of the transfer pipelines 23, 24, 25
have their respective shut-off valves 31, 32, and 33, and all of
the transverse headers 26 have their respective shut-off valves 36
at each end, and also between the transfer pipeline connection
points where more than one transfer pipeline is connected to the
header. These valves are all normally kept closed, and in such
condition all of their valve stem handwheels 70 will be disposed at
a common elevation as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. However, when
any valve is opened its handwheel 70 will be higher than the
others, as the handwheels 70a also shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and such
will afford visual display at the main deck of the flow connections
which have been made. Of course, any of these valves may be of an
automatic closing type, as previously mentioned.
So that every pipeline and header in the system 20 may be easily
and thoroughly cleaned and inspected, and referring briefly to FIG.
1, it will be noted that at the outer ends of each transfer
pipeline 23, 24, 25 (the ends thereof opposite those which connect
with the headers 26) are capped by removable flange covers 75 and,
referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, at their inner ends (those connected to
the transverse headers 26) are capped by removable flange covers or
end caps 76. Similarly, collecting manifolds 27 and 28 have
removable flange covers 77 covering their standard ASA 150 flange
fittings 78. Moreover, it will be noted that all of the pipelines
and headers are perfectly straight, excepting for expansion loops
as may be necessary. Thus, every pipeline and header can be cleaned
and inspected by removal of end plugs or end flanges or caps 47,
75, 76, or 77, as the case may be.
It will be noted that only standard pumps, valves, couplers and the
like, and no special machinery, are required in the system 20. The
system is therefore very reliable in operation and uncomplicated so
that no special training of personnel is required for its operation
or maintenance.
Thus, a multi-purpose pipeline system has been described which
achieves all of the objects of the invention.
* * * * *