U.S. patent number 3,925,653 [Application Number 05/434,965] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-09 for apparatus for transforming electronics signals between the time and frequency domains utilizing acoustic waves.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Jr. University. Invention is credited to Oberdan W. Otto.
United States Patent |
3,925,653 |
Otto |
December 9, 1975 |
Apparatus for transforming electronics signals between the time and
frequency domains utilizing acoustic waves
Abstract
Apparatus for transforming electronic signals between the time
domain and frequency domain in real time which comprises means for
mixing the signal to be transformed with a predetermined chirp
(variable frequency signal) in an acoustic wave convolver.
Inventors: |
Otto; Oberdan W. (Los Angeles,
CA) |
Assignee: |
The Board of Trustees of Leland
Stanford Jr. University (Stanford, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23726431 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/434,965 |
Filed: |
January 21, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
708/821; 333/154;
333/193; 324/76.22; 324/76.23 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06G
7/195 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06G
7/195 (20060101); G06G 7/00 (20060101); G06G
007/19 (); H01L 041/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;235/181,193 ;310/8.1
;324/77R,77B ;333/30,72 ;343/1CL ;340/15.5 ;181/101,102 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gruber; Felix D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fihe; Paul B.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal between the time
and frequency domain which comprises
means for generating a chirp signal,
means for mixing the electronic signal to be transformed with said
chirp signal,
a piezoelectric medium,
transducer means for applying said mixed chirp and electronic
signals to said piezoelectric medium to generate acoustic waves in
a fashion such that parametric interaction occurs,
means for detecting the parametrically-interacted signals, and
means for mixing the detected signal with said chirp signal.
2. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal according to
claim 1 wherein
said mixing means constitutes an electronic mixer separate from
said piezoelectric medium.
3. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal according to
claim 1 which comprises
means for time-inverting said chirp signal,
means for generating a c.w. radio frequency signal,
means for mixing the time-inverted chirp signal with the c.w.
signal, and
wherein
said transducer means includes a first transducer for applying the
mixed electronic signal and said chirp signal to one end of said
piezoelectric medium, and a second transducer for applying the
mixed inverted chirp signal and c.w. signal to the opposite end of
said piezoelectric medium so that the acoustic signals from said
transducers propagate in opposite directions.
4. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal according to
claim 1 wherein
said detector means constitutes a plate detector having a length
greater than that occupied by the signal to be transformed in said
piezoelectric medium.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the processing of electronic
signals and more particularly to apparatus for transforming signals
between the time and frequency domains through utilization of
acoustic waves.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has been observed that a Fresnel transformation takes the
mathematical form of convolution and moreover that initial
multiplication of a signal by a complex chirp, then a Fresnel
transformation, (convolution) and finally multiplication by a
complex chirp provides a Fourier transformation. For example, L.
Mertz has discussed this transformation relationship in
"Transformations in Optics" (Wiley 1965) at pages 83 and 94.
The operation of convolution (and correlation) has been carried out
through the parametric interaction of acoustic waves as explained
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,760,172 issued Sept. 18, 1973, to Calvin F.
Quate, and a large number of additional acoustic convolvers have
been developed such as described in the Otto article entitled
"Lithium-Niobate Silicon Surface Wave Convoluter" in ELECTRONICS
LETTERS, Volume 8, No. 24.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
It is the general objective of the present invention to provide
apparatus for transforming an electronic signal between the time
and frequency domain (e.g. Fourier transform) through utilization
of suitable signal mixing and acoustic wave convolution.
Such objective is achieved generally through the mixing of the
signal to be transformed with a complex chirp, thus to correspond
to the mathematical multiplication mentioned hereinabove. The
mixing means can take the form of a conventional electronic signal
mixer. The mixed signal can be applied through a suitable
transducer to generate an acoustic signal in a piezoelectric medium
arranged to provide a convolution operation equivalent to the
mentioned Fresnel transformation. Finally, means to provide a final
mixing of the convoluted output with a chirp produces the final
multiplication operation and the ultimate completed
transformation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The stated objective of the invention and the manner in which it is
achieved, as summarized hereinabove, will be more fully understood
by reference to the following detailed description of the exemplary
apparatus depicted in the accompanying drawing wherein the single
FIGURE constitutes a diagrammatic showing of electro-acoustic
apparatus for obtaining the Fourier Transform of an arbitrary
electronic signal.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF THE
INVENTION
As illustrated diagrammatically, the input modulated electronic
signal to be transformed at a R.F. frequency .omega., is delivered
to a conventional radio frequency mixer 14.
A tunable radio frequency chirp generator 12 is arranged to
generate a chirp signal at a frequency .omega.-.omega..sub.1
+.delta. with a linear frequency ramp which may extend over a
frequency range .delta. of 18 MHz and have an overall pulse length
sufficient to encompass the length of the input signal, and the
chirp signal is also delivered to the mixer 14 which performs the
electronic analogue of the mentioned multiplication and the mixed
signals are delivered at the sum frequency, .omega.+.delta., (e.g.
200 MHz) to an electro-acoustic interdigital transducer 18 on the
surface of a piezoelectric medium 16 so as to generate an acoustic
wave which travels to the right as viewed in the FIGURE. Such form
of transducer and acoustic wave generation are discussed in more
detail in U.S. Pat. application, Ser. No. 190,342 now U.S. Pat. No.
3,816,753, entitled "Parametric Acoustic Surface Wave Apparatus" to
which reference is made for such details.
The R.F. chirp signal is also delivered to a time inverter 20 which
essentially reverses the slope of its linear frequency ramp so that
the chirp frequency is now .omega.-.omega..sub.1 -.delta.. The time
inverter 20 may be an acoustic inverter as described in detail in
the mentioned U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 190,342.
Alternatively, the time inverted chirp may be generated by the
common technique of spectral inversion of the original chirp. The
inverted chirp is applied to another mixer 19 together with a
continuous radio frequency signal at .omega..sub.1, from a tunable
generator 21, to develop a mixed output at a frequency,
.omega.-.delta.. This mixed signal is then applied to the opposite
end of the piezoelectric medium 16 through another interdigital
transducer 22 so to generate an acoustic wave which travels to the
left as viewed in the FIGURE and because of such opposite direction
of travel, the R.F. chirps from the left and right transducers will
have equivalent configurations in the piezoelectric medium.
Frequency conservation and phase matching conditions between the
two acoustic signals are attained within the piezoelectric medium
16 so that parametric interaction occurs as explained in some
detail in the mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,760,172 and the acoustic
energy is extracted by an acoustic detector 24 in the form of
plates on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric medium
16 to provide the convolution of the two signals, which, in turn,
as previously mentioned, provides a Fresnel transformation. The
convolution operation provides addition of the basic radio
frequencies and because of the opposite signal propagation,
quadruples the chirp slope, thus providing an output signal at
2.omega.+4.delta.. The detector (plate) length is greater than the
length occupied by the signal so that the entire signal will
undergo the parametric interaction.
The final "multiplication" is provided by a mixer 28 that combines
the convoluted output at frequency 2.omega.+4.delta. with another
chirp which can, in the present instance, be readily obtained by
quadrupling the frequency with a conventional frequency quadrupler
26 of the generated R.F. input chirp mixed in another mixer 30 with
the continuous wave signal from the c.w. radio frequency generator
21 to provide a frequency 4.omega.+4.delta.. The output of the
mixer 28 is then the Fourier Transform of the input signal at a
frequency 2.omega. and it is to be particularly observed that such
output is obtained in real time.
Various modifications can obviously be made in the structure as
described to perform the necessary steps of chirp multiplication,
Fresnel transformation (convolution) and final chirp
multiplication. For example, the illustrated device utilized
acoustic surface waves and the operation can as well be carried out
with bulk acoustic waves as described in the mentioned U.S. Pat.
No. 3,760,172. Furthermore, any other form of acoustic convolver
can be utilized. Consequently, the foregoing description is not to
be considered as limiting and the actual scope of the invention is
only to be indicated by the appended claims.
* * * * *