U.S. patent number 3,924,231 [Application Number 05/476,324] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-02 for audio responsive color display system.
Invention is credited to Robert Bruce McClure.
United States Patent |
3,924,231 |
McClure |
December 2, 1975 |
Audio responsive color display system
Abstract
An electronically controlled audio-responsive color display is
provided by a system wherein audio signals of various frequencies
are utilized to effect illumination in various colors. Signal
processing amplifies and limits total audio signal strength while
substantially maintaining relative signal strength. The audio
signals are segregated into a plurality of frequency bands, and the
detected signal magnitude from each band is applied in pulse form
to effect illumination in corresponding colors.
Inventors: |
McClure; Robert Bruce (Malvern,
PA) |
Family
ID: |
26883978 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/476,324 |
Filed: |
June 4, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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188339 |
Oct 12, 1971 |
3815128 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
340/815.46;
340/815.65 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63J
17/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63J
17/00 (20060101); G08B 005/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/148,261,366B
;84/464 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pitts; Harold I.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: McClure; Charles A.
Parent Case Text
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This is a continuation-in-part of my copending application, Ser.
No. 188,339 filed Oct. 12, 1971 and issued as U.S. Pat. No.
3,815,128.
Claims
I claim:
1. In an electronically controlled audio-responsive color display
system, wherein audio signals of various frequencies are utilized
to effect illumination in various colors, including the steps of
amplifying the signals and limiting the total audio signal strength
to a desired level while substantially maintaining relative signal
strength, segregating the signals into a plurality of frequency
bands, then for each band detecting the signals therein, producing
periodic pulses of substantially constant amplitude whose duration
is dependent upon the detected signal magnitude for such band, and
applying the pulses from the respective bands to effect
illumination in corresponding colors, the improvement comprising:
producing momentary triggering pulses of uniform duration whose
position relative to an AC reference signal determines the duration
of such pulses.
2. Color display system according to claim 1, including the step of
coupling such momentary triggering pulses inductively to a load
circuit and reproducing therein such periodic pulses of variable
duration.
3. Color display system according to claim 1, including the step of
providing tone control in the amplification and limitation stage so
as to compensate for amplitude vs. frequency distortion from
pretreatment of the input signals to accentuate signals in certain
frequency ranges over others.
4. Color display system according to claim 1, including the step of
cutting off such sonic-color conversion process whenever input
audio signal strength falls below a predetermined level.
5. Color display system according to claim 4, including the steps
of augmenting background illumination whenever the sonic-color
conversion process is cut off and reducing the background
illumination upon restoration of input audio signal strength above
the sonic-color conversion cut-off level.
6. In an electronically controlled audio-responsive color display
system, including automatic gain control means (AGC) for amplifying
input audio-frequency signals from a source thereof and limiting
total audio signal strength to a desired level while substantially
maintaining relative signal strength, filter means interconnected
thereto for segregating the signals into a plurality of frequency
bands, detector means for each band connected to receive the
signals therefrom, pulse means associated with the respective
detector means, and connected chromophoric display means responsive
to such pulse means to be illuminated in colors corresponding to
the respective bands, the improvement wherein the pulse means
includes triggering means adapted to produce series of momentary
triggering pulses whose position relative to phasing of an AC
reference signal determines the duration of such illumination.
7. Color display means according to claim 6, wherein the AGC means
comprises a mixing amplifier at the input end, a gain-controlled
amplifier connected to the output of the mixing amplifier, an
output amplifier connected to the output of the gain-controlled
amplifier, a peak-to-reference voltage comparator connected to the
rectifier output, a gain-control signal generator connected to the
comparator output, the output from the gain-control signal
generator being fed back to the gain-controlled amplifier so as to
control the gain thereof.
8. Color display system according to claim 7, wherein the
gain-control signal generator has two control signal outputs, one
being produced by inverting the other, such that the inverted
control signal minus a reference signal equals the reference signal
minus the first control signal.
9. Color display according to claim 8, including a signal-loss
sensor connected to one output of the gain-control signal
generator, and background lighting means connected to the sensor
output and adapted to be illuminated when the sensor determines the
signal strength has fallen below a predetermined level.
10. Color display means according to claim 9, including a
signal-overload sensor connected to the other output of the
gain-control signal generator.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to production of color displays derived from
signals of audio or sonic frequency and provides novel methods and
apparatus for doing so, collectively referred to herein as a
sonic-color system.
It is known to produce light displays in various colors dependent
upon an input of audio-frequency signals derived from the output
stage of a radio receiver, record player, tape recorder-reproducer,
or the like. Interesting illumination effects are obtainable when
the colors thereof are coordinated in some way with the sonic or
audio frequencies. However, existing systems for doing so are
deficient in a number of respects, including frequency separation,
response control, and visual effect.
A primary object of the present invention is a sonic-color system
having improved response to input audio-frequency signals.
Another object is a multiple-channel sonic-color system having
excellent separation between channels.
A further object is a sonic-color system having novel display
characteristics.
Other objects of this invention, together with means and methods
for attaining the various objects, wil be apparent from the
following description and the accompanying diagrams thereof shown
by way of example rather than limitation.
BREIF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of components of the invention whether
considered as method or apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus component
corresponding to the first (extreme left) block of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus component useful
according to the second block of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an apparatus component useful
according to the third (middle) block of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus component useful
according to the fourth block of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus component useful
according to the fifth (extreme right) block of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a display screen useful in the
component of FIG. 6; and
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectional plan view, taken at VIII--VIII on
FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the component shown more
schematically in FIG. 2;
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of part of a low-pass component
corresponding to that shown more schematically in FIG. 3;
FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of part of an intermediate-band
component corresponding to that shown more schematically in FIG.
3;
FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of part of a high-pass component
corresponding to that shown more schematically in FIG. 3; and
FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of the component shown more
schematically in FIG. 5.
FIG. 14 is a block diagram of components of a modified embodiment
of AGC component, corresponding to the first block in FIG. 1 and
generally to FIG. 2;
FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of the modified AGC component shown in
block form in FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of an optional tone control component
indicated in broken lines in FIG. 14;
FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of a modified embodiment of active
filter components, corresponding to the second and third blocks in
FIG. 1 and generally to FIGS. 3 and 4;
FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of a modified embodiment of
synchronizer, corresponding generally to block S in FIG. 5;
FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram of a modified embodiment of power
output component, corresponding to the fourth block in FIG. 1 and
generally to FIG. 5, together with the S component of FIG. 18;
and
FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of signal loss sensor means shown in
block form in FIG. 14, together with background lighting means
actuatable thereby, and signal over-load sensor means.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In general, the objects of the present invention are accomplished,
in an electronically controlled audio-responsive color display
system, wherein audio signals of various frequencies are utilized
to effect illumination in various colors, by the method combination
of amplifying the signals and limiting the total audio signal
strength to a desired level while substantially maintaining
relative signal strength, segregating the signals into a plurality
of frequency bands, then for each band detecting the signals
therein, producing pulses whose duration is dependent upon the
detected signal magnitude for such band, and applying the pulses
from the respective bands to effect illumination in corresponding
colors.
In its apparatus aspect this invention contemplates means for
accomplishing such method in conjunction with chromophoric display
means responsive to such pulses to be illuminated in colors
corresponding to the respective bands.
FIG. 1 shows that audio signals from any suitable source, such as
aforementioned in connection with existing sonic-color systems, as
subjected to automatic gain control (AGC), whereupon the system
acts to Filter, Detect, Power, and Display the signals as
successively acted upon by the method steps and apparatus
components of this invention. The method is described, and the
apparatus shown, in more detail as follows.
FIG. 2 shows the AGC component schematically as made up of
operational amplifier (op-amp) A.sub.o having input impedance
Z.sub.in through which the audio input is applied from input
terminal "a" to the upper left side or inverting input terminal of
the amplifier, with the lower left side or non-inverting terminal
grounded. The amplifier output appears at the right or apex
terminal of the amplifier, which connects via feedback impedance
Z.sub.fb to the input terminal and also connects via output
terminal "b" to the component shown in the next view. Details of a
preferred embodiment of the component of the present view appear in
FIG. 9, considered hereinafter.
FIG. 3 shows schematically a single channel of active filter means
having input terminal "b" corresponding to the output terminal of
FIG. 2. The illustrated circuit constitutes one of a plurality of
such channels: viz., a low-pass channel, a high-pass channel, and
one or more (preferably three) intermediate-band channels. Each
channel comprises a pair of operational amplifiers, designated
generally as A.sub.i and A.sub.j, together with appropriate input
and feedback impedance networks: Z.sub.1 through Z.sub.5 for
A.sub.i and Z.sub.6 through Z.sub.10 for A.sub.j for which
corresponding circuit elements appear in FIG. 10 (low-pass), FIG.
11 (intermediate or band-pass), and FIG. 12 (high-pass). Each
amplifier is like that of FIG. 2, as outlined in broken lines in
FIG. 9. The amplifier stages are connected in cascade, and the
circuit elements providing impedances Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.6 are
preferably adjustable to facilitate balancing of the sensitivity or
gain of the cascaded stages and to assure the desired response. As
with the amplifier in the preceding view, the non-inverting input
(each stage) is grounded. The respective channels have separate
output terminals, designated generally by "c" in this view, to
corresponding detectors (one of which is shown in the next
view).
FIG. 4 shows the circuit of a detector stage for a representative
one of the filter channels. Diode D.sub.d is connected in the
forward direction from input terminal "c" to output terminal "d"
while capacitor C.sub.d is connected between the output terminal
and ground. The output (now DC) passes to a power control channel
such as is shown in the next view.
FIG. 5 shows schematically that last component before the display
stage. Input impedance Z.sub.11 is connected between terminal "d"
and ramp generator G. Also connected to the generator input is
synchronizer S, itself connected to AC terminals "f, g" such as a
conventional power line or equivalent source. The same synchronizer
is useful in synchronizing the ramp generators of a plurality of
like power control channels, one per filter channel, and optionally
one or more others to control one or more additional display
features. Accordingly, the block for synchronizer S is surrounded
by broken lines as a reminder of its status distinct from an
individual power control channel. Output impedance Z.sub.12 is
connected between its ramp generator and triac stage T, which has
output terminals "e,f" to display means (shown in the next view)
and one side (grounded) of the AC source. Circuit details for the
apparatus of this view appear in FIG. 13.
FIG. 6 shows the display means schematically, including plurality
of lamps X.sub.1 . . . X.sub.n interconnected between terminal "e"
(FIG. 5) and AC source terminal "g". The lamps are adjacent a
display screen comprising a plurality of portions Y.sub.1 . . .
Y.sub.n, at least one (and preferably more than one) such portion
per lamp. Shown are only the extreme or end members of the series
of lamps and of screen portions. Intervening parts are broken away
to simplify the illustration. Either or both the lamps and the
screen are colored appropriately, and opaque spacers (not shown)
are useful: between lamps of diverse colors and adjacent to the
divisions between diversely colored screen portions. The screen,
which is shaded to indicate plastic composition, may be quite
simple in design, as suggested in this view, or more elaborate, as
in the next view.
FIG. 7 shows in perspective, on a greatly reduced scale, color
display screen Y comprising rectilinear mosaic-like colored
portions (so shaded) and frame F. The rear face (not shown) is a
mirror image of the visible front face. Spacer means I, which
intervenes between adjacent screen portions (of different colors)
appears more clearly in FIG. 8, which shows a horizontal section
therethrough and through the intervening spacer means and the
frame.
Operation of the disclosed apparatus to practice the disclosed
process is readily understood. Of course, although not shown,
suitable DC sources are used to provide positive and negative
potentials to various of the apparatus components.
Audio-frequency signals at the AGC input are amplified and the
total audio signal strength is limited by suitable gain control
adjustment to a desired level in that component (FIGS. 2 and 9)
without substantially disturbing relative signal strength. The
amplified audio input from the AGC component is fed to each (FIG.
3) in a bank of frequency filters, at least three and preferably
five in number, including a low-pass, a high-pass, and one or more
(preferably three) intermediate band-pass channels. These filters
are active, rather than passive, and include two operational
amplifiers (each like that outlined in broken lines in FIG. 9) with
input and feedback networks therefor (FIGS. 10, 11, and 12 for the
low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass channels, respectively), which
are connected in cascade. The intermediate or band-pass op-amps
(FIG. 11) are stagger-tuned (preferably approximately 0.7 octave)
to square off the frequency response. Each intermediate band so
produced is substantially an octave wide.
The amplified and filtered audio-frequency signals are detected
conventionally (FIG. 4), and the resulting DC signals are fed
through high input impedance to respective power control channels
(FIGS. 5, 13), one per filter channel. The ramp generator is
synchronized to the AC source frequency by synchronizer S, which
conveniently controls several power control channels similarly. The
input DC signal from the detector stage determines the decay of the
ramp. The triac receives through the output impedance network a
succession of pulses whose duration (i.e., the summed duration of
individual pulses) also corresponds to the input signal, and such
pulses control conduction through the triac and, thus, through the
display means, which is connected to the triac output and thereby
across the AC source (one side of which is grounded). In this way
the channels are isolated effectively from one another, and the
brightness response of the display means accurately reflects
relative band strength. Controls for brightness and threshold
provide a full range of response so as to minimize full-on and
full-off periods.
It will be understood that each band effects illumination in a
different color, preferably ranging from low to high frequency of
color in accordance with low to high frequency of sound, thus: red
for low-pass; orange, yellow, and green for the successively higher
band-pass; and blue for the high-pass. It is preferable that a
plurality of portions of the display screen be illuminated in each
of the given colors and that the total area or apparent area of the
portions for each color be the same as for every other one of the
colors. The prepared color display screen of FIGS. 6 and 7 has
these attributes and also aspects of symmetry and other
esthetically desirable attributes, and its design is the subject of
my design patent application, Ser. No. D-161,371 filed July 12,
1971 and now issued as Des. Pat. 226,777. Although shown herein in
the form of transparent plastic composition (e.g., methyl
methacrylate or other acrylic or similar material, such as that
called "Plexiglas" and available from Rohm & Haas Co.,
Philadelphia) for use with adjacent lamps actuated by the described
electronic apparatus, the screen may comprise suitable chromophoric
(e.g., phosphor) materials and be actuated directly by such
apparatus. Thus, cathode ray tubes may be so driven, if
desired.
The electronic apparatus of this invention is suited for use with
any low-impedance source of audio-frequency signals within the
range of 0.1 to 5 volts peak-to-peak (pp) without objectionable
loading of the source. It is adapted to produce an output of up to
500 watts per channel. Advantages and benefits of its structural
and functional features have been mentioned above and, together
with others, will become apparent and accrue to persons undertaking
to practice this invention in the light of the foregoing disclosure
and the following more detailed consideration of the apparatus
components.
FIG. 9 shows the AGC circuit, which is provided with two input
terminals "a.sub.1, a.sub.2 " (rather than simply "a" as in FIG. 2)
to accommodate stereo input, if desired. With input from 8 ohm
speakers a separation of 70 db is maintained. Input resistors
R.sub.a1 and R.sub.a2 (4.7 k each) lead from the respective input
terminals to the junction of resistor R.sub.01 (560 ohms) and
electrolytic capacitor C.sub.o1 (5 .mu.f). The other side of
C.sub.01 connects to the junction of R.sub.02 (2.2 Meg) and
R.sub.03 (1 Meg), which together form a voltage divider from ground
to positive (15 v) DC potential.
Interposed between the AGC op-amp is MOSFET (metal oxide
semiconductor field effect transistor) Q.sub.1 and associated
circuit elements. Its Source (S) and emitter (E) electrodes are
tied to the junction of R.sub.02 and R.sub.03 just mentioned, and
its drain electrode D connects thereto through feedback resistor
R.sub.04 (470 k) and to the non-inverting input terminals of the
op-amp through DC blocking electrolytic capacitor (C.sub.02 (5
.mu.f). Its gate electrode receives positive feedback from a
further stage after the op-amp.
The AGC op-amp is conveniently of 709C type and includes (outlined
in broken lines) associated circuit elements: first capacitor C'
(20 pf) connected across terminals 5 and 6 (output), second
capacitor C" (500 pf) connected in series with resistor R' (1.5 k)
across terminals 1 and 8. Terminals 4 and 7 go to sources of
negative (-15 v) and positive (15 v) DC potentials "++" and "--"
respectively. Terminals 2 and 3 are the inverting and non-inverting
input terminals, respectively, the latter of which is grounded. The
same operational amplifier circuitry (and values of circuit
elements) is used in both stages of each filter channel with
appropriate feedback networks. The AGC op-amp has respective fixed
and adjustable feedback resistors R.sub.05 (33 k) and R.sub.06
(0.75 Meg) from output terminal 6 to input terminal 2. The setting
of adjustable resistor R.sub.06 determines the "maximum gain state"
voltage gain, thereby determining at what input signal level the
output comes under control.
The further stage in the AGC component comprises transistor Q.sub.2
(2N5135 type) with its emitter electrode grounded and its collector
and base electrodes supplied with positive (15 v) DC potential
through resistors R.sub.07 (1.1 k) and R.sub.08 (220 k)
respectively. The op-amp output is injected at the Q.sub.2 base
through adjustable resistor R.sub.09 (100 k) and electrolytic
capacitor C.sub.03 (10 .mu.f) connected in series. The Q.sub.2
collector connects to Q.sub.1 gate electrode G through diode
D.sub.01 (IN98 type). Connected between the diode lead and ground
on the transistor side is resistor R.sub.10 (15 k), and on the
MOSFET side R.sub.11 (1.8 Meg) and (in parallel) electrolytic
capacitor C.sub.04 (1 .mu.f).
When there is no audio signal input to the AGC component and,
consequently, no output, transistor Q.sub.2 is normally saturated
by reason of the positive bias of its base through R.sub.08. This
occasions a minimum bias potential (ca. 0.3 v) applied to the
Q.sub.1 gate, whereupon the source-to-drain resistance is at a
minimum, corresponding to maximum gain state of the op-amp. An
input to the AGC component produces an output coupled through
R.sub.09 and C.sub.03 to pulse Q.sub.2 to its non-conducting state,
thereby causing a positive peak detected bias to the Q.sub.1 gate,
whereupon the resulting increase in source-to-drain resistance
reduces the overall gain, which is adjustable by the setting of
R.sub.09 as the master gain control. The audio signal so amplified
and limited (voltage gain of about ten times) is applied through
electrolytic DC blocking capacitor C.sub.05 to the diverse filter
channels at terminal "b".
As already mentioned, the filter channels (shown generically in
FIG. 3) each comprise a pair of op-amps A.sub.i and A.sub.j (like
A.sub.o of the AGC component), each with its own feedback network
and associated circuit elements. The feedback circuit elements are
identified in FIGS. 10, 11, and 12 for the low-pass, intermediate
or band-pass, and high-pass channels, respectively, using the same
subscripts as in the impedance blocks of FIG. 3. Prefixed are added
subscript L for low-pass, primed (singly, double, and triply) for
the band-pass, and with added subscript H for the high-pass. It
will be understood that the circuitry intersections designated as
"r, s, t, and u" in FIGS. 10, 11, and 12 guide the substitution of
their circuits at correspondingly designated intersections in the
respective stages (with subscript designations "i" and "j") in
accordance with FIG. 3. The circuit elements making up impedances
Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.6 (FIG. 3) are added within a block shown in
broken lines and so designated in FIG. 12 for the high-pass channel
portion. Appropriate values for these and the associated elements
of the filter channels appear in Table I of my aforementioned
patent.
The output from each filter channel is fed to a corresponding
detector component (FIG. 4) in which the diodes are of IN98 type
and the capacitors have the values shown in Table II of that
patent. Of course, in each instance the detector output is DC,
varying in accordance with the channel or band signal strength.
Such output is used as a control potential in the respective power
control units, as shown in the final view.
FIG. 13 shows the circuitry for one of the power control units
together with that of a synchronizer (S, outlined in broken lines,
as in FIG. 5) useful with more than one such unit. Detector
potential from "d" through resistor R.sub.12 (4.3 k) is furnished
to the input elements, where it is superimposed upon the voltage
supply from positive source "+" (4.5v) through adjustable
background control resistor R.sub.13 (50 k) and fixed resistor
R.sub.14 (4.7 k) to the collector of transistor Q.sub.3.
Synchronizer S comprises transformer T-1 whose primary is connected
across AC terminals "f,g" and whose secondary is center-tapped to
ground and furnishes a low AC potential (6.3 v) to the bases of
transistors Q.sub.A and Q.sub.B through like resistors R.sub.A and
R.sub.B (450 ohms). Q.sub.A and Q.sub.B, whose connectors are tied
together and whose emitters are grounded, constitute together with
the mentioned resistors a double-ended expander (e.g., Motorola MC
785 P type). Resistor R.sub.16 (680 ohms) is connected from the
positive DC potential source to the common connector terminal of
the synchronizer and also to a similar but single-ended expander
stage through its base resistor R.sub.15 (450 ohms).
The synchronizer, operating through Q.sub.3, determines the input
impedance to transistor Q.sub.4 of the ramp generator by
alternately saturating Q.sub.A and Q.sub.B except for recurrent
brief (e.g., 0.5 msec) periods. When the applied AC potential is in
the vicinity of zero (less than about 0.5 v), then Q.sub.3 receives
a saturating positive pulse. At each such recurrence the ramp
generator is reset by the charging of capacitor C.sub.06, which
parallels base resistor R.sub.17 (450 ohms), through collector
resistor R.sub.18 (640 ohms). Between such recurrences C.sub.06
discharges through Q.sub.4 and R.sub.16 at a rate dependent upon
the input control potential from the detector, the rate of
discharge increasing with such positive potential. Both Q.sub.4
with its associated resistors and the following stage, Q.sub.5 with
corresponding base and collector resistors R.sub.19 (450 ohms) and
R.sub.20 (640 ohms), are inverters (e.g., Motorola MC 789 P
type).
Reduction of the Q.sub.4 collector potential below about 0.6v cuts
off Q.sub.5, which otherwise is saturated. This applies a positive
pulse to the gate electrode of triac Q.sub.7 in triac stage T
through an emitter follower stage formed of transistor Q.sub.6
(2N5135 type) which has emitter resistor R.sub.21 (47 ohms)
connected to the triac gate electrode. Thus, the period of
conduction of the triac is dependent upon detector output at the
input to the power control unit, and otherwise the gate electrode
is grounded. Gate interconnection between channels is precluded by
the clamping of the gate electrode either to ground or to
substantial positive potential. Of course, during triac conduction
the interconnected chromophoric display means, such as the lamps of
FIG. 6, are actuated from the AC potential source.
Experience has shown that brightness change in lamps of the usual
Christmas - tree variety, which may be used in such display means
if desired, is apparent over a range of about 0.5 to 2.3 v. Below
the lower value no visible light is apparent, and R.sub.13 can be
adjusted to eliminate that portion of the response curve by adding
compensating positive bias. The response is quite linear over the
visible range and, of course, the larger the input the longer the
lamps are actuated as well as the brighter they are.
A sixth power control unit is useful to actuate other display
features, such as background lighting (as described below) or to
superimpose other effects (e.g., moire) upon an illuminated display
screen. When six such units are used, it is convenient to use two
synchronizers, synchronizing three units each.
Another embodiment of the apparatus of this invention is shown in
FIGS. 14 to 20. So modified, the apparatus is somewhat more
complex, in the interest of improved operation and control in the
conversion of input audio signals to equivalent sonic-color
display. In this modified embodiment the inter-component terminals
identified in the previous embodiment as a, b, c, d, e, f, and g
have their respective counterparts designated as A, B, C, D, E, F,
and F'.
FIG. 14 shows the modified AGC component in block form, comprising
an Input Mixing Amplifier having generalized input terminal A and,
in sequence, a Gain-Controlled Amplifier, optional Tone Control
(indicated in broken lines), and Output Amplifier having output
terminal B. The feedback loop includes a Full-Wave Rectifier from
the input of the Output Amplifier, a Peak Signal Voltage
Comparator, and a Gain-Control Voltage Generator. The latter
component has a pair of outputs to the Gain-Controlled Amplifier,
and a Loss Sensor is interconnected between one of these output
leads and terminal H to the background lighting component, while an
Overload Sensor is connected to the other output lead from the
Gain-Control Voltage Generator. Terminals AGC.sub.1, and AGC.sub.2
flanking the Tone Control component are to be connected together in
the absence of such component, which itself is shown in detail in a
subsequent view.
FIG. 15 shows the circuit elements and interconnections of the AGC
components of the preceding view, from input terminals A.sub.1,
A.sub.2 to output terminal B and including control voltage outputs
CV.sub.1 and CV.sub.2 to the Signal Loss and Signal Overload
Sensors (shown in further detail below) as well as internally to
the Gain-Controlled Amplifier. Operation of this AGC component is
similar to that described previously but is more effective as a
consequence of the more elaborate structure of this modified
version.
The Input Mixing Amplifier mixes input signals from terminals
A.sub.1, A.sub.2 and provides a gain, manually adjustable by means
of the range adjust control, of -0.1 to -1.1. The gain of the
Gain-Controlled Amplifier is electronically adjusted over a 60 db
range. FETS Q.sub.51 and Q.sub.52 are used, in effect, as
voltage-controlled resistors to adjust the gain of this stage and
are controlled in turn by control voltages CV.sub.1 and CV.sub.2.
The Output Amplifier supplies the AGC's signal, with amplitude
manually adjustable from 3 volts peak-to-peak to 10 v.pp. by the
master gain control, to the active filters. The input to the Output
Amplifier is also supplied to the Full-Wave Rectifier component, in
which it is amplified and full-wave rectified, and from which the
resultant signal is applied to the Peak Signal Voltage Comparator,
in which both peaks of the rectified signal are compared to a DC
reference signal. When the peak signal exceeds the reference, an
output current is supplied to the Gain-Control Voltage Generator,
which integrates it and converts it to a first control voltage
CV.sub.1 and then inverts the latter and produces a second control
voltage CV.sub.2, related to the reference signal voltage VCR, such
that CV.sub.2 =(VCR-CV.sub.1) + VCR. The Full Wave Rectifier and
Peak Signal Voltage Comparator are temperature compensated in the
interest of high AGC stability.
Features of this AGC embodiment include 20 .mu. sec attack time and
5 sec decay time, 60 db AGC range with less than 2% distortion, 20
db input signal adjust for input signal ranges: minimum 0.01 v pp
to 10 v pp and maximum 0.1 v pp to 100 v pp.
FIG. 16 shows the circuit of the Tone Control component,
interconnected between AGC1 and AGC2 terminals of FIG. 15. Linear
100k ohm potentiometers are provided to compensate, respectively,
for treble and bass predistortion, such as from corresponding
controls of a stereo system whose output is being converted by the
present system from sonic to color display. This component features
20 db boost and cut with turnover at 1 kHz.
FIG. 17 shows the active filters for the low-pass, high-pass, and
three intermediate pass bands. In each the input signal is buffered
and is supplied to adjustable attenuator stages, one for each
filter. The variable attenuator stages are adjusted to provide
equal-amplitude input signals in their respective frequency bands.
Each filter exhibits approximately 0.5 db amplitude variation in
the pass band and -35 db per octave attenuation in the side bands.
This is sharper and more level than in the previous filter
embodiment. The filter frequency ranges are as follows.
TABLE III ______________________________________ Band -10 db low
side -db high side LP (approx 20 H.sub.z) 140 H.sub.z BP.sub.1 140
H.sub.z 300 H.sub.z BP.sub.2 300 H.sub.z 600 H.sub.z BP.sub.3 600
H.sub.z 1400 H.sub.z HP 1400 H.sub.z (approx 20 kHz)
______________________________________
Also shown in FIG. 17, at the extreme right between terminals
C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 at the filter output, are the corresponding
detector stages, whose respective output terminals are designated
D.sub.1 to D.sub.5.
FIG. 18 shows the circuit of the modified Synchronizer component,
comprising AC Line Crossing Detector and Ramp Reset Control
components. A 7.5 v. rms signal derived via a transformer from the
AC power line is supplied to the first of these components, which
produces a reset pulse of width approximating 160 .mu. sec. The
reset pulse straddles the zero crossing of the AC line, going high
about 80 .mu. sec before and low about 80 .mu. sec after such zero
crossing. The reset pulse drives the other component to set and
hold each ramp generator of the Voltage-Controlled Triac Trigger
component (in the next view) which corresponds generally to
component T of the power stage of the earlier embodiment (in FIG.
5).
FIG. 19 shows, in addition to the component just mentioned,
preceding Buffer Amplifier and Ramp Generator components of the
Voltage-Controlled Triac Trigger stages (one for each of the five
frequency bands), corresponding generally to impedance Z.sub.11 and
block G of FIG. 5. The modified synchronizer (S) component has been
considered last above in connection with FIG. 18. Also included in
FIG. 19 are elements of the Power block and the Display load of
FIG. 1 to illustrate that in this modified embodiment the output
coupling to the triac is inductive, thereby isolating the load from
the rest of the apparatus.
The negative DC control voltages from the respective filter outputs
C.sub.1 through C.sub.5 in FIG. 17 are buffered and then supplied
to the Ramp Generator. The latter component produces a linear
negative-going ramp starting at +10v (each time the line voltage
goes through zero) and falling to 4.5 v, at which level it stops
falling. The time taken for the ramp to fall to +5 is proportional
to the DC control voltage from the filters and the background
control setting. A more negative control voltage from the filters
causes the ramp voltage to drop the same amount in a shorter time.
A lower resistance setting of the background control has a like
effect.
When the ramp voltage passes through +5 v the Trigger Pulse
Generator produces a positive pulse of about 75 ua with 5 .mu. sec
duration. Such pulse turns the triac on and thereby supplies power
to the load until the line voltage passes through zero. At zero
voltage the triac turns off and remains non-conductive until again
turned on by such a trigger pulse generated when the ramp passes
through +5v. The time of occurrence of such pulse relative to the
AC phasing determines the duration of triac conduction and, thus,
of illumination of chromophoric means in the load. An approximately
-3.75 DC control voltage provides about 90% average power to the
load with background control set to minimum resistance. Actuation
of the triac trigger by separate logic input is provided for, as in
the absence of such audio input or in addition thereto.
FIG. 20 shows the circuit diagram for the Signal Overload and
Signal Loss Sensors and the Background Lighting Component actuated
by the latter. The Signal Overload component, which is fed by the
second control voltage from the AGC Gain-Control Signal Generator,
CV.sub.2, merely lights a lamp to show that the acceptable range
has been exceeded at the audio input. The Signal Loss Sensor,
however, operates through the Background Lighting component to
bring up the background lighting through a sixth power control
channel at a rate and to a level controllable by manual adjustment
of potentiometers therein. The AGC Gain-Controlled Amplifier is cut
off simultaneously to prevent transient signals, noise, etc. from
actuating the frequency-sensitive load components in the absence of
significant audio input. As soon as such signal reappears the
Signal Loss Sensor acts to discontinue the background lighting, and
enable AGC output, relatively rapidly.
The modifications shown in FIGS. 14 to 20 and described above
extend the teaching and range of application of the present
invention to greater sophistication and effectiveness. Whereas the
earlier embodiment establishes the superior performance of my
improvement in a sonic-color system over conventional equipment,
the latter embodiment represents a further advance where added
complexity and expense are not objectionable. Its additional
advantages and benefits can be fully appreciated best in actual
practice.
Other modifications of the present invention, such as may be
provided by addition, combination, or subdivision of parts or
steps, or substitution of equivalents, may be made while retaining
significant advantages and benefits of the invention, which is
defined in the following claims.
* * * * *