U.S. patent number 3,923,181 [Application Number 05/453,481] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-02 for child-resistant closures.
Invention is credited to Sidney M. Libit.
United States Patent |
3,923,181 |
Libit |
December 2, 1975 |
Child-resistant closures
Abstract
There is disclosed a closure for a container for fluent
substances which may be harmful if ingested, especially by a child
of tender years. The closure consists of two parts: one is secured
to that portion of the container which defines the pouring opening
and the other is manipulatable with respect to the first to open
and close the opening. The parts have respective elements, at least
one of which is helical, adapted to be engaged upon relative rotary
movement to open the pouring opening but so arranged and
constructed that the rotary movement must be accompanied by
sustained digital squeezing force on two opposite sides of the
movable part in order that rotary movement results also in axial
movement. Such axial movement thereby disengages a bead and groove
connection normally maintaining the two parts in fluid-tight
relation. Re-engagement is obtained by simple axial thrust of the
movable part on to the other. In one aspect the exterior
configuration of the movable part is frusto-conical to render it
more difficult for a child to grasp and pull.
Inventors: |
Libit; Sidney M. (Glencoe,
IL) |
Family
ID: |
23800740 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/453,481 |
Filed: |
March 21, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/224; 215/216;
206/807 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
50/048 (20130101); Y10S 206/807 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/00 (20060101); B65D 50/04 (20060101); B65D
055/02 (); B65D 055/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,224,216
;206/225,807 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Norton; Donald F.
Assistant Examiner: Bernstein; Bruce H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Knox; Leonard S.
Claims
I claim:
1. A closure for attachment to means defining the pouring opening
of a container for a fluent substance, said closure comprising a
hollow cylindrical neck extending from the periphery of said
opening and a cylindrical cap adapted to be engaged with, and
disengaged from, said neck to effect open and closed conditions of
the container opening, at least the cap being of resilient but
generally shape retaining material, said cap having a top wall and
a skirt depending from the periphery of said wall, the neck and
skirt having respective confronting faces, one of said faces having
a helicoid outstanding therefrom and the other of said faces having
a cam element outstanding therefrom, adapted to be driven by the
helicoid, said helicoid and cam element being in overlapping
relation in the closed condition of the closure, said cap and neck
having respective bead and groove means which are engaged with a
snap fit when the closure is in closed condition to restrain axial
movement of the cap in response to force applied axially outwardly
of the cap and said bead and groove means are disengaged upon
forcible relative axial shifting of the cap and neck, to free the
cap for removal, the overlap being such in relation to the
tightness of said snap fit that simple rotation of the cap will
displace the cam element away from overlapping relation with the
helicoid by reason of the elasticity of the material and, upon
application of digital, radial, squeezing force to the exterior of
the skirt in the region of engagement of the element and helicoid,
the displacing force is nullified and the element and helicoid are
maintained in driving engagement to translate rotation of the cap
into axial displacement of the cap against the bias of the snap
fit.
2. The combination in accordance with claim 1 wherein the cam
element comprises a pair of projections spaced apart axially a
distance which receives the helicoid with a running fit.
3. The combination in accordance with claim 1 wherein the helicoid
has a substantially rectangular transverse cross section, two
opposite sides of the rectangle being normal to the axis of the
neck.
4. The combination in accordance with claim 1 further characterized
in that the exterior of the lateral wall of the skirt is of
substantially frusto-conical configuration.
5. The combination in accordance with claim 1 further characterized
in that the thickness of said skirt is uniform, at least in the
area coextensive with the helicoid.
6. The combination in accordance with claim 1 wherein the bead is
at the outer end of the neck and the groove is adjacent the top
wall of the cap, the snap fit providing a fluid-tight seal between
the cap and neck.
7. A closure for attachment to means defining a pouring opening of
a container for a fluent substance, said closure comprising a
hollow cylindrical neck extending from the periphery of said
opening, and a cylindrical cap adapted to be engaged with, and
disengaged from said neck to effect open and closed conditions of
the container opening, said cap having a top wall and a skirt
depending from the periphery of said wall, said skirt comprising
resilient material, a first cam element protruding outwardly from
the exterior surface of said neck and a second cam element
protruding inwardly from the interior surface of said skirt, said
elements being mutually displaceable when the cap is rotated
relative to the neck and the skirt is radially unrestrained, said
first cam element being a helical flight, said second element
riding on the incline of the first element when the cap is rotated
and the skirt is radially restrained, as a result of which the cap
is moved axially, retaining means on said cap and neck normally
preventing relative axial displacement therebetween but capable of
being overcome by torque applied to the cap of a degree sufficient
to overcome the retaining means whereby separation of the retaining
means frees the cap for removal from the neck.
8. The combination in accordance with claim 7 wherein the retaining
means is a bead on one of the neck and cap and a groove in the
other of the neck and cap, said bead and groove being engaged with
a snap fit.
9. The combination in accordance with claim 8 wherein the bead has
a frusto-conical surface on the side which enters the groove to
facilitate thrust type re-engagement of the bead and groove upon
re-assembly of the cap and neck.
10. The combination in accordance with claim 7 further
characterized in that the interior face of the top wall of the cap
in the closed position abuts the end of the neck in fluid-tight
relation.
11. The combination in accordance with claim 7 further
characterized in that the top wall of the cap is provided with an
inwardly extending plug forming a snug fit with the interior of the
neck.
12. The combination in accordance with claim 7 further
characterized in that the skirt has a frusto-conical configuration
with the larger diameter toward the container.
13. The combination in accordance with claim 7 wherein the skirt,
in zones where radial inwardly directed squeezing force is applied
is flaccid to present low resistance to disengagement of the
elements in the absence of such force.
14. The combination in accordance with claim 7 further
characterized in that said top wall has a through opening adapted
to provide passage for the contents of the container when the
closure is in on condition and the neck has a transverse wall at
its outer end provided with a perforation, said cap top wall having
a plug adapted to intromit the perforation when the closure is in
off condition to seal against passage of said contents.
15. The combination in accordance with claim 14 wherein that end of
the plug confronting the perforation is conical.
16. The combination in accordance with claim 7 wherein the skirt of
the cap carries at least one flap substantially co-planar with the
skirt and radially displaceable relative to the principal plane of
the skirt, said second element being carried on the interior of the
flap, whereby said radially restraining force may be applied to the
flap.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND SUMMARY THEREOF
Laws coming into force in recent years make it mandatory to seal
containers holding dangerous substances against access by a child.
In terms of these laws the efficacy of a closure is established by
tests of prototypes, using children as the operators, under
controlled laboratory conditions. One hundred percent performance
is not required for a specific closure to be acceptable but a low
percentage of successful attacks is tolerated. Closures operating
on principles closely related to those of the present invention
have been tested and have yielded about 51/2 % of successful
attacks.
The invention closure is based on the inability of small children
to carry on two sustained manual operations simultaneously. In the
present case these operations are rotational and translational,
requiring the child to squeeze a flexible skirt on the movable part
of the closure while rotating the same in the manner of a nut and
bolt. The seal between the fixed and movable parts of the closure
is obtained through the medium of an annular bead fitting snugly
with a snap fit into a complementary groove. Since plastic material
having a memory is utilized for the movable part, the
bead-and-groove engagement may be overcome by relative rotation of
the two parts, the accompanying force, in turn, being converted
into translational force separating the bead and groove.
Re-engagement is accomplished by forcing the bead and groove into
snap type relation.
Further to thwart the child's attempts at opening, the outer
surface of the movable part is frustoconical with the larger
diameter nearest the container. By so doing any attempt by the
child to separate the two parts by brute force must involve the
gripping of a smooth, tapered body and pulling against the forces
maintaining the bead and groove in engaged relation. It has been
found that this type of operation even presents difficulties for an
adult.
In a preferred form the invention closure comprises a fixed member
generally in the form of a sleeve having means for attachment to
the margin of the opening of the container through which its
contents are discharged, together with a cap-like movable member
adapted to be detachably secured over the fixed member. At its
distal end the movable member has a peripheral bead adapted to
engage in a complementory groove within the fixed member with a
snap fit whereby to provide fluid-sealing between the two
members.
One of the members, say, the fixed one, is provided with a helical
rib over a portion of its length and the movable member has a
lateral skirt carrying one or more cam elements on its interior
which are contiguous to the rib when the parts are in the "off"
condition. However, the movable memeber comprises relatively rigid,
but shape-retaining material, i.e., having a plastic memory, so
that rotation of the movable member, without more, merely results
in the cam elements being displaced outwardly when moved with
respect to the rib. However, if sustained squeezing of the skirt in
the region of the cam elements accompanies the rotational force the
cam element or elements and ribs are maintained in engagement and
the elements will ride up the helical rib to cause separation of
the bead and groove. Preferably the bead is provided with a
chamfered outer edge to facilitate re-engagement thereof with its
companion groove upon application of axial thrust to the cap.
In still another aspect it is possible to terminate the skirt close
to a shoulder provided near the base of the fixed part to define a
narrow space into which a coin or other prying means may be
inserted to force the cap off. By so doing an adult, e.g., an
arthritic, who is incapable of exerting the force necessary to
sustain squeezing of the skirt concurrently with rotation thereof,
may use a coin or other implement to effect removal of the cap.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a preferred form of the
invention closure assembled on a container;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but with the cap detached from
the fixed part of the closure;
FIG. 3 is a combined cross section and side elevation of the cap
attached to the fixed part;
FIG. 4 is a cross section taken on the line 4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing the cap in the process
of removal from the fixed part;
FIG. 6 is a cross section taken on the line 6--6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a vertical, medial cross section of a modified form of
the invention closure;
FIG. 8 shows the cap of FIG. 7 in the process of removal;
FIG. 9 is a combined vertical, medial cross section of another
modified form in which the exit opening from the closure is
somewhat smaller than the opening in the container;
FIG. 10 shows the closure of FIG. 9 in the process or removal;
FIG. 11 shows still another embodiment in combined elevation and
cross section;
FIG. 12 is a bottom plan view of the cap only, as seen on the line
12--12 of FIG. 11; and
FIG. 13 is a cross section on the line 13--13 of FIG. 11.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Turning now to the drawings there is shown a metal container 10
having a pouring opening 11 which may be simply pierced or provided
with a circumferential flange, as is common. Alternatively, the
container and the fixed part of the closure may be blow-molded in
one piece. Other common means of attaching the fixed part to the
container may be utilized.
In a preferred embodiment the invention closure comprises a fixed
part 15, sometimes referred to herein as the neck, and a detachable
part 16, referred to herein as the cap. The neck 15 has an annular
attaching portion 17 arranged to interfit with the opening 11.
Engagement between the portion 17 and opening 11 may,
alternatively, be screw threads or a bayonet joint. For reasons to
appear, the neck 15 is desirably molded of a rigid plastic
composition, e.g., polypropylene, and the cap 16 of a resilient
composition, e.g., polyethylene, having a plastic memory.
The neck 15 comprises attaching means 21 from which a tubular
member 22 protrudes outwardly. A right-hand helicoid 23 of, say,
two turns, is formed on the exterior of the member 22. A groove 25
is located adjacent the outermost end of the member 22 and the end
is chamfered as at 26. The groove 25 defines a bead 27.
The cap 16 comprises a top wall 31, from the periphery of which
depends a skirt 32, preferably of frusto-conical configuration,
with the larger diameter at the inner end. In order to rigidify the
free end of the skirt 22 to some extent and for esthetic
considerations, a flange 33 may be provided. On its interior the
cap 16 has a peripheral rib 34, defining, with the wall 31, an
annular groove 38. Also, on its interior surface 41 there are
provided protuberances 42 shown, in the example, as fins having a
principal plane inclined to the horizontal at substantially the
helix angle of the helicoid 23. By way of example two protuberances
are shown on opposite sides of the skirt.
It will be noted that the axial extent of the bead 27 and groove 38
are respectively calculated to provide a running but snug fit
therebetween. That is to say, the play therebetween is a minimum to
yield fluid-tight sealing of the container but not so little as to
unduly restrict rotation of the cap 16 in the manner to be
described.
The exterior of the skirt 32 in the region of the fins 42 is
provided with means to implement digital grip at diametrically
opposed points and squeezing thereat. For example, there is shown a
plurality of vertically disposed ribs 51.
Referring particularly to FIGS. 3 and 4 the closed condition of the
closure is seen to entail engagement of the bead 27 in the groove
38. For clarity of exposition the clearance X between the bead 27
and the inner face 52 of the top wall 31 has been exaggerated. In
practice the clearance may be regarded, for all practical purposes,
as virtually zero. Since polyethylene is preferred for the cap 16
the waxy or slick surface of this plastic facilitates relative
rotation between the surface 52 and bead 27. Therefore, a child,
attempting to remove the cap, might be able to rotate the same but
the snug engagement of the bead 27 and the groove 38 is such that
only an adult having the requisite strength in his fingers might be
able to remove the cap by a straightforward axially-directed pull.
The frusto-conical configuration of the skirt combined with its
waxy surface renders successful removal somewhat problematical.
The relation between the helicoid 23 and the fins 42 in the normal,
i.e., "closed" condition is as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. It will be
observed that the fins 42 are not in full driving relation with the
helicoid, but do occupy an overlapping relation therewith. That is
to say, simple rotation of the cap 16 will be ineffective to cause
the fins 42 to ride up the helicoid 23 since the material of the
parts is of a flexible nature. On the contrary, the fins will
simply be forced away from the helicoid since the skirt 32, being
elastic, will deform by reason of the reactive forces between the
fins and helicoid as supplemented by the engagement between the
bead 27 and groove 38. Stated otherwise, the skirt 32 will ovalize
in accordance with the reaction between the fins and helicoid. This
will be the abortive situation if an attempt is made to separate
the cap 16 from the neck 15 by simple relative rotation.
To separate the cap from the neck the former must be squeezed
simultaneously with rotation To this end the thumb and index finger
will be applied to the ribbed regions 51--51, with sufficient force
of apposition to nullify the forces tending to disengage the fins
42 from the helicoid 23 (FIGS. 5 and 6) and such apposition will be
maintained while rotating the cap. By so doing the cap will be
displaced axially to separate the bead 27 from the groove 38
whereupon the cap may be lifted off to allow pouring.
If desired, the helicoid and fins may be left-handed so that, if a
child is of such age as to be familiar with right-hand threaded
elements but, as may be expected, unfamiliar with left-hand
threads, a still further impediment is placed in his path. However,
an adult reading the directions would be under no such handicap. To
replace the cap the same is simply thrust axially on to the neck
until the bead 27 seats in the groove 38. Because of the resilience
of the skirt 32 the bead 38 will stretch sufficiently to permit
such re-engagement and, similarly when separating the cap from the
neck in the manner described. For conciseness such engagement is
sometimes referred to as a "snap fit."
It is not essential that engagement of the cap 16 with the neck 15
in response to the transverse squeezing force be through the medium
of the fins 42 since, alternatively, any suitable protuberance
inwardly of the skirt 32 may be used, for example, a simple hump or
post on one side or opposite sides of the skirt. For balanced
action, two are preferred, one on each end of a diameter.
A modified form of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8
wherein the cap 16a and neck 15a are provided respectively with
fins 42a engageable with a helicoid 23a. Sealing of the container
is obtained by a plug 61 tightly engaged in an aperture 62 which
may be implemented by snap fit of beads 63 and 64 in the cap 16a
and neck 15a respectively. Operation is believed to be apparent in
view of the preceding description. One or more apertures 65 are
provided in the top wall 31a through which the contents may be
discharged. In this embodiment it is not necessary that the cap be
fully removed but displaced axially only sufficiently to withdraw
the plug 61 sufficiently from the aperture 62. FIG. 8 shows the
closure in "open" condition.
FIGS. 9 and 10 depict still another embodiment in which the plug
61b is arranged to obturate the interior 65 of the neck. Operation
is believed to be apparent in view of what has preceded. In this
form of the invention the neck 15b has two principal diameters:
one, 15x, small enough to permit pouring without gushing and two,
15y having attaching means dimensioned to suit the container 10a
which, for commercial reasons, is designed to receive attaching
means which may be too large for incorporation of the principles of
the invention, without waste of material.
FIGS. 11 to 12 illustrate still another embodiment in which the
flexibility inherent in the skirt 32 is confined to a pair of
fingers 71, the remainder 72 of the skirt in this case being
cylindrical. These fingers are molded in a normal condition
inclined outwardly from the remainder 72 of the skirt. At its inner
end the skirt, actually comprising two substantially
semi-cylindrical shells, had a bead 77 adapted to snap under a bead
78 with a snap fit to retain the cap in the off position.
Fluid-tight sealing is desirably accomplished by abutment of the
upper edge 81 against an annular pad 82 on the interior of the
skirt. An acceptable seal is obtained by so dimensioning the beads
77 and 78 as to apply requisite sealing pressure at the area of
contiguity between the parts 81 and 82.
To remove the cap the fingers 71--71 are pressed radially inwardly
by the thumb and index finger to engagement of the fins 42b on the
fingers with the helicoid 23, while the cap 15b is rotated. In this
embodiment release of the beads 77 and 78 allows separation of the
cap and neck.
* * * * *