U.S. patent number 3,923,438 [Application Number 05/476,477] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-02 for apparatus for making variegated soap base.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Colgate-Palmolive Company. Invention is credited to Giulio Perla.
United States Patent |
3,923,438 |
Perla |
December 2, 1975 |
Apparatus for making variegated soap base
Abstract
Apparatus for producing striated soap, including a manifold
arrangement mounted on a plodder cone and having internal
projections extending into the cone for discharging a second soap
into a first soap mass being forced through the cone toward an
extrusion nozzle.
Inventors: |
Perla; Giulio (Rome,
IT) |
Assignee: |
Colgate-Palmolive Company (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
11273602 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/476,477 |
Filed: |
June 5, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Sep 5, 1973 [IT] |
|
|
50733/73 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
425/131.1;
425/378.1; 425/462; 264/245 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D
13/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C11D
13/00 (20060101); C11D 13/18 (20060101); B29F
003/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;264/75,245,102,148
;252/90 ;425/131.1,133.1,133.5,192,378,379,380,381,462,467,376 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Baldwin; Robert D.
Assistant Examiner: Rosenbaum; Mark
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Koch, Esq.; Kenneth A. Sylvester,
Esq.; Herbert S. Grill, Esq.; Murray M.
Claims
What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. Apparatus for the continuous production of striped soap
comprising a terminal cone of a soap plodder having an internal
conical passageway and a series of circumferentially spaced
apertures in its surface, an extrusion nozzle mounted at the
smaller end of said passageway, means for feeding a solid column of
a first soap in plastic condition under pressure through said
passageway in a direction toward said extrusion nozzle, depositing
means in the path of said solid column providing a plurality of
circumferentially spaced downstream facing openings for depositing
and imbedding streams of a different soap or soaps in plastic
condition within and along the periphery of said column to form a
slidably moving composite soap mass within said passageway, said
depositing means including an annular manifold disposed externally
around said cone and having a series of substantially radial
projections extending inwardly at said cone apertures, said
downstream facing openings being on the inner ends of said
projections, said soap mass being substantially uniformly radially
compressed during movement along said passageway.
2. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said openings are
disposed to discharge said streams into sliding contact with the
surface of said passage and said column slidably contacts said
passage surface between said streams.
3. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said means providing
said downstream facing openings in an annular manifold having an
inlet for introducing said different soap and a plurality of
internal projections that extend into said passage and are formed
with said openings within the passage adjacent said passage
surface.
4. The apparatus defined in claim 3, wherein said manifold encloses
an annular soap distribution space that increases in cross section
away from the connection between said inlet and said space.
5. The apparatus defined in claim 3, wherein there is provided in
the manifold inlet a divider plate for directing portions of the
incoming stream of said different soap to flow around opposite
sides of the manifold.
6. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein an annular upstream
facing concave surface is provided interiorly surrounding the open
small end of the cone.
7. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said means providing
said downstream facing openings comprises lateral downstream
extensions for confining and guiding each of said different soap
streams for a predetermined distance.
8. The apparatus defined in claim 7, wherein said lateral
extensions are converging plates one at each side of each opening.
Description
This invention relates to apparatus for the manufacture of striped
soap, and the resultant product, and is particularly directed to
the manufacture of composite soap bars wherein a body of a first or
main soap has a plurality of surface imbedded bodies of a different
soap or soaps presenting a distinct striped appearance.
Apparatus and method for the manufacture of striped soap have been
proposed, as for example in the patents to W. A. Kelley et al, U.S.
Pat. No. 3,268,970; 3,294,692; and 3,398,219.
The present invention distinguishes over known prior art in that
incorporation of different soaps into a composite mass embodying
the desired surface striping takes place in a region wherein the
mass is undergoing uniform radial compression, and this has been
found to be advantageous in the production of soap bars of superior
appearance and resistance to separation of the different soaps
during useful life. The U.S. Pat. to Garvey et al. No. 2,296,842
discloses the extrusion of indicia forming soap streams within a
main body of soap being forced through a plodder cone, but this
does not produce striped soap.
The invention further includes the advantage that the plastic soaps
being incorporated into the composite mass being radially
compressed are of substantially the same beta phase content.
Other advantages of the invention are concerned with novel
structure for carrying out the foregoing, particularly a novel
manifold arrangement mounted on the plodder cone and having
internal projections extending into the cone for discharging a
second soap or soaps into a first soap column being forced along
the cone toward an extrusion nozzle, as well as arrangements for
providing substantially uniform soap pressure in the annular
manifold space.
FIG. 1 is a mainly diagrammatic view showing the invention
according to a preferred embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a section substantially on line 2--2 of FIG. 1 showing
the manifold and second soap discharge arrangements;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary section substantially on line 3--3 in FIG.
2 further showing manifold structure;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section substantially on line 4--4 in FIG.
2 showing further manifold structure;
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the nature of the
composite soap mass in the cone;
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic cross section of the extruded composite
soap log showing the approximate stripe distribution;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary view partly in section showing a further
embodiment having a divider plate at the intake to an eccentric
manifold;
FIG. 8 is a section substantially on line 8--8 of FIG. 7 showing
soap flow control; and
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view in section showing an embodiment
wherein the manifold is secured between the end of the plodder
barrel and the cone.
FIG. 1 shows mainly diagrammatically a conventional type soap
plodder 11 wherein milled soap is compressed and compacted by a
rotating worm 12 and forced through a terminal converging cone 13
from which it is discharged through extrusion nozzle 14 as a
continuous bar. The extrusion nozzle imparts the desired shape and
cross section to the extruding bar, usually rectangular or
circular. Except as will appear this plodder construction may be
for example similar to that disclosed in Compa et al. U.S. Pat. No.
3,485,905.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the cone 13 intermediate its ends is
surrounded by a hollow annular manifold member 15 that is fixed to
the cone. Member 15 is formed with a circumferentially spaced
plurality of radially inwardly extending closed rear and side
projections 16 that extend fluid tight through apertures 17 in the
wall of cone 13 and are formed with front discharge openings 18
that open toward extrusion nozzle 14. As shown in FIG. 3 the
radially outer edges of openings 18 are preferably flush with the
smooth inner surface 24 of the cone. Member 15 may be made in two
semi-circular parts secured together along a diametral plane.
A second source of soap is indicated at 21 in FIG. 1. This may
comprise another plodder assembly or any device wherein soap is
worked under controlled pressure and moisture content conditions
and discharged as a continuous column through a conduit 22 which
(FIG. 2) is connected to discharge into the annular space 23 within
manifold 15.
In operation a continuous solid column of the first or main soap in
plastic condition is forced by the worm 12 through cone 13. This
column flows around the closed rear and side walls of projections
16, thereby effectively forming outwardly open relatively deep
longitudinal furrows open outwardly at the periphery of the first
soap column. At the same time a plurality of streams of the second
soap in plastic condition are continuously discharged downstream
through nozzles 18 into those furrows and become embedded in the
moving column of the first soap, thereby effectively depositing and
imbedding longitudinal stripes of the second soap upon and along
the first soap column. The soaps are preferably of different
color.
During the time that the second soap streams are being incorporated
with the first soap column, the entire composite mass is slidably
supported by the smooth conical inner surface 24 of cone 13 and is
uniformly radially compressed up to the point it is extruded at 14.
FIG. 5 diagrammatically illustrates a cross section of the
composite mass moving along the cone downstream of manifold 15. The
radially outer surface of each second soap stream slides along the
cone wall 24 while the unsupported radially inner surface of each
second soap stream seeks the bottom of the furrow in the main soap
column.
Since the radially outer surface of each second soap stream is in
sliding contact with cone surface 24 the reducing cone diameter
results in the second soap streams being positively forced radially
deeper into their respective furrows. At the same time the second
soap streams are being laterally compressed within the furrow sides
or for a time within converging lateral extensions of the manifold
openings as will appear in FIGS. 8 and 9. As a result extremely
good surface engagement is ensured between the main soap column and
the sides and inner ends of each second soap stream while the outer
surface of each second soap stream remains in contact with the
smooth cone surface at the same level as the adjacent first soap
column periphery.
It has therefore been found that by locating the region of
incorporation of the stripe forming streams into the main soap
column so that both during incorporation and for an appreciable
period thereafter the composite mass is subjected to uniform radial
compression a better surface bond is attained between the first
soap column and the stripe forming streams of the second soap.
The compression brings the stream and furrow surfaces into full
surface contact so that there are no voids, and the contacting
surfaces are better adhesively bonded.
Preferably the streams of second soap entering the furrows of the
first soap move at about the same linear velocity as the first soap
column, and the two soaps have about the same plasticity.
It has been found particularly advantageous if the first and second
soaps have the same beta phase content, as this combination results
in better surface bonding of the stripes with the central soap
column.
The radial depth of the longitudinal stripes and their spacing
width and shape may be determined by the number, shape and size of
projections 16 and openings 18.
It has been noted that where space 23 is of uniform size all around
the cone and there is only one second soap inlet as shown in FIG.
1, there may be sufficient drop in pressure in the second soap that
the second soap streams exiting from the openings 18 that are more
remote from the connection from the space 23 to conduit 22 may not
contain the same amount of soap as those closer to conduit 22, thus
resulting in some non-uniformity in the striping appearance. This
may be advantageous for certain purposes, but for better uniformity
a second conduit from source 21 may be connected to space 23, for
example about 180.degree. from the point shown in FIG. 1, with the
result that there will be a more equal pressure distribution along
the second soap in space 23.
FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrates another mode of combining the soaps at
the manifold. Here the manifold 31 is integrally formed upon an
intermediate part of cone 13 and, as shown in FIG. 7 has a tubular
second soap intake conduit 32 connected to one side thereof while
the opposite closed side 33 is eccentric to the cone axis and
defines an enlarged manifold space 34 at 180.degree. from the
intake. At its juncture with the manifold wall conduit 32 is faired
to provide smooth transition surfaces 35 and, between the
transition surfaces and at the inner end of conduit 32 is centrally
disposed a soap divider plate 48 of teardrop or like streamline
contour to oppositely divert opposite sides of the soap column of
conduit 32 to flow around opposite sides of the manifold toward
space 34. As in the other embodiments conduit 32 is connected to
provide a continuous supply of the second, usually colored,
soap.
Manifold 31 is formed similarly to the earlier embodiment, with
circumferentially spaced hollow projections 36 radially outwardly
open to the interior of the manifold as indicated at 37 in FIG. 7
and projecting as nozzles into the cone in the path of the column
of the first soap where they are open downstream as indicated at 38
to discharge into the first soap which is passing centrally of the
cone and between the nozzles. The combination of the divider plate
and the eccentric space 34 aids in providing substantially equal
supply of second soap to all nozzles.
Also as shown in FIG. 8 wherein flow of the first soap is indicated
in solid line arrows and the second soap flow in dotted line arrows
there is preferably provided at the end of cone 13 prior to
extrusion an annular internal surface 39 that is concave in the
upstream direction and effects a smooth progressive change in the
reduction of the composite soap column prior to extrusion.
Preferably surface 39 is surrounded by water jackets 41 for cooling
the extruding soap surfaces.
Also shown in FIG. 8 the side walls of each of the projections 36
are longitudinally extended interiorly of the cone to form lateral
guides and retainers 42 and 43 for the soap streams issuing from
openings 38. These guides are disposed on opposite sides of the
furrows in the main soap column and may extend almost to surface 39
if desired. Thus each second soap stream emerging from the manifold
is for a time positively contained and guided by the lateral
extensions 42 and 43 while being free at their upper and lower
surfaces to engage the cone wall and the bottom of a furrow in the
main soap column respectively.
Following extrusion the soap column 40 issuing from nozzle may be
cut into bar sizes and compressed in the direction of the grain of
extrusion to final condition.
The manifold through which the second soap streams are introduced
into the main soap at the cone may be a separate surrounding member
as illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, it may be formed integral with the
cone wall as illustrated in FIG. 8, or it may be an intermediate
separate part secured between the end of the plodder barrel and the
cone as illustrated in FIG. 9.
Referring to FIG. 9 the manifold 15 which is preferably internally
similar in structure to the manifold 15 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, is
an annular hollow member having opposite side walls removably
attached by suitable fastening devices to flanges 44 and 45 on the
plodder barrel and cone 13 respectively. The mode of operation in
the apparatus of FIG. 1A is essentially the same as described for
FIGS. 1-8.
In this embodiment the converging side wall extensions of the
projections 16, indicated at 46 and 47 are relatively long,
extending substantially the interior length of the cone but
terminating sufficiently short of surface 39 to permit the sides of
the second soap streams to be compressed tightly in full surface
engagement within the main soap column furrows.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without
departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The
present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects
as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention
being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing
description, and all changes which come within the meaning and
range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be
embraced therein.
* * * * *