U.S. patent number 3,924,692 [Application Number 05/440,224] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-09 for fastener driving tool.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Illinois Tool Works Inc.. Invention is credited to Oliver Edward Saari.
United States Patent |
3,924,692 |
Saari |
December 9, 1975 |
Fastener driving tool
Abstract
A driving tool utilizing an electric motor to periodically
compress a spring and utilize the energy stored in the spring as
the force provided for an impact stroke with a ram. The force
allowing the ram to compress the spring is provided by mating
helicoidal cams each having a generally helical path surrounding
the ram axis followed by a sharp drop-off portion.
Inventors: |
Saari; Oliver Edward (Niles,
IL) |
Assignee: |
Illinois Tool Works Inc.
(Chicago, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23747934 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/440,224 |
Filed: |
February 6, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
173/117;
173/203 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25C
1/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25C
1/06 (20060101); B25C 1/00 (20060101); B25C
001/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;173/15,16,13,119,117,123,124,139,109 ;74/56,57
;267/124,129,137 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Abbott; Frank L.
Assistant Examiner: Pate, III; William F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Buckman; T. W. Beart; R. W.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a fastener driving tool, a housing, driving means mounted for
axial reciprocating movement therein, the driving means including
an elongate ram, guide shaft and a cup-shaped piston opening
rearwardly of the housing and the ram including a base portion
extending radially outwardly of both the guide shaft and the ram
and further including upstanding wall portions extending
longitudinally of the housing from the base portion, said piston
being located between the ram and guide shaft, seal means
positioned between the upstanding wall portion of the piston and
the associated inner periphery of the housing, a first helicoidal
cam means fixedly attached to the driving means so that the ram
extends coaxially through the cam means, a rotatable means for
actuating the driving means including a second helicoidal cam means
fixedly attached to a gear for rotation about the axis of the ram,
a bore extending through the actuating means and second helicoidal
cam to allow the ram to pass therethrough and create an impact
force on a fastener positioned beneath the cams, compressible
spring means in the housing to urge the driving means forwardly in
the housing toward the second cam means, the spring means
comprising a chamber at the rearmost extremity of the housing, a
predetermined volume of gas stored in the chamber, valve means in
the chamber to selectively vary the bias of the gas spring means on
the cup-shaped piston, a sleeve mounted in the chamber and
extending forwardly therein, coaxial with the guide shaft to
receive the guide shaft during the reciprocation of the driving
means in the housing, the housing also including shoulder means to
support the cup-shaped piston when the driving means is in its
forward position in the housing, resilient cushion means positioned
between the piston and the shoulder means to absorb the impact
shock of the driving means and thus prevent abutting cam surfaces
to impact each other, a drive shaft driven by a source of rotary
power located adjacent the housing, gear means operatively
connecting the drive shaft to the gear attached to the second
helicoidal cam means to transmit rotary motion to the actuating
means, the helicoidal cams including sharp drop-off portions which
allow the spring means to periodically drive the ram forwardly to
drive a fastener.
2. The driving tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein each
helicoidal cam means includes a helical surface extending
approximately 360.degree. about the axis of the ram, the sharp
drop-off portion of each cam means comprising a surface extending
generally parallel to the axis of the ram whereby the tool will
provide one driving stroke per revolution of the second helicoidal
cam.
3. The driving tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein the
helicoidal cam means include helical-like surfaces wherein the
slope of these surfaces decreases adjacent the drop-off portions of
the cam so that the axial displacement of the driving means
decreases as the spring approaches its maximum compression.
4. The driving tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein the source
of rotary power comprises an electric motor.
5. The driving tool in accordance with claim 4, wherein switch
means are interposed between the driving means and the source of
rotary power to cock the driving means in a position adjacent the
rearwardmost position of the driving means when the spring means is
near its maximum compression.
6. The driving tool in accordance with claim 5, wherein the switch
means comprises a pair of switches, a first switch being actuated
by means to open the electric circuit and stop the motor as the
guide shaft approaches its rearwardmost position in the housing, a
second switch operative to close the electric circuit and allow the
ram to be driven from a cocked position.
7. A driving tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein the internal
surfaces of the sleeve and the guide shaft form telescoping
noncircular cross-sectional configurations to prevent the driving
means from rotating about its axis as the actuating means forces it
rearwardly against the bias of the compressible spring means.
8. A driving tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein the driving
means and housing include cooperating keys and slots to prevent the
driving means from rotating as the actuating means forces the
driving means rearwardly against the bias of the compressible
spring means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Tools for driving fasteners, such as nails, staples or the like,
have been proposed which operate principally on a pneumatic power
source or cartridge activated power source. Pneumatic devices are
commonly used because such a device provides a lightweight, simple
tool which delivers energy sufficient to drive fasteners. However,
such a tool requires convenient sources of air pressure, such as
compressors and air hoses. The use of such a tool on a construction
site, for example, would be impractical.
Cartridge activated devices provide a high energy source for a
single shot tool but suffer from certain disadvantages centering on
the noise and cartridge disposal problems.
In addition to these prior art methods, electric operated tools
have been utilized in which a solenoid directly drives a ram which
in turn drives a fastener. This type of tool requires extremely
high current to operate a low power tool.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The driving tool of the subject invention allows electric power to
be fed into the tool more or less continuously and allows such
energy to be stored in a spring means. The spring provides the
actual driving force to seat a fastener when the spring is suddenly
allowed to release.
The spring is periodically compressed and released through the use
of coacting helicoidal cam elements one of which elements is
rotated about the axis of the ram and adapted to allow the ram to
pass through upon the release of the stored energy. A second cam
member is fixedly attached to the ram and restrained from rotary
motion so that the rotation of the first helicoidal cam causes the
ram to be forced in an axial direction compressing a spring until
the mating cam configuration allows the ram to be driven rapidly
under the stored energy of the spring through the rotatable
cam.
Other aspects of the invention include the provision of a cushion
to prevent the driving and driven cams from directly receiving the
high shock loads as the ram is driven under the energy stored by
the spring. Switching devices may also be included to de-energize
the electric motor when the spring has approached its maximum
compression. Additional switching means will then re-energize the
motor to drive the ram instantaneously.
The tool of the present invention will thus be capable of providing
relatively high driving energies in a simple tool and at a high
frequency and low electrical power requirement.
The above and other features and advantages will become apparent
from the following description when read in connection with the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view in partial section of a tool
forming one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial side elevational view similar to that of FIG. 1
showing the tool as the spring means is compressed.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken substantially along lines 3--3 of
FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the lines 4--4 of FIG.
1.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged elevational view in partial section of the
pair of coacting helicoidal cams used in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of the configuration of the
cam surface in an alternate embodiment of the cam devices.
FIGS. 7-9 are various schematic representations of the switching
mechanisms showing the various conditions capable as a result of
the limit switch.
FIG. 10 is a partial side elevational view of another embodiment of
the present invention showing an alternate spring mechanism.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 1, the
fastener driving tool 10 will be seen to include an electric motor
casing 12 and an actuator housing 14. Mounted axially within the
housing are a pair of mating helicoidal cams 16 and 18. The cam 16
will include a radially extending flange 36 above the cam surfaces
and a guide shaft 30 extending coaxially of the cam above the
flange. Extending in the opposite axial direction through the cam
surfaces is an elongate ram portion 40 adapted to drive
sequentially fed fasteners in a manner which will be described in
detail later herein. The lower cam portion 18 will be of a
substantially identical helicoidal shape and positioned to mate
with the helicoidal surfaces of the upper cam 16. Cam 18 will also
include an integral ring gear 20 surrounding the axis of the cam. A
bore 26 is formed through the axis of the cam and adapted to
receive the driving ram 40. Attention is directed to FIG. 5 for the
details of the coacting cam 16 and 18.
The upper cam 16 is continuously biased downwardly to the position
shown in FIG. 1. The coil spring 38 is interposed between the upper
portions of the housing and the flange 36 for this biasing
purpose.
Reference is again made to FIG. 5 as well as FIGS. 1 and 2 for a
general description of the operation of the tool. Each cam element
16 and 18 will include a generally helical surface extending
approximately 360.degree. about the central axis of the element
with the upper and lower extremities of the helical surface being
connected by sharp drop-off portions 17 and 19, respectively. The
drop-off portions will extend parallel to the central axis of the
cams and thus to the axis of the driving ram 40. As lower cam 18 is
rotated, and upper cam 16 restrained from rotation, the helical
mating surfaces on the cams will operate to force the upper cam 16
rearwardly of the housing compressing the spring 38. The latter
stage of this compression and relative positions at the cams is
shown clearly in FIG. 2. Further rotation of the lower cam from
that shown in FIG. 2 will allow the drop-off portions 17 and 19 to
become coplanar and at that instant the ram and upper cam will be
driven forcefully downwardly under the bias of the compressed
spring 38. Since the ram 40 extends through a bore in the lower cam
18, it will contact a fastener member 72 fed beneath the striker 42
on the extremity of the ram.
Since an important aspect in the operation of the tool is the
restraint from rotation of upper cam 16, the guide shaft 30 may be
provided with flats, such as 32, for mating telescopic association
with a complementary bore 34 in guide sleeve 28. Attention is
directed to FIGS. 1 and 4 for this relationship. The interaction of
the guide shaft 30 and guide sleeve 28 will allow the forces acting
on the upper cam to be essentially along the center line of the ram
and eliminate any possiblity of cocking as the spring is compressed
or released.
The source of power to compress the spring in the housing may
conveniently be provided by a conventional electric motor within
the casing 12. The output shaft 24 of the motor is connected to a
pinion 22 through a gear set 25. Upon actuation of the motor,
rotary power will be imparted to the lower cam 18 through the
interaction of the pinion 22 and the ring gear 20, which is
integrally connected to the cam. Cam portion 18 will also include a
sleeve portion extending axially forwardly for reception in a
cavity at the forward end of the housing 14. Suitable bearings 23
are interposed between this sleeve and the housing to permit free
rotation thereof.
Actuation of the electric motor 12 is initiated through a trigger
58 which in turn operates a switch 56. One of the features of the
invention is a switching arrangement which allows the ram 40 to be
retained in a cocked position for essentially instantaneous driving
upon the actuation of the trigger 58 by the operator. For this
purpose, attention is directed to FIGS. 1 and 7-9.
A pivot arm lever 50 is mounted adjacent the rear of the housing 14
with a terminal contact portion 52 aligned axially with the guide
shaft 30. The extremity of the pivot arm 50 opposite the contact
point 52 is adapted to contact a switch 54 which is normally
closed.
FIG. 7 represents the switch configuration during the portion of
the compression cycle immediately following impact stroke after the
actuation of the electric motor by the trigger 58 and switch 56.
The instantaneous position of the elements can be represented by
the condition shown in FIG. 1.
As the driving ram and associated camming surface reapproach the
condition of maximum compression of the spring rearwardly in the
housing, the upper extremity of the guide shaft 30 will open limit
switch 54 through the interaction of the pivot arm 50. This
switching condition is represented by FIG. 8 in which the circuit
is now completely open and electric motor thus de-energized. The
relative positions of the cams in this position can be represented
by that shown in FIG. 2. The switching condition of FIG. 8 and the
cam position of FIG. 2 now present a tool which is cocked under the
compression of the spring for essentially instantaneous driving
upon direction of the operator through trigger 58.
FIG. 9 shows switch 56 closed upon the actuation of trigger 58 and
indicates an instantaneous condition of the circuit after the
trigger has started the motor to slightly rotate the lower cam 20
from the position shown in FIG. 2 until the drop-off portions of
the cam are aligned. The immediate switch condition following the
condition shown in FIG. 9 would be that shown in FIG. 7 assuming
the operator releases the trigger. It should be understood that the
operator can affect continuous operation of the device by continued
activation of the trigger device 58.
The impact shock of the driving ram is prevented from being
absorbed by the camming surfaces themselves by a resilient annular
ring cushion 44 positioned beneath the flange 36 and a shoulder 46
mounted in the housing.
FIG. 10 shows an alternate embodiment of the power driving tool
which utilizes a compressible gas, such as air or the like, as the
spring means. The rearmost extremity of the housing 14a provides
the chamber for such a compressible gas. A cup-like piston 80 is
fixedly mounted to the upper cam 16a. The gas chamber is sealed by
suitable seal means 84 between the inner walls of the housing 14a
and the outer side walls of the piston 80. The piston may be
fixedly retained to the cam and guide shaft 30a by threaded
fastener means, such as 81 and 82. A valve 86 is provided for
selectively charging the chamber with the appropriate compressible
gas. This embodiment will thus allow the compressibility of the
spring to be conveniently varied. The upper cam portion may be
restrained from rotation through mating key and slot devices 86 and
88.
While the camming surfaces have been shown as true helices, it may
be advisable in certain conditions to provide a helical surface
which has a variable rise from the starting point of the helical
path to the termination point on the helical surface at the top of
the cam. FIG. 6 shows, in a graphical form, how such a cam may be
provided with a somewhat flattened surface 90 at the upper
extremities of the cam and a conventional rising portion 92 at the
beginning portions of the cam. Such a cam structure will enable the
torque required to compress the spring to be essentially constant
as the upper cam 16 reaches the point of maximum compression of the
spring. This will enable the power requirement from the electric
motor to remain substantially constant during all stages of
compression and will keep the maximum amperage required of the tool
to a minimum.
Thus, it is apparent that there has been provided, in accordance
with the invention, a power driving tool which operates with
electric power that satisfied the advantages set forth above. While
the invention has been described in conjunction with specific
embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives
modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in
the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is
intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and
variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the
appended claims.
* * * * *