U.S. patent number 3,924,613 [Application Number 05/491,691] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-09 for seat, particularly for motor vehicles.
Invention is credited to Armin Beck.
United States Patent |
3,924,613 |
Beck |
December 9, 1975 |
Seat, particularly for motor vehicles
Abstract
A seat, particularly for motor vehicles, which automatically
performs at adjustable time intervals, deformations of the seat pad
and the seat back-rest cooperating with a strap system, causing
changes in the sitting position so as to counteract fatigue
symptoms of the body, especially of the spinal column.
Inventors: |
Beck; Armin (8080
Furstenfeldbruck, DT) |
Family
ID: |
25765589 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/491,691 |
Filed: |
July 25, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
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Aug 1, 1973 [DT] |
|
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2339069 |
Aug 26, 1974 [DT] |
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2420446 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
601/149 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47C
7/467 (20130101); B60N 2/976 (20180201); B60N
2/914 (20180201); B60R 21/02 (20130101); B60N
2/66 (20130101); A61F 5/01 (20130101); B60R
22/26 (20130101); B60R 2021/022 (20130101); B60R
2021/0058 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
7/46 (20060101); A61F 5/01 (20060101); B60R
21/02 (20060101); B60N 2/44 (20060101); B60R
22/26 (20060101); B60R 21/00 (20060101); A61H
001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/32,33,63,24R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Trapp; Lawrence W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Woodhams, Blanchard and Flynn
Claims
I claim:
1. In a seat comprising at least one support surface having a
surface facing a user of said seat, the improvement comprising
means for producing a forward curvature of said support surface as
a function of time in a defined area of said support surface and at
a level of a specific portion of the user's spinal column abutting
on said support surface to physically flex said spinal column
adjacent said support surface and at least one shoulder strap for
holding the shoulders of said user in engagement with said support
surface.
2. An improved seat according to claim 1, including control means
for subjecting said shoulder strap to tension and releasing said
tension in order to hold the body of said user adjacent said
shoulders and to pull said user's shoulders backward against said
support surface of said seat.
3. An improved seat according to claim 2, wherein said means for
producing said forward curvature in said support surface of said
seat is arranged at a level of the lumbar spinal column of said
user and wherein said backward pulling of said shoulder strap and
the production of the forward curvature are coordinated in a
predetermined manner by said control means.
4. A seat according to claim 3, wherein said control means effects
a simultaneous backward pulling of said shoulder strap and said
forward curvature of said support surface.
5. An improved seat according to claim 2, wherein said control
means urges said support surface between the shoulder strap and at
the height of the shoulders forward at predetermined time intervals
to flex the thoracic spinal column.
6. An improved seat according to claim 2, including a deformable
seat pad, the deformations of which are caused by said control
means which coordinate the movements thereof with the movements of
the support surface.
7. An improved seat according to claim 1, wherein said strap can
function as a safety belt.
8. An improved seat according to claim 1, wherein said surface is
defined by resiliently expandable hollow bodies connected to a
hydraulic or pneumatic pressure medium source.
9. An improved seat according to claim 8, including a deformable
seat pad, the deformations of which are caused by said control
means which coordinate the movements thereof with the movements of
the support surface; and
wherein the cycle of deformations of the seat pad and of the
support surface cooperating with said strap is adjustable with
respect to its frequency, amplitude and sequence by means of said
control means.
10. An improved seat according to claim 9, wherein said control
means is a programmable control device.
11. An improved seat according to claim 10, wherein said control
device cooperating with said pressure source comprises a valve
assembly for distributing the pressure medium to the hollow body
devices and including a further valve assembly formed by relief
valves for the hollow body devices, and wherein said programmable
control device is a pulse generator and wherein both valve
assemblies are adapted to be electrically controlled by said pulse
generator with respect to the frequency, amplitude and sequence of
the deformation movements.
12. An improved seat according to claim 10, wherein said pulse
generator is provided with at least two exteriorly accessible
adjusting means for manual adjustment or readjustment of the
frequency and amplitude of the deformation movements.
13. An improved seat according to claim 10, wherein said pressure
source is a hydraulic pressure medium source, the outlet side of
said relief valve assembly being connected through tubing or piping
to an inlet side of said pressure medium source.
14. An improved seat according to claim 10, wherein said
programmable control device effects a control of the pressure of
said pressure medium source to cause the deformation movements of
said hollow body devices and is adapted to be varied by means of a
programmed timing switch assembly therein.
15. An improved seat according to claim 10, wherein said control
device is so designed that the deformation movements of the seat
pad and of the back rest are separately adjustable.
16. An improved seat according to claim 10, including two shoulder
straps and a lap strap, said lap strap being stiffened or formed as
a substantially rigid cross-member between said shoulder straps so
as to maintain the spacing therebetween, and being optionally
provided with a strap buckle.
17. An improved seat according to claim 16, wherein said
suspenderlike shoulder straps or lap strap are comprised of
upholstered loops.
18. An improved seat according to claim 2, wherein said support
surfaces include sensors operatively connected to said control
device for limiting the magnitude of deformation.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a seat particularly for motor vehicles.
It is generally known that extended periods of driving bring about
fatigue symptoms resulting from spinal troubles. Such spinal
troubles are known to occur after any extended period in a sitting
position and are generally caused by two factors:
1. FATIGUE DUE TO EXCESSIVE STRAIN ON INDIVIDUAL MOTION
SEGMENTS,
2. IMPAIRED SUPPLY OF THE INTERARTICULAR DISKS DUE TO LACK OF
MOVEMENT.
The interarticular disks are cushion-like pliable structures of a
fibrous and cartilaginous nature disposed between individual
vertebrae. As these disks do not contain any blood vessels, they
are dependent on humoral blood supply, as far as admitted by the
permeability of the tissue. This humoral blood supply can be
considerably improved by changes in the pressure load, i.e. by a
kind of "pumping effect" caused by movements particularly of the
spinal column.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known to any motorist that even orthopedically
well-designed seats are unable to prevent such fatigue phenomena
over more than a rather short period. That is because even the most
favourable sitting position cannot cause any movements, thus
inevitably causing fatigue, since the weight of the upper part of
the body is continually supported by the interarticular disks. Thus
for preventing the occurrence of fatigue, the position of the
spinal column should continually change, or the driver should
assume a substantially reclining position, which is obviously
impossible for the driver of a motor vehicle. It is an object of
the invention to provide an antifatigue seat adapted to change the
curvature of the spinal column of an occupant independent of any
action on the part of such occupant. To attain this object the
invention provides a seat comprising devices for causing the seat
to perform movements, and thus, deformations, at certain time
intervals so as to automatically bring about changes of the sitting
position. This results in the advantage that the seat transmits a
fatigue-reducing movement at certain time intervals to body
portions affected by the sitting position, without the aid of the
seat occupant.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention the seat is provided
with a shoulder strap for retaining the upper part of the body and
pulling it back against the back of the seat, and a device for
producing a forward curvature of the back-rest at the height of the
lumbar region of the spinal column. In this case it is particularly
advantageous if the backwards pulling action of the straps and the
forward-arching of the back rest are coordinated in a certain
manner, specifically, if the movements of the two devices occur
simultaneously. This leads to an expansion and compression of the
interarticulate disks resulting in a pumping action which has
particularly beneficial effects on the turgor, i.e. the interior
pressure and the strength of these tissues which in many motorists
already show signs of damage. In addition there occurs
simultaneously a mild massage of the back muscles effective to
counteract fatigue.
The shoulder straps are preferably designed as "suspender straps"
extending vertically or even slightly divergent downwards from the
shoulders, so that they do not interfere with breathing or with the
female breast. In this configuration the shoulder straps are
retained by a horizontal cross-strap which may be formed to serve
as an additional lap-strap. The cross-strap is preferably stiffened
so as to prevent the shoulder straps approaching each other and to
thus ensure the unhindered function of the thoracic organs. The
cross-strap may further be formed as a two- or four-point
buckle.
For further enhancing the movements of an occupant's spinal column
there may be provided a further device at the back rest between the
shoulder straps for urging the thoracic spinal column forwards at
certain time intervals. This results in an additional direction of
movement in a different plane.
Further there may be provided additional means for causing
deformation of the seat pad itself as well as further deformations
of the seat adapted to the needs of the particular occupant e.g.
for massageing individual organs .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following the invention will be described with reference to
several embodiments thereof showing further particulars and
advantages. In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a side elevation of a deformable seat provided with a
shoulder retaining strap,
FIG. 2 shows a top plan view of the seat of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 shows a side elevation corresponding to FIG. 1 of a deformed
seat comprising a pneumatic system for deforming the region of the
thoracic spinal column with simultaneous backpulling of the
shoulders,
FIG. 4 shows a side elevation corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 3 of a
deformed seat provided with a mechanical device for pulling the
shoulder straps backwards,
FIG. 5 a diagram of a program of the time intervals for the
continuous and alternating movement of the devices causing
deformation of the seat,
FIG. 6 shows in dotted lines the back rest of a seat including a
number of hollow body devices cooperating with a control device and
a pressure source in a second embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 7 shows diagrammatically the deformation sequence of the
hollow body devices shown in FIG. 6 with simultaneous backpulling
of the shoulders,
FIG. 8 a diagram corresponding to that of FIG. 7, but with a
different amplitude and frequency of the deformation movements of
the hollow bodies,
FIG. 9 shows a front elevation of the strap system for retaining
the shoulders in another embodiment,
FIG. 10 shows a front elevation of a person seated in front of the
back rest of a seat with the shoulder loops in raised position,
FIG. 11 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 10 with the shoulder
loops lowered to their operational position,
FIG. 12 shows a side elevation of the seat shown in FIG. 11,
FIG. 13 shows a front elevation of the back rest of a seat
including deformable hollow bodies provided with sensing means,
and
FIG. 14 shows a side elevation of the shoulder loops provided with
sensors.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5 there is shown, in FIGS. 1, 3,
and 4, a person occupying the seat according to the invention. In
order to avoid fatigue phenomena on motionless seat occupancy over
extended periods, the seat pad 6 and the back rest 3 are adapted to
be deformed by devices 1, 2, 5, and 7. The deformation device 2
serves for arching the back rest forwardly in the lumbar region.
The device 5 serves for urging the thoracic spinal column forwards,
while a further device simultaneously causes the strap 1 to be
pulled backwards in the direction of arrow 4 for retaining the
shoulders. Deformation of the seat pad 6 is effected by the device
7 acting on the thighs and the pelvis.
FIG. 2 shows the action of the device 5 on the thoracic spinal
column intermediately between the attachment points 8 of the
shoulder straps to the back rest for rounding the shoulders
backwards. A further embodiment of a device 11 acting on the
shoulder straps 10 and simultaneously on the thoracic spinal column
in the direction of arrow 12 is shown in FIG. 3. This device causes
deformation of the back rest and applies tension to the straps
10.
FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of a mechanical device 13 for
applying tension to the shoulder straps. This device 13 comprises a
shaft adapted to wind the shoulder strap wound thereon. There are
shown as well the hollow body devices 14 and 15, which are
comparable to those devices 5 and 2 of FIG. 1.
An example of a program for the various deformation movements of
the seat according to the invention at certain time intervals is
shown in a cyclic diagram in FIG. 5. Therein the sequence of the
movements is selected as follows: Deformation in the lumbar and
thoracic region with simultaneous backpulling of the shoulders
during a period 16 of 15 secs. duration. Decrease of these
deformations during the following period 17 of 15 secs. duration.
Backward movement of the pelvis with simultaneous lifting of the
thighs during a time interval 18 of 30 to 45 secs. duration. During
the following interval 19 the preceding deformations are reduced to
zero, whereupon a new cycle is started.
In a further embodiment of the seat according to the invention
shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, only the outline of the back rest 20 is
shown for a better understanding of the invention. The seat may be
a simple chair or it may be provided with upholstered seat pad and
back rest in the manner known from conventional vehicle and
aircraft seats. In order to avoid fatigue symptoms occurring after
extended periods of motionless sitting, this embodiment is also
provided, within the seating pad as well as in the back rest, with
devices for automatically effecting changes in the sitting
position.
According to the invention, the devices installed in the back rest
are formed by resiliently expansible hollow bodies 21, 22 and 23.
In this case there is provided for each shoulder region a hollow
body 21 of a corresponding size, further an elongate hollow body 22
extending symmetrically to the longitudinal center of the back rest
in the longitudinal direction of the back, and further a futher
hollow body 23 engaging the lumbar or pelvic region, each of said
hollow bodies being of a shape and size corresponding to the
respective body region. The seat pad may be constructed in a like
manner for acting on the thighs and/or on the pelvis of a seat
occupant.
In order to enable the hollow body devices to bring about changes
in the sitting position, they may be connected through pipes or
hoses to a pressure medium source of constant or variable pressure.
In the latter case, pressure variations are controlled in
accordance with a predetermined timing program. The hollow bodies
are supported at their rear sides, so that a pressure increase
causes them to be resiliently expanded in a forward direction. A
pressure decrease, possibly with controlled escape of the pressure
medium, causes the hollow bodies to automatically resume their
original configuration due to the resiliently expansible material
thereof.
Preferably a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure medium source 24
usually incorporated in a motor vehicle or aircraft, for example,
is employed for supplying the hollow bodies 21, 22 and 23. This
type of pressure medium source, however, has usually a constant
pressure. In this case the pressure medium is supplied to the
hollow bodies 21, 22 and 23 through an electrically controllable
distribution valve assembly 25 of a control device, and further
through piping or tubing 26. For further pressure control, the
hollow bodies are additionally connected to a further electrically
controllable valve assembly 27 of the control device, said valve
assembly consisting essentially of relief valves. Finally the
control device comprises a selectively programmed electrical pulse
generator 28 connected through leads 29 to the valve assemblies 25
and 27 for actuation thereof in accordance with electrical pulses
scanned off a program card inserted therein. The program of said
program card 30 may include all of the deformation movements of the
two shoulder devices 21, of the back rest device 22 and of the
lumbar device 23, as well as the sequence of the various
deformation movements and the control thereof with respect to
frequency and amplitude. Thus the entire sequence of the motion
cycle of the hollow body devices may be controlled in accordance
with a predetermined program by scanning a program card by means of
a timing switch assembly in a similar manner as in an electrically
controlled washing machine. The pulse generator 28 may also,
however, comprise exteriorly actuable adjusting means 31, 32 for
selecting the frequency and amplitude, respectively, so that the
frequency and amplitude are the same for all hollow body devices
during the motion cycle. On the other hand it is also possible to
adjust the frequency and amplitude for each hollow body
individually by means of individual adjusting means. Also the
apparatus may be so constructed that the deformation movements of
the seat pad and the back rest are separately adjustable.
The exit side of the valve assembly 27, which consists essentially
of electrically controllable relief valves, is connected via a tube
or pipe 33 to the intake side of the pressure medium source 24.
This connection, however, is only provided in case of a hydraulic
pressure medium being employed. If the employed pressure medium is
air, the pressure reduction in the hollow body devices is effected
by exhausting such air through the relief valves to the
atmosphere.
In order that the hollow body devices 21, 22 and 23 may exert their
full effect on the seat occupant for changing the curvature of his
spinal column, there is provided a strap system as a counter
support see FIG. 9. The strap system consists of two suspender-like
shoulder straps 34 extending vertically or slightly divergent
downwards from the shoulders along the front of the upper part of
the body, so as not to interfere with breathing or with the female
breast. In order to retain the straps 34 in this position they are
connected, at the height of the pelvis, to a lap strap 35. To
ensure the correct spacing of the shoulder straps 34, the portion
of the lap strap 35 extending between the shoulder straps is
stiffened or formed by a relatively rigid cross member 36. Possibly
the cross member 36 may be provided with a buckle 37, or it may be
designed as a two or four point buckle. The stiffened lap strap
portion or member 36 prevents the shoulder straps' approaching each
other so as to ensure unimpeded functioning of the thoracic organs.
According to the invention, there is additionally provided a device
acting on the shoulder straps so as to exert a backward pull on the
shoulders during the deformation movement cycle for rounding the
shoulders backwards. The strap system may be omitted, however, in a
seat intended for a backwards reclining position such as in a
television chair.
The timing sequence of the deformation movements of the back rest
of a seat under the control of a complete program card 30 through
the above described control device is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 in the
form of a half-wave along a time line substantially corresponding
to one movement cycle the duration of which has been selected as
being 10 minutes. The apex height of the half-waves represents the
amplitude of the respective movements of the hollow body devices.
In this diagram, the lumbar hollow body has been designated L, the
back hollow body R, the hollow body, or bodies, respectively, for
applying tension to the shoulder straps G and the shoulder hollow
bodies, S. In the programmed sequence shown in FIG. 7, the first
hollow body to be deformed is the hollow body L engaging the lumbar
region, followed after an interval of one minute by the sequential
deformation of the back hollow body R and the shoulder hollow
bodies S, with intermediately superimposed tensioning of the
shoulder straps by means of the hollow body G for pulling the
shoulders backwards. The deformation movements of the four hollow
body devices all have the same frequency and amplitude. If the
pulse generator is equipped with adjustment means for the frequency
and amplitude of the movements of the various hollow body devices,
the frequencies and amplitudes during one movement cycle of the
hollow bodies may be different for each one thereof, as shown in
FIG. 7 by dotted lines.
FIG. 8 shows a corresponding diagram of a movement cycle of the
four hollow body devices with a different sequence of the
deformations. The frequencies and amplitudes of the deformations
are again identical, although different from those of the preceding
example. Deformation of the shoulder strap hollow body G occurs
simultaneously with that of the back hollow body R. Also in this
example, the frequencies and amplitudes of the various deformation
movements within one movement cycle may be adjusted to different
levels by suitable arrangement and programming of the pulse
generator.
In the FIGS. 10 - 12 there is shown a further embodiment of the
seat according to the invention. This seat is preferably used
stationary. The suspender-like shoulder straps or lap straps from
the foregoing embodiments are replaced by upholstered loops 38 and
39. While in FIG. 10 these loops are shown in their raised
position, they are shown in FIG. 11 in their lowered, operational
position. If the shoulder loops are arranged in their raised
position as shown in FIG. 10, they may easily be twisted or tilted
in whatever direction. In FIG. 12 a side elevation of the seat in
question is shown. The arrow 41 shows the direction in which the
shoulder loops are lowered from their raised position into their
operational position. Furthermore, there is shown a pelvis loop 40
which is movable from its inoperational position shown in FIG. 12
in the direction of the arrow 42 into its operational, tight
position. This pelvis loop may be upholstered as well.
In FIG. 13 a seat is shown similar to that shown in FIG. 6 with the
one difference that the deformable hollow bodies 43, 44 and 45 are
provided with sensing means 46. These sensing means are connected
via sensing lines 47 to the electrical pulse generator 28. The
sensing means will measure the pressure which is exerted either by
the body of the sitting person or by the pressure within the hollow
body devices and will send a signal back to the electrical pulse
generator in order to limit or to lower the pressure exerted. The
sensing means 46 may be regular art like they are sold for similar
purposes. According to the kind of sensing means, the sensing lines
might be electrical wires or fluid pipes. The signals coming from
these sensing lines will be converted into convenient impulses
which will cause reactions up to the pressure within the hollow
body devices.
In FIG. 14 a shoulder loop 48 is shown which is provided with a
sensor 49 which reacts in the same manner as those sensors 46 shown
in FIG. 13. These sensors 49 are also connected by not shown
sensing lines to the electrical pulse generator.
* * * * *