U.S. patent number 3,924,599 [Application Number 05/516,168] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-09 for air gun mechanism arrangement including trigger safety.
This patent grant is currently assigned to L & R Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to William D. Hammond.
United States Patent |
3,924,599 |
Hammond |
December 9, 1975 |
Air gun mechanism arrangement including trigger safety
Abstract
An improved air operated gun mechanism in which the transfer rod
which moves a projectile into a position to be fired and the
plunger, acting as a piston in a cylinder connected to the transfer
rod are independently movable and actuated. The transfer rod is in
sealing engagement with the pad holding the projectile to be fired
and is restrained in such a position during firing of the
projectile. The plunger, moving as a piston, compresses air in
front of it which air exits through the transfer rod to propel the
projectile. All air thus compressed is forced to exit through the
transfer rod providing a high degree of efficiency. A safety is
incorporated to prevent actuating the trigger unless the safety is
in the OFF position. The safety mechanism and trigger are
operatively interconnected and cooperate with the cocking mechanism
to ensure that, regardless of the position of the safety, each time
the gun is cocked the safety is moved to the safe position.
Inventors: |
Hammond; William D. (San Juan
Capistrano, CA) |
Assignee: |
L & R Industries, Inc.
(Torrance, CA)
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Family
ID: |
27001670 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/516,168 |
Filed: |
October 21, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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362421 |
May 21, 1973 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
124/67; 124/40;
124/44.7; 124/50 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41B
11/648 (20130101); F41A 17/48 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41A
17/00 (20060101); F41B 11/00 (20060101); F41A
17/48 (20060101); F41B 11/22 (20060101); F41B
011/00 (); F41C 017/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;124/15,40,41,45,49,50 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Apley; Richard J.
Assistant Examiner: Stouffer; R. T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Finkelstein; Don B.
Parent Case Text
This is a division of application Ser. No. 362,421, filed May 21,
1973.
Claims
I claim:
1. An air operated gun mechanism comprising, in combination:
a housing;
a compression tube means slidably mounted in said housing for
reciprocating motion between a firing position and a retracted
position, and having a forward end having first walls defining an
air passage aperture;
a plunger means slidably mounted in said housing for reciprocating
motion between a firing position and a retracted position, and said
plunger means having a forward position slidably mounted in said
compression tube means and having a predetermined frictional force
therebetween, and said forward portion adjacent said forward end of
said compression tube means for the condition of said plunger means
and said compression tune means in said firing position thereof,
and said compression tube means free of air passageways
communicating with regions extenal thereof other than said air
passage aperture intermediate said forward end of said compression
tube means and said forward end of said plunger means;
cocking means movably mounted in said housing for moving said
plunger means from said firing position to said retracted position
by movement of said cocking means in a first direction, and said
predetermined frictional force between said plunger means and said
compression tube means being of such magnitude that when said
plunger means is moved by said cocking means from said firing
position of said plunger means to said retracted position thereof,
said friction force moves said compression tube means from said
firing position thereof to said retracted position thereof with
said compression tube means free of engagement with said cocking
means for said movement between said firing position of said
compression tube means and said retracted position thereof, and
said cocking means moving said compression tube means from said
retracted position to said firing position by movement of said
cocking means in a second direction opposite said first
direction;
spring means for resiliently resisting movement of said plunger
means from said firing position to said retracted position, and
said spring means in a compressed condition for the condition of
said plunger means in said retracted position, and said spring
means extendable to an extended position to drive said plunger
means from said retracted position to said firing position;
trigger means manually actuable for releasably holding said plunger
means in said retracted position thereof to releasably hold said
spring means in said compressed condition thereof, and actuating
said trigger means releases said spring means to drive said plunger
means into said firing position thereof, and said movment of said
cocking means in said second direction moves said compression tube
means into said firing position thereof free of spring forces
thereon by said spring means;
projectile holding means on said housing means for holding a
projectile to be fired adjacent said air passage aperture to said
compression tube for the condition of said compression tube in said
firing position, and
safety means movably mounted on said housing and operatively
engaging said trigger means and manually movable from a safety
position preventing trigger means actuation to a released position
allowing trigger means actuation.
2. The arrangement defined in claim 1 wherein:
said cocking means engages said compression tube means to restrain
said compression tube means in said firing position thereof.
3. The arrangement defined in claim 2 wherein said compression tube
means further comprises:
transfer rod means for positioning the projectile to be fired in
said projectile holding means for movment of said compression tube
means from said retracted position to said firing position
thereof.
4. An air operated gun mechanism comprising, in combination;
a housing comprising;
first walls defining a cylindrical chamber having a first end and a
second end;
second walls defining a track means spaced from and in parallel
relationship to said cylindrical chamber and having a first end in
regions adjacent said first end of said cylinder chamber and a
second end spaced from said first end;
third walls defining a trigger means accepting cavity adjacent said
first ends of said cylindrical chamber and said track means;
fourth walls defining a detent means in said cylindrical chamber
intermediate said first end and said second end thereof;
fifth walls defining a projectile feed cavity communicating with
said second end of said cylindrical chamber; and
sixth walls defining a projectile holding cavity communicating with
said projectile feed cavity;
compression tube means slidably mounted in said cylindrical chamber
for reciprocating motion between said second end and said detent,
and said compression tube means comprising:
a tubular body member having a forward end in regions adjacent said
second end of said cylindrical chamber;
a back end adjacent said track means in regions adjacent said
detent, and said back end engaging said detent to stop movement of
said compression tube towards said first end of said cylindrical
chamber;
a transfer rod having walls defining an air passage aperature
therethrough coupled to said forward end of said tubular body
member;
and said compression tube means movable from a firing position
wherein said forward end of said tubular body member is adjacent
said second end of said cylindrical chamber and said transfer rod
is adjacent said projectile holding cavity, and a retracted
position wherein said back end of said tubular body member is
adjacent said detent and said transfer rod is positioned in said
projectile feed cavity, whereby said transfer rod moves a
projectile to be fired from said projectile feed cavity into said
projectile holding cavity for the condition of movement of said
compression means from said retracted position to said firing
position;
a plunger means slidably mounted in said cylindrical chamber for
reciprocating motion therein and comprising:
a stem member having a forward end slidably mounted in said
compression tube and having a predetermined frictional force
therebetween for substantially air tight reciprocating motion
therein;
tab means coupled to said stem member and adjacent said track
means;
and said plunger means movable from a firing position wherein said
forward end of said stem means is adjacent said forward end of said
compression tube means, and a retracted position wherein said
forward end of said stem member is spaced from said forward end of
said compression tube means, whereby air is compressed in said
compression tube means for the condition of said plunger means
moving from said retracted position to said firing position, and
compressed air is expelled through said transfer rod to propel the
projectile to be fired from said projectile holding cavity, and
said predetermined frictional force between said plunger means and
said compression tube means moves said compression tube means from
said firing position to said retracted position for the condition
of movment of said plunger means from said firing position to said
retracted position thereof, and said compression tube means free of
air passage apertures communicating with regions external said
compression tube means other than said aperture in said transfer
rod in regions forward of said forward end of said plunger
means;
spring means intermediate said plunger means and said housing for
resiliently resisting movement of said plunger means from said
firing position to said retracted position and driving said plunger
means from said retracted position to said firing position;
cocking means slidably mounted in said track means and said cocking
means comprising:
a first portion for engaging said tab means on said stem member of
said plunger means for movement of said cocking means towards said
first end of said track means to move said plunger means to said
retracted position thereof;
a second poriton for engaging said back end of said body member of
said compression tube means for movement of said cocking means
toward said second end of said track means to move said comression
tube means from said retracted position to said firing position
thereof;
trigger means mounted in said trigger receiving cavity of said
housing and comprising:
a sear means for engaging said plunger means to detachably hold
said plunger means in said retracted position thereof;
a trigger lever operatively engaging said sear means and manually
actuatable to move said sear means from said detachably holding
engagement with said plunger means and to relese said plunger means
for the condition of acutation of said trigger lever; and
safety means movably mounted on said housing adjacent said trigger
means receiving cavity and manually movable from said safety
position in locking engagement with said trigger lever to prevent
said trigger actuation to a released position free of said locking
engagment with said trigger elever.
5. The arrangement defined in claim 4 wherein said safety means
further comprises:
a safety lever;
an overcenter spring means between said trigger lever and said
safety lever for biasing said safety lever both in said safety
position and said released position and yieldingly resisting
movement of said safety lever therebetween, said overcenter spring
means moving said safety lever from said released position to said
safety position for the condition of actuation of said trigger
means.
6. The arrangement defined in claim 5 wherein:
said sear means overlies said track means;
said tab means on said plunger means engages said sear means for
movement of said plunger means into said retracted position thereof
to actuate said trigger lever, whereby said safety lever is biased
by said overcenter spring means into said safety position.
7. The arrangement defined in claim 6 wherein said safety lever
further comprises:
an arm portion overlying said track means intermediate said sear
means and said sedcond end of said track means for the condition of
said safety lever in said safety position thereof, and said tab
means on said plunger means engaging said arm on said safety lever
for movement of said plunger means into said retracted position to
move said safety lever against said overcenter spring means from
said safety position to a position free of said locking engagement
with said trigger lever, whereby further movement of said plunger
means towards said first end of said cylindrical chamber to provide
said engagement of said tab means with said sear means to provide
said actuation of said trigger lever.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the weapons art and more particularly to
an improved air operated gun mechanism.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Air operated guns and the mechanisms therefor have long been known
and utilized. In general such mechanisms for air operated guns are
powered by a spring which is compressed by manual actuation of the
mechanism and retained in the compressed position until the gun is
to be fired. When the gun is fired the spring drives a plunger-type
mechanism which, acting in a manner similar to a piston compresses
air during its powered movement under the influence of the spring.
The compressed air exits through a comparatively small aperture
adjacent to the projectile to be fired. The force of the compressed
air acting on the projectile fires the projectile. Many such
mechanisms also incorporate a transfer rod, particularly those
utilized in repeater-type air operated guns, for positioning the
projectile to be fired prior to actuation of the trigger mechanism
for releasing the plunger. However, many prior art air gun
mechanisms incorporated the transfer rod as part of the plunger
mechanism and therefore the transfer rod was not positionable
independently of the plunger. Examples of such devices are shown in
U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,766,179; 1,323,640 and 2,196,732. By coupling the
transfer rod directly to the plunger it very often was difficult to
position accurately the pellet to be fired and, further, such a
construction did not lend itself to providing a high efficiency
whereby virtually all the air compressed by the plunger was
utilized to propel the projectile.
In U.S. Pat. No. 2,151,676 the transfer rod for feeding the pellet
is movable but not independently of the plunger. Other patents such
as U.S. Pat. No. 1,477,770; 2,194,142 and 2,630,795 all show
various types of air operated gun mechanisms. However, none of the
above-mentioned patents show the independent positioning of the
transfer rod and the substantially air tight sealing of the
mechanism so that virtually all the air compressed is utilized to
propel the projectile.
Further, in general none of the above-mentioned prior art patents
illustrate a safety mechanism for the gun that prevents trigger
actuation except when the safety mechanism has been manually moved
to the release position.
Additionally, none of the above-mentioned prior art patents show a
structure that allows repeating action, firing of projectiles such
as "BB"s and single shot firing of projectiles such as darts and/or
pellets.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved air operated gun mechanism.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an air
operated gun mechanism in which substantially all the air
compressed during firing of the gun is effectively utilized to
propel the projectile.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an air
operated gun mechanism in which the transfer rod for positioning
the projectile to be fired may be moved independently of the
plunger utilized to compress the air for firing the projectile.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a
safety mechanism associated with the trigger mechanism which
requires manual activation from the safety to a release position to
allow trigger actuation and firing of the gun and which is always
automatically put into the safety position each time the gun is
cocked.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an air
operated gun mechanism that allows repeating action firing of
projectiles such as "BB"s and single action firing of projectiles
such as darts and/or pellets.
The above and other objects of the present invention may be
effectively utilized in air operated gun mechanisms of either the
rifle or pistol type. Therefore, the preferred embodiment of the
present invention, for generality, describes and illustrates the
present invention as utilized in a repeating rifle. However, it is
apparent that the same mechanism may equally well be utilized in a
single shot rifle, in pistols and in virtually any type of air
operated gun.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention, as incorporated
in a repeating rifle, generally is provided with a housing having a
generally cylindrical aperture therein. A compression tube means
slidably mounted in the cylindrical aperture adjacent the forward
end thereof and moves reciprocatingly in axial directions therein.
The compression tube has a tubular body member and the forward end
of the tubular body member is provided with an axially aligned
transfer rod coupled thereto extending forwardly therefrom. The
transfer rod is also tubular and, in a firing position of the
compression tube the forward end of the transfer rod is in
substantially air tight sealing engagement with a resilient
projectile holding pad. The projectile to be fired is positioned in
an aperture in the resilient projectile holding pad and the forward
end of the transfer rod is in substantially air tight sealing
engagement in the firing position with the walls defining the
aperture in the pad. A plunger means is also slidably mounted in
the cylindrical chamber of the housing and the forward end of the
plunger means projects into the tubular body member of the
compression tube and is in substantially air tight sliding sealing
engagement therewith with a predetermined frictional force
therebetween. A spring means is intermediate the housing and the
plunger for resiliently resisting movement of the plunger away from
the forward end of the compression tube and providing driving force
for driving a plunger in the compression tube when the gun is
fired.
A cocking means is provided and is movably mounted with respect to
the compression tube and plunger means for moving the plunger
against the spring. A trigger means including a sear is also
provided to restrain the plunger means when the spring has been
compressed after a predetermined travel of the plunger means. The
predetermined frictional force between the plunger means and the
compression tube moves the compression tube into the retracted
position thereof during the movement of the plunger means against
the spring. When the cocking means is moved forwardly it engages
the compression tube and moves it relative to the restrained
plunger into the firing position. During the time period when the
compression tube is in the retracted position, in a repetitive
firing gun utilizing the present invention projectiles move, under
the force of gravity, from a projectile storage chamber into a
projectile feed chamber adjacent to the forward end of the transfer
rod. When the compression tube and the transfer rod is moved
forwardly by the cocking means into the firing position the
transfer rod moves the projectile into the resilient projectile
holding pad and the end of the transfer rod is in substantially air
tight sealing engagement with the resilient projectile holding pad
and axially aligned with the projectile to be fired therein. The
only opening into the compression tube is through the transfer
rod.
When the trigger is actuated the sear releases the plunger and the
spring drives the plunger in the compression tube compressing air
in front of it during such movement. The only exit for the air from
the compression tube is through the tubular transfer rod and the
air thus propels the projectile through the barrel of the gun for
firing the projectile.
Single shot firing of projectiles such as darts or pellets may also
be accomplished by manually placing such projectiles into a
resilient barrel pad in the barrel adjacent the projectile holding
pad.
A safety means is incorporated adjacent to the trigger means and
prevents trigger actuation when in the safety position. The cocking
lever moves the safety means and the trigger mechanism during the
compression of the spring to provide that after the spring is
compressed and restrained by the sear the safety lever is always in
the safe position regardless of whether it was in the safe or
released position at the beginning of the cocking motion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other embodiments of the present invention may be
more fully understood from the following detailed description taken
together with the accompanying drawings wherein similar reference
characters refer to similar elements throughout and in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a preferred embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view thereof;
FIG. 3 illustrates the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 when the
embodiment is being cocked;
FIG. 4A and 4B is a sectional view along the line 4--4 of FIG.
2;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating the trigger mechanism and
safety mechanism in the release position thereof for firing
actuation of the trigger mechanism; and
FIG. 6 is a sectional view along the lines 6--6 of FIG. 4B.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As noted above the present invention may be utilized in air-powered
rifles, pistols or any other type of gun. However, for generality
in order to explain the principles of operation of the present
invention the preferred embodiment described herein illustrates the
utilization of the improved air-operated gun mechanism in a
repeating rifle. However, such illustration and description is not
limiting to the invention.
Referring now to the drawings there is illustrated in FIG. 1 and
FIG. 2 a preferred embodiment of the present invention, generally
designated 10 as incorporated in a repeating rifle of the type
adapted to fire repetitively projectiles such as BBs, and to fire
single shots, non-repetitively, pellets and darts. The rifle 10 is
generally comprised of the barrel means 12 having a forward sight
14 and a rear sight 16. The rear sight 16 is mounted on a barrel
housing means 18 which, in the preferred embodiment 10 is comprised
of right hand barrel housing 18a and left hand barrel housing 18b
split along center plane 20. The forearm 22 is also comprised of a
left hand forearm 22a and a right hand forearm 22b split along the
center plane 20.
A main housing 24 is provided and is also, in the preferred
embodiment 10, split into a left and housing 24a and a right hand
housing 24b which are divided along the center plane 20. A stock 26
is also split along the center plane 20 into the right hand stock
26a and a left hand stock 26b.
A fill door 28 is provided in the main housing 24 which permits
filling a predetermined number of BB projectiles in the embodiment
10, as described below in greater detail. A trigger means 30 for
firing the rifle 10, as described below in greater detail, is also
provided as is a safety means 32.
The embodiment 10 is cocked by rotating the barrel means 12, barrel
housing 18 and forearm 22 about main pivot pin 34 that extends
through the stock 26 and main housing 24. Cocking is illustrated in
FIG. 3 wherein it is shown that rotation of the barrel 12 in the
direction indicated by the arrow 36 moves a push rod 38 having a
first end 38a pivotally coupled to the barrel housing 18 and a
second end 38b, as explained below in greater detail, slidably
mounted in the main housing 24. During such cocking motion the
second end 38b moves in the barrel housing 24 in the direction
indicated by the arrow 40. The push rod 38 is also provided with a
latch means 42 that provides latching of the push rod 38 to the
main pivot pin 34 when the rifle 10 is in the closed position as
illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2. FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate a sectional
view along the line 4--4 of FIG. 2 in which, as shown on FIG. 2 is
along the center plane 20.
As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B the housing 24 is provided with first
walls 44 defining a cylindrical chamber 46 having a first end 48
and a second end 50. The cylindrical chamber 46 has a first portion
52 adjacent the second end 50 thereof that has a larger diameter
than a second portion 52 adjacent the first end 48 thereof.
The housing 24 is also provided with second walls 54 defining a
track means 56 having a first end 58 in regions adjacent the first
end 48 of the cylindrical chamber 46 and a second end 60 spaced a
preselected distance from the first end 58 thereof. The track means
56 is spaced from and substantially parallel to the cylindrical
chamber 46.
Third walls 62 are provided in the housing 24 to define a trigger
means accepting cavity adjacent the first end 48 of the cylindrical
chamber 46 and the first end 58 of the track means 56.
Fourth walls 64 are provided in the cylindrical chamber 46 defining
a detent means spaced from the first end 48 of the cylindrical
chamber 46 and intermediate the first end 48 and second end 50
thereof.
In the embodiment 10, as noted above, the present invention is
illustrated in the repeating rifle embodiment adapted to
repetitively fire projectiles such as BBs. Accordingly, fifth walls
66 are provided in the housing 24 to define a projectile feed
cavity 68 communicating with the first end 50 of the cylindrical
chamber 46. The projectile feed cavity 68 is proportioned to allow
singular feed of the preselected projectiles, such as BBs
therethrough. That is, only a single BB at a time may pass
therethrough.
Sixth walls 70 are provided in the housing 24 to define a
projectile holding cavity 72 communicating with the projectile feed
cavity 68. A projectile holding means 74 is positioned in the
projectile holding cavity 72 and comprises a resilient pad means.
The resilient pad means 74 has walls 76 defining a projectile
holding aperture therethrough for holding a projectile to be fired
resiliently therein. As explained below in greater detail, the
projectile to be fired 78 is moved from the position shown in FIG.
4B at 80 from the projectile feed cavity 68 into its resiliently
held position indicated at 78 in the projectile receiving aperture
76 of the resilient pad means 74.
In order to provide repetitive feeding of projectiles the housing
24 is provided with seventh walls 82 defining a projectile storage
chamber 84 communicating with the projectile feed cavity 68 and
having a neck portion 86 therebetween and the neck portion 86 is
proportioned to allow singular feed of the projectiles from the
projectile storage cavity 84 into the projectile feed cavity 68.
Projectiles may be fed into the projectile storage cavity 84 by
rotating the feed door 28 in the direction indicated by the arrow
86 against release spring 88 and pouring the projectiles into the
opening thus provided. The resilient action of the release spring
88 automatically closes the door 28 when the desired number of
projectiles has been stored in the projectile storage chamber
84.
A compression tube means 90 is slidably mounted in the first
portion 50 of the cylindrical chamber 46 for reciprocating motion
therein in axial directions indicated by the arrows 40 and 41. The
compression tube 90 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow
40 until it engages the detent 64 wherein it is in a retracted
position and in the direction indicated by the arrow 41 until it
engages the second end 50, which is the position illustrated in
FIGS. 4A and 4B, where it is in the firing position thereof.
The compression tube means 90 is generally comprised of a tubular
body member 92 having a forward end 94 in regions adjacent the
second end 50 of the cylindrical chamber 46 and a back end 96 in
regions adjacent the detent 64. Thus, the detent 64 engages the
back end 96 of the compression tube 90 to stop the motion thereof
in the direction indicated by the arrow 40 towards the first end 48
of the cylindrical chamber 46. A tubular transfer rod 98 is coupled
to the forward end 94 of the compression tube 90 and has walls 100
defining an air passageway 102 therethrough. The air passageway 102
communicates with the cylinder 104 defined by the tubular body
member 90. In the embodiment 10 the transfer rod means 98 is
coupled to the forward end 94 of the compression tube means 90 by a
resilient pad 106 and the transfer rod means 98 has a forward
portion 108 extending forwardly of the forward end 94 of the
tubular body member 92. The air passageway 102 is axially aligned
with the projectile receiving aperture 76 in the resilient
projectile holding pad means 74 and, for the compression tube means
90 in the firing position shown in FIG. 4B the forward end 98a of
the transfer rod 98 is in substantially air tight sealing
relationship with the projectile receiving aperture 76 in the
resilient pad means 74. When the compression tube means 90 is moved
from the firing position shown in FIG. 4A and 4B in the direction
indicated by the arrow 40 to the retracted position wherein the
back end 96 of the tubular body member 92 is in engagement with the
detent 64 the first or forward end 98a of the transfer rod 98 is
moved free of the resilient pad means 74 and is adjacent the back
wall portion 66a of the wall 66 defining the projectile feed
chamber 68 to allow movement of a projectile from the neck portion
86 into the projectile feed cavity 68. Thus, the transfer rod 98
moves the projectile to be fired from the position indicated at 80
to the position indicated at 78 when the compression tube means 90
is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow 41 from the
retracted position to the firing position shown in FIG. 4.
A plunger means 110 is slidably mounted in the second portion 52 of
the cylindrical chamber 46 for reciprocating motion therein in the
axial directions indicated by the arrows 40 and 41. The plunger
means 110 has a stem member 112 which, in the embodiment 10
illustrated in the drawing is generally tubular and has a forward
end 114 in the cylinder 104 defined by the tubular body member 92
of the compression tube 90. A generally cup-shaped resilient pad
means 116 is coupled to the forward end 114 of the stem member 112
by a rivet means 118 and having a forward end 120 engaging an
insert 122 in the cup-shaped pad 116 and a second end 124 crimped
into the forward end 114 of the stem member 112. A backup washer
126 is intermediate the cup-shaped resilient pad 116 and the
forward end 114 of the stem member 110 for axial compressive
support thereof in cooperation with the insert 122. The cup-shaped
resilient pad means 116 has a sliding substantially air tight fit
in the cylinder 104 defined by the tubular body member 92 of the
compression tube 190 to provide a predetermined frictional force
therebetween. Thus, the cup-shaped resilient pad means 116 acts as
a piston in the cylinder 104. As shown the cylinder 104 is
substantially free of any air passageways therefrom except the air
passage 102 in the transfer rod 98. Thus, when the plunger means
110 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow 41 from the
retracted position shown in FIG. 4A, 4B to the firing position
wherein the cup-shaped resilient pad 116 is adjacent the resilient
pad 106 of the compression tube means 90 substantially all the air
compressed in the cylinder 104 is forced to exit therefrom through
the air passage 112 in the transfer rod 98. Since the transfer rod
98 has a forward end 98a in substantially air tight sealing
engagement with the resilient projectile holding pad means 74 and
the air passage 102 is aligned with the projectile to be fired 78
substantially all of the air flowing therethrough is utilized to
propel the projectile. The fired projectile leaves the projectile
holding aperture 76 and is fired through an inner barrel 130 of the
barrel means 12 that is spaced from an outer barrel 132 by spacers
134 of which is shown in FIG. 4B. A resilient barrel seal pad 136
may be provided intermediate the inner barrel 130 and projectile
holding pad 74, and, preferably is in air tight sealing
relationship therewith.
When it is desired to fire darts and/or pellets such projectils may
be manually placed in the cavity 136' of the barrel seal pad 136
when the rifle is in the position shown in FIG. 3. Operation of the
embodiment 10 is as described herein during such single shot
operation.
A main spring means 140 is intermediate the stem means 112 and the
housing 24. In the embodiment 10 shown in the drawing the main
spring means 140 is positioned in the tubular stem member 112 and
yieldingly resists movement of the plunger means 10 in the
direction indicated by the arrow 40 to the retracted position
illustrated in FIG. 4A and 4B.
A tab means 142 is coupled to the stem member 112 of the plunger
means 110 adjacent the second end 112' thereof and is aligned with
the track means 56 in the housing 24. In the retracted position of
the plunger means 110 the tab means 142 is in the trigger cavity 63
defined by the third walls 62.
Cocking of the embodiment 10 by movement as shown in FIG. 3 is
utilized to move the compression tube means 90 from the firing
position shown in FIG. 4 to the retracted position thereof and to
move the plunger means 110 from the firing position thereof to the
retracted position thereof. This is acheived through the cocking
means comprising the push rod 38. The push rod 38 has a guide
member 150 positioned in the track means 56 of the housing 24. When
the plunger means 110 is in the firing position thereof a shoulder
portion 142' of the tab means 142 is adjacent the second end 38b of
the push rod 38. As the gun is cocked the guide member 150 of the
push rod 38 slides in the track means 56 and the forward end 38b of
the push rod 38 engages the shoulder portion 142' to move the
plunger means 110 against the force of the main spring 140 and into
the retracted positon shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. As the resilient
cup-shaped pad means 116 slides in the cylinder 104 the
predetermined frictional force therebetween causes movement of the
compression tube means 90 from the firing position thereof towards
the retracted position thereof in the direction indicated by the
arrow 40. Such motion continues until the back end 96 of the
tubular member 92 of the compression tube means 90 engages the
detent 64. After such engagement the plunger means 110 moves
relative to the compression tube means 90 and into the retracted
position thereof. To ensure that the compression tube 90 is moved
fully into the retracted position dimples 152 may be placed in the
tubular body member 92 of the compression tube means 94 engagement
with the resilient cup-shaped pad means 116. As the resilient
cup-shaped pad means 116. As the resilient cup-shaped pad means 116
engages the dimples 152 the compression tube is positively moved
into the retracted position against the detent 64. The resilient
pad means 116 deforms to move by the dimples 152 and into the
retracted position shown in FIG. 4A. Movement of the barrel means
12 in the direction indicated by the arrow 37 on FIG. 3 moves the
guide member 150 of the push rod 138 in the track means 56 of the
housing 24 in the direction indicated by the arrow 41. A shoulder
means 160 on the push rod 38 engages the back end 96 of the tubular
body member 92 and compression tube 90 and moves the compression
tube 90 from the retracted position in the direction indicated by
the arrow 41 in FIG. 4A and 4B into the firing position as
illustrated therein. Such movement is independent of the plunger
means 110 and thus the compression tube 90 is positively positioned
into the firing position by the push rod 38 each time the
embodiment 10 is caught and returned to the position shown in FIGS.
1 and 2. This independent positioning of the compression tube means
90 in the firing position ensures that the proper sealing
relationship between the transfer rod 98 and the projectile holding
pad means 74 is obtained prior to any movement of the plunger means
110 in the direction indicated by the arrow 41 and thus ensures the
high efficiency of air utilization and operation of the mechanism
of the present invention. Further, the shoulder portion 160 not
pnly moves the compression tube means 90 into the firing position
but positively restrains the compression tube in each firing
position to ensure the continued proper seating relationship
desired.
The trigger means 30 mounted in the trigger mechanism receiving
cavity 63 of the housing 24 generally comprises a sear means 170
pivotally mounted for rotation in the direction indicated by the
double-ended arrow 172 about sear pivot 174. In the position shown
in FIG. 4A the seal 170 has a pad engaging portion 176 engaging a
second shoulder 142' of the tab means 142 to restrain the plunger
means 110 in the retracted position. The trigger means 30 also
comprises a trigger lever 178 pivotally mounted on trigger pivot
180 for trigger actuation in the direction indicated by the arrow
182. The trigger lever 178 has a sear engaging portion 184 that
engages the sear on portion 170' thereof when the trigger lever 178
is actuated by movement in the direction 182 the trigger lever 178
rotates about the trigger pivot 180 moving the sear 170 downwardly
and away from engagement with the second shoulder 142' of the tab
142. When the sear is free of such engagement the plunger means 110
moves under the influence of the main spring 140 into the firing
position thereof to fire the projectile to be fired 78.
In order to prevent inadvertant operation of the improved air
operated gun mechanism a safety means 32 is provided in the trigger
receiving cavity 63. The safety means 32 is shown in the safety
position in FIG. 4A and comprises a safety lever 190 mounted for
pivotal movement about safety pivot 192. An overcenter spring means
194 is provided operatively engaging the safety shown in FIG. 4A
the overcenter spring means 194 forces the safety lever 190 into
the position shown and the blocking shoulder 196 on the safety
lever 190 engages the end portion 178' of the trigger lever 178 to
precent movement of the trigger lever 178 in the direction
indicated by the arrow 182. Thus, the trigger lever 178 cannot be
rotated to release the sear while the safety lever 190 is in the
safe position.
In order to fire the embodiment 10 the safety lever 190 is moved in
the direction indicated by the arrow 198 to the release position
shown in FIG. 5. This movment from the safety position to the
release position must be done manually and, as noted below, must be
accomplished after each time the rifle is cocked.
As shown in FIG. 5 the safety lever 190 has been rotated in the
direction indicated by the arrow 198. Such rotation against the
tension of the center spring means 194 rotates the shoulder 196
away from engagement with the portion 178' of the trigger lever 178
and the trigger lever may then be actuated in the direction
indicated by the arrow 182. Upon such actuation the portion 184 of
the trigger lever 178 moves the sear away from engagement with the
pad means 142 and the gun is fired. For the safety means 32 in the
released position shown in FIG. 5 the overcenter spring means 194
restrains the safety lever 178 is actuated in the direction
indicated by the arrow 182 relative movement of the trigger lever
178 with respect to the safety lever 190 moves the overcenter
spring means 194 so that the force exerted between the trigger
lever 178 and the safety lever 190 forces the safety lever 190 into
the safe position shown in FIG. 4A. The overcenter spring means 194
in retracting between the safety lever 190 and trigger lever 178
also returns the trigger lever and sear 170 to the position shown
in FIGS. 4A and 5 after actuation in the direction indicated by the
arrow 102.
In order to ensure that the safety lever 190 is always moved in the
safe position as shown in FIG. 4A regardless of the position
thereof when the rifle is cocked, a tab portion 200 is provided on
the safety lever 190 and, in the safe position, overlies the track
means 56 in the housing 24 forwardly of the sear 170 which overlies
the track means 56 adjacent the second end 58 thereof. When the
embodiment 10 is cocked the back face 140'" of the tab means 142 on
the plunger 140 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow 40
over the track means 56 and engages the tab portion 200 of the
safety lever 190 to rotate the safety lever 190 in the direction
opposite to that indicated by the arrow 198 about the safety lever
pivot 192 and the shoulder 196 thereof is moved out of engagement
with the portion 178' of the trigger lever 178. Further movement of
the tab means 142 closes the backface 142" thereof to engage the
sear 170 and rotate the sear 170 about the sear pivot 174. This
rotates the trigger lever 178 about the trigger pivot 180 in the
actuation direction indicated by the arrow 182. This provides
relative movment between the sear 170, trigger lever 178 and safety
lever 190 substantially identical to actuation of the trigger lever
178 and thus, as described above, the overcenter spring means 194
forces the safety lever 190 into the safe position thereof. Thus,
if the safety lever 190 is in the release position shown in FIG. 5
then the tab portion 200 is free of contact with the tab 142 and
the backface 142" thereof engages the sear 170 for rotation as
described above which moves the safety lever 190 into the safe
position. Therefore, regardless of the position of the safety lever
when cocking of the gun is commenced when the plunger 110 is moved
into the retracted position the safety lever is automatically moved
into the safe position thereof.
The safety lever 190, of course, may be manually moved, as noted
above, from the safety position to the release position thereof
and, similarly, for the release position shown in FIG. 5 to the
safety positon shown in FIG. 4 if it is desired.
As noted above the housing 24 is preferably fabricated from two
halves 24a and 24b which, as shown in FIG. 6, may be held together
by screw means 210. In some embodiments of the present invention it
may be desired to provide a holding force for holding the
projectile to be fired in the projectile feed chamber 68 in the
position shown at 80 in FIG. 4B. In order to achieve such temporary
holding a magnet 212 may be positioned in the housing 24 adjacent
thereto. The magnet 212, of course, will hold the projectile in the
position indicated at 80 when the projectile is made of
magnetizable material.
This concludes the description of the preferred embodiments of the
present invention. From the above it can be seen that there has
been provided an improved air operated gun mechanism in which the
compression tube has a transfer rod for moving a projectile to be
fired into a resilient pad that holds the projectile to be fired in
a properly aligned position. The transfer rod is connected to the
compression tube and is moved into the firing position thereof
independently of movement of the plunger which moves
reciprocatingly in the compression tube to compress air therein for
firing the projectile to be fired. The only air passageway from the
compression tube is through the transfer rod and thus substantially
all of the air compressed by the plunger therein is utilized to
propel the projectile. Safety means are also provided and the
safety means are automatically moved in the safety position each
time the gun is cocked regardless of whether the safety means was
in the release position or safety position thereof at the
commencement of the cocking operation. The safety means, of course,
is manually movable from the safe position to the release position
and from the release position to the safe position thereof.
While the above-described preferred embodiment of the present
invention illustrates utilization of the rifle it will be
appreciated that the same mechanism may equally well be utilized in
a manner apparent to those skilled in the art in hand guns as well
as rifle embodiment. Similarly, if it is desired to utilize the
above-described embodiment of a rifle for firing projectiles other
than BBs or spherical projectiles which may be easily fed
repetitively in the manner hereinabove described, projectiles such
as pellets or darts may be placed directly into the barrel seal pad
136 of the end of the inner barrel 130 when the rifle is cocked.
The same highly efficient operation of the mechanism then follows
the utilization. However, there is not automatic feeding of such a
projectile to be fired by the transfer rod 98.
Those skilled in the art may find many variations and adaptations
of the present invention and the following claims are intended to
cover all such variations and adaptations falling within the true
scope and spirit thereof.
* * * * *