U.S. patent number 3,924,834 [Application Number 05/382,615] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-09 for balustrade units.
Invention is credited to Charles G. Young.
United States Patent |
3,924,834 |
Young |
December 9, 1975 |
Balustrade units
Abstract
A unit for inclusion in a balustrade comprising a pair of rails
each having a pair of opposed flanges, and a plurality of balusters
each having adjacent each end a pair of transverse shoulders which
are engaged behind the flanges of one or other of rails by
inserting the end of the baluster between the flanges and rotating
the baluster through a predetermined angle.
Inventors: |
Young; Charles G. (Harbord, New
South Wales, AU) |
Family
ID: |
3765242 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/382,615 |
Filed: |
July 25, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
256/22;
256/59 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04F
11/181 (20130101); E04F 11/1844 (20130101); E04F
11/1853 (20130101); E04F 2011/1831 (20130101); E04F
2011/1827 (20130101); E04F 2011/1819 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04F
11/18 (20060101); E04H 017/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;256/21,22,24,59,65 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Taylor; Dennis L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Rothwell, Mion, Zinn &
Macpeak
Claims
I claim:
1. A balustrade unit comprising a pair of spaced apart channel
section members, the open faces of the members being directed
towards one another, the free edges of each of the members being
turned inwardly to form a pair of opposed longitudinally extending
flanges and a pair of longitudinally extending divergent resilient
wings provided in the base of the channel section members and
formed integrally therewith; a plurality of balusters extending
between the channel section members, each baluster being provided
adjacent each end with a pair of transverse shoulder, the balusters
each having one cross-sectional dimension adjacent each end smaller
than the distance between the opposed longitudinally extending
flanges such that the end can be inserted into the space between
the flanges of one of the said channel section members and can then
be rotated through a predetermined angle to engage the shoulders of
the baluster adjacent the said end with the inner surfaces of said
flanges and bring the end face into resilient engagement with said
engagement means of the associated channel section member; and a
spacing member extending between adjacent balusters, in
juxtaposition with at least one of the said channel section
members.
2. A balustrade unit as claimed in claim 1 including at least a
pair of newel posts connected to the ends and/or sides of the
balustrade unit.
3. A balustrade unit as claimed in claim 1 in which the balusters
are of H-shaped cross section.
4. A balustrade unit as claimed in claim 1 in which each spacing
member is of channel shape and fits resiliently between the flanges
of one of the channel section members to cover the open face
thereof between two adjacent balusters.
5. A balustrade unit as claimed in claim 1 in which the spacing
member comprises a panel of a sheet material extending between
adjacent balusters and being in juxtaposition with both of the
channel members.
6. A balustrade unit as claimed in claim 1 in which the balusters
are each provided adjacent each end with a pair of transverse slots
defining the said shoulders and a further pair of shoulders opposed
thereto, the further pair of shoulders engaging the outer surfaces
of the said flanges.
7. A balustrade unit as claimed in claim 2 in which the channel
members are provided adjacent each end with a pair of transverse
slots which engage with a pair of opposed flanges formed on the
newel post.
8. A balustrade unit as claimed in claim 2 in which the upper end
of the newel post extends above the level of the upper channel
sloped member and is connected to a hand rail extending parallel to
the channel shaped members.
Description
This invention relates to balustrade units which can be connected
to spaced newel posts to form a balustrade around verandahs,
balconies, bridges, stair wells, roof tops and the like, and to
balustrades so formed.
Balustrade units comprising at least upper and lower bars
interconnected by balusters, for installation around verandahs,
balconies, stair wells and the like, are well known and have been
fabricated from amny conventional materials such as iron, steel,
wood, aluminum and synthetic plastics materials by conventional
forming techniques such as welding, gluing, casting and similar
techniques. All of these conventional constructions have suffered
from the disadvantage that in order to ensure even spacing of the
balusters along the bars the balustrade units have had to be
manufactured individually in a factory or workshop for each
installation site. This procedure has necessitated considerable
manual labour to individually measure each installation site,
fabricate the bars to the appropriate dimensions and to then
interconnect the bars with evenly spaced balusters. The
interconnection of the bars has involved skilled labour in order to
form a joint or other connection between the bars and the balusters
at the prescribed position to ensure even spacing of the balusters.
The present invention is, by contrast, designed to provide standard
components which can be preformed in a factory or workshop and
which can be assembled at any desired site with a minimum of manual
labour.
The present invention resides in a balustrade unit comprising a
pair of spaced apart channel section members, the open faces of the
members being directed towards one another, and the free edges of
each of the members being turned inwardly to form a pair of opposed
longitudinally extending flanges; a plurality of balusters
extending between the bars, each baluster being provided adjacent
each end with a pair of transverse shoulders, the balusters each
being of such a cross-sectional shape adjacent each end that an end
thereof can be inserted into the space between the flanges of one
of the said members and can then be rotated through a predetermined
angle to engage the shoulders of the baluster adjacent the said end
with the inner surfaces of said flanges; and a spacing member
extending between adjacent balusters, in juxtaposition with at
least one of the said members.
As used throughout this specification the term balustrade unit
includes any unit for incorporation in a balustrade whether
horizontally disposed or sloping, and whether fixed to a substrate
or movable such as a sliding or swinging gate.
The components of the balustrade units are preferably formed of
extruded aluminum, however, any other suitable material could be
used such as galvanized steel, rolled formed aluminum or steel or a
synthetic plastics material. The components may be provided with
any desired surface finish e.g. they may be anodised, plated,
painted or sealed in known manners depending upon the material from
which the components have been fabricated.
The spacing members are preferably provided to cover the open face
of at least the lower channel shaped member to give the finished
balustrade unit a pleasant appearance; it is, however, more
preferable to provide spacing members covering the open faces of
both the upper and lower channel shaped members as this provides
more positive positioning of the balusters in the channel shaped
members.
The spacing members are preferably of such a shape, that they will
achieve a snap fit between the flanges of the channel shaped
members and will be retained in position by engagement with the
flanges. The spacing members preferably abut closely against the
balusters over their full width in order to present a pleasing
appearance and to prevent water ingress. It is, however, merely
necessary for practical purposes that the spacing members should
engage or closely juxtapose the balusters at some point in order to
maintain them in their correct relative positions.
The spacing member may comprise a panel of a sheet material such as
glass, a synthetic plastics material or wall board. In this
embodiment of the invention a neoprene, rubber or like seal iis
preferably provided about the panel for engagement with the
surrounding channel shaped members and balusters.
The balustrade units are preferably connected to newel posts along
their length and/or at their ends. The newel posts are preferably
removably affixed to the substrate upon which the balustrade is to
be erected, however, the newel posts may be permanently embedded in
the substrate if desired. In one embodiment the newel posts are
connected to the channel shaped members by L-shaped brackets while
in another embodiment the channel shaped members are provided
adjacent their ends with transverse shoulders which can be engaged
against the inner surface of opposed longitudinally extending
flanges on the newel post by positioning the end of the bar between
the flanges and rotating it through a predetermined angle to engage
the shoulders behind the flanges. If the latter construction is
employed it is desirable to provide a cover strip covering the
space between the opposed flanges above and below the channel
shaped members and therebetween to assist in retaining the
balustrade unit and the newel post in the desired spatial
relationship. The newel post itself may be interconnected with a
hand rail of channel shaped cross section by having adjacent its
upper end a pair of transverse shoulders which can be engaged
behind opposed flanges extending towards one another from the
longitudinally extending free edges of the hand rail by positioning
the newel post between the said flanges and rotating it through a
predetermined angle to effect the engagement.
Hereinafter given by way of example only are preferred embodiments
of the present invention described with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:-
FIG. 1 shows diagramatically a portion of a balustrade unit
according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the method of connection of the arrangement shown in
FIG. 1 to a newel post.
FIG. 3 shows a variation of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 in
which the spacing member is comprised by a panel of glazing.
FIG. 4 shows diagramatically a portion of a further balustrade unit
according to this invention and a further method of connecting the
balustrade unit to a newel post.
Throughout the drawings similar numbers are used to indicate
similar integers in the various embodiments of the invention.
The balustrade unit is made up of a pair of aluminum channel
members 10 and 10a interconnected by a plurality of aluminum
balusters, the balusters being, similar to baluster 11 shown
retained in position by spacing members 17, 17a.
Each of the channel members 10 and 10a comprises a base 12, 12a, a
pair of side walls 13, 13a and a pair of inturned flanges 14, 14a.
The base 12, 12a of the channel members 10, 10a are each provided
with a pair of longitudinally extending, upstanding resilient wings
15, 15a. The free edges of the flanges 14, 14a are chamfered off as
at 16, 16a to assist in the interconnection of the channel members
10 and 10a with the balusters 11.
Each baluster 11 is of H-shaped cross section comprising a pair of
side arms 19, 19a and a web 21 and is provided adjacent either end
with a pair of transverse slots 18, 18a which extend through the
full thickness of the side arms 19. The slots 18, 18a form
shoulders 20, 20a spaced from each end of the baluster 11 by a
distance slightly greater than the distance between the level of
the flanges 14, 14a of channel members 10 and 10a and the level of
the portion of the wings 15, 15a closest to the flanges 14, 14a.
The width of the slots 18, 18a is very slightly smaller than the
thickness of the flanges 14, 14a respectively.
The spacing members 17, 17a are also of channel shape in cross
section and are so dimensioned that the arms thereof can be clipped
between the flanges 14, 14a of the channel members 10, 10a. The
spacing members 17, 17a, are of such a length that they extend
between adjacent balusters 11 to maintain them in position,
relative to one another, between the channel members 10 and
10a.
The balustrade unit is assembled by arranging the channel members
10, 10a in parallel spaced apart array with the open faces of the
channel members facing one another. The balusters 11 are then, one
at a time, positioned with their ends projecting between flanges
14, 14a of the channel members 10, 10a with the web 21 extending
along the longitudinal axes of the channel members. The balusters
11 are then each rotated through 90.degree. until the web 21
extends transversely of the axes of the channel members 10, 10a and
the flanges 14, 14a engage respectively, in slots 18, 18a. The
dimensions of the channel members 10, 10a the dimensions of the
slots 18, 18a and the spacing of the slots 18, 18a from the
adjacent end of the baluster 11 are such that a tight interference
fit is obtained between the flanges 14, 14a and the opposed
shoulders of the slots 18, 18a and between the end portion of the
baluster 11 and the shoulder 20, 20a and the wings 15, 15a.
The spacing members 17, 17a are clipped in place against each of
the balusters 11 after it has been positioned and the next
succeeding baluster 11 is butted up against the already positioned
spacing members 17, 17a. The spacing members are so dimensioned
that when positioned between flanges 14 or 14a the free edges of
the flanges engage in longitudinal recesses 23 in the side arms of
the spacing members to lock them in position. The width of the
spacing members is such that it can fit between the inside surfaces
of the side arms 19, 19a of the balusters 11 and abut against the
web 21 to completely cover the open face of the channel members
between adjacent balusters 11.
The arrangement of FIG. 2 shows the means used to connect a newel
post 24 to a balustrade unit of the type shown in FIG. 1.
The newel post 24 is of substantially rectangular cross section
having a tubular body 25 and a pair of cranked flanges 26 extending
from one side thereof. At its lower end the newel post is anchored
to a substrate by wedges 27 which serve to clamp the newel post 24
to a boss 28. The bolt 29 serves to engage the wedges and cause
them to bear against the inside wall of the body 25 of the newel
post 24 and against the sides of the boss 28 as well as serving to
clamp the boss 28 to an expanding nut 30 positioned in a bore in
the substrate (not shown.)
The upper end of the newel post is closed by a cover 32 which is
held in place by a grub screw 33. L-shaped brackets 34 and 34a are
used to clamp the channel members 10 and 10a respectively to the
newel post 24. The brackets 34 and 34a are each clamped to the
newel post 24 by slides, of which only slide 35 is shown; the
slides engage behind the flanges 26 and the flanges 26 are clamped
between the brackets 34, 34a and the associated slide by allen
bolts 36 and 36a. The flanges 14 and 14a of channel members 10 and
10a are similarly clamped respectively between the brackets 34 and
34a and slides 37, 37a by bolts 38, 38a.
The spacing members 17, 17a are replaced in the embodiment of the
invention shown in FIG. 3 with a single sheet of reinforced glass
40. The sheet of glass 40 extends across the full width between
adjacent balusters 11 and across the full height between the upper
and lower channel members 10, 10a. The sheet of glass 40 is
supported between the side arms 19, 19a of each of the balusters 11
by a U-section neoprene moulding 41 which fits within the recess
formed between the side arms 19, 19a and the web 21 of the
baluster. The recess 39 in the moulding 41 resiliently receives the
sheet 40. A pair of substantially triangular neoprene mouldings 42,
42a are provided between the longitudinal free edges of the flanges
14, 14a of the channel members. Each moulding 42, 42a is provided
with a flat face in contact with the sheet of glass 40 which the
adjacent flange edge is received in a longitudinally extending
recess in the apex of the moulding opposite the said face. The
sheet of glass 40 rests on neoprene strips laid between the wings
15a of the lower channel member 10a.
The arrangement shown in FIG. 4 is essentially similar to that
shown in FIG. 2, however, alternative extrusion sections are used
for the channel members 10, 10a for the balusters 11 and for the
newel post 24 and a different method is used to interconnect the
channel members 10, 10a with the newel post 24. In this embodiment
of the invention the newel post 24 is positioned between individual
balustrade units and extends above the level of the balustrade unit
for connection to a hand rail 43.
The newel post 24 comprises a pair of back to back channel portions
44, 44a and each of which has a pair of inwardly extending
longitudinal flanges 45, 45a. Each of the channel members 10, 10a
is provided with a pair of transverse slots, as at 46, closely
adjacent each end thereof.
The channel members 10, 10a are connected to the newel post 24 by
positioning an end portion of a channel member between flanges 45
or 45a and rotating the channel member through 90.degree. to engage
the flange 45 or 45a in the slots 46. A cover strip 47 is
positioned to fill the space between flanges 45 or 45a above and
below each of the channel members 10, 10a. In an essentially
similar manner the newel post 24 is provided with slots 48 adjacent
its upper end which engage with the free edges 49 of the C-shaped
hand rail 43.
In use the newel posts 24 are first connected to the hand rail 43
at their correct spacings. One of the end sections of cover strip
47 is then positioned in each of the facing channel portions 44,
44a of the newel post 24 and the first channel members 10 or 10a is
then positioned between the newel posts. The next adjacent portions
of cover strip 47 are then placed, followed by the second channel
member 10a or 10 and then the remaining portions of cover strip.
The balusters 11 are positioned sequentially between the channel
members 10, 10a and the spacing thereof is controlled by spacing
members 17, 17a.
Using the arrangement according to this invention it is possible to
build up balustrades on-site using stock components. It is only
necessary for a workman to cut the channel section members and the
spacing members to size; this job can be done simply on-site
without the use of complicated machinery.
* * * * *