U.S. patent number 3,924,281 [Application Number 05/505,577] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-09 for bed.
Invention is credited to John Reynell Gibbs.
United States Patent |
3,924,281 |
Gibbs |
December 9, 1975 |
Bed
Abstract
A bed for preventing bed sores and enabling a patient to be
turned, in which net material is secured to two spaced apart
substantially parallel bars. In one construction at least one bar
can be raised and lowered to cause movement of the net material
under the patient thereby causing a rolling motion. In another
construction the bars are rotatable about their axis to wind the
net material onto or off the bars so that when they are rotated in
opposite directions the patient is either raised or lowered and
when they are rotated in the same direction the patient is caused
to roll or turn.
Inventors: |
Gibbs; John Reynell (Wadhurst,
Sussex, EN) |
Family
ID: |
9982273 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/505,577 |
Filed: |
September 12, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
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Mar 13, 1974 [UK] |
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11223/74 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
5/88.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61G
7/1019 (20130101); A61G 7/1055 (20130101); A61G
7/1044 (20130101); A61G 7/1057 (20130101); A61G
7/1032 (20130101); A61G 7/1046 (20130101); A61G
7/1015 (20130101); A61G 7/001 (20130101); A61G
2200/32 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61G
7/10 (20060101); A61G 007/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;5/61,81,83,84,88 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Nunberg; Casmir A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fleit & Jacobson
Claims
I claim:
1. A bed comprising, in combination:
a. a pair of elongate members;
b. means for mounting said members so that their axes are
substantially parallel;
c. on each elongate member, a plurality of radially outwardly
projecting pins arranged in a line parallel to the axis of the
elongate member;
d. at least one wide mesh web of net material extending between
said members and secured thereto, by hooking over said radially
outwardly projecting pins;
e. hoop portions connected to said elongate members and extending
radially outwardly therefrom along the line of said pins;
f. curved cross section locking bars securable under said hoops
effective to retain the net material in position on said pins;
g. means for rotating said members about their axes; and
h. means for locking said members against rotation.
2. A bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mounting means
comprise a substantially rectangular frame, having end portions and
side portions, laterally spaced apart recesses in one end portion,
two laterally spaced apart pairs of rollers in the other end
portion and a bearing disc carried adjacent one end of said
elongate member, said bearing discs each being positionable in one
of said recesses and a portion of each elongate member then resting
in contact with the two rollers of a pair, so that the elongate
members extend substantially parallel to one another.
3. A bed as claimed in claim 2 wherein said end portions each
comprise laterally extending strips and four uprights releasably
securable in pairs to each pair of strips, the uprights each
comprising members having a double bend whereby the frame can be
adjusted to suit a particular size of hospital bed.
4. A bed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the means for rotating the
members comprise a handle pivotally mounted about an axis
perpendicular to the axis of the associated elongate member
adjacent to the other end of each member.
5. A bed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the locking means comprise
lugs on said other end portions, engageable by said handle when the
latter are in a plane passing through their pivots and
substantially perpendicular to the axes of the elongate members.
Description
The present invention relates to beds.
People who have to stay in bed for a prolonged period either in
hospital or at home often suffer from bed sores as a result of
lying in the same position for a prolonged period. The problem is
particularly acute where the patient is unconscious or partly
paralysed making it difficult for him to move himself. The normal
procedure in hospital is for the nursing staff to turn the patient
slightly, so that the weight of the patient is carried by a
different part of the body. If the patient is severely
incapacitated or particularly heavy this can be very hard work
indeed, particularly as it needs to be done at frequent intervals,
for example once every two hours, if bed sores are to be
prevented.
It is now proposed, according to the invention, to provide a bed
comprising a pair of elongate members, means for mounting said
members so that their axes are substantially parallel, a web
extending between said members and secured thereto and means for
moving at least one of said members so that the portion of the web
adjacent thereto moves in a plane generally parallel to itself, to
effect a rolling motion of a patient supported on said web.
The effect of causing the portion of the web adjacent to one of the
elongate members moving parallel to itself is to cause a movement
of the web material immediately underneath the patient. It will be
appreciated that the patient is lying in the web material in a
manner similar to a hammock during this operation and that this
causes a rolling or turning movement of the patient. Thus, by
applying a relatively small force to the elongate member a patient
can easily be turned.
The elongate member can be moved in a number of different ways.
According to a first construction, the elongate member is lifted or
lowered by any suitable means. This construction lends itself to
self operation, since the lifting and lowering can be effected by
winding a cord attached to the elongate member around a shaft
mounted on an arrangement over the bed. The rotation of the shaft
can be effected in a number of different ways. Thus, it can be
effected by one or more electric motors, or it can be carried out
by means of a hand lever which can be reciprocated back and forth
in a form of pendulum motion to cause a pawl carried thereby to
rotate a ratchet wheel. In another arrangement the rotation can be
effected by a worm and pinion which itself is driven by a cord,
such as a bead cord, passing over a pulley carried on the worm
shaft. As indicated, any of these means enable the patient to
operate the raising and lowering, and therefore the turning,
himself.
In another arrangement according to the invention the web material
is made very wide and is wound up on the two elongate members.
Means are provided for rotating the two members about their own
axes and for locking them in a particular rotational position.
Thus, if the two members are rotated in opposite directions the
patient is either raised or lowered and if the two members are
rotated in the same direction the patient is turned.
Preferably the web material is in the form of a net, for example, a
nylon net. This has been found particularly advantageous for a
number of reasons. Firstly, net material is slightly resilient
which gives considerable comfort to the patient and, secondly, when
net material is used the patient can see through the net sideways,
so that he does not feel so enclosed. An underblanket and a sheet
may be placed over the central portion of the net and a pillow
provided for the patient to have greater comfort. The net may be
secured to the elongate members, which may be simply poles or
tubes, by any suitable means. Where the net is moved by raising and
lowering of the elongate members, the latter can simply be threaded
through side edge portions of the net. Where the net is wound up on
the elongate members, however, it is preferred to provide a line of
pins on each elongate member over which the net material is hooked,
and to hold it in place by a gutter shaped clamping bar which is
held in place at each end by a hoop construction on the elongate
member. The gutter shaped clamping member is preferably formed of a
plastics material so that it is resilient and can be bowed to put
it in place.
In order that the invention may more readily be understood, the
following description is given, merely by way of example, reference
being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of bed constructed
in accordance with the present invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 both illustrate further arrangements for lifting and
lowering the support bar;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of bed
according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side elevation illustrating a method of
securing the net material to the support bar of the construction of
FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a section taken along the line VI--VI of FIG. 5.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a bed having four
uprights 10 each provided, as is conventional, with a wheel at the
bottom, these uprights being arranged in the manner of a four
poster bed at the foot and head of a bed and the uprights of a pair
being spaced apart by cross members 11, 12 and 13 at each end. The
longitudinal sides of the bed are made up by longitudinal bars 14
and 15 approximately at the height of a normal bed and at a height
of about 2 and 6 feet respectively. A mattress (not shown) may be
arranged between bars 14 in which case bars 12 and 14 would be at
the same level. Extending approximately centrally from between the
two bars 15 are a pair of supports 16 and 17 which carry two motors
18 and 19 each having a shaft 20 around which is wound a cord 21
which passes around two pulleys 22 and 23 and to the ends of which
are secured an elongate member 24, for example in the form of a
metal tube. At each of its ends, the member 24 has a plastics
material, e.g. nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene, guide member 25
which is vertically slidable on the adjacent upright 10. Extending
between the two elongate members 24 is a web in the form of a nylon
net material 26, for example, secured to the members 24 by the
latter being threaded through alternate meshes about 2 inches from
the margin.
In use, one of the motors 18 or 19 is operated, in the embodiment
illustrated the motor 18 is operated, and the elongate member 24 is
lowered to approximately the level of the bar 14. A patient can be
placed in the bed and can lie on the net material. The motor 18 is
then operated in the reverse sense and this causes lifting of the
bar. The patient will get to a position where he is completely
suspended in the . . . net 26 in a manner similar to a hammock. In
order to ensure more comfort one or more underblankets may be
provided in the central portion of the net and a sheet and pillow
if desired. When it is decided to turn the patient, the motor is
operated thus causing a further lifting or lowering of one or both
of the members 24. If the member 24 illustrated on the right in the
drawing is lifted, then the web material will move under the
patient from left to right as viewed in the drawing. This will
cause the patient to tilt towards the other side thus giving a
turning movement. A control switch for the motors can be positioned
to enable the patient to control the movement himself.
Instead of having the motors, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
3, the shafts 20 are provided with a ratchet wheel 27 keyed or
otherwise secured to the shaft and this can be caused to rotate by
a lever arm 28 provided with a pawl (not shown). A suitable braking
arrangement can also be associated with the handle 28. Thus
reciprocation, in the manner of the movement of a pendulum, of the
lever arm 28 will cause rotation of the shaft 20 to raise the
associated elongate element 24. The patient can therefore lift
himself. When he decides he wishes the bar to be lowered he can
gently release the brake allowing his weight to unwind the cord
from the shaft 20.
In the construction illustrated in FIG. 3 in a schematic manner,
the shaft 20 is driven by means of a pinion 29 secured thereon and
in turn is driven by a worm 30 having a pulley 31 with a cord 32
therearound. This cord may be a continuous cord and is preferably
of the bead cord type, the bead fitting in recesses in the pulley
31. Again pulling of the cord in the appropriate direction by the
patient himself can cause raising or lowering. The advantage of
using the worm is that it itself acts as a brake and the patient
can simply operate the mechanism in one way or the other.
Furthermore, if desired the worm and pinion can be used in
cooperation with the motors 18 and 19 rather than having a direct
drive or a reduction gear drive to the shaft 20, the worm and
pinion preventing undesired rotation of the shaft.
Referring to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, a conventional hospital bed is shown
having legs 40, cross-members 41 and longitudinal members 42, the
bed fitted with a support arrangement 43 at its foot and with a
further support arrangement 44 at its head. The arrangement at the
foot includes uprights 45 having a cross bar 47, the uprights
having a double bend so that they are wider at the top than the
bottom. The uprights 45 fit into a false leg 53 in the form of a
tube which is held in place by an inverted U-shaped wire support
hook bolted through the false leg and hooked around the leg of the
bed. The cross-bar of the support 43 has two upwardly projecting
bearing assemblies 49, one towards each side of the bed. Two pairs
of rollers 50, 51 the roller 51 being higher than the roller 50,
are mounted on the cross-bars 47 and on these bearing assemblies 49
respectively.
In each instance, the upright support members 45 are rotatable
about their own axis and then can be clamped to the cross-bar 47,
to adapt the support 43 to a particular bed.
A similar arrangement is provided for the support 44 except that
here, instead of fitting into the false legs, the foot of the
substantially vertical support members 52 are in fact engaged in
sockets normally used for the head of the bed. Again a cross-bar 55
is provided, this consisting of two spaced apart strips bolted
together to ensure that the uprights 52 are in the correct
positions for the particular bed. The top pair of strips forming
the cross-bar 25 have therebetween an arcuate piece of metal
effectively forming a recess 56, one adjacent each end of the
cross-bar 55. This provides a support for a nylon bearing 57, which
is also illustrated in FIG. 5, to which is secured a tubular
elongate member 58. The other end of the tubular elongate member 58
is fixed between the pulleys 50 and 51, so that the two members 58
extend substantially parallel to one another.
As illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 5 and 6, the elongate
members are in the form of tubes having diametrally extending pins
59 welded at 60 to the outer surface of the elongate member 58 and
projecting approximately one eighth of an inch beyond the opposite
sides. The pins are spaced apart in a straight line at about one
and a half inch intervals. Along the length of the elongate member
are disposed a number of hoops, preferably four hoops, 61 which are
secured as illustrated in FIG. 6. An arcuate member in the form of
a gutter shaped clamping bar 62 extends along the bar a distance
slightly greater than the distance between the nearest edges of two
adjacent hoops. The spacing of the hoops is such that all the
members 62 can be of the same length.
A nylon net 63 similar to that used in FIG. 1 is held in place by
hooking over the projecting portions of the pin 59 and by the
clamping bars being bowed and slipped under the hoops 61 before
springing back into position.
At the ends adjacent the rollers 50, 51, i.e., at the foot end of
the bed, a handle is provided on each elongate member, this handle
including two spaced apart strips 70 pivoted about a pivot pin 71
perpendicular to the axis of the elongate member 58. Parallel to
the elongate members 58, and at the other end of the strip 71, are
handle grips 72 similar to a conventional car starting handle. The
upper cross-bar 47 is provided with two lugs 73 each having an
upturned end portion, so positioned as to be able to engage the
strips 70 and the latter are in a plane passing through the pivot
71 and perpendicular to the axis of the elongate member 58.
A marker, e.g. a ribbon, is positioned approximately at the centre
of the net. In this instance the net is approximately 12 feet from
side to side and 9 feet from head to foot.
Two hooking arrangements 74 are provided one on each leg on each
side of the bed.
In use, the elongate member 58 illustrated on the right in the
drawing is placed on the hook 74 and the patient once again is put
onto the bed. The elongate member 58 is then lifted and placed in
the position illustrated. Then, by rotating the two elongate
members, by means of a handle, which are pulled forwardly to clear
the lugs, so that the elongate members rotate in opposite
directions, the net is wound up to lift the patient clear of the
bed mattress. The patient can remain in this manner until he
requires turning. Turning can simply be effected by rotation of the
two handles in the same direction which moves the net beneath the
patient in a manner similar to the movement of a conveyor belt. The
patient then is caused to roll or be turned. With this arrangement
it is readily possible to turn the patient completely over from one
side to the other or from his back onto his face. The marker ribbon
is provided to ensure that after a number of uses the net is
approximately centrally disposed on the two elongate members.
Again, with this construction, the net can be covered with blankets
and a sheet and a pillow in the centre.
Although it has not been shown, the rotation of the elongate
members could again be effected by other means, e.g. by a motor or
by a pulley arrangement which could be operated by the patient
himself.
* * * * *